Amish - Knowledge

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Mennonite churches have a high number of people who were formerly from Amish congregations. Although more Amish immigrated to North America in the 19th century than during the 18th century, most of today's Amish descend from 18th-century immigrants. The latter tended to emphasize tradition to a greater extent, and were perhaps more likely to maintain a separate Amish identity. There are a number of Amish Mennonite church groups that had never in their history been associated with the Old Order Amish because they split from the Amish mainstream in the time when the Old Orders formed in the 1860s and 1870s. The former Western Ontario Mennonite Conference (WOMC) was made up almost entirely of former Amish Mennonites who reunited with the Mennonite Church in Canada. Orland Gingerich's book

3150: 3142: 1490:"Elkhart-LaGrange" — are not only the three largest affiliations but also represent the mainstream among the Old Order Amish. The most conservative affiliations are at the top, the most modern ones at the bottom. Technologies used by very few are on the left; the ones used by most are on the right. The percentage of all Amish who use a technology is also indicated approximately. The Old Order Amish culture involves lower greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors and activities with the exception of diet, and their per-person emissions has been estimated to be less than one quarter that of the wider society. 3277: 463: 3344:-related taxes. In 1965, this policy was codified into law. Self-employed individuals in certain sects do not pay into or receive benefits from the United States Social Security system. This exemption applies to a religious group that is conscientiously opposed to accepting benefits of any private or public insurance, provides a reasonable level of living for its dependent members, and has existed continuously since December 31, 1950. The U.S. Supreme Court clarified in 1982 that Amish employers are not exempt, but only those Amish individuals who are self-employed. 3250:, a fact that generally is not discussed among the Amish, but indicated by the fact that the number of children systematically increases in correlation with the conservatism of a congregation, the more conservative, the more children. The large number of children is due to the fact that many children are appreciated by the community and not because there is no birth control. Some communities openly allow access to birth control to women whose health would be compromised by childbirth. The Amish are against abortion and also find " 3292: 475: 1026: 803: 889:", expressed through group norms, is at odds with the individualism so central to the wider American culture. The Amish anti-individualist orientation is the motive for rejecting labor-saving technologies that might make one less dependent on the community. Modern innovations such as electricity might spark a competition for status goods, or photographs might cultivate personal vanity. Electric power lines would be going against the Bible, which says that you shall not be "conformed to the world" ( 78: 847: 2791: 1206:, food anthropologists point out that the culinary practices of Pennsylvania Dutch and Amish are innovative and dynamic, evolving across time and geographical spaces, and that not all the Pennsylvania Dutch are Amish, and not all Amish live in Pennsylvania. Distinguishing local mythologies from culinary fact is accomplished by dedicated anthropological field studies in combination with studies of literary sources, usually newspaper archives, diaries and household records. 7511:

unduly interfere with the fulfillment of the overriding governmental interest in assuring mandatory and continuous participation in and contribution to the Social Security system, the limitation on religious liberty involved here was justified. Consequently, in reversing the district court, the Supreme Court held that, unless Congress provides otherwise, the tax imposed on employers to support the Social Security system must be uniformly applicable to all.

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population growth among the Amish in North America was 84 percent (3.6 percent per year). During that time, they established 184 new settlements and moved into six new states. In 2000, about 165,620 Old Order Amish resided in the United States, of whom 73,609 were church members. The Amish are among the fastest-growing populations in the world, with an average of seven children per family in the 1970s and a total fertility rate of 5.3 in the 2010s.

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conservative than the Old Order. They install electricity, drive cars, own computers and cell phones, use church buildings, allow secondary schooling, and have less stringent dress codes. They engage in evangelistic outreach. More than any other European ethnic group in Oklahoma, the Amish have retained a distinct cultural identity by consciously drawing symbolic boundaries between themselves and the society around them.

102: 1176: 407:. As of 2024, the Amish population passed the milestone of 400,000, with about 395,000 Old Order Amish living in the United States, and over 6,000 in Canada: a population that is rapidly growing. Amish church groups seek to maintain a degree of separation from the non-Amish world. Non-Amish people are generally referred to as "English" by the Amish, and outside influences are often described as "worldly". 3243:

other members. Although the Amish are often perceived by outsiders as rejecting all modern technologies, this is not the case and modern medicine is employed by Amish communities, including hospital births and other advanced treatments. As they go without health insurance and pay up front for services, Amish individuals will often travel to Mexico for non-urgent care and surgery to reduce costs.

648:(ministerial conferences) were held at different places, concerning how the Amish should deal with the tensions caused by the pressures of modern society. The meetings themselves were a progressive idea; for bishops to assemble to discuss uniformity was an unprecedented notion in the Amish church. By the first several meetings, the more traditionally minded bishops agreed to 2272:) at church services. The distinctive use of three different languages serves as a powerful conveyor of Amish identity. "Although 'the English language is being used in more and more situations,' Pennsylvania Dutch is 'one of a handful of minority languages in the United States that is neither endangered nor supported by continual arrivals of immigrants.'" 3501:. Jacob Sr.'s wife, Anna (Lorentz) Hochstetler, a daughter (name unknown) and Jacob Jr. were killed by the Native Americans. Jacob Sr. and sons Joseph and Christian were taken captive. Jacob escaped after about eight months, but the boys were held for several years. When freed, both of these sons joined the church and one of them became a minister. 2822:

reason for the continuous expansion is to obtain enough affordable farmland, other reasons for new settlements include locating in isolated areas that support their lifestyle, moving to areas with cultures conducive to their way of life, maintaining proximity to family or other Amish groups, and sometimes to resolve church or leadership conflicts.

1187:, weddings, fundraisers, farewells, and other events. Many Amish foods are sold at markets including pies, preserves, bread mixes, pickled produce, desserts, and canned goods. Many Amish communities have also established restaurants for visitors. Amish meat consumption is similar to the American average though they tend to eat more preserved meat. 3360:, Ontario. Pathway has become the major publisher of Amish school textbooks, general-reading books, and periodicals. Also, a number of private enterprises publish everything from general reading to reprints of older literature that has been considered of great value to Amish families. Some Amish read the Pennsylvania German newspaper 3314:

typically one-room schoolhouses with teachers (usually young, unmarried women) from the Amish community. On May 19, 1972, Jonas Yoder and Wallace Miller of the Old Order Amish, and Adin Yutzy of the Conservative Amish Mennonite Church were each fined $ 5 for refusing to send their children, aged 14 and 15, to high school. In

5423:. Morgantown, Penn.: 2007. This comprehensive volume gives names, dates, and places of births and deaths, and relationships of most of the known people of this unique sect from the early 1700s until about 1860 or so. The authors also include a five-page "History of the First Amish Communities in America". 3399:

by members of the Amish community has led to calls for puppy mills and auctions to be closed, with one breeder being issued with a restraining order from the practice for numerous violations of the federal Animal Welfare Act. At the time the restraining order was issued, the breeder had at least 1000

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The Old Order Amish do not typically carry private commercial health insurance. A handful of American hospitals, starting in the mid-1990s, created special outreach programs to assist the Amish. In some Amish communities, the church will collect money from its members to help pay for medical bills of

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The United States is the home to the overwhelming majority (over 98 percent) of the Amish people. In 2024, Old Order communities were present in 32 U.S. states. The total Amish population in the United States as of June 2024 has stood at 394,720 up 17,445 or 4.6 percent, compared to the previous

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In 2010, a few religious bodies, including the Amish, changed the way their adherents were reported to better match the standards of the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. When looking at all Amish adherents and not solely Old Order Amish, about 241,000 Amish adherents were in

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Bearing children, raising them, and socializing with neighbors and relatives are the greatest functions of the Amish family. Amish typically believe that large families are a blessing from God. Farm families tend to be larger, because sons are needed to perform farm labor. Community is central to the

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Most Amish communities that were established in North America did not ultimately retain their Amish identity. The major division that resulted in the loss of identity of many Amish congregations occurred in the third quarter of the 19th century. The forming of factions worked its way out at different

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Dobberteen is one of a growing number of people in St. Joseph County who believes that the Amish shouldn't have a say in what happens with a state road. 'Some people are saying, "Well jeeze, you know the Amish people don't pay taxes for that, why are we filling them in" what do you think about that?

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According to one scholar, "today, almost all Amish are functionally bilingual in Pennsylvania Dutch and English; however, domains of usage are sharply separated. Pennsylvania Dutch dominates in most in-group settings, such as the dinner table and preaching in church services. In contrast, English is

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share much with their Old Order Amish religious kin, including horse-and-buggy culture and identifiably traditional dress patterns, but the New Orders employ a more explicit language of personal salvation and are also somewhat less wary of technology—for example, permitting telephones in homes. The

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The Amish do not usually educate their children past the eighth grade, believing that the basic knowledge offered up to that point is sufficient to prepare one for the Amish lifestyle. Almost no Amish go to high school and college. In many communities, the Amish operate their own schools, which are

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Until the early 20th century, Old Order Amish identity was not linked to the limited use of technologies, as the Old Order Amish and their rural neighbors used the same farm and household technologies. Questions about the use of technologies also did not play a role in the Old Order division of the

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In the last quarter of the 20th century, a growing number of Amish men left farm work and started small businesses because of increasing pressure on small-scale farming. Though a wide variety of small businesses exists among the Amish, construction work and woodworking are quite widespread. In many

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2. Religion may be one of several foundations of ethnicity, the others commonly being language and territorial origin; examples are the Greek or Russian Orthodox and the Dutch Reformed. Ethnicity in this pattern extends beyond religion in the sense that ethnic identification can be claimed without

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In Europe, no split occurred between Old Order Amish and Amish Mennonites; like the Amish Mennonites in North America, the European Amish assimilated into the Mennonite mainstream during the second half of the 19th century through the first decades of the 20th century. Eventually, they dropped the

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Because of the rapid population growth of the Amish communities, new settlements in the United States are being established each year, thus: 16 new settlements were established in 2016, 22 in 2017, 16 in 2018, 26 in 2019, 26 in 2020, 17 in 2021, 19 in 2022, 36 in 2023 and 12 by June 2024. The main

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and bonnets are worn by the women because they are a visual representation of their religious beliefs and promote unity through the tradition of every woman wearing one. The color of the bonnet signifies whether a woman is single or married. Single women wear black bonnets and married women wear

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were formed after certain congregations left the Old Order Amish due to issues regarding salvation and "the use of modern agricultural methods." The Old Order Amish believe that they have a "hope for salvation", believing that "joining with other church members to live according to the Ordnung and

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As early as 1809 Amish were farming side by side with Native American farmers in Pennsylvania. According to Cones Kupwah Snowflower, a Shawnee genealogist, the Amish and Quakers were known to incorporate Native Americans into their families to protect them from ill-treatment, especially after the

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who also dress plain and speak German dialects emigrated from other European regions at different times with different German dialects, separate cultures, and related but different religious traditions. Particularly, the Hutterites live communally and are generally accepting of modern technology.

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The Amish are subject to sales and property taxes. As they seldom own motor vehicles, they rarely have occasion to pay motor vehicle registration fees or spend money on the purchase of fuel for vehicles. Under their beliefs and traditions, generally the Amish do not agree with the idea of Social

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Because the Amish are usually baptized no earlier than 18 and children are not counted in local congregation numbers, estimating their numbers is difficult. Rough estimates from various studies placed their numbers at 125,000 in 1992, 166,000 in 2000, and 221,000 in 2008. Thus, from 1992 to 2008,

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The Amish are known for their plain attire. Men wear solid colored shirts, broad-brimmed hats, and suits that signify similarity amongst one another. Amish men grow beards to symbolize manhood and marital status, as well as to promote humility. They are forbidden from growing mustaches because

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The customs of Old Order Mennonites, the Amish communities and Old Colony Mennonites have a number of similarities, but the cultural differences are significant enough so that members of one group would not feel comfortable moving to another group. The Old Order Mennonites and Amish have the same

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On appeal, the Supreme Court noted that the exemption provided by 26 U.S.C. 1402(g) is available only to self-employed individuals and does not apply to employers or employees. As to the constitutional claim, the court held that since accommodating the Amish beliefs under the circumstances would

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Over the years, the Amish churches have divided many times mostly over questions concerning the Ordnung, but also over doctrinal disputes, mainly about shunning. The largest group, the "Old Order" Amish, a conservative faction that separated from other Amish in the 1860s, are those who have most

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While the Amish are at an increased risk for some genetic disorders, researchers have found their tendency for clean living can lead to better health. Overall cancer rates in the Amish are reduced and tobacco-related cancers in Amish adults are 37 percent and non-tobacco-related cancers are 72

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must be observed by every member and covers many aspects of Old Order Amish day-to-day living, including prohibitions or limitations on the use of power-line electricity, telephones, and automobiles, as well as regulations on clothing. Generally, a heavy emphasis is placed on church and family

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3. An ethnic group may be linked to a religious tradition, but other ethnic groups will be linked to it, too. Examples include Irish, Italian, and Polish Catholics; Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish Lutherans. Religion in this pattern extends beyond ethnicity, reversing the previous pattern, and

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recognize their cultural background knowing that their genetic and cultural traits are uniquely different from other ethnicities. Those who choose to affiliate with the church, or young children raised in Amish homes, but too young to yet be church members, are considered to be Amish. Certain

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meaning "popular" or "of the people". The continued use of "Pennsylvania Dutch" was strengthened by the Pennsylvania Dutch in the 19th century as a way of distinguishing themselves from later (post 1830) waves of German immigrants to the United States, with the Pennsylvania Dutch referring to

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The Clarita and Chouteau Amish are identified by the typical Old Order markers of buggies, beards, and bonnets. They speak Pennsylvania German, are schooled through the eighth grade, wear plain attire, worship in homes, and do not use electricity. ... By comparison, the Beachy Amish are less

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The Amish are one of many Anabaptist groups that trace their roots to the Anabaptist movement in sixteenth-century Europe at the time of the Protestant Reformation. Other groups include Mennonites, Hutterites, the Brethren in Christ, and Brethren groups that began in Schwarzenau, Germany, in

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of unborn children to discover genetic disorders. When children are born with a disorder, they are accepted into the community and tasked with chores within their ability. However, Amish are willing to participate in studies of genetic diseases. Their extensive family histories are useful to

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Working hard is considered godly, and some technological advancements have been considered undesirable because they reduce the need for hard work. Machines such as automatic floor cleaners in barns have historically been rejected as this provides young farmhands with too much free time.

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The table below indicates the use of certain technologies by different Amish affiliations. The use of cars is not allowed by any Old and New Order Amish, nor are radio, television, or in most cases the use of the Internet. Three affiliations – "Lancaster", "Holmes Old Order" and

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percent of the rate for Ohio adults. Skin cancer rates are lower for Amish, even though many Amish make their living working outdoors where they are exposed to sunlight. They are typically covered and dressed by wearing wide-brimmed hats and long sleeves which protect their skin.

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The modern way of life in general has increasingly diverged from that of Amish society. On occasion, this has resulted in sporadic discrimination and hostility from their neighbors, such as throwing of stones or other objects at Amish horse-drawn carriages on the roads.

3231:, a previously fatal disease. The clinic is embraced by most Amish, ending the need for parents to leave the community to receive proper care for their children, an action that might result in shunning. Another clinic is DDC Clinic for Special Needs Children, located in 5483:

1. Religion is the major foundation of ethnicity, examples include the Amish, Hutterites, Jews, and Mormons. Ethnicity in this pattern, so to speak, equals religion, and if the religious identity is denied, so is the ethnic identity. Let us call this pattern "ethnic

752:(CPS), where they worked mainly in forestry and hospitals. The fact that many young men worked in hospitals, where they had a lot of contact with more progressive Mennonites and the outside world, had the result that many of these men never joined the Amish church. 2534:

The Amish added 100,000 more adherents in just 9 years, reaching 401,000 in 2024 in comparison with the 300,000 figure from 2015, at the same time the total number of settlements grew from 501 to 675 (+35%), and the number of districts from 2,193 to 3,039 (+39%).

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All clothing is sewn by hand, but the way to fasten the garment widely depends on whether the Amish person is a part of the New Order or Old Order Amish. The Old Order Amish seldom, if ever, use buttons because they are seen as too flashy; instead, they use the

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There are various sects of Amish. Old Order Amish maintain the practices best known in mainstream society. These practices include rigorous restrictions on the use of modern conveniences such as electricity automobiles, and telephones. Other groups, such as the

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used for most reading and writing. English is also the medium of instruction in schools and is used in business transactions and often, out of politeness, in situations involving interactions with non-Amish. Finally, the Amish read prayers and sing in

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Until about 1950, almost all Amish children attended small, rural, non-Amish schools, but then school consolidation and mandatory schooling beyond eighth grade caused Amish opposition. Amish communities opened their own Amish schools. In 1972, the

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for transportation, in contrast to the Beachy Amish who use modern technology (inclusive of motor cars) and conduct worship in the local language of the area in which they reside. Both the New Order Amish and the Beachy Amish emphasize the

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People's Helpers is an Amish-organized network of mental health caregivers who help families dealing with mental illness and recommend professional counselors. Suicide rates for the Amish are about half that of the general population.

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counties in northeastern Indiana (29.2 thousand), as of June 2024. The highest concentration of Amish in the world is in the Holmes County community; nearly 50 percent of the entire population of Holmes County is Amish as of 2010.

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within the Amish church. Once a person is baptized within the church, he or she may marry only within the faith. Church districts have between 20 and 40 families and worship services are held every other Sunday in a member's home or

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had already started to withdraw from the Amish church in 1858. They soon drifted away from the old ways and changed their name to "Defenseless Mennonite" in 1908. Congregations who took no side in the division after 1862 formed the

624:. A second wave of around 1,500 arrived around the mid-19th century and settled mostly in Ohio, Illinois, Iowa and southern Ontario. Most of these late immigrants eventually did not join the Old Order Amish but more liberal groups. 3126:

Various congregations belonging to Old Order Anabaptism and Conservative Anabaptism lend support to Christian Aid Ministries, a missionary arm of these movements, along with Iron Curtain and Freiheit Messengers Prison Ministry.

345:; the latter do not abstain from using motor cars, whereas the Old Order Amish retained much of their traditional culture. When people refer to the Amish today, they normally refer to the Old Order Amish, though there are other 1279:

As of 2011, about 40 different Old Order Amish affiliations were known to exist. The eight major affiliations of the Old Order Amish are listed below, with Lancaster as the largest one in number of districts and population:

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Only a few hundred outsiders, so-called seekers, have ever joined the Old Order Amish. Since 1950, only some 75 non-Anabaptist people have joined and remained lifelong members of the Amish. Since 1990, some twenty people of

2978:, Mexico, but the settlement lasted from only 1923 to 1929. An Amish settlement was tried in Honduras from about 1968 to 1978, but this settlement failed too. In 2015, new settlements of New Order Amish were founded east of 579:

Swiss Anabaptism developed, from this point, in two parallel streams, most clearly marked by disagreement over the preferred treatment of "fallen" believers. The Emmentalers (sometimes referred to as Reistians, after bishop

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in the province of Prince Edward Island. Increasing land prices in Ontario had reportedly limited the ability of members in those communities to purchase new farms. At about the same time a new settlement was founded near

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of modern technology, with a view neither to interrupt family time, nor replace face-to-face conversations whenever possible, and a view to maintain self-sufficiency. The Amish value rural life, manual labor, humility and

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mustaches are seen by the Amish as being affiliated with the military, which they are strongly opposed to, due to their pacifist beliefs. Women have similar guidelines on how to dress, which are also expressed in the

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second half of the 19th century. Telephones were the first important technology that was rejected, soon followed by the rejection of cars, tractors, radios, and many other technological inventions of the 20th century.

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speak Pennsylvania Dutch, and refer to non-Amish people as "English", regardless of ethnicity. Two Amish subgroups – called Swiss Amish – whose ancestors migrated to the United States in the 1850s speak a form of

7946: 2317:, and the preservation of the German language. The members of these groups are largely of Amish origin, but they are not in fellowship with other Amish groups because they adhere to theological doctrines (e.g., 6705:

Regional hospitals and midwives routinely send whole-blood filter-paper neonatal screens for tandem mass spectrometry and other modern analytical methods to detect 14 of the metabolic disorders found in these

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white. The color coding of bonnets is important because women are not allowed to wear jewelry, such as wedding rings, as it is seen as drawing attention to the body which can induce pride in the individual.

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American Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S.

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There is only one colony left in Latin America, in Bolivia. The Argentina colony ceased to exist as of 2024. The first attempt by Old Order Amish to settle in Latin America was in Paradise Valley, near

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for transportation, in contrast to the Beachy Amish who use modern technology (inclusive of motor cars) and conduct worship in the local language of the area in which they reside (with exception of the

592:. Because of this common heritage, Amish and conservative Mennonites from southern Germany and Switzerland retain many similarities. Those who leave the Amish fold tend to join various congregations of 7803: 3057:", with which Smyrna and Manton affiliated, are said to be more open to seekers and converts than other Amish churches. Most of the members of these two para-Amish communities originally came from 3936:... are plain in their appearance but clearly less traditional than Old Orders in lifestyle. Beachy Amish members drive cars, use English in worship, and place emphasis on evangelism and missions. 2925:

Amish settlements are in four Canadian provinces: Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, and New Brunswick. The majority of Old Order settlements is located in the province of Ontario, namely

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include matters such as dress, permissible uses of technology, religious duties, and rules regarding interaction with outsiders. In these meetings, women also vote in questions concerning the

3235:, for special-needs children with inherited or metabolic disorders. The DDC Clinic provides treatment, research, and educational services to Amish and non-Amish children and their families. 3079:, many of whom conduct their services in English and allow for a limited range of modern conveniences, regularly receive seekers into their churches as visitors, and eventually, as members. 7111: 3512:

The Amish, as pacifists, did not engage in warfare with Native Americans, nor displace them directly, but were among the European immigrants whose arrival resulted in their displacement.

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word "Amish" from the names of their congregations and lost their Amish identity and culture. The last European Amish congregation joined the Mennonites in 1937 in Ixheim, today part of

5320:, Deutsch und Germanisch – drei Ethnonyme, drei Forschungsbegriffe. Zur Frage der Instrumentalisierung und Wertbesetzung deutscher Sprach- und Volksbezeichnungen." In: H. Beck et al., 1011:) in some communities, nonconforming behavior that would result in the shunning of an adult who had made the permanent commitment of baptism, may be met with a degree of forbearance. 5989:

Amish Population in the United States and Canada by State and County, September 18, 2021 by Edsel Burdge, Jr., Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies, Elizabethtown College.

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year. Pennsylvania has the largest population (92.7 thousand), followed by Ohio (86 thousand) and Indiana (65.5 thousand), as of June 2024. The largest Amish settlements are in

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Because no division occurred in Europe, the Amish congregations remaining there took the same way as the change-minded Amish Mennonites in North America and slowly merged with the

10075: 995:. The modes of shunning vary between different communities. On average, about 85 percent of Amish youth choose to be baptized and join the church. During an adolescent period of 3072:

More people have tested Old Order Amish life for weeks, months, or even years, but in the end decided not to join. Others remain close to the Amish, but never think of joining.

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times at different places. The process was rather a "sorting out" than a split. Amish people are free to join another Amish congregation at another place that fits them best.

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Amish settlements, especially the larger ones, farmers are now a minority. Approximately 12,000 of the 40,000 dairy farms in the United States are Amish-owned as of 2018.

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it is in many ways, an option of last resort and it's something we only do when we think we have a critical threat to the community's safety and we need immediate action

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Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites and the Amish are often grouped together in North America's popular press. This is incorrect, according to a 2017 report by

588:, and not regular meals. The Amish argued that those who had been banned should be avoided even in common meals. The Reistian side eventually formed the basis of the 5581: 5213: 5276:

Hughes Oliphant Old: The Reading and Preaching of the Scriptures in the Worship of the Christian Church, Volume 6: The Modern Age. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007, p. 606.

3185:). Some of these disorders are rare or unique, and are serious enough to increase the mortality rate among Amish children. The Amish are aware of the advantages of 733:

In the late 1920s, the more change minded faction of the Old Order Amish, that wanted to adopt the car, broke away from the mainstream and organized under the name

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Morton, D. Holmes; Morton, Caroline S.; Strauss, Kevin A.; Robinson, Donna L.; Puffenberger, Erik G; Hendrickson, Christine; Kelley, Richard I. (June 27, 2003).

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are similar in manner and lifestyle, including their attitudes toward war, but are unrelated to the Amish. Early Quakers were influenced, to some degree, by the

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of genetic disorders than the general population, since almost all Amish descend from a few hundred 18th-century founders, some recessive conditions are more

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Ericksen, Julia A.; Ericksen, Eugene P.; Hostetler, John A.; Huntington, Gertrude E. (July 1979). "Fertility Patterns and Trends among the Old Order Amish".

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is agreed upon – or changed – within the whole community of baptized members prior to Communion which takes place two times a year. The meeting where the

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is perhaps better understood as a reluctance to be forward, to be self-promoting, or to assert oneself. The Amish's willingness to submit to the "Will of

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approach to fashion clothing or metal snaps. The New Order Amish are slightly more progressive and allow the usage of buttons to help attire clothing.

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In the early 18th century, many Amish and Mennonites immigrated to Pennsylvania for a variety of reasons. Most Old Order Amish, New Order Amish and the

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In the years after 1850, tensions rose within individual Amish congregations and between different Amish congregations. Between 1862 and 1878, yearly

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in the Northkill settlement on September 19, 1757. The sons of the family took their weapons but father Jacob did not allow them to shoot due to the

3329: 659:, and other Mennonite denominations, mostly in the early 20th century. The more traditionally minded groups became known as the Old Order Amish. The 7226: 7103: 6823:

Francomano, Clair A.; McKusick, Victor A.; Biesecker, Leslie G. (August 15, 2003). "Medical genetic studies in the Amish: Historical perspective".

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Groups that today identify themselves as Amish include not only the Old Orders but also the so-called New Order Amish and the Beachy Amish ... The

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with some ethnographic and regional variances, as well as differences in what cookbook writers and food historians emphasize about the traditional

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European roots and the language spoken in their homes is the same German dialect. Old Colony Mennonites use Low German, a different German dialect.

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The more progressive members, comprising roughly two-thirds of the group, became known by the name Amish Mennonite, and eventually united with the

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We pay our taxes,' said Dobberteen. Roads are paid for largely with gas tax and vehicle registration fees, which the Amish have no reason to pay.

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In 1964, Pathway Publishers was founded by two Amish farmers to print more material about the Amish and Anabaptists in general. It is located in

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in New Brunswick, only about 12 km (7.5 mi) from Amish settlements in Maine. In 2017, an Amish settlement was founded in Manitoba near

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Contrary to popular belief, the word "Dutch" in "Pennsylvania Dutch" is not a mistranslation, but rather a corruption of the Pennsylvania German

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Although splits happened among the Old Order in the 19th century in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, a major split among the Old Orders took until

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In 2012, the Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society collaborated with the Native American community to construct a replica Iroquois Longhouse.

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must be observed by every member and covers many aspects of day-to-day living, including prohibitions or limitations on the use of power-line

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the Bible will give them the strength to lives worthy of salvation". The New Order Amish, on the other hand, affirm that a believer can have

10140: 6879: 5441: 4626: 10105: 10085: 7723: 7336: 6929: 6350: 1041:("rules") which differs slightly from community to community and from district to district within a community. There is no central Amish 8105: 5838: 1183:

Amish cuisine is noted for its simplicity and traditional qualities. Food plays an important part in Amish social life and is served at

7667: 341:. Those who followed Ammann became known as Amish. In the second half of the 19th century, the Amish divided into Old Order Amish and 6654: 5523: 3465:, and in turn influenced the Amish in colonial Pennsylvania. Almost all modern Quakers have since abandoned their traditional dress. 7401: 4039: 414:, usually between the ages of 16 and 23. Church districts have between 20 and 40 families, and Old Order Amish and New Order Amish 7777: 6135: 5490:

religious identification can be claimed without claiming the ethnic identification. Let us call this pattern "religious ethnicity"

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and neighboring areas. Between 1717 and 1750, approximately 500 Amish migrated to North America, mainly to the region that became

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The Amish were one of many Anabaptist groups that grew from the Radical Reformation in sixteenth-century Europe (Hostetler 1993).

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and New Order Amish, use electricity and automobiles, among other modern conveniences, but they still consider themselves Amish.

687:

Amish congregation, which merged with the neighboring Mennonite Church in 1937. Some Mennonite congregations, including most in

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restrictions on modern technology, Pennsylvania German language, that they are often perceived as Amish and even called Amish.

437:

and discontinue formal education after grade eight (age 13 – 14). Most Amish do not buy commercial insurance or participate in

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is a different case; it is not seen as Amish anymore because the community has shifted away from many core Amish principles.

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affirmed this, finding the benefits of universal education were not sufficient justification to overcome scrutiny under the

1045:. Each Amish community makes its own decisions, and what is acceptable in one community may be unacceptable in another. The 8243: 7746: 6659: 4612: 2825:

The adjacent table shows the eight states with the largest Amish population in the years 1992, 2000, 2010, 2020 and 2024.

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in 1910, but dropped the word "Amish" from their name in 1957; in the year 2000 many congregations left to organize the

428:, which differs to some extent between different districts, are reviewed twice a year by all members of the church. The 9698: 8541: 8536: 7171: 6063: 5890: 5476: 5404: 5371: 5180: 5054: 4991: 4551: 3762: 3038: 2953: 1911: 1859: 1350: 1328: 788: 660: 7472: 6106: 5606: 4288: 3392:, Pennsylvania, there are roughly 300 licensed breeders, and an estimated further 600 unlicensed breeding facilities. 2293:

devotes the vast majority of its pages not to the Beachy or Old Order Amish, but to congregations in the former WOMC.

291:

from surrounding populations, and hold their faith in common, the Amish have been described by certain scholars as an

10125: 9128: 8747: 8156: 6138: 6099: 3617: 1191: 546:, an Anabaptist leader. The first informal division between Swiss Brethren was recorded in the 17th century between 10100: 10095: 7147: 656: 7378: 6261: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5226:

These days, the "Old Beachy Amish," the "New Order Amish," and the Old Order Amish still speak Pennsylvania German

1198:

and intertwined religious culture and celebrations of Amish communities. While mythologies about the diffusion of

422:

in a member's home or barn, while the Beachy Amish worship every Sunday in churches. The rules of the church, the

288: 10160: 9087: 8502: 5948: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3341: 438: 6019: 5993: 5860: 10130: 10080: 9845: 9748: 9733: 9153: 5670: 5647: 5635: 5342: 4681: 4394: 4061: 3389: 3271: 2771: 1271:

are a group of Amish whom some scholars see best described as a subgroup of Old Order Amish, despite the name.

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for the Amish came up again. Because Amish young men in general refused military service, they ended up in the

621: 479: 87: 8138:– Lancaster, PA – Newspaper for Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonites; only Amish may place advertisements. 3670: 10145: 10120: 9852: 9070: 7689: 4836:"Amish communities are using a surprising new kind of vehicle to travel long distances: 'It's a lot quicker'" 6427: 4853:

Johnson-Weiner, Karen (2001). "The role of women in old order Amish, beachy Amish and fellowship churches".

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claiming the religious identification, but the reverse is rare. Let us call this pattern "ethnic religion."

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and will not perform any type of military service. The Amish value rural life, manual labor, humility, and

665: 312: 254: 5243:

LLCER Anglais | Site d'aide à la phonologie anglaise, grammaire, linguistique et civilisations anglophones

9425: 9335: 9148: 8742: 8531: 7916: 6000: 3281: 3220: 3066: 2176: 1963: 1306: 1239: 669: 396: 368: 211: 9293: 7248: 7216: 3416:

and often still retain similar features in dress. These Old Order groups include different subgroups of

3189:, but for religious reasons, marry only within their communities. The majority of Amish accept these as 722:

that eventually led to language shift of most Pennsylvania German speakers, leaving the Amish and other

10004: 9779: 9133: 9027: 8546: 7877: 6480: 3478: 3474: 2965:. In 2024 this colony ceased to exist, as the Amish have sold their properties and moved to Minnesota. 1702: 1372: 712: 613: 589: 501: 7553: 6089: 4872:

Ericksen, Julia; Klein, Gary (1981). "Women's Roles and Family Production among the Old Order Amish".

1251:

who continue to use Pennsylvania German). Both the New Order Amish and the Beachy Amish emphasize the

780: 9617: 9601: 9015: 8850: 8688: 6283: 5710: 5545: 4984:

Plain Diversity: Amish Cultures and Identities (Young Center Books in Anabaptist and Pietist Studies)

3228: 2930: 841: 30: 6595: 6163: 6026: 4957: 4627:"Amish dairy farmers at risk of losing their living and way of life as their buyer drops their milk" 3432:

are so similar in outward aspects to the Old Order Amish, including dress, beards, horse and buggy,

295:, combining features of an ethnicity and a Christian denomination. The Amish are closely related to 34: 10090: 9380: 9010: 8915: 7497: 7468: 6933: 4740: 4726: 3425: 3337: 3296: 3174: 3169:, as well as an unusual distribution of blood types. The Amish represent a collection of different 3086: 2783: 1146:, the Amish version of legislation. They are to wear calf-length dresses, muted colors along with 890: 8463: 5914: 4484:

Laury, Elise Schebler Roberts, Helen Kelley, Sandra Dallas, Jennifer Chiaverini, Jean Ray (2010).

3302:

As time has passed, the Amish have felt pressures from the modern world. Issues such as taxation,

54:

This article is about a group of traditionalist Christian church fellowships. For other uses, see

10115: 10029: 9642: 9591: 9531: 9470: 9465: 9048: 8956: 8793: 8606: 8128: 7067: 5468: 3994:...the Old Order Amish, New Order Amish, and Beachy Amish represent three different affiliations. 3724:

Life beyond the Boundaries: Constructing Identity in Edge Regions of the North American Southwest

3251: 3224: 3054: 2983: 2934: 2779: 2230: 914: 749: 593: 300: 6875: 6692: 6655:"Pediatric medicine and the genetic disorders of the Amish and Mennonite people of Pennsylvania" 5433: 3454:

that has been compared to the Amish, due to their similar beliefs of plain living and pacifism.

3336:

Security benefits and have a religious objection to insurance. On this basis, the United States

3306:, law and its enforcement, and occasional discrimination and hostility are areas of difficulty. 3149: 715:

in Iowa. The Buchanan Amish soon were joined by like-minded congregations all over the country.

10155: 9922: 9627: 9480: 9328: 9103: 9065: 8880: 8710: 8705: 8343: 7715: 4309: 4101: 3136: 3082: 2926: 2318: 1243: 673: 372: 276: 55: 7578: 7347: 5677: 5396: 5363: 5145:

Research Methods for Anthropological Studies of Food and Nutrition: Volumes I–III, Volumes 1–3

3817: 2975: 10110: 9992: 9838: 9415: 9195: 9185: 9022: 8453: 8099: 7939:"Attempting to Repair the Past: An American Indian Longhouse Exhibit Coming to Amish Country" 7253: 5830: 5115: 3490: 3486: 3429: 3384:

as a lucrative source of income. According to the USDA list of licensees, over 98% of Ohio's

2938: 1461: 897: 886: 617: 608:

and attractive land offers, in the early 18th century as part of a larger migration from the

605: 517: 411: 5388: 5355: 5285:

Mark L. Louden: Pennsylvania Dutch: The Story of an American Language. JHU Press, 2006, p. 2

4713: 3049:, which belonged to a community that was founded by Harry Wanner (1935–2012), a minister of 584:, a leader among the Emmentalers) argued that fallen believers should only be withheld from 10055: 9962: 9952: 9647: 9000: 8995: 8843: 8778: 8551: 8358:(revised & expanded ed.), Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press, pp. 249–356, 7659: 6989:

Kraybill (Autumn 1986), "Suicide Patterns in a Religious Subculture: The Old Order Amish",

6186: 3607: 3560: 3458: 3421: 3325: 3209: 3119: 2987: 2962: 2195: 1546: 1417: 1102: 792: 704: 292: 9053: 7462:"Application for Exemption From Social Security and Medicare Taxes and Waiver of Benefits" 5515: 983:

Members who do not conform to these community expectations and who cannot be convinced to

8: 9912: 9753: 9652: 9637: 9586: 9311: 9118: 9113: 8951: 8895: 8885: 8826: 8495: 6460:(2008). "The New Order Amish And Para-Amish Groups: Spiritual Renewal Within Tradition". 6407:(2008). "The New Order Amish And Para-Amish Groups: Spiritual Renewal Within Tradition". 5465:

The Dynamics of Religious Organizations: The Extravasation of the Sacred and Other Essays

5199: 3779: 3696: 3532: 3494: 3417: 3166: 3062: 3016: 3004: 2803: 2775: 1807: 1439: 1395: 1155: 837: 708: 609: 573: 521: 296: 4035: 2213:, which means "Pennsylvania Dutch / German" or "German". Ultimately, the terms Deitsch, 303:—denominations that are also a part of Anabaptist Christianity. The Amish are known for 9987: 9873: 9596: 9475: 9263: 9082: 8667: 8645: 8519: 7435: 7185: 6856: 6767: 6755: 6684: 6623: 6576: 6342: 5773: 5238: 5094: 5044: 4503: 4238: 4226: 3586: 3506: 3439: 3413: 3409: 3321: 3316: 3259: 3050: 2982:, Argentina, and Colonia Naranjita, Bolivia, about 75 miles (121 km) southwest of 2815: 2326: 2322: 1215: 796: 723: 633: 346: 7523: 9997: 9866: 9859: 9814: 9678: 9622: 9268: 9108: 8961: 8700: 8672: 8580: 8359: 8152: 8074: 8055: 8014: 8004: 7983: 7857: 7189: 7177: 7167: 7072: 6848: 6840: 6802: 6798: 6785:

Landing, James E. (July 1969). "Geographic Models of Older Order Amish Settlements".

6759: 6676: 6627: 6615: 6568: 6529: 6346: 6334: 6218: 5896: 5886: 5883:

An Amish paradox : diversity & change in the world's largest Amish community

5789: 5781: 5765: 5472: 5400: 5389: 5367: 5356: 5338: 5176: 5050: 5012: 4987: 4806: 4761: 4661: 4531: 4489: 4464: 4439: 4331: 4230: 4014: 3983: 3958: 3916: 3876: 3799: 3758: 3727: 3353: 3232: 3162: 3023: 2799: 2557: 2015: 1755: 1147: 1114: 1020: 553: 7062: 6688: 5265:

The Languages of the Amish of Allen County, Indiana: Multilingualism and Convergence

3195:(God's will); they reject the use of preventive genetic tests prior to marriage and 2794:

Amish settlements in Pennsylvania, the state with the largest Amish population, 2022

879:(calmness, composure, placidity), often translated as "submission" or "letting be". 799:. By the end of the 20th century, almost all Amish children attended Amish schools. 9937: 9917: 9784: 9743: 9683: 9455: 9395: 9190: 8910: 8905: 8008: 7431: 7159: 6860: 6832: 6794: 6751: 6668: 6607: 6580: 6560: 6326: 6208: 6198: 5969: 5757: 4222: 3791: 3363: 3046: 2946: 2811: 2198: 2186: 1248: 1203: 768: 745: 741: 727: 497: 404: 392: 230: 207: 157: 8439:

Select Affiliations in the Seven Plain Anabaptist Religious Traditions - Beachy AM

8336:

Schmidt, Kimberly D., Diane Zimmerman Umble, & Steven D. Reschly, eds. (2002)

8263:. Foreword by Martin E. Marty. 2nd ed.: Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 7629: 6611: 5808:"Eric Kaufmann on Immigration, Identity, and the Limits of Individualism (Ep. 70)" 3291: 1252: 760: 604:

Amish began migrating to Pennsylvania, then-regarded favorably due to the lack of

377: 9967: 9657: 9561: 9551: 9248: 9243: 8983: 8973: 8900: 8808: 8798: 8768: 8474: 8268:

Renegade Amish: Beard Cutting, Hate Crimes, and the Trial of the Bergholz Barbers

8250: 8038: 7977: 7035: 6551: 6270: 6236: 6172: 6093: 5976: 5071: 4755: 3545: 3489:, the Hochstetler Massacre occurred: Local tribes attacked the Jacob Hochstetler 3357: 3196: 3141: 3027: 2310: 2263: 2222: 2182: 1268: 1238:. The Old Order Amish and New Order Amish conduct their worship in German, speak 1221: 1105:

promote a slow pace of life. But most Amish communities do also allow riding in

1025: 988: 775: 616:, but later moved, motivated by land issues and by security concerns tied to the 513: 434: 367:. The Old Order Amish and New Order Amish conduct their worship in German, speak 350: 342: 8423: 8275:

On the Backroad to Heaven: Old Order Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren

7754: 6742:

Crowley, William K. (1978). "Old Order Amish Settlement: Diffusion and Growth".

5917:. Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies, Elizabethtown College. 2009. 4280: 4213:

Crowley, William K. (1978). "Old Order Amish Settlement: Diffusion and Growth".

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education. The ones who wanted to preserve the old way of the Beachy became the

672:

in order to continue the practice of traditional Anabaptist ordinances, such as

10050: 10024: 10009: 9977: 9794: 9708: 9703: 9693: 9541: 9495: 9420: 9288: 9163: 9123: 9059: 9032: 9005: 8931: 8611: 8488: 7605:"Citing 'shocking' actions of Iowa dog breeder, judge issues restraining order" 7285: 7221: 5307:

Irwin Richman: The Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Arcadia Publishing, 2004, p. 16.

3205: 3201: 3182: 3170: 2952:

In 2016, several dozen Old Order Amish families founded two new settlements in

2214: 2191: 1598: 1106: 1042: 802: 585: 525: 415: 7163: 6330: 3000: 976: 874: 684: 322: 10044: 9804: 9789: 9763: 9738: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9673: 9490: 9351: 9238: 9215: 9138: 8013:(4th ed.), Baltimore, Maryland; London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 7076: 6844: 6806: 6763: 6526:

An Amish Paradox: Diversity and Change in the World's Largest Amish Community

6457: 6404: 6338: 6222: 5900: 5769: 5391:

An Amish Paradox: Diversity and Change in the World's Largest Amish Community

5358:

An Amish Paradox: Diversity and Change in the World's Largest Amish Community

4234: 3803: 3498: 3388:

are run by the Amish, as are 97% of Indiana's, and 63% of Pennsylvania's. In

3247: 3157:

Amish populations have higher incidences of particular conditions, including

3109: 3034: 2958: 2942: 2553: 2306: 1260: 971: 967: 764: 509: 446: 442: 419: 385: 304: 129: 7461: 7038:. Young Center for Anabaptist & Pietist Studies, Elizabethtown College. 6314: 5785: 3102:

are more enchanted with the lifestyle of the Amish than with their religion.

77: 9982: 9942: 9713: 9571: 9536: 9450: 9440: 9435: 9410: 9370: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9258: 8978: 8941: 8803: 8783: 8763: 8567: 7181: 6852: 6680: 6619: 6572: 5793: 3889: 3612: 3555: 3381: 3076: 3058: 2807: 2281: 2218: 2067: 1225: 1164: 1117:

as they are faster than either walking or harnessing up a horse and buggy.

756: 734: 726:

as almost the only speakers by the end of the 20th century. This created a

354: 338: 280: 273: 141: 117: 8348:

The Amish Wedding and Other Special Occasions of the Old Order Communities

8294:

Kraybill, Donald B., Steven M. Nolt & David L. Weaver-Zercher (2010).

8287:

Kraybill, Donald B., Steven M. Nolt & David L. Weaver-Zercher (2006).

6596:"Mutation of HERC2 causes developmental delay with Angelman-like features" 6203: 6114: