394:
843:
403:
745:
502:
831:
8692:
1863:
44:
555:
1949:) can oppose absorption of food when devoured by amoebae. The currently generally utilized and best-explored amoebae that host other organisms are Acanthamoeba castellanii and Dictyostelium discoideum. Microorganisms that can overcome the defenses of one-celled organisms can shelter and multiply inside them, where they are shielded from unfriendly outside conditions by their hosts.
313:
906:, "form") for the "thick, glutinous, homogeneous substance" which fills protozoan cell bodies. Although the term originally referred to the protoplasm of any protozoan, it soon came to be used in a restricted sense to designate the gelatinous contents of amoeboid cells. Thirty years later, the Austrian zoologist
3511:
Ehrenberg, Christian
Gottfried. Organisation, systematik und geographisches verhältniss der infusionsthierchen: Zwei vorträge, in der Akademie der wissenschaften zu Berlin gehalten in den jahren 1828 und 1830. Druckerei der Königlichen akademie der wissenschaften, 1832. p.
3652:
Park, J. S.; Simpson, A. G. B.; Brown, S.; Cho, B. C. (2009). "Ultrastructure and
Molecular Phylogeny of two Heterolobosean Amoebae, Euplaesiobystra hypersalinica gen. Et sp. Nov. And Tulamoeba peronaphora gen. Et sp. Nov., Isolated from an Extremely Hypersaline Habitat".
3742:
Guimaraes AJ, Gomes KX, Cortines JR, Peralta JM, Peralta RHS (2016) Acanthamoeba spp. as a universal host for pathogenic microorganisms: One bridge from environment to host virulence. Microbiological
Research 193: 30–38. 10.1016/j.micres.2016.08.001
489:. Without a contractile vacuole, the cell would fill with excess water and, eventually, burst. Marine amoebae do not usually possess a contractile vacuole because the concentration of solutes within the cell are in balance with the
2127:
family tree, these results suggest that meiosis was present early in eukaryotic evolution. Furthermore, these findings are consistent with the proposal of Lahr et al. that the majority of amoeboid lineages are anciently sexual.
965:
group. In view of these findings, the old scheme was abandoned and the amoebae of
Sarcodina were dispersed among many other high-level taxonomic groups. Today, the majority of traditional sarcodines are placed in two eukaryote
2065:. The DNA pairing and strand exchange reactions are enhanced by the eukaryotic meiosis-specific recombination accessory factor (heterodimer) Hop2-Mnd1. These processes are central to meiotic recombination, suggesting that
2741:
Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Weber, Felix; Jürgens, Klaus; Wylezich, Claudia (1 August 2015). "Massisteria marina has a sister: Massisteria voersi sp. nov., a rare species isolated from coastal waters of the Baltic Sea".
3717:
3752:
Hilbi H, Weber SS, Ragaz C, Nyfeler Y, Urwyler S (2007) Environmental predators as models for bacterial pathogenesis. Environmental microbiology 9: 563–575. 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01238.x
856:, who named his discovery "Der Kleine Proteus" ("the Little Proteus"). Rösel's illustrations show an unidentifiable freshwater amoeba, similar in appearance to the common species now known as
790:
organism, while the cells of the latter live separately until food runs out, at which time the amoebae aggregate to form a multicellular migrating "slug" which functions as a single organism.
3687:
Ott, Donald W., Carla K. Oldham-Ott, Nataliya
Rybalka, and Thomas Friedl. 2015. Xanthophyte, Eustigmatophyte, and Raphidophyte Algae. In: Wehr, J.D., Sheath, R.G., Kociolek, J.P. (Eds.)
2329:
Friedl, P.; Borgmann, S.; Bröcker, E. B. (1 October 2001). "Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the
Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement".
3113:
Friedl, Peter; Borgmann, Stefan; Eva-B, Bröcker (2001). "Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the
Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement".
2818:
Gooday, A. J.; Aranda da Silva, A.; Pawlowski, J. (1 December 2011). "Xenophyophores (Rhizaria, Foraminifera) from the Nazaré Canyon (Portuguese margin, NE Atlantic)".
759:
have amoeboid cells only in certain phases of life, or use amoeboid movements for specialized functions. In the immune system of humans and other animals, amoeboid
3276:
Valle, L.G. (2014). "New species of
Paramoebidium (trichomycetes, Mesomycetozoea) from the Mediterranean, with comments about the amoeboid cells in Amoebidiales".
8339:
11344:
8331:
1943:. Amoebae can likewise play host to microscopic organisms that are pathogenic to people and help in spreading such microbes. Bacterial pathogens (for example,
11334:
279:, both of which have been widely cultivated and studied in classrooms and laboratories. Other well known species include the so-called "brain-eating amoeba"
3325:
11391:
11381:
11278:
10537:
10229:
10219:
8318:
8198:
8030:
7579:
7097:
7092:
3724:. Genera considered ungrouped/unknown by this source in 2000 but which have since become classified have been moved to those classifications on Knowledge.
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11356:
11080:
11038:
10852:
10825:
10133:
9748:
9667:
8175:
7353:
7346:
2092:
is enhanced. Expression of genes with functions related to the major steps of meiotic recombination also increase during encystations. These findings in
2887:
2785:
914:-level group made up of "unstable, changeable" organisms with bodies largely composed of "sarcode". Later workers, including the influential taxonomist
11283:
11075:
10857:
10741:
10522:
10486:
10313:
10224:
8620:
8389:
8134:
8129:
7304:
1402:, a large group of marine protists that generally produce multi-chambered shells. There are only a few sorts of naked reticulose amoebae, notably the
11361:
11293:
11288:
10980:
10655:
10645:
10604:
10599:
10467:
10462:
10433:
9650:
9473:
8466:
8415:
8349:
8111:
8035:
8020:
7538:
6693:
1270:) are blunt, and there may be one or several on a cell, which is usually divided into a layer of clear ectoplasm surrounding more granular endoplasm.
3814:"Are amoebae safe harbors for plague? New research shows that plague bacteria not only survive, but thrive and replicate once ingested by an amoeba"
11376:
11324:
11311:
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11268:
11192:
11070:
11065:
10985:
10676:
10635:
9753:
9662:
9656:
9463:
9234:
9109:
8951:
8634:
8438:
8407:
8251:
8140:
8106:
8098:
7462:
7227:
6698:
11319:
10782:
10532:
10512:
10491:
10438:
10165:
10021:
9737:
9202:
9003:
8578:
8228:
7969:
7653:
3396:
860:. The term "Proteus animalcule" remained in use throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, as an informal name for any large, free-living amoeboid.
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11136:
11060:
10630:
10625:
10517:
10373:
10271:
10266:
9696:
9606:
9559:
9468:
9119:
9114:
8895:
8662:
8529:
8477:
8380:
8220:
8042:
8025:
7360:
7199:
7178:
7136:
7102:
6556:
393:
11197:
11187:
10756:
10303:
10026:
8627:
8592:
8550:
8211:
8010:
7983:
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7962:
7955:
7935:
7921:
7553:
7220:
11221:
11204:
11182:
10751:
8956:
8655:
8564:
8242:
8147:
7990:
7262:
7171:
4310:
3715:
2546:
4276:
3710:
Patterson, D. J.; Simpson, A. G. B.; Rogerson, A. (2000). "Amoebae of uncertain affinities". In: Lee, J. J.; Leedale, G. F.; Bradbury, P.
2227:
10862:
10291:
8998:
8900:
8277:
7129:
2147:
1579:
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that surrounds the cell. The appearance and internal structure of pseudopods are used to distinguish groups of amoebae from one another.
9506:
9222:
9217:
8536:
7115:
7108:
2020:. This finding suggests that the ‘'Acanthamoeba'’ are capable of some form of meiosis and may be able to undergo sexual reproduction.
953:. The Rhizopods were further subdivided into lobose, filose, and reticulose amoebae, according to the morphology of their pseudopods.
10308:
8543:
7269:
6995:
1932:
320:, from left: polypodial and lobose; monopodial and lobose; filose; conical; reticulose; tapering actinopods; non-tapering actinopods
4245:
531:, extending pseudopods to encircle and engulf live prey or particles of scavenged material. Amoeboid cells do not have a mouth or
3733:
Casadevall A (2008) Evolution of intracellular pathogens. Annu Rev
Microbiol 62: 19–33. 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093305
2250:
1383:) are narrow and tapering. The vast majority of filose amoebae, including all those that produce shells, are placed within the
369:
emit fine, branching pseudopods that merge with one another to form net-like (reticulose) structures. Some groups, such as the
2857:
2481:
3962:"Entamoeba histolytica Dmc1 Catalyzes Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange That Is Stimulated by Calcium and Hop2-Mnd1"
3488:
3230:
2613:
2181:
324:
Amoeba do not have cell walls, which allows for free movement. Amoeba move and feed by using pseudopods, which are bulges of
3694:
3318:
Taylor, J. W. & Berbee, M. L. (2014). Fungi from PCR to
Genomics: The Spreading Revolution in Evolutionary Biology. In:
2687:
Thorp, James H. (2001). Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. San Diego: Academic. p. 71.
2955:
6794:
5504:
793:
Other organisms may also present amoeboid cells during certain life-cycle stages, e.g., the gametes of some green algae (
2513:
2085:
961:
In the final decade of the 20th century, a series of molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed that Sarcodina was not a
853:
9834:
8728:
2638:
1907:(the "brain-eating amoeba") is a fresh-water-native species that can be fatal to humans if introduced through the nose.
3465:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. M. "Essai d'une classification des animaux microscopiques." Agasse, Paris (1826).p. 28
4083:"Variation, sex, and social cooperation: molecular population genetics of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum"
3429:
3366:
2722:
2692:
2663:
2577:
9867:
8762:
6827:
5538:
5386:
4303:
3960:
Kelso AA, Say AF, Sharma D, Ledford LL, Turchick A, Saski CA, King AV, Attaway CC, Temesvari LA, Sehorn MG (2015).
1862:
3091:
9862:
8757:
6822:
5533:
2205:
543:
2989:
1642:
The heterokont chrysophyte and xanthophyte algae include some amoeboid members, the latter being poorly studied.
4282:
3023:
11459:
9946:
9936:
9919:
8841:
8831:
8814:
6906:
6896:
6879:
5617:
5607:
5590:
2879:
2793:
438:, lacking any hard covering). The shells of testate amoebae may be composed of various substances, including
2909:
2633:. Oxford, London, and Glasgow: Oxford University Press, for British Museum (Natural History). pp. 1–5.
967:
4411:
1387:
together with various flagellates that tend to have amoeboid forms. The naked filose amoebae also includes
4279:
website of Maciver Lab of the University of Edinburgh, brings together information from published sources.
2385:"How amoeboids self-organize into a fruiting body: multicellular coordination in Dictyostelium discoideum"
946:
4296:
2434:
Mackerras, M. J.; Ercole, Q. N. (1947). "Observations on the action of paludrine on malarial parasites".
4024:"Homologous recombination occurs in Entamoeba and is enhanced during growth stress and stage conversion"
349:, typically have bulbous (lobose) pseudopods, rounded at the ends and roughly tubular in cross-section.
5407:
786:, live as amoebae during their feeding stage. The amoeboid cells of the former combine to form a giant
5281:
4081:
Flowers JM, Li SI, Stathos A, Saxer G, Ostrowski EA, Queller DC, Strassmann JE, Purugganan MD (2010).
516:
The food sources of amoebae vary. Some amoebae are predatory and live by consuming bacteria and other
3246:
3057:
1398:) are cytoplasmic strands that branch and merge to form a net. They are found most notably among the
721:
883:, adopted the genus in his own classification of microscopic creatures, but changed the spelling to
485:
with respect to the contents of the cell, water is transferred across the amoeba's cell membrane by
5005:
2605:
2108:
2089:
2058:
2032:
300:
17:
2475:
The twilight of Sarcodina: a molecular perspective on the polyphyletic origin of amoeboid protists
2173:
575:
in diameter, within the size range of many bacteria. At the other extreme, the shells of deep-sea
11454:
9951:
8846:
6911:
6787:
5622:
5497:
5245:
3813:
3586:
1964:
1927:
756:
35:
2538:
579:
can attain 20 cm in diameter. Most of the free-living freshwater amoebae commonly found in
9827:
8721:
5442:
5381:
5320:
5034:
3222:
2714:
2231:
2054:
249:
3529:
3394:
2144:
11449:
11444:
11439:
9914:
8809:
6874:
5585:
5402:
5393:
4979:
3452:
3323:
2041:
1891:
1871:
876:
661:
435:
287:
3422:
3214:
2597:
2165:
4035:
3973:
3828:
3550:
3169:
2827:
2272:
Flor-Parra, Ignacio; Bernal, Manuel; Zhurinsky, Jacob; Daga, Rafael R. (17 December 2013).
1324:
926:
907:
241:
225:
often use the terms "amoeboid" and "amoeba" interchangeably for any organism that exhibits
184:
5105:
2246:
8:
11226:
6400:
6184:
5330:
3714:, 2nd ed., Vol. 2, p. 804-827. Lawrence, Kansas: Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press.
2598:
2166:
2117:
1633:
196:
4039:
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pursue invading organisms, such as bacteria and pathogenic protists, and engulf them by
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9909:
9897:
9872:
8826:
8804:
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8767:
8695:
7433:
6891:
6869:
6857:
6832:
6780:
6410:
5602:
5580:
5568:
5543:
5490:
4579:
4288:
4228:
4201:
4176:
4157:
4109:
4082:
4058:
4023:
3996:
3961:
3930:
3905:
3881:
3854:
3626:
3601:
3580:
3477:
3301:
3195:
3138:
2362:
2306:
2273:
2074:
1843:
842:
192:
3790:
3763:
3523:
3415:
3358:
2707:
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have reticulose (net-like) pseudopods, and many species are visible with the naked eye
11464:
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9941:
9904:
9892:
9882:
9820:
9800:
9177:
9073:
8836:
8799:
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8777:
8714:
8456:
8397:
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6852:
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5575:
5563:
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5376:
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4229:
Amöben: Paradebeispiele für Probleme der Phylogenetik, Klassifikation und Nomenklatur
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3215:
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3187:
3130:
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2416:
2411:
2384:
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2311:
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1115:
950:
760:
697:
626:
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292:
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226:
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770:
Amoeboid stages also occur in the multicellular fungus-like protists, the so-called
378:
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9380:
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8751:
8366:
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7339:
6816:
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5141:
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5017:
5010:
4947:
4824:
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4141:
4104:
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3621:
3613:
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3305:
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2835:
2751:
2478:
2443:
2406:
2396:
2338:
2301:
2285:
1940:
794:
462:
260:. Consequently, amoeboid organisms are no longer classified together in one group.
149:
92:
6348:
4379:
3780:
1002:
Recent classification places the various amoeboid genera in the following groups:
915:
565:
The size of amoeboid cells and species is extremely variable. The marine amoeboid
11366:
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10940:
10556:
10065:
9788:
9325:
8433:
8358:
8259:
8121:
7689:
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3721:
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3666:
3544:
3400:
3342:
3329:
2485:
2151:
1463:
1090:
880:
830:
535:, and there is no fixed place on the cell at which phagocytosis normally occurs.
431:
336:
312:
233:
2822:. The Geology, Geochemistry, and Biology of Submarine Canyons West of Portugal.
11351:
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5726:
5558:
5310:
5151:
5061:
5047:
4848:
4704:
4652:
4509:
4428:
4177:"The chastity of amoebae: re-evaluating evidence for sex in amoeboid organisms"
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49:
31:
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4132:
O'Day DH, Keszei A (2012). "Signalling and sex in the social amoebozoans".
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4005:
3939:
3890:
3855:"Editorial: Amoebae as Host Models to Study the Interaction with Pathogens"
3799:
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3635:
3566:
Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs I. Abteilung: Sarkodina und Sporozoa
3297:
3191:
3134:
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Kudo, Richard Roksabro. "Protozoology." Protozoology 4th Edit (1954). p. 83
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with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting
61:
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Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Pond Life – Amoeba (Protozoa)
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6179:
6127:
6100:
6082:
6055:
5822:
5691:
5680:
5457:
5432:
5420:
5235:
5189:
4990:
4957:
4937:
4858:
4771:
4642:
4610:
4548:
4538:
4473:
4448:
4396:
3126:
2977:
2342:
2289:
2082:
2028:
2024:
2006:
1866:
1839:
1835:
1684:
1604:
1555:
1529:
1493:
1403:
1388:
1175:
1155:
1131:
1094:
1054:
934:
775:
614:
567:
539:
521:
501:
450:, or agglutinations of found materials like small grains of sand and the
317:
296:
188:
11177:
10842:
10415:
10343:
10298:
10107:
9776:
9702:
9586:
9491:
9450:
9440:
9422:
9370:
9345:
9340:
9172:
9142:
9096:
9078:
9068:
8641:
8448:
8287:
7781:
7712:
7707:
7558:
7395:
7311:
7297:
7290:
7192:
7039:
6944:
6726:
6550:
6541:
6526:
6394:
6331:
6190:
6151:
6146:
6032:
5949:
5844:
5756:
5471:
5466:
5447:
5437:
5415:
5071:
4995:
4815:
4786:
4714:
4693:
4564:
4452:
4406:
4348:
3568:. Paleontologische Entwicklung der Rhisopoda von C. Scwager. p. 1.
3011:
2124:
2062:
1945:
1896:
1851:
1780:
1709:
1667:
1594:
1567:
1561:
1535:
1510:
1499:
1487:
1409:
1370:
1311:
1226:
1163:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1086:
1074:
1070:
1046:
942:
806:
771:
748:
637:
572:
370:
340:
245:
78:
4238:
3448:
Biological atlas: a guide to the practical study of plants and animals
2201:
2168:
Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition, revised
1939:
Amoeba have been found to harvest and grow the bacteria implicated in
925:
Within the traditional Sarcodina, amoebae were generally divided into
774:. Both the plasmodial slime moulds, currently classified in the class
402:
11124:
11101:
11048:
11008:
10815:
10702:
10695:
10581:
10549:
10254:
10016:
9629:
9591:
9294:
9104:
9021:
8606:
8571:
7997:
7928:
7699:
7241:
7052:
6936:
6927:
6803:
6625:
6566:
6274:
6239:
6197:
6174:
6156:
6043:
5979:
5854:
5731:
5674:
5661:
5513:
5452:
5325:
5315:
5179:
5161:
5136:
5066:
4918:
4898:
4884:
4863:
4791:
4671:
4574:
4553:
4499:
4391:
4370:
3906:"Is there evidence of sexual reproduction (meiosis) in Acanthamoeba?"
3182:
3157:
2921:
2113:
2079:
1972:
1916:
1699:
1649:
1445:
1356:
1305:
1217:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1151:
1143:
1082:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1027:
1019:
971:
930:
739:
580:
532:
510:
470:
451:
413:
350:
325:
237:
200:
67:
1846:) were not traditionally included in Sarcodina, being classified as
910:
used "sarcode" as the conceptual basis for his division Sarcodea, a
852:
The earliest record of an amoeboid organism was produced in 1755 by
11055:
10935:
10895:
10544:
10249:
10056:
9998:
9926:
9843:
9796:
9792:
9690:
9302:
9277:
9013:
8868:
8821:
8737:
8676:
8269:
8087:
7946:
7617:
7122:
6886:
6632:
6594:
6495:
6472:
6019:
6014:
6006:
5936:
5811:
5686:
5669:
5647:
5597:
5345:
5340:
5252:
5217:
5146:
5131:
5121:
5000:
4923:
4874:
4838:
4805:
4719:
4631:
4528:
4483:
4363:
4343:
3289:
2050:
2016:
1883:
1661:
1543:
1481:
1419:
1395:
1384:
1332:
1284:
1277:
1244:
1232:
1171:
1159:
1103:
979:
975:
938:
779:
709:
588:
490:
482:
374:
355:
264:
204:
73:
2436:
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1957:
Recent evidence indicates that several Amoebozoa lineages undergo
1412:
are a subgroup of actinopods that are now grouped with rhizarians.
834:
The first illustration of an amoeboid, from Roesel von Rosenhof's
9989:
9968:
9780:
9406:
7844:
6748:
6483:
6320:
6166:
6073:
6062:
5926:
5832:
5788:
5696:
5262:
4781:
4735:
4374:
4327:
2880:"Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 4: Blood"
1968:
1958:
1549:
810:
798:
673:
554:
517:
486:
478:
474:
466:
455:
439:
232:
In older classification systems, most amoebae were placed in the
216:
43:
30:
This article is about the cellular body type. For the genus, see
2499:"A simple mass culture of the amoeba Chaos carolinense: revisit"
7891:
7835:
7206:
6341:
6138:
5868:
5770:
5712:
5184:
5042:
4745:
4621:
1990:
1981:
1857:
1713:
1380:
1291:
1267:
1183:
1032:
949:; whereas those with unsupported pseudopods were classified as
922:
that remained in wide use throughout most of the 20th century.
911:
447:
443:
361:
8060:
3045:
2854:"Brain-Eating Amoeba (Naegleria Fowleri): Causes and Symptoms"
2817:
161:
104:
6708:
5156:
4724:
4386:
4021:
3689:
Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification
2271:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1847:
919:
473:
is necessary because freshwater has a lower concentration of
329:
212:
208:
6772:
4270:
3853:
Thewes, Sascha; Soldati, Thierry; Eichinger, Ludwig (2019).
2740:
2274:"Cell migration and division in amoeboid-like fission yeast"
1593:, includes protists that can transform between amoeboid and
434:" (enclosed within a hard shell), or "naked" (also known as
9812:
5965:
2010:
167:
152:
110:
95:
4175:
Lahr DJ, Parfrey LW, Mitchell EA, Katz LA, Lara E (2011).
3451:. Edinburgh and London: W. & A. K. Johnston. pp.
2820:
Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
587:, but some species, such as the so-called "giant amoebae"
4263:
2202:"Amoebae: Protists Which Move and Feed Using Pseudopodia"
933:. Amoebae with pseudopods supported by regular arrays of
875:, meaning "change") was erected by the French naturalist
825:
4318:
4239:
Amoebae: Protists Which Move and Feed Using Pseudopodia
4174:
3691:, 2nd edition. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 483–534,
2061:
and DNA strand exchange over at least several thousand
3852:
3479:
Gale Encyclopedia of Science Vol. 1: Aardvark-Catalyst
918:, amended this group to create the class Sarcodina, a
477:(such as salt) than the amoeba's own internal fluids (
4080:
3959:
2786:"The Size, Shape, And Arrangement of Bacterial Cells"
2328:
3528:. Paris: Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret. pp.
3475:
McGrath, Kimberley; Blachford, Stacey, eds. (2001).
3158:"Intelligence: Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism"
164:
107:
3651:
3112:
203:organisms. Amoeboid cells occur not only among the
158:
155:
101:
98:
3476:
3414:
2706:
2172:. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. pp.
929:, on the basis of the form and structure of their
740:Amoebae as specialized cells and life cycle stages
4945:
3764:"Microorganisms resistant to free-living amoebae"
3221:. San Diego and London: Academic Press. pp.
1834:Some of the amoeboid groups cited (e.g., part of
599:, can be large enough to see with the naked eye.
381:(actinopoda) supported from within by bundles of
365:, have slender, thread-like (filose) pseudopods.
11426:
10123:
4022:Singh N, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya S (2013).
3859:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
3474:
307:
6661:
4131:
2433:
2389:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2383:Marée, Athanasius FM; Hogeweg, Paulien (2001).
10064:
9049:
8878:
8357:
3391:Monatlich herausgegebene Insektenbelustigungen
2199:
778:, and the cellular slime moulds of the groups
469:which expels excess water from the cell. This
10971:
10926:
9828:
8722:
6788:
5498:
4906:
4304:
4246:Untangling the Phylogeny of Amoeboid Protists
2813:
2811:
2230:. The University of Edinburgh. Archived from
751:(white blood cell) engulfing anthrax bacteria
465:, most freshwater amoebae have a contractile
11026:
10917:
9527:
9128:
5512:
4168:
4125:
4074:
3903:
3897:
2653:
2567:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2382:
2123:Since the Amoebozoa diverged early from the
1858:Pathogenic interactions with other organisms
1712:appear to be close relatives of animals and
11017:
10964:
9163:
9038:
8973:
8736:
8219:
7852:
7070:
6377:
3761:
3647:
3645:
3525:Histoire Naturelle des Zoophytes Infusoires
2736:
2734:
2572:. New York: Garland Science. p. 1037.
2078:found that, during the conversion from the
994:, have yet to be placed in any supergroup.
978:. The rest have been distributed among the
956:
801:, the spores (or dispersal phases) of some
295:, and the multicellular "social amoeba" or
252:studies have shown that Sarcodina is not a
10361:
9835:
9821:
9420:
8729:
8715:
6795:
6781:
5505:
5491:
4311:
4297:
3826:
3602:"The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes"
3421:. New York: Academic Press. pp. 2–3,
2808:
2658:. New York: Garland Science. p. 663.
2477:. Protistology, Band 5, 2008, S. 281–302.
2244:
1406:, and their relationships are not certain.
9095:
5755:
4813:
4200:
4108:
4098:
4057:
4047:
3995:
3985:
3929:
3880:
3870:
3789:
3779:
3625:
3247:"Algae World: diatom sex and life cycles"
3181:
2656:Molecular Biology of the Cell 5th Edition
2570:Molecular Biology of the Cell 5th Edition
2462:
2410:
2400:
2305:
2163:
2096:, combined with evidence from studies of
1933:granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis
1677:Parasite with amoeboid life cycle stages.
195:; instead, they are found in every major
11099:
8865:
5660:
4017:
4015:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3642:
3585:. New York: Lea & Febiger. pp.
3563:
3542:
3521:
3444:
3343:"Protistan phylogeny and eukaryogenesis"
3155:
2731:
2592:
2100:indicate the presence of meiosis in the
1882:Some amoebae can infect other organisms
1861:
841:
829:
743:
553:
500:
311:
42:
10055:
9997:
9275:
8984:
6992:
5645:
4264:Microworld: world of amoeboid organisms
4227:Walochnik, J. & Aspöck, H. (2007).
3820:
3578:
3340:
2120:including meiosis when food is scarce.
542:, imbibing dissolved nutrients through
527:Amoebae typically ingest their food by
14:
11427:
9988:
7843:
6763:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
4244:Pawlowski, J. & Burki, F. (2009).
3257:from the original on 23 September 2014
2549:from the original on 29 September 2017
2519:from the original on 29 September 2017
826:Early history and origins of Sarcodina
9816:
8710:
7448: Glutinoconcha
6776:
5486:
4292:
4012:
3946:
3322:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 52,
3275:
2713:. New York: Academic Press. pp.
2631:An Atlas of Freshwater Testate Amoeba
2628:
1975:have recently been identified in the
377:, have stiff, needle-like, radiating
3712:An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa
3468:
3412:
3212:
3060:from the original on 12 October 2016
2704:
2378:
2376:
2253:from the original on 4 November 2005
2195:
2193:
2031:, is required for efficient meiotic
481:). Because the surrounding water is
343:species, such as those in the genus
328:formed by the coordinated action of
3599:
3094:from the original on 18 August 2016
3026:from the original on 18 August 2016
2992:from the original on 18 August 2016
2958:from the original on 5 October 2016
2890:from the original on 19 August 2016
2860:from the original on 21 August 2016
2496:
244:that possess pseudopods or move by
127:
24:
4271:Visual key to amoeboid morphotypes
4250:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
4221:
3606:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
3600:Adl, Sina M.; et al. (2012).
3253:. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
2654:Alberts Eds.; et al. (2007).
2568:Alberts Eds.; et al. (2007).
820:
25:
11476:
4256:
3827:Vidyasagar, Aparna (April 2016).
3217:Freshwater Algae of North America
2373:
2208:from the original on 15 June 2010
2190:
997:
546:formed within the cell membrane.
8691:
8690:
4146:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00200.x
3618:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x
3347:International Review of Cytology
2744:European Journal of Protistology
854:August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof
401:
392:
148:
91:
4241:at the Tree of Life web project
3846:
3806:
3755:
3746:
3736:
3727:
3704:
3681:
3593:
3572:
3557:
3536:
3515:
3505:
3459:
3438:
3406:
3383:
3334:
3312:
3269:
3239:
3206:
3149:
3106:
3072:
3038:
3004:
2970:
2936:
2902:
2872:
2846:
2778:
2698:
2681:
2672:
2647:
2622:
2586:
2561:
2531:
2490:
524:and eat dead organic material.
191:. Amoebae do not form a single
6242:
6238:
5998:
5994:
5058:Membranous/thalloid/foliaceous
3922:10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000009
3543:Schmarda, Ludwig Karl (1871).
3156:Nakagaki; et al. (2000).
2427:
2322:
2265:
2238:
2220:
2157:
2138:
1931:is the cause of (often fatal)
13:
1:
6802:
5028:Tetrasporal/capsal/palmelloid
3781:10.1128/CMR.17.2.413-433.2004
3768:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
3359:10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61703-9
2448:10.1016/s0035-9203(47)90133-8
2247:"Sun animalcules and amoebas"
2131:
549:
308:Shape, movement and nutrition
9842:
4269:Völcker, E. & Clauß, S.
4100:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001013
4049:10.1371/journal.pone.0074465
3987:10.1371/journal.pone.0139399
3904:Khan NA, Siddiqui R (2015).
3762:Greub, G; Raoult, D (2004).
3667:10.1016/j.protis.2008.10.002
3483:(2nd ed.). Gale Group.
3115:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
2331:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
2204:. Tree of Life web project.
430:Free-living amoebae may be "
411:"Naked" amoeba of the genus
7:
4285:– informative amoeba videos
2604:. Academic Press. pp.
2088:to the tetranucleate cyst,
10:
11481:
3549:. W. Braumüller. pp.
2840:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.04.005
2756:10.1016/j.ejop.2015.05.002
2539:"Relationship with Humans"
1952:
1824:, and over 40 other genera
1732:
1706:
1688:
1653:
1608:
1586:
1423:
1376:
1281:
1263:
1107:(formerly part of Lobosa)
538:Some amoebae also feed by
493:of the surrounding water.
285:, the intestinal parasite
256:group whose members share
47:Clockwise from top right:
29:
11304:
11255:
11246:
11170:
11145:
11132:
11123:
11110:
11095:
11006:
10957:
10908:
10904:
10893:
10803:
10772:
10719:
10712:
10687:
10666:
10615:
10589:
10580:
10502:
10476:
10458:
10449:
10414:
10405:
10352:
10341:
10240:
10204:
10197:
10176:
10155:
10148:
10116:
10105:
10094:
10048:
9981:
9977:
9966:
9850:
9762:
9727:
9676:
9615:
9576:
9538:
9523:
9482:
9449:
9431:
9416:
9403:
9399:
9358:
9316:
9293:
9286:
9271:
9159:
9091:
9059:
9034:
9012:
8991:
8969:
8942:
8909:
8888:
8861:
8745:
8686:
8519:
8447:
8424:
8406:
8388:
8379:
8348:
8330:
8317:
8286:
8268:
8250:
8241:
8210:
8197:
8184:
8161:
8120:
8097:
8077:
8056:
7945:
7901:
7888:
7884:
7834:
7803:
7780:
7757:
7734:
7725:
7698:
7675:
7652:
7643:
7625:
7616:
7572:
7531:
7513:
7497:
7476:
7455:
7446:
7442:
7421:
7405:
7083:
7066:
7038:
7005:
6988:
6965:
6935:
6926:
6810:
6739:
6707:
6684:
6611:
6580:
6540:
6511:
6491:
6482:
6470:
6466:
6311:
6302:
6273:
6258:
6249:
6236:
6232:
6165:
6137:
6122:
6113:
6072:
6051:
6042:
6005:
5992:
5988:
5975:
5962:
5958:
5935:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5853:
5840:
5831:
5798:
5785:
5751:
5740:
5722:
5709:
5656:
5641:
5637:
5521:
5367:
5301:
5226:
5203:
5170:
5103:
4977:
4970:
4936:
4897:
4872:
4846:
4837:
4804:
4769:
4733:
4702:
4679:
4670:
4640:
4619:
4601:
4592:
4562:
4536:
4527:
4497:
4471:
4436:
4427:
4420:
4334:
3579:Calkins, Gary N. (1909).
3445:McAlpine, Daniel (1881).
3320:Systematics and Evolution
2497:Tan; et al. (2005).
2154:at Oxforddictionaries.com
2045:. The purified Dmc1 from
722:Syringammina fragilissima
583:, ditches, and lakes are
422:Cylindrifflugia acuminata
240:Sarcodina, a grouping of
5968:
5964:
4349:Mastigophora/Flagellates
4235:20: 323–350. (In German)
4134:Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
3872:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00047
3522:Dujardin, Felix (1841).
2790:classes.midlandstech.edu
2164:Singleton, Paul (2006).
2150:22 November 2015 at the
2109:Dictyostelium discoideum
2090:homologous recombination
2053:filaments and catalyses
2033:homologous recombination
1011:Major groups and genera
957:Dismantling of Sarcodina
937:(such as the freshwater
927:morphological categories
417:(left) and shell of the
301:Dictyostelium discoideum
263:The best known amoeboid
118:; less commonly spelled
5387:Baas-Becking hypothesis
3697:22 January 2017 at the
3564:Bütschli, Otto (1882).
3413:Jeon, Kwang W. (1973).
3341:Corliss, J. O. (1987).
2705:Jeon, Kwang W. (1973).
2116:can undergo mating and
1984:. These genes included
1928:Balamuthia mandrillaris
1899:, or amoebic dysentery.
1394:Reticulose pseudopods (
879:. Bory's contemporary,
757:multicellular organisms
496:
242:single-celled organisms
36:Amoeba (disambiguation)
5382:Microbial biogeography
4193:10.1098/rspb.2011.0289
3213:Wehr, John D. (2003).
2884:www.anatomyatlases.org
2402:10.1073/pnas.061535198
2059:homologous DNA pairing
1879:
849:
839:
752:
562:
513:
321:
250:molecular phylogenetic
82:
34:. For other uses, see
8340:Echinosteliopsidaceae
4402:Fungus-like organisms
3389:Rosenhof, R. (1755).
2946:Entamoeba histolytica
2629:Ogden, C. G. (1980).
2042:Entamoeba histolytica
2023:The meiosis-specific
1967:of genes employed in
1892:Entamoeba histolytica
1872:Entamoeba histolytica
1865:
945:) were classified as
902:, "flesh," and εἶδος
877:Bory de Saint-Vincent
845:
833:
747:
662:Entamoeba histolytica
605:Species or cell type
557:
504:
315:
288:Entamoeba histolytica
74:Euglypha acanthophora
68:Nuclearia thermophila
46:
11460:Eukaryote morphology
11345:Spirotrichonymphidae
11341:Spirotrichonymphida
8332:Echinosteliopsidales
5117:Simple cell membrane
5053:Pseudoparenchymatous
5041:Filamentous/trichal/
5025:Colonial flagellated
4958:Collar of microvilli
3829:"What Is an Amoeba?"
3720:8 March 2016 at the
3399:13 July 2015 at the
3328:30 June 2015 at the
3127:10.1189/jlb.70.4.491
2826:(23–24): 2401–2419.
2600:Kingdoms and Domains
2484:14 June 2013 at the
2343:10.1189/jlb.70.4.491
2290:10.1242/bio.20136783
2200:David J. Patterson.
1325:Chlorarachniophyceae
908:Ludwig Karl Schmarda
836:Insecten-Belustigung
608:Size in micrometers
185:unicellular organism
11335:Hypotrichomonadidae
11331:Hypotrichomonadida
9775:organization type:
6640:Gunflint microbiota
6401:Klebsormidiophyceae
6185:Hyphochytriomycetes
5331:Contractile vacuole
5282:Meiosis in protists
5263:Mitosis in protists
5241:Multinucleate cells
4463:Flagellar apparatus
4412:Ambiregnal protists
4354:Sarcodina/Amoeboids
4040:2013PLoSO...874465S
3978:2015PLoSO..1039399K
3174:2000Natur.407..470N
2832:2011DSRII..58.2401G
2118:sexual reproduction
2069:undergoes meiosis.
1886:, causing disease:
1844:chlorarachniophytes
1634:Labyrinthulomycetes
1379:Filose pseudopods (
1266:Lobose pseudopods (
898:" (from Greek σάρξ
863:In 1822, the genus
640:(white blood cell)
353:amoeboids, such as
175:), often called an
81:ingesting bacteria.
11392:Tritrichomonadidae
11382:Monocercomonadidae
11373:Tritrichomonadida
11279:Spirotrichosomidae
10538:Trypanoplasmatidae
10503:Metakinetoplastina
10483:Prokinetoplastida
10230:Psalteriomonadidae
10220:Paravahlkampfiidae
9409:
9405:
8696:Category:Amoebozoa
8319:Columellomycetidae
8199:Lucisporomycetidae
8069:(true slime molds)
8066:
8062:
8031:Schizoplasmodiidae
7894:
7890:
7580:Cylindrifflugiidae
7434:Cryptodifflugiidae
7098:Mississippiellidae
7093:Bipseudostomatidae
7076:
7072:
6998:
6994:
6411:Coleochaetophyceae
5791:
5787:
5715:
5711:
5162:Periplast/pellicle
4885:Periplast/pellicle
4825:Cruciform division
3910:Pathog Glob Health
3393:, vol. 3, p. 621,
3082:Pelomyxa palustris
2112:in the supergroup
2075:Entamoeba invadens
1915:can cause amoebic
1880:
1869:of the pathogenic
1794:Pseudomastigamoeba
1031:(formerly part of
850:
840:
753:
710:Pelomyxa palustris
615:Massisteria voersi
590:Pelomyxa palustris
568:Massisteria voersi
563:
514:
322:
83:
27:Cellular body type
11422:
11421:
11418:
11417:
11414:
11413:
11410:
11409:
11406:
11405:
11402:
11401:
11387:Simplicimonadidae
11357:Honigbergiellidae
11242:
11241:
11160:Carpediemonadidae
11091:
11090:
11081:Streblomastigidae
11039:Paratrimastigidae
11035:Paratrimastigida
11002:
11001:
10998:
10997:
10994:
10993:
10953:
10952:
10949:
10948:
10889:
10888:
10885:
10884:
10881:
10880:
10877:
10876:
10873:
10872:
10853:Euglenamorphaceae
10826:Euglenomonadaceae
10822:Euglenomonadales
10576:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10477:Prokinetoplastina
10401:
10400:
10337:
10336:
10333:
10332:
10329:
10328:
10319:Stephanopogonidae
10187:Neovahlkampfiidae
10183:Neovahlkampfiida
10144:
10143:
10134:Pharyngomonadidae
10130:Pharyngomonadida
10124:Pharyngomonadidea
10090:
10089:
10086:
10085:
10082:
10081:
10044:
10043:
10040:
10039:
9810:
9809:
9793:heliozoan amoebae
9785:amoeboflagellates
9749:Labyrinthomyxidae
9723:
9722:
9719:
9718:
9715:
9714:
9711:
9710:
9668:Globigerinitoidea
9519:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9395:
9394:
9391:
9390:
9354:
9353:
9267:
9266:
9263:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9255:
9254:
9251:
9250:
9247:
9246:
9243:
9242:
9178:Phaeogymnocellida
9155:
9154:
9151:
9150:
9087:
9086:
9074:Paracercomonadida
9030:
9029:
8965:
8964:
8704:
8703:
8515:
8514:
8511:
8510:
8507:
8506:
8503:
8502:
8499:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8457:Lamprodermataceae
8398:Clastodermataceae
8375:
8374:
8313:
8312:
8309:
8308:
8237:
8236:
8176:Protosporangiidae
8157:
8156:
7880:
7879:
7830:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7721:
7720:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7515:Hyalospheniformes
7354:Pseudawerintzewia
7347:Protocucurbitella
6950:Trichosphaeriidae
6770:
6769:
6735:
6734:
6671:Spironematellidae
6652:Meteora sporadica
6607:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6536:
6535:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6362:Prasinodermophyta
6298:
6297:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6109:
6108:
5945:Centroplasthelida
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5781:
5780:
5705:
5704:
5480:
5479:
5377:Microbial ecology
5363:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5336:Eyespot apparatus
4966:
4965:
4948:Choanoflagellates
4932:
4931:
4893:
4892:
4833:
4832:
4800:
4799:
4666:
4665:
4588:
4587:
4523:
4522:
4187:(1715): 2081–90.
3490:978-0-7876-4370-6
3417:Biology of Amoeba
3232:978-0-12-741550-5
2924:on 18 August 2016
2709:Biology of Amoeba
2615:978-0-12-373621-5
2545:. 12 April 2013.
2249:. Microscopy-UK.
2183:978-0-470-03545-0
1904:Naegleria fowleri
1832:
1831:
1138:(Dactylamoeba),
1116:Protoacanthamoeba
990:. Some, like the
894:coined the term "
761:white blood cells
737:
736:
698:Chaos carolinense
627:Naegleria fowleri
596:Chaos carolinense
571:is just 2.3 to 3
293:amoebic dysentery
282:Naegleria fowleri
270:Chaos carolinense
227:amoeboid movement
16:(Redirected from
11472:
11284:Staurojoeninidae
11253:
11252:
11232:Retortamonadidae
11155:Carpediemonadida
11130:
11129:
11108:
11107:
11097:
11096:
11076:Saccinobaculidae
11024:
11023:
11015:
11014:
10969:
10968:
10962:
10961:
10924:
10923:
10915:
10914:
10906:
10905:
10902:
10901:
10858:Euglenocapsaceae
10742:Heteronemataceae
10738:Heteronematales
10717:
10716:
10587:
10586:
10562:Trypanosomatidae
10523:Rhynchomonadidae
10487:Ichthyobodonidae
10456:
10455:
10412:
10411:
10359:
10358:
10350:
10349:
10314:Percolomonadidae
10225:Plaesiobystridae
10202:
10201:
10153:
10152:
10121:
10120:
10114:
10113:
10103:
10102:
10074:Tsukubamonadidae
10062:
10061:
10053:
10052:
9995:
9994:
9986:
9985:
9979:
9978:
9975:
9974:
9879:
9859:
9837:
9830:
9823:
9814:
9813:
9602:Silicoloculinida
9536:
9535:
9532:
9525:
9524:
9429:
9428:
9425:
9418:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9410:
9401:
9400:
9381:Plasmodiophorida
9291:
9290:
9284:
9283:
9280:
9273:
9272:
9161:
9160:
9138:Thaumatomonadida
9126:
9125:
9093:
9092:
9057:
9056:
9047:
9046:
9043:
9036:
9035:
8989:
8988:
8982:
8981:
8978:
8971:
8970:
8886:
8885:
8876:
8875:
8872:
8863:
8862:
8774:
8754:
8731:
8724:
8717:
8708:
8707:
8694:
8693:
8621:Pseudothecamoeba
8390:Clastodermatales
8386:
8385:
8367:Echinosteliaceae
8355:
8354:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8248:
8247:
8217:
8216:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8195:
8194:
8191:
8163:Protosporangiida
8135:Dictyosteliaceae
8130:Raperosteliaceae
8095:
8094:
8075:
8074:
8071:
8070:
8058:
8057:
7899:
7898:
7895:
7886:
7885:
7850:
7849:
7841:
7840:
7732:
7731:
7650:
7649:
7623:
7622:
7544:Distomatopyxidae
7453:
7452:
7449:
7444:
7443:
7413:Microchlamyiidae
7340:Protoplagiopyxis
7305:Planhoogenraadia
7081:
7080:
7077:
7068:
7067:
7003:
7002:
6999:
6990:
6989:
6933:
6932:
6839:
6819:
6797:
6790:
6783:
6774:
6773:
6717:Collodictyonidae
6663:Hemimastigophora
6659:
6658:
6618:
6489:
6488:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6468:
6467:
6417:Zygnematophyceae
6375:
6374:
6355:
6339:
6338:
6309:
6308:
6256:
6255:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6234:
6233:
6120:
6119:
6049:
6048:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5990:
5989:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5960:
5959:
5933:
5932:
5920:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5863:Choanoflagellata
5838:
5837:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5550:
5530:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5484:
5483:
5351:Mastigont system
5304:
5229:
5206:
5195:Gliding motility
5173:
5110:
5055:/plektenchymatic
5011:Amoeboflagellate
4984:
4975:
4974:
4951:
4943:
4942:
4912:
4904:
4903:
4878:
4852:
4844:
4843:
4818:
4811:
4810:
4775:
4739:
4708:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4646:
4625:
4604:
4599:
4598:
4568:
4542:
4534:
4533:
4503:
4477:
4441:
4434:
4433:
4425:
4424:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4215:
4214:
4204:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4061:
4051:
4019:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3989:
3957:
3944:
3943:
3933:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3793:
3783:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3708:
3702:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3482:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3420:
3410:
3404:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3338:
3332:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3220:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3185:
3183:10.1038/35035159
3153:
3147:
3146:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2980:Arcella vulgaris
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2920:. Archived from
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2796:on 9 August 2016
2792:. Archived from
2782:
2776:
2775:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2712:
2702:
2696:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2603:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2395:(7): 3879–3883.
2380:
2371:
2370:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2245:Wim van Egmond.
2242:
2236:
2235:
2234:on 10 June 2009.
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2171:
2161:
2155:
2142:
2039:is expressed in
1895:is the cause of
1727:
1726:
1005:
1004:
795:Zygnematophyceae
733:
732:
674:Arcella vulgaris
602:
601:
463:osmotic pressure
405:
396:
335:pushing out the
174:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
134:(less commonly,
129:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
21:
11480:
11479:
11475:
11474:
11473:
11471:
11470:
11469:
11425:
11424:
11423:
11398:
11367:Trichomonadidae
11362:Tricercomitidae
11316:Cristamonadida
11300:
11294:Trichonymphidae
11289:Teratonymphidae
11238:
11227:Chilomastigidae
11217:Retortamonadida
11166:
11147:Carpediemonadea
11141:
11119:
11104:
11087:
11011:
10990:
10981:Ancyromonadidae
10945:
10941:Malawimonadidae
10898:
10869:
10799:
10768:
10708:
10683:
10662:
10656:Sphenomonadidae
10646:Sphenomonadidae
10611:
10605:Sphenomonadidae
10600:Petalomonadidae
10596:Petalomonadida
10568:
10557:Trypanosomatida
10498:
10472:
10468:Trypanophididae
10463:Bordnamonadidae
10445:
10434:Eupelagonemidae
10397:
10346:
10325:
10299:Percolomonadida
10236:
10193:
10177:Neovahlkampfiea
10172:
10140:
10110:
10099:
10078:
10066:Tsukubamonadida
10036:
9971:
9962:
9961:
9877:
9855:
9846:
9841:
9811:
9806:
9789:testate amoebae
9758:
9707:
9672:
9651:Globotruncanida
9611:
9572:
9528:
9511:
9478:
9474:Symphyacanthida
9445:
9421:
9404:
9387:
9350:
9326:Claustrosporida
9312:
9276:
9239:
9147:
9124:
9083:
9039:
9026:
9008:
8974:
8961:
8938:
8905:
8866:
8857:
8856:
8772:
8750:
8741:
8735:
8705:
8700:
8682:
8483:
8467:Kelleromyxaceae
8443:
8434:Stemonitidaceae
8420:
8416:Meridermataceae
8402:
8371:
8359:Echinosteliales
8350:Echinosteliidia
8344:
8322:
8321:
8305:
8282:
8264:
8260:Reticulariaceae
8233:
8203:(bright-spored)
8202:
8201:
8189:
8188:
8180:
8153:
8122:Dictyosteliales
8116:
8112:Acytosteliaceae
8093:
8068:
8067:
8061:
8052:
8036:Soliformoviidae
8021:Fractovitellida
7941:
7889:
7876:
7822:
7799:
7776:
7753:
7717:
7694:
7690:Cochliopodiidae
7671:
7662:Acanthamoebidae
7639:
7584:
7573:Cylindrothecina
7568:
7539:Cucurbitellidae
7527:
7523:Hyalospheniidae
7509:
7493:
7472:
7447:
7438:
7417:
7401:
7277:Paracentropyxis
7214:Lagenodifflugia
7071:
7062:
7058:Hartmannellidae
7034:
7030:Gephyramoebidae
6993:
6984:
6961:
6957:Microcoryciidae
6922:
6921:
6837:
6815:
6806:
6801:
6771:
6766:
6731:
6703:
6694:Ancyromonadidae
6680:
6657:
6612:
6599:
6590:Malawimonadidae
6576:
6532:
6507:
6471:
6430:
6373:
6346:
6345:
6337:
6294:
6269:
6237:
6208:
6161:
6133:
6105:
6068:
6038:
5993:
5984:
5963:
5954:
5931:
5916:
5875:
5849:
5827:
5786:
5777:
5741:
5736:
5710:
5701:
5646:
5633:
5632:
5548:
5526:
5517:
5511:
5481:
5476:
5369:
5355:
5302:
5297:
5227:
5222:
5204:
5199:
5171:
5166:
5107:
5104:
5099:
4981:
4978:
4962:
4946:
4928:
4907:
4889:
4873:
4868:
4847:
4829:
4814:
4796:
4770:
4765:
4734:
4729:
4705:Dinoflagellates
4703:
4698:
4680:
4662:
4641:
4636:
4620:
4615:
4602:
4584:
4563:
4558:
4537:
4519:
4498:
4493:
4472:
4467:
4437:
4416:
4337:classifications
4336:
4330:
4317:
4259:
4224:
4222:Further reading
4219:
4218:
4181:Proc. Biol. Sci
4173:
4169:
4130:
4126:
4093:(7): e1001013.
4079:
4075:
4020:
4013:
3972:(9): e0139399.
3958:
3947:
3902:
3898:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3833:livescience.com
3825:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3722:Wayback Machine
3709:
3705:
3699:Wayback Machine
3686:
3682:
3650:
3643:
3598:
3594:
3577:
3573:
3562:
3558:
3541:
3537:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3506:
3491:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3411:
3407:
3401:Wayback Machine
3388:
3384:
3369:
3339:
3335:
3330:Wayback Machine
3317:
3313:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3211:
3207:
3154:
3150:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2944:"Microscopy of
2942:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2816:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2703:
2699:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2486:Wayback Machine
2473:Jan Pawlowski:
2472:
2463:
2432:
2428:
2381:
2374:
2327:
2323:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2239:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2162:
2158:
2152:Wayback Machine
2143:
2139:
2134:
1955:
1877:red blood cells
1860:
1822:Trimastigamoeba
1729:
1724:
1723:
1464:Paravahlkampfia
1091:Trichosphaerium
1000:
959:
881:C. G. Ehrenberg
828:
823:
821:Amoebae as taxa
742:
730:
728:
552:
499:
428:
427:
426:
425:
408:
407:
406:
398:
397:
337:plasma membrane
310:
291:, which causes
248:flow. However,
223:Microbiologists
193:taxonomic group
179:, is a type of
151:
147:
94:
90:
56:Actinophrys sol
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11478:
11468:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11455:Microorganisms
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11420:
11419:
11416:
11415:
11412:
11411:
11408:
11407:
11404:
11403:
11400:
11399:
11397:
11396:
11395:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11377:Dientamoebidae
11371:
11370:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11352:Trichomonadida
11349:
11348:
11347:
11339:
11338:
11337:
11329:
11328:
11327:
11325:Devescovinidae
11322:
11314:
11312:Hexamastigidae
11308:
11306:
11302:
11301:
11299:
11298:
11297:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11274:Hoplonymphidae
11271:
11269:Burmanymphidae
11263:Trichonymphida
11259:
11257:
11250:
11244:
11243:
11240:
11239:
11237:
11236:
11235:
11234:
11229:
11224:
11222:Caviomonadidae
11214:
11213:
11212:
11202:
11201:
11200:
11195:
11193:Spironucleidae
11190:
11185:
11174:
11172:
11168:
11167:
11165:
11164:
11163:
11162:
11151:
11149:
11143:
11142:
11140:
11139:
11133:
11127:
11121:
11120:
11118:
11117:
11115:Anaeramoebidae
11111:
11105:
11100:
11093:
11092:
11089:
11088:
11086:
11085:
11084:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11071:Pyrsonymphidae
11068:
11066:Polymastigidae
11063:
11053:
11052:
11051:
11043:
11042:
11041:
11032:
11030:
11021:
11012:
11007:
11004:
11003:
11000:
10999:
10996:
10995:
10992:
10991:
10989:
10988:
10986:Planomonadidae
10983:
10977:
10975:
10973:Ancyromonadida
10966:
10959:
10955:
10954:
10951:
10950:
10947:
10946:
10944:
10943:
10938:
10932:
10930:
10928:Malawimonadida
10921:
10912:
10899:
10894:
10891:
10890:
10887:
10886:
10883:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10875:
10874:
10871:
10870:
10868:
10867:
10866:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10840:
10839:
10838:
10830:
10829:
10828:
10820:
10819:
10818:
10809:
10807:
10805:Euglenophyceae
10801:
10800:
10798:
10797:
10796:
10795:
10793:Peranemataceae
10787:
10786:
10785:
10776:
10774:
10770:
10769:
10767:
10766:
10765:
10764:
10762:Neometanemidae
10759:
10754:
10746:
10745:
10744:
10736:
10735:
10734:
10723:
10721:
10714:
10710:
10709:
10707:
10706:
10699:
10691:
10689:
10685:
10684:
10682:
10681:
10680:
10679:
10677:Entosiphonidae
10673:Entosiphonida
10670:
10668:
10664:
10663:
10661:
10660:
10659:
10658:
10650:
10649:
10648:
10642:Heterostavida
10640:
10639:
10638:
10636:Lentomonadidae
10633:
10628:
10619:
10617:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10602:
10593:
10591:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10574:
10573:
10570:
10569:
10567:
10566:
10565:
10564:
10554:
10553:
10552:
10542:
10541:
10540:
10535:
10527:
10526:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10506:
10504:
10500:
10499:
10497:
10496:
10495:
10494:
10489:
10480:
10478:
10474:
10473:
10471:
10470:
10465:
10459:
10453:
10447:
10446:
10444:
10443:
10442:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10420:
10418:
10409:
10403:
10402:
10399:
10398:
10396:
10395:
10394:
10393:
10388:
10378:
10377:
10376:
10367:
10365:
10356:
10347:
10342:
10339:
10338:
10335:
10334:
10331:
10330:
10327:
10326:
10324:
10323:
10322:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10296:
10295:
10294:
10286:
10285:
10284:
10282:Vahlkampfiidae
10276:
10275:
10274:
10269:
10259:
10258:
10257:
10246:
10244:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10234:
10233:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10208:
10206:
10199:
10195:
10194:
10192:
10191:
10190:
10189:
10180:
10178:
10174:
10173:
10171:
10170:
10169:
10168:
10159:
10157:
10150:
10146:
10145:
10142:
10141:
10139:
10138:
10137:
10136:
10127:
10125:
10118:
10117:Pharyngomonada
10111:
10106:
10100:
10095:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10087:
10084:
10083:
10080:
10079:
10077:
10076:
10070:
10068:
10059:
10050:
10046:
10045:
10042:
10041:
10038:
10037:
10035:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10003:
10001:
9992:
9983:
9972:
9967:
9964:
9963:
9960:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9956:
9955:
9952:Mesomycetozoea
9949:
9944:
9934:
9924:
9923:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9901:
9900:
9888:Diaphoretickes
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9852:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9840:
9839:
9832:
9825:
9817:
9808:
9807:
9805:
9804:
9797:sporozoan-like
9773:
9770:
9763:
9760:
9759:
9757:
9756:
9754:Rhizoplasmidae
9751:
9746:
9744:Gymnosphaerida
9741:
9733:
9731:
9729:Incertae sedis
9725:
9724:
9721:
9720:
9717:
9716:
9713:
9712:
9709:
9708:
9706:
9705:
9700:
9693:
9688:
9682:
9680:
9678:Incertae sedis
9674:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9665:
9663:Guembelitriida
9659:
9657:Heterohelicida
9653:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9621:
9619:
9613:
9612:
9610:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9582:
9580:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9570:
9563:
9557:
9555:Xenophyophorea
9552:
9545:
9543:
9533:
9521:
9520:
9517:
9516:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9488:
9486:
9480:
9479:
9477:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9464:Chaunocanthida
9461:
9459:Arthracanthida
9455:
9453:
9447:
9446:
9444:
9443:
9437:
9435:
9426:
9411:
9397:
9396:
9393:
9392:
9389:
9388:
9386:
9385:
9384:
9383:
9378:
9368:
9362:
9360:
9356:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9349:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9322:
9320:
9314:
9313:
9311:
9310:
9305:
9299:
9297:
9288:
9281:
9269:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9261:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9253:
9252:
9249:
9248:
9245:
9244:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9237:
9235:Ventricleftida
9232:
9227:
9226:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9207:
9206:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9188:Phaeosphaerida
9185:
9180:
9169:
9167:
9157:
9156:
9153:
9152:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9145:
9140:
9134:
9132:
9123:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9110:Spongomonadida
9107:
9101:
9099:
9089:
9088:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9064:Glissomonadida
9060:
9054:
9044:
9032:
9031:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9024:
9018:
9016:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9006:
9001:
8995:
8993:
8986:
8979:
8967:
8966:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8959:
8954:
8952:Chlorarachnida
8948:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8924:Desmothoracida
8921:
8915:
8913:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8903:
8898:
8892:
8890:
8883:
8880:Reticulofilosa
8873:
8859:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8850:
8847:Mesomycetozoea
8844:
8839:
8829:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8783:Diaphoretickes
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8747:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8740:classification
8734:
8733:
8726:
8719:
8711:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8698:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8673:
8666:
8659:
8652:
8645:
8638:
8635:Schoutedamoeba
8631:
8624:
8617:
8614:Penardochlamys
8610:
8603:
8596:
8589:
8582:
8575:
8568:
8561:
8554:
8547:
8540:
8533:
8525:
8523:
8521:incertae sedis
8517:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8493:
8492:
8489:
8488:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8481:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8453:
8451:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8439:Comatrichaceae
8436:
8430:
8428:
8426:Stemonitidales
8422:
8421:
8419:
8418:
8412:
8410:
8408:Meridermatales
8404:
8403:
8401:
8400:
8394:
8392:
8383:
8377:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8369:
8363:
8361:
8352:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8342:
8336:
8334:
8325:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8298:
8292:
8290:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8280:
8274:
8272:
8266:
8265:
8263:
8262:
8256:
8254:
8252:Reticulariales
8245:
8239:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8231:
8225:
8223:
8214:
8205:
8192:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8171:Ceratiomyxidae
8167:
8165:
8159:
8158:
8155:
8154:
8152:
8151:
8144:
8141:Coremiostelium
8137:
8132:
8126:
8124:
8118:
8117:
8115:
8114:
8109:
8107:Cavenderiaceae
8103:
8101:
8099:Acytosteliales
8092:
8091:
8083:
8081:
8072:
8054:
8053:
8051:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8001:
7994:
7987:
7980:
7973:
7966:
7959:
7951:
7949:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7939:
7932:
7925:
7918:
7913:
7911:Mastigamoebida
7907:
7905:
7896:
7882:
7881:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7872:Squamamoebidae
7869:
7864:
7858:
7856:
7847:
7838:
7832:
7831:
7828:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7818:Vexilliferidae
7815:
7809:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7786:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7763:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7740:
7738:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7710:
7704:
7702:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7681:
7679:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7658:
7656:
7647:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7637:
7631:
7629:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7610:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7576:
7574:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7566:
7564:Trigonopyxidae
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7535:
7533:
7532:Sphaerothecina
7529:
7528:
7526:
7525:
7519:
7517:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7501:
7499:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7491:
7486:
7480:
7478:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7463:Lesquereusidae
7459:
7457:
7450:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7429:Phryganellidae
7425:
7423:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7378:
7371:
7364:
7357:
7350:
7343:
7336:
7333:Proplagiopyxis
7329:
7322:
7315:
7308:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7280:
7273:
7266:
7259:
7252:
7245:
7238:
7231:
7228:Lamptoquadrula
7224:
7217:
7210:
7203:
7196:
7189:
7186:Geoplagiopyxis
7182:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7154:
7151:Ellipsopyxella
7147:
7140:
7133:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7089:
7087:
7085:incertae sedis
7078:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7044:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7011:
7009:
7000:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6975:Echinamoebidae
6971:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6959:
6954:
6953:
6952:
6941:
6939:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6912:Mesomycetozoea
6909:
6904:
6894:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6848:Diaphoretickes
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6800:
6799:
6792:
6785:
6777:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6758:
6751:
6747:excluded from
6740:
6737:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6713:
6711:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6699:Planomonadidae
6696:
6690:
6688:
6686:Ancyromonadida
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6676:Paramastigidae
6673:
6667:
6665:
6656:
6655:
6648:
6642:
6636:
6628:
6621:
6619:
6615:Incertae sedis
6609:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6586:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6546:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6498:
6492:
6486:
6477:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6420:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6391:
6383:
6381:
6372:
6371:
6364:
6358:
6356:
6336:
6335:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6312:
6306:
6304:Archaeplastida
6300:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6279:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6259:
6253:
6244:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6171:
6169:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6123:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6095:Dinoflagellata
6091:
6089:Chrompodellida
6086:
6078:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6009:
6000:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5941:
5939:
5930:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5918:Diaphoretickes
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5865:
5859:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5793:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5746:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5677:
5672:
5666:
5664:
5651:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5623:Mesomycetozoea
5620:
5615:
5605:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5559:Diaphoretickes
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:classification
5510:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5487:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5373:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5111:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5079:Siphonocladous
5077:
5069:
5062:Multinucleated
5059:
5056:
5050:
5048:Parenchymatous
5045:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4987:
4985:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4849:Kinetoplastids
4841:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4742:
4740:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4685:
4683:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4515:Phycobilisomes
4512:
4510:Pit connection
4506:
4504:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4489:Phycobilisomes
4486:
4480:
4478:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4444:
4442:
4439:Chloroplastida
4431:
4429:Archaeplastida
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4351:
4340:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4273:. Penard Labs.
4267:
4262:Siemensma, F.
4258:
4257:External links
4255:
4254:
4253:
4242:
4236:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4167:
4124:
4073:
4011:
3945:
3896:
3845:
3819:
3805:
3774:(2): 413–433.
3754:
3745:
3735:
3726:
3703:
3680:
3661:(2): 265–283.
3641:
3592:
3571:
3556:
3535:
3514:
3504:
3489:
3467:
3458:
3437:
3430:
3405:
3382:
3367:
3333:
3311:
3290:10.3852/13-153
3268:
3238:
3231:
3205:
3148:
3121:(4): 491–509.
3105:
3088:www.arcella.nl
3071:
3054:www.arcella.nl
3037:
3020:www.arcella.nl
3014:Amoeba proteus
3003:
2986:www.arcella.nl
2969:
2935:
2918:www.arcella.nl
2901:
2871:
2845:
2807:
2777:
2750:(4): 299–310.
2730:
2723:
2697:
2680:
2671:
2664:
2646:
2640:978-0198585022
2639:
2621:
2614:
2594:Margulis, Lynn
2585:
2578:
2560:
2543:Amoeba proteus
2530:
2489:
2461:
2442:(3): 365–376.
2426:
2372:
2337:(4): 491–509.
2321:
2284:(1): 108–115.
2264:
2237:
2219:
2189:
2182:
2156:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2098:E. histolytica
2067:E. histolytica
2047:E. histolytica
1954:
1951:
1937:
1936:
1924:
1908:
1900:
1884:pathogenically
1875:with ingested
1859:
1856:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1748:Flagellipodium
1731:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1694:Micronuclearia
1687:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1657:Dinoflagellata
1652:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1539:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1503:
1476:Psalteriomonas
1470:Protonaegleria
1458:Paratetramitus
1452:Neovahlkampfia
1440:Monopylocystis
1435:Vahlkampfiidae
1422:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1392:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1253:incertae sedis
1250:
1249:
1248:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
999:
998:Classification
996:
958:
955:
892:Félix Dujardin
858:Amoeba proteus
847:Amoeba proteus
827:
824:
822:
819:
803:Mesomycetozoea
797:) and pennate
784:Dictyosteliida
741:
738:
735:
734:
725:
717:
716:
713:
705:
704:
701:
693:
692:
689:
686:Amoeba proteus
681:
680:
677:
669:
668:
665:
657:
656:
653:
645:
644:
641:
634:
633:
630:
622:
621:
618:
610:
609:
606:
577:xenophyophores
551:
548:
498:
495:
419:testate amoeba
410:
409:
400:
399:
391:
390:
389:
388:
387:
333:microfilaments
309:
306:
276:Amoeba proteus
258:common descent
207:, but also in
50:Amoeba proteus
32:Amoeba (genus)
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11477:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11360:
11358:
11355:
11354:
11353:
11350:
11346:
11343:
11342:
11340:
11336:
11333:
11332:
11330:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11320:Calonymphidae
11318:
11317:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11309:
11307:
11305:Trichomonadea
11303:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11266:
11265:
11264:
11261:
11260:
11258:
11256:Trichonymphea
11254:
11251:
11249:
11245:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11219:
11218:
11215:
11211:
11208:
11207:
11206:
11203:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11180:
11179:
11178:Diplomonadida
11176:
11175:
11173:
11169:
11161:
11158:
11157:
11156:
11153:
11152:
11150:
11148:
11144:
11138:
11135:
11134:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11122:
11116:
11113:
11112:
11109:
11106:
11103:
11098:
11094:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11058:
11057:
11054:
11050:
11049:Trimastigidae
11047:
11046:
11045:Trimastigida
11044:
11040:
11037:
11036:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11029:
11028:Anaeromonadea
11025:
11022:
11020:
11016:
11013:
11010:
11005:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10978:
10976:
10974:
10970:
10967:
10963:
10960:
10956:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10929:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10919:Malawimonadea
10916:
10913:
10911:
10907:
10903:
10900:
10897:
10892:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10845:
10844:
10841:
10837:
10836:Eutreptiaceae
10834:
10833:
10832:Eutreptiales
10831:
10827:
10824:
10823:
10821:
10817:
10814:
10813:
10811:
10810:
10808:
10806:
10802:
10794:
10791:
10790:
10789:Peranematida
10788:
10784:
10783:Teloproctidae
10781:
10780:
10779:Acroglissida
10778:
10777:
10775:
10771:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10748:Natomonadida
10747:
10743:
10740:
10739:
10737:
10733:
10730:
10729:
10728:
10725:
10724:
10722:
10718:
10715:
10711:
10705:
10704:
10700:
10698:
10697:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10686:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10672:
10671:
10669:
10665:
10657:
10654:
10653:
10651:
10647:
10644:
10643:
10641:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10620:
10618:
10614:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10597:
10595:
10594:
10592:
10590:Petalomonadea
10588:
10585:
10583:
10579:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10558:
10555:
10551:
10548:
10547:
10546:
10543:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10533:Parabodonidae
10531:
10530:
10529:Parabodonida
10528:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10513:Allobodonidae
10511:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10505:
10501:
10493:
10492:Perkinselidae
10490:
10488:
10485:
10484:
10482:
10481:
10479:
10475:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10460:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10451:Kinetoplastea
10448:
10440:
10439:Hemistasiidae
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10426:
10425:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10417:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10404:
10392:
10391:Postgaardidae
10389:
10387:
10384:
10383:
10382:
10379:
10375:
10372:
10371:
10369:
10368:
10366:
10364:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10351:
10348:
10345:
10340:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10301:
10300:
10297:
10293:
10290:
10289:
10287:
10283:
10280:
10279:
10277:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10263:
10260:
10256:
10253:
10252:
10251:
10248:
10247:
10245:
10243:
10242:Heterolobosea
10239:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10215:Gruberellidae
10213:
10212:
10211:Lyromonadida
10210:
10209:
10207:
10203:
10200:
10196:
10188:
10185:
10184:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10175:
10167:
10166:Selenaionidae
10164:
10163:
10162:Selenaionida
10161:
10160:
10158:
10154:
10151:
10147:
10135:
10132:
10131:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10122:
10119:
10115:
10112:
10109:
10104:
10101:
10098:
10097:Discicristata
10093:
10075:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10067:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10054:
10051:
10049:Tsukubamonada
10047:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10022:Moramonadidae
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10004:
10002:
10000:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9987:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9973:
9970:
9965:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9939:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9929:
9928:
9925:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9915:Stramenopiles
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9899:
9896:
9895:
9894:
9891:
9890:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9878:(major groups
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9858:
9854:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9838:
9833:
9831:
9826:
9824:
9819:
9818:
9815:
9802:
9798:
9794:
9790:
9786:
9782:
9778:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9765:
9764:
9761:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9730:
9726:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9698:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9679:
9675:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9660:
9658:
9654:
9652:
9648:
9646:
9645:Globigerinida
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9620:
9618:
9617:Globothalamea
9614:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9579:
9575:
9569:
9568:
9564:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9537:
9534:
9531:
9526:
9522:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9489:
9487:
9485:
9481:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9456:
9454:
9452:
9448:
9442:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9433:Sticholonchea
9430:
9427:
9424:
9419:
9415:
9412:
9408:
9402:
9398:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9373:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9361:
9357:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9323:
9321:
9319:
9315:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9300:
9298:
9296:
9292:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9279:
9274:
9270:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9230:Tectofilosida
9228:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9204:
9203:Phaeoconchida
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9166:
9162:
9158:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9130:Silicofilosea
9127:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9102:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9080:
9079:Cercomonadida
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9055:
9052:
9048:
9045:
9042:
9037:
9033:
9023:
9020:
9019:
9017:
9015:
9011:
9005:
9004:Metromonadida
9002:
9000:
8997:
8996:
8994:
8990:
8987:
8983:
8980:
8977:
8972:
8968:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8944:Chlorarachnea
8941:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8929:Leucodictyida
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8912:
8908:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8887:
8884:
8881:
8877:
8874:
8870:
8864:
8860:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8834:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8823:
8820:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8810:Stramenopiles
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8790:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8773:(major groups
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8753:
8749:
8748:
8744:
8739:
8732:
8727:
8725:
8720:
8718:
8713:
8712:
8709:
8697:
8689:
8688:
8685:
8679:
8678:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8660:
8658:
8657:
8653:
8651:
8650:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8632:
8630:
8629:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8618:
8616:
8615:
8611:
8609:
8608:
8604:
8602:
8601:
8600:Oscillosignum
8597:
8595:
8594:
8590:
8588:
8587:
8583:
8581:
8580:
8579:Malpighamoeba
8576:
8574:
8573:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8562:
8560:
8559:
8555:
8553:
8552:
8548:
8546:
8545:
8541:
8539:
8538:
8534:
8532:
8531:
8527:
8526:
8524:
8522:
8518:
8480:
8479:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8427:
8423:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8405:
8399:
8396:
8395:
8393:
8391:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8378:
8368:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8360:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8347:
8341:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8333:
8329:
8326:
8323:(dark-spored)
8320:
8316:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8296:Dianemataceae
8294:
8293:
8291:
8289:
8285:
8279:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8267:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8253:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8240:
8230:
8229:Cribrariaceae
8227:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8209:
8206:
8200:
8196:
8193:
8190:(Myxomycetes)
8187:
8183:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8166:
8164:
8160:
8150:
8149:
8145:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8123:
8119:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8090:
8089:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8076:
8073:
8065:
8059:
8055:
8049:
8048:Holomastigida
8046:
8044:
8041:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8016:Protosteliida
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8006:
8005:Phalansterium
8002:
8000:
7999:
7995:
7993:
7992:
7988:
7986:
7985:
7981:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7972:
7971:
7970:Darbyshirella
7967:
7965:
7964:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7944:
7938:
7937:
7933:
7931:
7930:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7900:
7897:
7893:
7887:
7883:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7867:Sapocribridae
7865:
7863:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7805:Dactylopodida
7802:
7796:
7795:Discamoebidae
7793:
7791:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7783:
7779:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7767:Dermamoebidae
7765:
7764:
7762:
7760:
7756:
7750:
7749:Thecamoebidae
7747:
7745:
7744:Stenamoebidae
7742:
7741:
7739:
7737:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7697:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7685:Parvamoebidae
7683:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7677:Himatismenida
7674:
7668:
7667:Balamuthiidae
7665:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7654:Acanthopodida
7651:
7648:
7646:
7642:
7636:
7635:Stygamoebidae
7633:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7581:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7571:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7530:
7524:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7512:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7496:
7490:
7489:Plagiopyxidae
7487:
7485:
7484:Centropyxidae
7482:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7445:
7441:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7422:Phryganellina
7420:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7398:
7397:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7386:
7384:
7383:
7382:Suiadifflugia
7379:
7377:
7376:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7363:
7362:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7351:
7349:
7348:
7344:
7342:
7341:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7316:
7314:
7313:
7309:
7307:
7306:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7295:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7256:Microquadrula
7253:
7251:
7250:
7249:Meisterfeldia
7246:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7190:
7188:
7187:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7162:
7160:
7159:
7155:
7153:
7152:
7148:
7146:
7145:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7125:
7124:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7065:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7048:Nolandellidae
7046:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7025:Flabellulidae
7023:
7021:
7020:Rhizamoebidae
7018:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6987:
6981:
6980:Vermamoebidae
6978:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6967:Echinamoebida
6964:
6958:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6875:Stramenopiles
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6838:(major groups
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6818:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6798:
6793:
6791:
6786:
6784:
6779:
6778:
6775:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6743:¹traditional
6742:
6741:
6738:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6722:Mantamonadida
6720:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6706:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6610:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6539:
6529:
6528:
6524:
6522:
6521:Heterolobosea
6519:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6513:Discicristata
6510:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6469:
6465:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6352:
6344:
6343:Viridiplantae
6340:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6264:Microheliella
6261:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6235:
6231:
6205:
6204:Actinophryida
6202:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6115:Stramenopiles
6112:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5818:Ichthyosporea
5816:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5765:Rotosphaerida
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5739:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5727:Apusomonadida
5725:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5586:Stramenopiles
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5549:(major groups
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5501:
5496:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5408:Fertilization
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5366:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5276:Pleuromitosis
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5213:Hydrogenosome
5211:
5210:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5087:Multicellular
5085:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4909:Dictyostelids
4905:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4772:Apicomplexans
4768:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4594:Stramenopiles
4591:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4140:(2): 313–29.
4139:
4135:
4128:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4034:(9): e74465.
4033:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4016:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3815:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3749:
3739:
3730:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3707:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3612:(5): 429–93.
3611:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3431:9780123848505
3427:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3409:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3368:9780080586373
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3284:(3): 481–90.
3283:
3279:
3272:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3168:(6803): 470.
3167:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3084:| Microworld"
3083:
3075:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:| Microworld"
3049:
3041:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3016:| Microworld"
3015:
3007:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2982:| Microworld"
2981:
2973:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2914:| Microworld"
2913:
2905:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2812:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2724:9780123848505
2720:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2701:
2694:
2693:0-12-690647-5
2690:
2684:
2675:
2667:
2665:9780815341055
2661:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2581:
2579:9780815341055
2575:
2571:
2564:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2479:(pdf, 570 kB)
2476:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2228:"The Amoebae"
2223:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1772:Oscillosignum
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1691:Nucleariida:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:Xanthophyceae
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:Chrysophyceae
1610:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1591:Heterolobosea
1588:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:Plaesiobystra
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1525:Parabasalidea
1523:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1506:Gruberellidae
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1428:Heterolobosea
1425:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:Pseudosporida
1345:
1344:Aconchulinida
1341:
1340:Proteomyxidea
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:Dictyostelium
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
995:
993:
989:
988:stramenopiles
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
916:Otto Bütschli
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
848:
844:
837:
832:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
788:multinucleate
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
750:
746:
726:
724:
723:
719:
718:
714:
712:
711:
707:
706:
702:
700:
699:
695:
694:
690:
688:
687:
683:
682:
678:
676:
675:
671:
670:
666:
664:
663:
659:
658:
654:
652:
651:
647:
646:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
629:
628:
624:
623:
619:
617:
616:
612:
611:
607:
604:
603:
600:
598:
597:
592:
591:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:
560:
556:
547:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
512:
508:
503:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
423:
420:
416:
415:
404:
395:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:
358:
357:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
319:
316:The forms of
314:
305:
303:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
172:
145:
141:
137:
133:
125:
121:
115:
88:
80:
76:
75:
70:
69:
64:
63:
58:
57:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
11450:Microbiology
11445:Motile cells
11440:Cell biology
11137:Kipferliidae
11061:Oxymonadidae
11019:Anaeromonada
10965:Planomonadea
10732:Anisonemidae
10701:
10694:
10667:Entosiphonea
10631:Keelungiidae
10626:Decastavidae
10622:Decastavida
10518:Neobodonidae
10509:Neobodonida
10429:Diplonemidae
10386:Calkinsiidae
10381:Postgaardida
10374:Bihospitidae
10370:Bihospitida
10278:Tetramitida
10272:Naegleriidae
10267:Tulamoebidae
10198:Eutetramitia
10032:Stygiellidae
10007:Andaluciidae
9937:Opisthokonta
9768:paraphyletic
9738:Lapot gusevi
9736:
9728:
9697:Heterogromia
9695:
9686:Involutinida
9677:
9625:Textulariida
9607:Ammodiscidae
9597:Spirillinida
9578:Tubothalamea
9567:Reticulomyxa
9565:
9560:Astrorhizida
9549:Allogromiida
9540:Monothalamea
9530:Foraminifera
9484:Polycystinea
9469:Holocanthida
9366:Vampyrellida
9331:Haplosporida
9318:Ascetosporea
9308:Reticulosida
9213:Cryomonadida
9198:Phaeogromida
9193:Phaeocalpida
9183:Phaeocystida
9165:Thecofilosea
9120:Variglissida
9115:Marimonadida
9051:Sarcomonadea
9041:Ventrifilosa
8992:Metromonadea
8976:Monadofilosa
8919:Cryptofilida
8911:Granofilosea
8896:Aquavolonida
8832:Opisthokonta
8675:
8668:
8663:Triaenamoeba
8661:
8654:
8647:
8640:
8633:
8626:
8619:
8612:
8605:
8598:
8591:
8586:Microcorycia
8584:
8577:
8570:
8563:
8556:
8549:
8542:
8535:
8530:Belonocystis
8528:
8520:
8478:Tasmaniomyxa
8476:
8381:Stemonitidia
8221:Cribrariales
8146:
8139:
8086:
8079:Dictyostelia
8043:Cavosteliida
8026:Acramoebidae
8003:
7996:
7989:
7982:
7975:
7968:
7961:
7954:
7934:
7927:
7920:
7916:Pelobiontida
7862:Idionectidae
7854:Squamocutida
7813:Paramoebidae
7772:Mayorellidae
7759:Dermamoebida
7736:Thecamoebida
7645:Centramoebia
7627:Stygamoebida
7549:Lamtopyxidae
7505:Heleoperidae
7477:Excentrosoma
7468:Difflugiidae
7456:Longithecina
7406:Organoconcha
7394:
7389:Trigonopyxis
7387:
7380:
7375:Sexangularia
7373:
7368:Schoenbornia
7366:
7361:Pseudonebela
7359:
7352:
7345:
7338:
7331:
7324:
7319:Pontigulasia
7317:
7310:
7303:
7296:
7289:
7284:Paraquadrula
7282:
7275:
7268:
7261:
7254:
7247:
7240:
7235:Leptochlamys
7233:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7205:
7200:Hoogenraadia
7198:
7191:
7184:
7179:Geamphorella
7177:
7170:
7163:
7158:Ellipsopyxis
7156:
7149:
7142:
7137:Conicocassis
7135:
7128:
7121:
7114:
7107:
7103:Shamkiriidae
7084:
7015:Leptomyxidae
6897:Opisthokonta
6760:
6755:paraphyletic
6650:
6631:
6613:
6582:Malawimonada
6562:Anaeromonada
6557:Anaeramoebae
6549:
6525:
6502:Tsukubamonas
6500:
6422:
6415:
6406:Charophyceae
6393:
6386:
6379:Streptophyta
6366:
6350:
6330:
6326:Rhodelphidia
6284:Palpitomonas
6282:
6262:
6251:Pancryptista
6196:
6189:
6126:
6093:
6081:
6061:
6031:
6026:Foraminifera
6024:
5867:
5810:
5804:Tunicaraptor
5802:
5769:
5743:Opisthokonta
5679:
5608:Opisthokonta
5428:Heterotrophy
5398:Reproduction
5273:Orthomitosis
5258:Heterokaryon
5205:Mitochondria
5106:Cell surface
4982:organization
4938:Opisthokonta
4761:Micronucleus
4756:Macronucleus
4658:Pneumatocyst
4474:Glaucophytes
4458:Phragmoplast
4397:Thallophytes
4353:
4324:Protistology
4320:Microbiology
4252:56.1: 16–25.
4249:
4232:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4031:
4027:
3969:
3965:
3916:(4): 193–5.
3913:
3909:
3899:
3862:
3858:
3848:
3836:. Retrieved
3832:
3822:
3808:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3748:
3738:
3729:
3711:
3706:
3688:
3683:
3658:
3654:
3609:
3605:
3595:
3582:Protozoölogy
3581:
3574:
3565:
3559:
3545:
3538:
3524:
3517:
3507:
3478:
3470:
3461:
3447:
3440:
3416:
3408:
3390:
3385:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3319:
3314:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3259:. Retrieved
3250:
3241:
3216:
3208:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3096:. Retrieved
3087:
3081:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3053:
3047:
3040:
3028:. Retrieved
3019:
3013:
3006:
2994:. Retrieved
2985:
2979:
2972:
2960:. Retrieved
2951:
2945:
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2922:the original
2917:
2912:Acanthamoeba
2911:
2904:
2892:. Retrieved
2883:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2848:
2823:
2819:
2798:. Retrieved
2794:the original
2789:
2780:
2747:
2743:
2708:
2700:
2683:
2674:
2655:
2649:
2630:
2624:
2599:
2588:
2569:
2563:
2553:28 September
2551:. Retrieved
2542:
2533:
2523:28 September
2521:. Retrieved
2509:
2506:Protistology
2505:
2492:
2474:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2392:
2388:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2281:
2278:Biology Open
2277:
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2240:
2232:the original
2222:
2212:21 September
2210:. Retrieved
2167:
2159:
2140:
2122:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2022:
2015:
1985:
1978:Acanthamoeba
1976:
1963:
1956:
1944:
1938:
1926:
1921:encephalitis
1912:Acanthamoeba
1910:
1902:
1890:
1881:
1870:
1867:Trophozoites
1840:xanthophytes
1836:chrysophytes
1833:
1821:
1817:
1814:Theratromyxa
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1736:Adelphamoeba
1735:
1698:
1692:
1685:Opisthokonta
1666:
1660:
1629:Rhizochloris
1628:
1620:Rhizochrysis
1619:
1615:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1534:
1528:
1517:Stachyamoeba
1515:
1509:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1426:
1410:Radiolarians
1404:gymnophryids
1400:Foraminifera
1389:vampyrellids
1366:Foraminifera
1352:Reticulosida
1331:
1319:Granofilosea
1317:
1310:
1304:
1300:Monadofilosa
1298:
1290:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1222:Phreatamoeba
1213:Mastigamoeba
1211:
1205:
1195:
1189:
1148:Neoparamoeba
1140:Lingulamoeba
1136:Korotnevella
1112:Acanthamoeba
1110:
1102:
1079:Gephyramoeba
1063:Hartmannella
1026:
1008:Supergroups
1001:
992:Centrohelida
984:opisthokonts
963:monophyletic
960:
935:microtubules
924:
903:
899:
895:
889:
884:
872:
864:
862:
851:
846:
835:
815:Ascetosporea
792:
772:slime moulds
769:
765:phagocytosis
754:
720:
708:
696:
684:
672:
660:
650:Acanthamoeba
648:
625:
613:
595:
589:
566:
564:
559:Foraminifera
537:
529:phagocytosis
526:
522:detritivores
515:
507:phagocytosis
461:To regulate
460:
429:
421:
412:
383:microtubules
367:Foraminifera
360:
354:
344:
323:
299:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
254:monophyletic
246:protoplasmic
231:
221:
176:
143:
139:
135:
131:
123:
119:
86:
84:
72:
66:
62:Acanthamoeba
60:
54:
48:
40:
11248:Parabasalia
11210:Dysnectidae
11198:Hexamitidae
11188:Octomitidae
11171:Eopharyngia
11056:Oxymonadida
10958:Planomonada
10848:Euglenaceae
10757:Distigmidae
10727:Anisonemida
10652:Ploeotiida
10424:Diplonemida
10407:Glycomonada
10363:Postgaardea
10354:Postgaardia
10304:Barbeliidae
10262:Naegleriida
10205:Lyromonadea
10027:Ophirinidae
10012:Histionidae
9801:fungus-like
9777:flagellates
9640:Carterinida
9635:Robertinida
9502:Spumellaria
9497:Nassellaria
9376:Phagomyxida
9359:Proteomyxia
9336:Mikrocytida
8934:Limnofilida
8889:Skiomonadea
8649:Subulamoeba
8628:Rhabdamoeba
8593:Microglomus
8558:Gibbodiscus
8551:Corallomyxa
8472:Physaraceae
8462:Didymiaceae
8301:Trichiaceae
8212:Cribariidia
8186:Myxogastria
8064:Eumycetozoa
8011:Flamellidae
7984:Ischnamoeba
7977:Dictyamoeba
7963:Arboramoeba
7956:Angulamoeba
7936:Rhizomastix
7922:Tricholimax
7903:Archamoebea
7790:Vannellidae
7727:Flabellinia
7554:Netzeliidae
7326:Prantlitina
7221:Lamptopyxis
7165:Erugomicula
7144:Cornuapyxis
7074:Arcellinida
7007:Leptomyxida
6646:Chitinozoan
6572:Parabasalia
6424:Embryophyta
6388:Chlorokybus
6368:Chlorophyta
6316:Glaucophyta
6290:Cryptophyta
6180:Pirsoniales
6147:Bicosoecida
6128:Platysulcus
6101:Perkinsozoa
6083:Apicomplexa
6056:Colponemida
5823:Pluriformea
5692:Archamoebea
5681:Eumycetozoa
5458:Necrotrophy
5443:Saprotrophy
5433:Phagotrophy
5421:Phototrophy
5414:Nutrition:
5403:Life cycles
5394:Development
5368:Ecology and
5236:Nucleomorph
5190:Pseudopodia
4991:Unicellular
4875:Euglenoidea
4859:Kinetoplast
4643:Brown algae
4611:Mastigoneme
4549:Mastigoneme
4539:Cryptophyta
4449:green algae
4407:Slime molds
4277:The Amoebae
3353:: 319–370.
3251:Algae World
2094:E. invadens
2086:trophozoite
2083:uninucleate
2072:Studies of
2057:-dependent
2051:presynaptic
2025:recombinase
1852:flagellated
1818:Trienamoeba
1810:Subulamoeba
1776:Paragocevia
1756:Gibbodiscus
1710:Nucleariids
1616:Chrysamoeba
1605:Heterokonta
1556:Heteramoeba
1530:Dientamoeba
1494:Vahlkampfia
1176:Vexillifera
1156:Platyamoeba
1132:Hollandella
1095:Echinamoeba
1055:Trichamoeba
1014:Morphology
968:supergroups
941:and marine
776:Myxogastria
715:up to 5000
585:microscopic
573:micrometres
540:pinocytosis
520:. Some are
436:gymnamoebae
318:pseudopodia
297:slime mould
11429:Categories
11205:Dysnectida
11183:Giardiidae
11009:Metamonada
10843:Euglenales
10752:Astasiidae
10720:Anisonemea
10416:Diplonemea
10344:Euglenozoa
10149:Tetramitia
10108:Percolozoa
9703:Komokiacea
9587:Fusulinida
9492:Collodaria
9451:Acantharea
9441:Taxopodida
9423:Radiolaria
9371:Phytomyxea
9346:Paramyxida
9341:Paradinida
9173:Phaeodarea
9143:Euglyphida
9097:Imbricatea
9069:Katabiidae
8957:Minorisida
8656:Thecochaos
8642:Stereomyxa
8565:Hartmannia
8449:Physarales
8288:Trichiales
8243:Trichiidia
8148:Synstelium
7991:Heliamoeba
7782:Vannellida
7713:Goceviidae
7708:Pellitidae
7559:Arcellidae
7498:Volnustoma
7396:Wailesella
7312:Pomoriella
7298:Physochila
7291:Pentagonia
7263:Nabranella
7193:Geopyxella
7172:Frenopyxis
7040:Euamoebida
6945:Trichosida
6727:Rigifilida
6626:Acritarchs
6551:Barthelona
6542:Metamonada
6527:Euglenozoa
6395:Mesostigma
6351:sensu lato
6332:Rhodophyta
6191:Ochrophyta
6152:Placidozoa
6063:Ciliophora
6033:Radiolaria
5950:Haptophyta
5845:Filasterea
5757:Holomycota
5472:Auxotrophy
5467:Mixotrophy
5448:Parasitism
5438:Osmotrophy
5416:Autotrophy
5370:physiology
5246:Plasmodium
5172:Locomotion
5108:structures
5072:Coenocytic
4816:Phytomyxea
4787:Apicoplast
4715:Dinokaryon
4694:Trichocyst
4565:Haptophyte
4453:Phycoplast
4421:Morphology
4392:Cryptogams
4087:PLOS Genet
3838:8 November
2512:: 185–90.
2257:23 October
2132:References
2125:eukaryotic
2080:tetraploid
2063:base pairs
1973:eukaryotes
1971:of sexual
1946:Legionella
1923:in humans.
1897:amoebiasis
1854:protozoa.
1838:, part of
1806:Striolatus
1802:Striamoeba
1781:Parvamoeba
1740:Astramoeba
1668:Pfiesteria
1595:flagellate
1568:Stygamoeba
1562:Learamoeba
1536:Histomonas
1511:Gruberella
1500:Willaertia
1488:Tetramitus
1371:Radiolaria
1312:Paulinella
1257:Stereomyxa
1227:Mastigella
1164:Thecamoeba
1128:Clydonella
1124:Discamoeba
1120:Balamuthia
1087:Rhizamoeba
1075:Flabellula
1071:Saccamoeba
1047:Hydramoeba
947:Actinopoda
943:Radiolaria
931:pseudopods
867:(from the
807:sporoplasm
805:, and the
749:Neutrophil
638:Neutrophil
581:pond water
550:Size range
371:Radiolaria
341:Amoebozoan
201:eukaryotic
189:pseudopods
79:neutrophil
11435:Amoeboids
11125:Fornicata
11102:Trichozoa
10863:Phacaceae
10816:Rapazidae
10812:Rapazida
10773:Peranemea
10713:Spirocuta
10582:Euglenida
10550:Bodonidae
10292:Creneidae
10288:Creneida
10255:Acrasidae
10017:Jakobidae
9932:Amoebozoa
9910:Alveolata
9898:Cryptista
9873:Eukaryota
9630:Rotaliida
9592:Miliolida
9295:Gromiidea
9287:Marimyxia
9209:Eothecia
9105:Krakenida
9022:Helkesida
8999:Metopiida
8901:Tremulida
8827:Amoebozoa
8805:Alveolata
8793:Cryptista
8768:Eukaryota
8607:Parmulina
8572:Malamoeba
8278:Liceaceae
7998:Filamoeba
7929:Entamoeba
7700:Pellitida
7242:Maghrebia
7130:Armipyxis
7053:Amoebidae
6937:Corycidia
6928:Tubulinea
6892:Amoebozoa
6870:Alveolata
6858:Cryptista
6833:Eukaryota
6804:Amoebozoa
6567:Fornicata
6473:Excavates
6275:Cryptista
6198:Oomycetes
6175:Developea
6157:Sagenista
6044:Alveolata
5980:Telonemia
5855:Choanozoa
5732:Breviatea
5675:Tubulinea
5662:Amoebozoa
5603:Amoebozoa
5581:Alveolata
5569:Cryptista
5544:Eukaryota
5514:Eukaryote
5453:Biotrophy
5326:Extrusome
5316:Cytostome
5180:Flagellum
5137:Cell wall
5096:/histonal
5076:Siphonous
5067:Syncytial
5035:Coenobial
5031:Sarcinoid
4980:Levels of
4919:Macrocyst
4899:Amoebozoa
4864:Glycosome
4792:Microneme
4672:Alveolata
4580:Haptonema
4575:Coccolith
4554:Periplast
4500:Red algae
4484:Cyanelles
4371:Infusoria
4162:205599638
3278:Mycologia
3200:205009141
3098:21 August
3064:21 August
3030:21 August
2996:21 August
2962:21 August
2928:21 August
2894:21 August
2864:21 August
2800:21 August
2764:1618-0429
2351:0741-5400
2298:2046-6390
2114:Amoebozoa
2102:Entamoeba
1965:Orthologs
1917:keratitis
1768:Nollandia
1764:Malamoeba
1744:Dinamoeba
1725:Ungrouped
1700:Nuclearia
1650:Alveolata
1580:Tulamoeba
1446:Naegleria
1357:Gromiidea
1342:: orders
1306:Gyromitus
1218:Mastigina
1207:Iodamoeba
1202:Filamoeba
1197:Entamoeba
1191:Endamoeba
1152:Paramoeba
1144:Mayorella
1083:Leptomyxa
1067:Polychaos
1059:Glaeseria
1051:Metachaos
1028:Tubulinea
1020:Amoebozoa
980:excavates
972:Amoebozoa
951:Rhizopoda
890:In 1841,
809:stage of
703:700–2000
533:cytostome
511:bacterium
483:hypotonic
471:organelle
452:frustules
414:Mayorella
351:Cercozoan
326:cytoplasm
238:subphylum
11465:Protista
10936:Imasidae
10910:Neolouka
10896:Loukozoa
10696:Hemiolia
10616:Alistosa
10545:Bodonida
10250:Acrasida
10057:Tsukubea
9999:Jakobida
9982:Jakobida
9927:Amorphea
9905:Rhizaria
9893:Hacrobia
9883:Excavata
9868:Bacteria
9844:Excavata
9772:†extinct
9691:Lagenida
9507:Orodaria
9303:Gromiida
9278:Endomyxa
9223:Matazida
9218:Ebriacea
9014:Helkesea
8985:Eoglissa
8869:Cercozoa
8822:Amorphea
8800:Rhizaria
8788:Hacrobia
8778:Excavata
8763:Bacteria
8738:Rhizaria
8677:Zonomyxa
8537:Boveella
8270:Liceales
8088:Coenonia
7947:Variosea
7618:Discosea
7123:Argynnia
7116:Apolimia
7109:Acipyxis
6887:Amorphea
6865:Rhizaria
6853:Hacrobia
6843:Excavata
6828:Bacteria
6749:protists
6745:kingdoms
6633:Grypania
6595:Imasidae
6496:Jakobida
6020:Endomyxa
6015:Cercozoa
6007:Rhizaria
5937:Haptista
5869:Animalia
5812:Bicellum
5687:Variosea
5670:Discosea
5648:Amorphea
5598:Amorphea
5576:Rhizaria
5564:Hacrobia
5554:Excavata
5539:Bacteria
5346:Axostyle
5341:Pyrenoid
5321:Fimbriae
5253:Dikaryon
5218:Mitosome
5147:Skeleton
5132:Frustule
5122:Mucilage
5094:tissular
5018:Colonial
5001:Amoeboid
4996:Monadoid
4924:Sorocarp
4839:Excavate
4806:Rhizaria
4736:Ciliates
4720:Dinocyst
4681:General:
4632:Frustule
4603:General:
4529:Hacrobia
4380:Sporozoa
4375:Ciliates
4364:Heliozoa
4344:Protozoa
4328:Protists
4211:21429931
4154:21929567
4119:20617172
4068:24098652
4028:PLOS ONE
4006:26422142
3966:PLOS ONE
3940:25800982
3891:30941316
3800:15084508
3718:Archived
3695:Archived
3675:19121603
3636:23020233
3546:Zoologie
3499:46337140
3397:Archived
3326:Archived
3298:24895422
3255:Archived
3192:11028990
3143:28731650
3135:11590185
3092:Archived
3058:Archived
3024:Archived
2990:Archived
2956:Archived
2888:Archived
2858:Archived
2772:26163290
2596:(2009).
2547:Archived
2514:Archived
2482:Archived
2456:18898714
2421:11274408
2367:28731650
2359:11590185
2316:24357230
2251:Archived
2206:Archived
2148:Archived
2145:"Amoeba"
2005:, Mnd1,
1790:Pontifex
1752:Flamella
1730:unknown
1662:Oodinium
1544:Rosculus
1482:Sawyeria
1420:Excavata
1396:Endomyxa
1385:Cercozoa
1333:Endomyxa
1285:Cercozoa
1278:Rhizaria
1245:Physarum
1233:Pelomyxa
1172:Vannella
1160:Sappinia
1104:Discosea
976:Rhizaria
939:Heliozoa
780:Acrasida
691:220–760
544:vesicles
518:protists
491:tonicity
379:axopodia
375:Heliozoa
356:Euglypha
265:protists
205:protozoa
177:amoeboid
18:Amoeboid
10703:Liburna
10688:Karavia
10309:Lulidae
10156:Lunosea
9990:Jakobea
9969:Discoba
9942:Animals
9863:Archaea
9781:amoebae
9407:Retaria
8837:Animals
8758:Archaea
8544:Biomyxa
7845:Cutosea
7270:Oopyxis
6996:Elardia
6902:Animals
6823:Archaea
6484:Discoba
6349:Plants
6321:Picozoa
6167:Gyrista
6074:Myzozoa
5927:Provora
5833:Filozoa
5789:Holozoa
5697:Cutosea
5613:Animals
5534:Archaea
5289:Zygotic
5286:Gametic
5228:Nucleus
5006:Coccoid
4971:General
4782:Rhoptry
4689:Alveoli
4622:Diatoms
4359:Testate
4233:Denisia
4202:3107637
4110:2895654
4059:3787063
4036:Bibcode
3997:4589404
3974:Bibcode
3931:4530557
3882:6433779
3655:Protist
3627:3483872
3377:3549607
3306:3383757
3261:1 March
3170:Bibcode
2952:msu.edu
2828:Bibcode
2307:3892166
1969:meiosis
1959:meiosis
1953:Meiosis
1798:Rugipes
1786:Pernina
1760:Gocevia
1550:Acrasis
1541:Other:
896:sarcode
871:ἀμοιβή
813:and of
811:Myxozoa
799:diatoms
679:30–152
505:Amoeba
487:osmosis
479:cytosol
475:solutes
467:vacuole
456:diatoms
440:calcium
432:testate
424:(right)
217:animals
197:lineage
140:amoebae
132:amoebas
9920:Plants
9857:Domain
8871:
8867:
8815:Plants
8752:Domain
7892:Conosa
7836:Evosea
7207:Jungia
6880:Plants
6817:Domain
6757:groups
6139:Bigyra
5713:Obazoa
5591:Plants
5528:Domain
5292:Sporic
5270:Closed
5185:Cilium
5142:Lorica
5043:hyphal
4751:Cirrus
4746:Cilium
4653:Lamina
4335:Former
4209:
4199:
4160:
4152:
4117:
4107:
4066:
4056:
4004:
3994:
3938:
3928:
3889:
3879:
3865:: 47.
3798:
3791:387402
3788:
3673:
3634:
3624:
3497:
3487:
3428:
3375:
3365:
3304:
3296:
3229:
3198:
3190:
3162:Nature
3141:
3133:
2770:
2762:
2721:
2691:
2662:
2637:
2612:
2576:
2454:
2419:
2409:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2314:
2304:
2296:
2180:
2049:forms
2035:, and
1982:genome
1941:plague
1597:forms.
1381:Filosa
1292:Filosa
1268:Lobosa
1184:Conosa
1039:Amoeba
1033:Lobosa
986:, and
912:phylum
885:Amoeba
873:amoibe
838:(1755)
727:up to
667:15–60
655:12–40
643:12–15
620:2.3–3
448:chitin
444:silica
362:Gromia
346:Amoeba
215:, and
144:amebae
136:amebas
87:amoeba
9947:Fungi
8842:Fungi
6907:Fungi
6709:CRuMs
5771:Fungi
5618:Fungi
5303:Other
5157:Theca
5127:Scale
4725:Theca
4387:Algae
4158:S2CID
3302:S2CID
3196:S2CID
3139:S2CID
3048:Chaos
2517:(PDF)
2502:(PDF)
2412:31146
2363:S2CID
2003:Rad52
1999:Rad51
1995:Rad50
1991:Mre11
1987:Spo11
1848:algae
1714:fungi
1043:Chaos
920:taxon
904:eidos
869:Greek
865:Amiba
755:Some
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