1829:
4672:
4662:
4652:
1697:
29:
1740:
4218:
4632:
792:
2085:
1636:
38:
4642:
1269:
1257:
2283:
342:, as opposed to the computer store-only Amiga 1000. It proved to be Commodore's best-selling model, particularly in Europe. Although popular with hobbyists, arguably its most widespread use was as a gaming machine, where its graphics and sound were of significant benefit. It was followed by a revised version of the computer, the
549:
graphics, with up to five bitplanes (four in high resolution) allowing 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-color screens, from a palette of 4096 colors. Two special graphics modes are also available: Extra HalfBrite, which uses a sixth bitplane as a mask to cut the brightness of any pixel in half (resulting in
403:
pack in the United
Kingdom at £399, although many stores still advertised it as an 'A500'. The Amiga 500 Plus was virtually identical except for its new operating system, different 'trap-door' expansion slot and slightly different keyboard, and in mid-1992, the two were discontinued and effectively
953:
The stock 512 KB Chip RAM can be complemented by 512 KB using a "trapdoor" expansion (Commodore A501 or compatible). While that expansion memory is connected to the chip bus, hardware limitations of early stock Agnus chip revisions prevent its use as Chip RAM, only the CPU can access it.
2188:
image into memory and booted the machine into
Kickstart 1.3, allowing most incompatible software to run (the software did take up 512 KB of system memory, meaning that some 1 MB only games would now fail for lack of available memory). In some cases, updated compatible versions of games
1799:
Owing to the inexpensive cost of the Amiga 500 in then price-sensitive Europe, sales of the Amiga family of computers were strongest there, constituting 85 percent of
Commodore's total sales in the fourth quarter of 1990. The Amiga 500 was widely perceived as a gaming machine and the Amiga 2000 a
992:
Internal or external CPU accelerators often include their own expansion memory. 16-bit CPUs are limited by the 24-bit address space but they can repurpose otherwise unused memory space for their included RAM. 32-bit CPU accelerators aren't limited by 24-bit addressing and can include up to
544:
as the Amiga 1000. So graphics can be displayed in multiple resolutions and color depths, even on the same screen. Resolutions vary from 320×200 (up to 32 colors) to 640×400 (up to 16 colors) for NTSC (704×484 overscan) and 320×256 to 640×512 for PAL (704×576 overscan.) The system uses
2171:
switching boards, that could allow the Amiga 500+ to be downgraded to
Kickstart 1.2 or 1.3. It also encouraged game developers to use better programming habits, which was important since Commodore already had plans for the introduction of the next-generation
712:(also coaxial). On the left side, behind a plastic cover, there is a Zorro (Zorro I) bus expansion external edge connector with 86 pins. Peripherals such as a hard disk drive can be added via the expansion slot and are configured automatically by the Amiga's
412:, a machine closer in concept to the original Amiga 500, but with significant technical improvements. Despite this, neither the A1200 nor the A600 replicated the commercial success of its predecessor. By this time, the home market was strongly shifting to
2066:
Although officially introduced in 1992, some Amiga 500 units sold in late 1991 actually featured the revised motherboard used in the A500+. Although the Amiga 500+ was an improvement to the Amiga 500, it was minor. It was discontinued and replaced by the
1719:
The 512 KB trap-door RAM and 512 KB of original chip RAM will result in 1 MB of total memory. The added memory is known as "Slow RAM", as its access is impacted by chip-bus bandwidth contention, while the chipset is not actually able to address it.
2211:
machines with the "Amiga phase-alternated linescan version 4.01/ECS". This solved compatibility issues with the graphics which appeared garbled on ECS machines, and it also slashed the in-game loading times from around 20 seconds to just over 6.
775:, or ABS. ABS degrades with time due to exposure to oxygen, causing a yellowing of the case. Other factors contributing to the degradation and yellowing include heat, shear, and ultraviolet light. The yellowing can be reversed by using an
763:
via the side expansion slot; or by removing the CPU and plugging a CPU expansion card into the CPU socket (this requires opening the computer and thus voided any remaining warranty). In fact, all the custom chips can be upgraded to the
1482:
Several companies provided combined CPU, memory and hard drive upgrades – or provided chainable expansions that extended the bus as they were added – as there is only one side expansion
1417:
Expansion ports are limited to a side expansion port and a trapdoor expansion on the underside of the machine. The casing can also be opened up (voiding the warranty), all larger chips are socketed rather than being
822:. The hardware channels have independent volumes (65 levels) and sampling rates, and are mixed down to two fully left and fully right stereo outputs. A software controllable low-pass audio filter is also included.
728:). This extra RAM is classified as "fast" RAM, but is sometimes referred to as "slow" RAM: due to the design of the expansion bus, it is actually on the chipset bus. Such upgrades usually include a battery-backed
2051:) is a revised version of the original Amiga 500 computer. The A500+ featured minor changes to the motherboard to make it cheaper to produce than the original A500. It was notable for introducing new versions of
1803:
It has been claimed that
Commodore sold as many as six million units worldwide. However, Commodore UK refuted that figure and said that the entire Amiga line sold between four and five million computers. Indeed,
720:
of so-called "fast RAM" (memory that can be accessed by the CPU only) can be added using the side expansion slot. This connector is electronically identical with the Amiga 1000's, but swapped on the other side.
456:, four cursor keys, and a number pad. All European versions the keyboard have an additional two keys, except for the British variety, which still uses 94 keys. It uses a Motorola 68000 microprocessor running at
300:
home computer, "redefining the home computer market and making so-called luxury features such as multitasking and colour a standard long before
Microsoft or Apple sold these to the masses." It contains the same
934:
wide span. This works by letting each pixel position use the previous RGB value and modify one of the red, green or blue values to a new 4-bit value. This will cause some negligible colour artifacts however.
572:. Each hardware channel has its own independent volume level and sampling rate, and can be designated to another channel where it can modulate both volume and frequency using its own output. With
902:
Graphics can be of arbitrary dimensions, resolution and colour depth, even on the same screen. The Amiga can show multiple resolution modes at the same time, splitting the screen vertically.
747:
The Amiga 500 also sports an unusual feature for a budget machine, socketed chips, which allow easy replacement of defective chips. The CPU can be directly upgraded on the motherboard to a
1727:
chip is the newer ECS version, shipped in later A500 motherboards. Newest (rev 8) A500s would share motherboard with A500+, and configure the expansion memory as CHIP by default.
980:"Fast" RAM is located on the CPU-side bus. Its access is exclusive to the CPU and not slowed by any chipset access. The side expansion port allows for up to 8 MB of
945:
Using various expansion techniques, the A500's total RAM can reach up to 138 MB – 2 MB Chip RAM, 8 MB 16-bit Fast RAM, and 128 MB 32-bit Fast RAM.
1704:
A popular expansion for the Amiga 500 was the Amiga 501 circuit board that can be installed underneath the computer behind a plastic cover. The expansion contains
327:. It was initially available in the Netherlands in April 1987, then the rest of Europe in May. In North America and the UK it was released in October 1987 with a
1454:
trapdoor chip RAM without clock, but there was no visible means on board to map any of this as FAST, causing incompatibility with some stubbornly coded programs.
954:
Suffering from the same contention limitations as Chip RAM, that memory is known as "Slow RAM" or "Pseudo-fast RAM". Agnus revisions shipped with late A500 are
732:. All versions of the A500 can have the additional RAM configured as chip RAM by a simple hardware modification, which involves fitting a later model (8372A)
899:
mode: 768×484 maximum (overscan interlaced if viewed on composite monitor/TV). Typical resolutions: 320×200, 640×200 or 640×400 (all displayed with borders).
537:
them. Supported by these drives are double-sided disks with a capacity of 901,120 bytes, as well as 360- and 720-KB disks formatted for IBM PC compatibles.
3469:
2656:
3443:
4115:
1264:, two audio connectors, a floppy drive port, a serial and a parallel port, a power input, and two separate inputs for RGB and monochrome monitors.
4701:
4580:
2913:
2871:
1429:
The CPU can be upgraded to a
Motorola 68010 directly or to a 68020, 68030 or 68040 via the side expansion slot or a CPU socket adapter board.
908:
graphics are used, with up to five bitplanes (four in hires); this allowed 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 colour screens, from a palette of 4096 colours.
2972:
565:
The sound chip produces four hardware-mixed channels, two to the left and two to the right, of 8-bit PCM at a sampling frequency up to
4645:
3696:
3566:
3415:
3266:
652:). There is a floppy drive port for daisy-chaining up to three extra floppy disk drives via a DB23F connector. The then-standard
965:
adapter, that memory will be mapped as either split on Chip RAM and Slow RAM or fully as Slow RAM, depending on configuration.
2544:
4108:
3250:
2956:
3512:
3335:
3942:
3383:
1723:
Later revisions of the motherboard provide solder-jumpers to relocate the trap-door RAM to the chip memory pool, given the
1066:
534:
4706:
4438:
3947:
2682:
2483:
2816:
3592:
3646:
3606:
3549:
2788:
2446:
2132:
1683:
3669:
2114:
1665:
4635:
4101:
3367:
2940:
2514:
1499:
When the computer is powered on a self-diagnostic test is run that will indicates failure with a specific colour:
772:
692:
for standard video modes, which is compatible with NTSC television and CVBS/RGB video, but out of range for most
3307:
4665:
2110:
1661:
4247:
2308:
3689:
2153:
1793:
554:(HAM) which allows all 4096 colors to be used on screen simultaneously. Later revisions of the chipset are
3535:
4237:
2384:
Using existing hardware, an A500 can be expanded by an internal CPU board with up to 128 MB like a
1786:
The Amiga 500 was the best-selling model in the Amiga family of computers. The German computer magazine
3162:
2106:
1657:
961:
Additionally, several third-party expansions exist with up to 2 MB on the trapdoor board. Using a
905:
546:
309:, as well as the same graphics and sound coprocessors, but is in a smaller case similar to that of the
3149:
2267:
4313:
3721:
3071:
3028:
2296:
2190:
1389:
monitors. A digital 16 colour Red-Green-Blue-Intensity signal is available too on the same connector.
708:
to provide output on televisions with a coaxial RF input, while monochrome video is available via an
320:
2849:
2163:) failed to work on the Amiga 500+, and some people took them back to dealers demanding an original
4675:
4529:
3002:
2095:
1646:
972:
Agnus on an adapter board, it is possible to expand the Chip RAM to 2 MB, matching the A500+.
487:
and uses a 16-bit external data bus and a 24-bit address bus, providing a maximum of 16 MB of
367:
2903:
2879:
1813:
The machine is reported to have sold 1,160,500 units in
Germany (including Amiga 500 Plus sales).
4655:
4124:
3937:
3682:
3588:
3572:
3518:
2980:
2224:
2208:
2099:
1921:
1842:
1650:
1527:
1461:
RAM on the board, then run extra address lines to the trapdoor slot to accommodate an additional
1419:
1062:
955:
804:
765:
316:
161:
51:
1751:
448:" during development, the Amiga 500's base houses a keyboard and a CPU in one shell, unlike the
3952:
1792:
awarded the model the annual "Home
Computer of the Year" title three consecutive times. At the
800:
780:
541:
230:
3361:
2385:
1385:(A520) was frequently bundled with the machine to provide output on regular televisions or on
505:-inch floppy disk drive. The user can also install up to three external floppy drives, either
483:
regions. The CPU implements a 32-bit model and has 32-bit registers, but it has a 16-bit main
4323:
4082:
4005:
3990:
2436:
2147:
1548:
1473:
1341:
484:
389:
241:
2408:
962:
4036:
4000:
3973:
3957:
3932:
3711:
2404:
2305:
2263:
1724:
1598:
1552:
1423:
1370:
914:
733:
693:
581:
573:
417:
379:
2469:
917:(EHB), which uses a sixth bitplane as a mask that halved the brightness of any colour seen
8:
1282:
1261:
633:
1796:
1991, it also won the
Leisure Award for the similar "Home Computer of the Year" title.
1709:
1457:
There were modification instructions available for the A500 to solder or socket another
533:-inch, via the disk drive port. The second and third additional drives are installed by
452:. The keyboard for Amiga 500s sold in the United States contains 94 keys, including ten
4010:
3389:
3239:
3208:
3057:
2593:
2167:
1.3 Amiga 500. This problem was largely solved by third parties who produced Kickstart
1584:
1562:
1309:
A floppy drive port (DB23F), for daisy-chaining up to 3 extra floppy disk drives via a
1101:
776:
374:
4539:
4232:
4041:
3927:
3642:
3638:
3602:
3545:
3463:
3379:
3246:
3212:
2952:
2784:
2605:
2601:
2442:
2259:
2181:
2164:
2060:
2052:
1771:
1513:
1444:
1374:
1290:
1231:
923:(HAM), which allows all 4096 colours on screen at once. HAM makes it possible to use
890:
837:
697:
641:
604:
421:
413:
366:
in the United Kingdom (from October 1989 to September 1990) which included the games
3393:
1828:
893:/TV). Typical resolutions: 320×256, 640×256 or 640×512 (all displayed with borders).
550:
32 arbitrary colors plus 32 more colors set at half the value of the first 32), and
4590:
4333:
4282:
3634:
3371:
2944:
2552:
2168:
1908:
1517:
886:
724:
The Amiga 500 has a "trap-door" slot on the underside for a RAM upgrade (typically
148:
1476:
with a non-EC (without reduced data/address bus) processor and 32-bit RAM is used.
685:
NTSC through a proprietary DB23M connector and in NTSC mode the line frequency is
4565:
4318:
4193:
4077:
4031:
3624:
3200:
2204:
1788:
1713:
1405:
1386:
1366:
1345:
1148:
920:
729:
689:
672:
551:
2176:
computer. A program, Relokick, was also released (and included with an issue of
4696:
4534:
4524:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4408:
4381:
4242:
4072:
4026:
3825:
3799:
3739:
3598:
3541:
3109:
2780:
2631:
2221:
1926:
1534:
1531:
1310:
1194:
760:
756:
752:
748:
630:
626:
600:
429:
396:
355:
343:
302:
272:
166:
3483:
3375:
2948:
2690:
2491:
1696:
4690:
4611:
4570:
4497:
4492:
4446:
4338:
4277:
4203:
4198:
4067:
4062:
4057:
3978:
3890:
3216:
2609:
2567:
2372:
2199:
1862:
1393:
1324:
1296:
709:
660:
645:
488:
441:
310:
71:
3134:
3116:
2824:
1622:
Overall (base): 6.2 cm x 47.4 cm x 33 cm; 2 7/16 in x 18 11/16 in x 13 in.
700:
is required for some of the higher resolutions. This connection can also be
4502:
4397:
4328:
4308:
4188:
4151:
4145:
3995:
3983:
3906:
3779:
3674:
3420:
2908:
2720:
2288:
1806:
1544:
1382:
1303:
1273:
1260:
Backside of the base of the Amiga 500. From left to right, it features two
984:
expansion RAM. Alternatively, a CPU adapter allows for internal expansion.
705:
649:
453:
445:
425:
385:
339:
28:
4093:
1490:
software, so multiple pieces of hardware did not conflict with each other.
1479:
Hard drive and other peripherals can be added via the side expansion slot.
716:
standard, so that multiple devices do not conflict with each other. Up to
4606:
4428:
4402:
4303:
4183:
4168:
3911:
3789:
3774:
1986:
1969:
205:
82:
2775:
Peck, Robert; Deyl, Susan; Miner, Jay; Raymond, Chris (September 1986).
2744:
1739:
1472:
of "fast RAM" can be added via the side expansion slot, even more if an
855:
with custom formatting (such as Klaus Deppich's diskspare.device). Uses
359:
4585:
4560:
4423:
4418:
4391:
4386:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4356:
3794:
3784:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3729:
3180:
2708:
2522:
2173:
1992:
1975:
1487:
1036:
969:
958:
and allow use of trapdoor RAM as real Chip RAM for a total 1 MB.
713:
657:
449:
409:
324:
306:
259:
4217:
1426:
soldered directly to the motherboard, so they can be replaced by hand.
833:
1.2 or 1.3 (upgradeable up to 3.1.4 if 2 MB of RAM are installed)
807:(1.3 and 500+ 2.04 models) chipset. ECS revisions of the chipset made
791:
4413:
4178:
3744:
3630:
3312:
2703:
Everything George Robbins worked on was some reference to the B-52's.
2068:
2031:
1437:
1377:
is required for some higher resolutions. This connection can also be
568:
463:
405:
392:
which allows the A500 to be used with a conventional CRT television.
277:
156:
v1.2 – 1.3 (upgradable to current version if enough RAM is installed)
3363:
Introduction to the History of Computing: A Computing History Primer
2756:
2084:
2059:, and for some minor improvements in the custom chips, known as the
1833:
Base of the Amiga 500 Plus, with the Italian variant of the keyboard
1635:
4616:
4173:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3820:
3815:
3271:
2400:
2243:
2239:
2177:
2145:
Due to the new Kickstart v2.04, quite a few popular games (such as
1957:
1953:
1900:
1810:
provides a year-by-year graph of the sales of all Amiga computers.
1398:
1286:
981:
883:
637:
332:
193:
140:
42:
A500 with 1084S monitor and Amiga 1010 external second floppy drive
1219:
512K System ROM (reserved for extended ROM image e.g. CDTV or CD)
37:
4555:
3865:
3844:
3090:
2301:
2056:
1913:
1775:
1530:
has crashed (no trap routine or trying to run bad code) or a bad
1378:
1369:
for standard Amiga video modes. This is not compatible with most
1276:
output to be connected to a TV, or composite output to a monitor.
1126:
Internal expansion memory (pseudo-fast, "slow" RAM on Amiga 500)
830:
701:
592:
576:
disabled it's possible to output with a sampling frequency up to
153:
840:
is built in, which is completely programmable and thus can read
4575:
4287:
3849:
2732:
1317:
844:
653:
611:
3135:
abime.net – Question blinking power LED/no screen on Amiga 500
1268:
4348:
4272:
3870:
3705:
3511:
3122:
2388:, 8 MB external Fast RAM, and 2 MB Agnus expansion.
1852:
1778:
1.2, but units since October 1988 had version 1.3 installed.
1770:
Each time the Amiga 500 is booted, it executes code from the
1350:
1256:
930:
677:
297:
196:
150 ns (maximum 9 to 138 MB, depending on upgrades)
61:
3416:"A history of the Amiga, part 10: The downfall of Commodore"
783:
or antioxidants to block oxygen, the yellowing will return.
736:
chip. Likewise, all versions of the A500 can be upgraded to
704:
to an external video signal. The system was bundled with an
629:, there are many ports and expansion options. There are two
3587:
2194:
2159:
1996:
1932:
1359:
896:
812:
559:
468:
215:
172:
131:
1,160,500 units in Germany (including Amiga 500 Plus sales)
3565:
3186:
2750:
2726:
2714:
2071:
in summer 1992, making it the shortest-lived Amiga model.
399:
replaced the 500 in some markets. It was bundled with the
2185:
2011:
1979:
1940:
879:
818:
Sound: 4 hardware-mixed channels of 8-bit sound at up to
808:
555:
480:
338:
The Amiga 500 was sold in the same retail outlets as the
247:
209:
180:
3594:
Amiga ROM Kernal Reference Manual: Libraries And Devices
3534:
Greenley, Larry; Green, Mark; Baker, Dan (August 1991).
3287:
1465:
of fast or chip RAM depending on the installed chipset.
1404:
Trapdoor slot under the machine, for RAM expansion and
331:
list price. It competed directly against models in the
3444:"AMIGA SOLD IN UNITS BY COMMODORE IN GERMANY REVEALED"
2939:. Polymer Science and Technology Series. Vol. 1.
1605:
One blink means the keyboard ROM has a checksum error.
1443:
Likewise, all the custom chips can be upgraded to the
3568:
Commodore Amiga A500/A2000 Technical Reference Manual
3275:. Vol. 13, no. 9. September 1991. p. 6
3052:
3050:
1593:
Black-only (no video) means there is no video output.
1401:
bus expansion on the left side behind a plastic cover
1208:
Secondary auto-config space (usually 64K I/O boards)
2803:
2774:
2278:
1506:
Medium green means no chip RAM found or is damaged.
323: – at the same time as the high-end
319:announced the Amiga 500 at the January 1987 winter
3533:
3238:
3237:Hoover, Gary; Campbell, Alta (November 19, 2021).
3096:
3047:
2762:
2738:
2438:Impossible Mission I & II - The Official Guide
603:(150 ns access time), one built-in double-density
540:The earliest Amiga 500 models use nearly the same
354:In mid-1988, the Amiga 500 dropped its price from
3058:"Amiga Graphics Archive – Amiga Graphics Archive"
1571:Light gray means that the CIA might be defective.
1358:NTSC video output, provided on an Amiga-specific
827:512 KB of chip RAM (150 ns access time)
795:The standard Amiga 500 requires floppies to boot.
491:. Also built in to the base of the computer is a
4688:
3468:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2189:were later released, such as budget versions of
993:128 MB of Fast RAM (and potentially more).
663:(DB25F) are also included. The power supply is (
1774:ROM. The Amiga 500 initially came shipped with
346:, and the 500 series was discontinued in 1992.
3236:
911:Two special graphics modes are also included:
627:Amiga 2000-compatible internal expansion slots
4109:
3690:
3450:. Archived from the original on July 13, 2017
2904:"What does it take to clean my old computer?"
2565:
2255:Built-in battery backed RTC (Real Time Clock)
2215:
1450:The A500+ model instead allowed upgrading by
607:that is completely programmable and can read
4627:† Listed in chronological order by category
3704:
3366:. Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science.
4123:
3359:
3241:Hoover's Handbook of American Business 1993
3150:amiga.serveftp.net – A3000 Booting Problems
2768:
2113:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1664:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1486:Expansions are configured automatically by
786:
362:page 7), and it was later bundled with the
100:US$ 699 (equivalent to $ 1,870 in 2023)
4216:
4116:
4102:
3697:
3683:
3484:"Amiga Beginners Series #2 - Amiga Models"
3336:"Cost of a Computer Every Year Since 1970"
2850:"Hi Res Version, Rear of Amiga 500 – 122K"
2649:
1827:
1712:" or "trap-door RAM" and a battery-backed
1625:
1611:Three blinks means watchdog timer failure.
36:
27:
3948:Amiga Advanced Architecture chipset (AAA)
3305:
2934:
2866:
2864:
2844:
2842:
2797:
2629:
2512:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2133:Learn how and when to remove this message
2074:
1684:Learn how and when to remove this message
3626:The Future Was Here: The Commodore Amiga
3441:
2470:"The Twists and Turns of the Amiga Saga"
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2242:(very early versions came with 512
2207:by Binary Design received an update for
1695:
1436:directly on the motherboard, provided a
1267:
1255:
790:
671:). The system displays video in analog
3267:"European Computer Leisure Awards 1991"
3163:"Commodore Amiga 500 Personal Computer"
2901:
2434:
2430:
2428:
408:. In late 1992, Commodore released the
296:, was the first popular version of the
103:£499 (equivalent to £1,770 in 2023)
4702:Computer-related introductions in 1987
4689:
3413:
3198:
3145:
3143:
2916:from the original on November 24, 2021
2861:
2839:
2591:
1781:
1197:auto-config space (before relocation)
584:that can be combined to output 14-bit
4097:
3678:
3622:
3333:
3293:
2322:
2262:chipset including new version of the
1800:computer for artists and hobbyists.
1440:chip is also installed to support it.
1079:Primary auto-config space (Fast RAM)
360:https://amr.abime.net/issue_535_pages
4641:
3943:Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA)
3245:. The Reference Press. p. 207.
2937:Plastics Additives: An A-Z reference
2872:"Amiga 500/600/1200 Power Connector"
2425:
2397:Agnus was enhanced to control up to
2111:adding citations to reliable sources
2078:
1734:
1662:adding citations to reliable sources
1629:
1272:The Amiga 520 adapter allows for an
3414:Reimer, Jeremy (January 22, 2017).
3306:Yin-Poole, Wesley (July 23, 2015).
3167:National Museum of American History
3140:
2407:and glue logic was integrated into
744:chip and adding additional memory.
13:
3505:
3442:Bergseth, M. (November 25, 2014).
3334:Comen, Evan (September 16, 2021).
3123:Introduction to the Amiga 500 1987
2858:070728 amigahardware.mariomisic.de
2823:. November 9, 2003. Archived from
2566:Gareth Knight (October 21, 2002).
1543:Blue means a custom chip problem (
1362:M connector. Can drive video with
987:
582:output sound with 14-bit precision
14:
4718:
3663:
3308:"The Amiga is 30 years old today"
3199:Göckel, Michael (December 1998).
2902:Johnson, Bobbie (March 4, 2009).
2371:Here, K, M, G, or T refer to the
1816:
622:using custom-formatting drivers.
4671:
4670:
4661:
4660:
4651:
4650:
4640:
4631:
4630:
3097:Greenley, Green & Baker 1991
2763:Greenley, Green & Baker 1991
2739:Greenley, Green & Baker 1991
2689:. August 3, 2002. Archived from
2281:
2083:
1738:
1634:
1432:The chip RAM can be upgraded to
1381:to an external video signal. An
851:standard Amiga disks, and up to
618:standard Amiga disks, and up to
3537:Amiga Hardware Reference Manual
3476:
3435:
3407:
3368:Springer Science+Business Media
3353:
3327:
3299:
3259:
3230:
3192:
3187:Technical Reference Manual 1987
3155:
3128:
3102:
3064:
3021:
2995:
2965:
2941:Springer Science+Business Media
2928:
2895:
2809:
2777:Amiga hardware reference manual
2751:Technical Reference Manual 1987
2727:Technical Reference Manual 1987
2715:Technical Reference Manual 1987
2675:
2623:
2515:"Commodore-Amiga Sales Figures"
2484:"Commodore-Amiga Sales Figures"
2391:
869:A two-button mouse is included.
773:acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
395:In November 1991, the enhanced
384:and the bitmap graphics editor
3639:10.7551/mitpress/9022.001.0001
2585:
2559:
2537:
2506:
2476:
2462:
2378:
2252:Workbench 37.67 (release 2.04)
2008:4× 8-bit channels PCM at max.
1708:RAM configured by default as "
1494:
696:-compatible monitors, while a
435:
16:Personal computer by Commodore
1:
4248:Commodore Semiconductor Group
3514:Introduction To The Amiga 500
3072:"NewTek DigiView Gold advert"
3029:"NewTek DigiView Gold Advert"
2817:"Aminet: mus/play/Play16.lha"
2418:
1608:Two blinks means RAM failure.
1411:
1251:
996:
815:mode switchable in software.
580:. There is a common trick to
2935:Pritchard, Geoffrey (1998).
2521:. amigau.com. Archived from
2235:(NTSC), like its predecessor
2154:Lotus Esprit Turbo Challenge
1794:European Computer Trade Show
1700:An A501 compatible expansion
1115:8520-A (odd-byte addresses)
771:The plastic case is made of
591:The stock system comes with
420:graphics and the "low-cost"
7:
4238:Commodore Business Machines
2943:. pp. 55–56, 472–473.
2854:amigahardware.mariomisic.de
2441:. Acorn Books. p. 57.
2274:
2015:with 6-bit volume in stereo
1874:; 33 years ago
1730:
1241:
1238:
1226:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1190:
1187:
1179:
1176:
1168:
1165:
1157:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1133:
1130:
1122:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1097:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1075:
1072:
1057:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1031:
1028:
1020:
1017:
975:
948:
873:
349:
251:with 6-bit volume in stereo
10:
4723:
4707:68000-based home computers
2594:"End of the line for A500"
2592:Storer, Andy (July 1992).
2568:"Cartoon Classics Bundles"
605:standard floppy disk drive
222:368×483i 6 bpp (NTSC)
4625:
4599:
4548:
4515:
4485:
4437:
4347:
4296:
4265:
4258:
4225:
4214:
4161:
4138:
4131:
4050:
4019:
3966:
3920:
3899:
3858:
3837:
3808:
3720:
3376:10.1007/978-3-319-33138-6
2949:10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6
2488:www.amigahistory.plus.com
2297:Amiga models and variants
2027:
2019:
2004:
1964:
1948:
1920:
1907:
1895:
1887:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1826:
940:
859:(5 rotations/second) and
440:Outwardly resembling the
321:Consumer Electronics Show
265:
255:
236:
226:
220:368×567i 6 bpp (PAL)
200:
188:
160:
147:
135:
125:
110:
93:
77:
67:
57:
47:
35:
26:
4666:Storage devices template
4530:Commodore 64 peripherals
4148:(founder/CEO, 1958–1984)
4011:other Amiga custom chips
3360:O'Regan, Gerard (2016).
2435:Weßling, Holger (2020).
2315:
2249:Kickstart 2.04 (v37.175)
2216:Technical specifications
1822:Commodore Amiga 500 Plus
1392:Monochrome video via an
1002:Amiga system memory map
836:One 3.5" double-density
803:(1.2 and 1.3 models) or
787:Technical specifications
740:chip RAM by fitting the
656:serial port (DB25M) and
562:switchable in software.
388:. Also included was the
4656:Amiga hardware template
4581:List of cancelled games
4125:Commodore International
3928:Original Chip Set (OCS)
3589:Commodore International
3573:Commodore International
3519:Commodore International
3076:Amiga Hardware Database
3033:Amiga Hardware Database
3007:amigax1000.blogspot.com
3003:"AmigaOS 3.1.4 on A500"
2663:. June 1987. p. 52
2375:based on powers of 1024
1843:Commodore International
1626:Trap-door expansion 501
1583:mean there is a ROM or
1581:Black and white stripes
882:mode: 768×580 maximum (
766:Amiga Enhanced Chip Set
595:version 1.2 or 1.3 and
52:Commodore International
3938:Enhanced Chipset (ECS)
3670:Amiga 500 Buyers guide
3448:Distrita - Where to Go
2683:"Mystery Motherboards"
2075:Compatibility problems
1701:
1277:
1265:
1172:Custom chip registers
1104:(even-byte addresses)
1061:Extended Chip RAM for
968:Furthermore, using an
796:
542:Original Amiga chipset
4083:Amiga video connector
3953:Commodore AA+ Chipset
3859:Unofficial PPC models
3838:Unofficial 68k models
3623:Maher, Jimmy (2018).
3203:[Currently].
3152:read November 3, 2011
3137:read November 3, 2011
2977:www.old-computers.com
2882:on September 27, 2007
2494:on September 27, 2018
2304: – an
2148:Treasure Island Dizzy
1699:
1342:Amiga video connector
1271:
1259:
794:
390:Amiga video connector
381:The New Zealand Story
214:736×483i 4 bpp (
4486:Cancelled prototypes
3958:Amiga Hombre chipset
2892:070808 ntrautanen.fi
2306:open-source hardware
2107:improve this section
1658:improve this section
1283:Atari joystick ports
1262:Atari joystick ports
634:Atari joystick ports
625:Despite the lack of
292:, also known as the
89:October 1987 (US/UK)
3296:, pp. 178–180.
3209:Markt & Technik
3009:. December 15, 2018
2693:on February 8, 2011
2687:amiga history guide
2632:"Commodore History"
2549:Amiga History Guide
2197:, and an update to
1823:
1782:Reception and sales
1320:serial port (DB25M)
1050:Chip RAM expansion
1003:
644:, and stereo audio
23:
4676:MOS chips template
4139:Board of directors
4051:3rd Party Hardware
3967:Amiga custom chips
3540:(Third ed.).
3488:www.amigaretro.com
3110:"Amiga memory map"
2636:Amigahistory.co.uk
2572:Amigahistory.co.uk
2555:on March 27, 2020.
2545:"A500 Batman Pack"
1821:
1750:. You can help by
1702:
1601:uses blink codes:
1561:Light green means
1278:
1266:
1001:
797:
781:stabilizing agents
777:optical brightener
414:IBM PC compatibles
375:F/A-18 Interceptor
240:4× 8-bit channels
94:Introductory price
21:
4684:
4683:
4540:Super Expander 64
4511:
4510:
4439:IBM PC compatible
4233:Amiga Corporation
4212:
4211:
4091:
4090:
3252:978-1-878753-03-8
2983:on March 30, 2010
2958:978-94-011-5862-6
2876:www.ntrautanen.fi
2827:on March 20, 2020
2765:, p. 6, 335.
2729:, pp. 45–46.
2602:Future Publishing
2180:) which loaded a
2143:
2142:
2135:
2061:Enhanced Chip Set
2037:
2036:
1768:
1767:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1526:Yellow means the
1375:Multisync monitor
1249:
1248:
1230:256K System ROM (
891:composite monitor
866:Built-in keyboard
838:floppy disk drive
779:, though without
698:multisync monitor
422:Macintosh Classic
286:
285:
192:512 or 1024
87:May 1987 (Europe)
4714:
4674:
4673:
4664:
4663:
4654:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4634:
4633:
4263:
4262:
4220:
4154:(CEO, 1984–1989)
4136:
4135:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4037:Extra Half-Brite
3900:Amiga prototypes
3715:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3597:(2nd ed.).
3584:
3582:
3580:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3467:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3385:978-3-319-331386
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3244:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2979:. Archived from
2969:
2963:
2962:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2878:. Archived from
2868:
2859:
2857:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2813:
2807:
2804:Peck et al. 1986
2801:
2795:
2794:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2604:. pp. 7–8.
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2551:. Archived from
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2490:. Archived from
2480:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2432:
2412:
2411:to reduce costs.
2403:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2234:
2230:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2087:
2079:
2014:
2000:
1983:
1944:
1936:
1909:Operating system
1882:
1880:
1875:
1831:
1824:
1820:
1763:
1760:
1742:
1735:
1707:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1638:
1630:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1570:
1560:
1542:
1525:
1511:
1505:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1435:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1337:
1333:
1302:
1245:256K System ROM
1234:2.04 or higher)
1004:
1000:
933:
926:
915:Extra Half Brite
862:
858:
854:
850:
843:
821:
768:(ECS) versions.
743:
739:
727:
719:
688:
684:
680:
670:
666:
621:
617:
610:
598:
587:
579:
571:
532:
531:
527:
524:
518:
517:
513:
510:
504:
503:
499:
496:
478:
476:
466:
461:
404:replaced by the
401:Cartoon Classics
330:
250:
204:736×567i 4
184:
176:
149:Operating system
121:
119:
40:
31:
24:
20:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4621:
4595:
4566:Commodore BASIC
4544:
4517:
4507:
4481:
4433:
4343:
4292:
4254:
4221:
4208:
4194:Carl Sassenrath
4157:
4127:
4122:
4092:
4087:
4078:Amiga Zorro III
4046:
4032:Hold-And-Modify
4015:
3962:
3916:
3895:
3854:
3833:
3809:AmigaOne models
3804:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3666:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3578:
3576:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3524:
3522:
3508:
3506:Further reading
3503:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3451:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3386:
3370:. p. 139.
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3197:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2900:
2896:
2885:
2883:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2773:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2696:
2694:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2657:"Low-End Amiga"
2655:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2630:Gareth Knight.
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2600:. No. 15.
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2564:
2560:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2525:on May 24, 2009
2513:Gareth Knight.
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2433:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2373:binary prefixes
2370:
2323:
2318:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2205:Double Dragon 2
2139:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2104:
2088:
2077:
2009:
1990:
1984:
1973:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1834:
1819:
1784:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1748:needs expansion
1733:
1714:real-time clock
1705:
1690:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1655:
1639:
1628:
1618:
1590:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1558:
1540:
1523:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1433:
1414:
1406:real-time clock
1363:
1355:
1348:
1335:
1331:
1300:
1254:
1149:Real time clock
999:
990:
988:Accelerator RAM
978:
951:
943:
928:
924:
921:Hold-And-Modify
876:
860:
856:
852:
848:
841:
819:
789:
741:
737:
730:real-time clock
725:
717:
686:
682:
675:
668:
664:
619:
615:
608:
596:
585:
577:
566:
552:Hold-And-Modify
529:
525:
522:
520:
515:
511:
508:
506:
501:
497:
494:
492:
474:
472:
459:
457:
444:and codenamed "
438:
352:
328:
282:
245:
221:
219:
213:
178:
177:
170:
130:
117:
115:
106:
88:
86:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4720:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4658:
4648:
4638:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4535:Super Expander
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4243:MOS Technology
4240:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4142:
4140:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4073:Amiga Zorro II
4070:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:Ranger Chipset
3930:
3924:
3922:
3921:Amiga chipsets
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3830:AmigaOne X5000
3828:
3826:AmigaOne X1000
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3664:External links
3662:
3661:
3660:
3647:
3620:
3607:
3599:Addison-Wesley
3585:
3563:
3550:
3542:Addison-Wesley
3531:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3475:
3434:
3406:
3384:
3352:
3326:
3298:
3286:
3258:
3251:
3229:
3211:. p. 12.
3191:
3179:
3154:
3139:
3127:
3125:, p. 2-1.
3115:
3101:
3099:, p. 314.
3089:
3063:
3046:
3020:
2994:
2964:
2957:
2927:
2894:
2860:
2838:
2808:
2796:
2789:
2783:. p. 72.
2781:Addison Wesley
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2674:
2648:
2622:
2584:
2558:
2536:
2519:www.amigau.com
2505:
2475:
2461:
2447:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2390:
2377:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:implementation
2299:
2293:
2292:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2236:
2222:Motorola 68000
2217:
2214:
2141:
2140:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2041:Amiga 500 Plus
2035:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1927:Motorola 68000
1924:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:Product family
1846:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1818:
1817:Amiga 500 Plus
1815:
1783:
1780:
1766:
1765:
1745:
1743:
1732:
1729:
1692:
1691:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1572:
1566:
1556:
1538:
1535:expansion card
1521:
1512:Red means bad
1507:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1466:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1430:
1427:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1364:15.75 kHz
1339:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1297:RCA connectors
1293:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
998:
995:
989:
986:
977:
974:
950:
947:
942:
939:
938:
937:
936:
935:
918:
909:
903:
900:
894:
875:
872:
871:
870:
867:
864:
834:
828:
825:
824:
823:
788:
785:
687:15.75 kHz
646:RCA connectors
535:daisy-chaining
437:
434:
397:Amiga 500 Plus
386:Deluxe Paint 2
351:
348:
344:Amiga 500 Plus
303:Motorola 68000
284:
283:
281:
280:
275:
273:Amiga 500 Plus
269:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
202:
198:
197:
190:
186:
185:
167:Motorola 68000
164:
158:
157:
151:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
112:
108:
107:
105:
104:
101:
97:
95:
91:
90:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
59:
58:Product family
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4719:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4677:
4669:
4667:
4659:
4657:
4649:
4647:
4639:
4637:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4612:Commodore USA
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4591:Simons' BASIC
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:Commodore DOS
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:Commodore 900
4496:
4494:
4493:Commodore LCD
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4339:Commodore 128
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4205:
4204:Robert Yannes
4202:
4200:
4199:Shiraz Shivji
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Amiga Sidecar
4066:
4064:
4063:Action Replay
4061:
4059:
4058:Flicker fixer
4056:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3891:Sam460ex Lite
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3881:Sam440ep-flex
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3650:
3648:9780262535694
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3610:
3608:0-201-18187-8
3604:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3591:(June 1990).
3590:
3586:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3553:
3551:0-201-56776-8
3547:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3532:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3471:
3465:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3410:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3356:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3254:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3233:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3207:(in German).
3206:
3205:Amiga Magazin
3202:
3195:
3188:
3183:
3172:September 27,
3168:
3164:
3158:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3136:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3111:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2898:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2800:
2792:
2790:0-201-11077-6
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2759:
2753:, p. 90.
2752:
2747:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2704:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2598:Amiga Shopper
2595:
2588:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2471:
2465:
2450:
2448:9781789824575
2444:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2387:
2386:DCE Viper 530
2381:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2279:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2200:Bubble Bobble
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2137:
2134:
2126:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2092:This section
2090:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:Home computer
1861:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1762:
1759:November 2021
1753:
1749:
1746:This section
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1688:
1685:
1677:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1643:This section
1641:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1597:The keyboard
1589:
1586:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1467:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:RCA connector
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1330:Power inlet (
1329:
1326:
1325:parallel port
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1298:
1295:Stereo audio
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1039:option card)
1038:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
994:
985:
983:
973:
971:
966:
964:
959:
957:
946:
932:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:if viewed on
888:
885:
881:
878:
877:
868:
865:
846:
839:
835:
832:
829:
826:
817:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
799:
798:
793:
784:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
735:
731:
722:
715:
711:
710:RCA connector
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
679:
674:
662:
661:parallel port
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
628:
623:
613:
606:
602:
594:
589:
583:
575:
570:
563:
561:
557:
553:
548:
543:
538:
536:
490:
489:address space
486:
482:
470:
465:
455:
454:function keys
451:
447:
443:
442:Commodore 128
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
382:
377:
376:
371:
370:
365:
361:
358:499 to £399 (
357:
347:
345:
341:
336:
334:
326:
322:
318:
314:
312:
311:Commodore 128
308:
304:
299:
295:
291:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
268:
264:
261:
258:
254:
249:
243:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
217:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
174:
168:
165:
163:
159:
155:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
128:
124:
113:
109:
102:
99:
98:
96:
92:
84:
80:
76:
73:
72:Home computer
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
25:
19:
4503:Commodore 65
4361:
4329:Commodore 16
4309:Commodore 64
4226:Subsidiaries
4189:Chuck Peddle
4152:Irving Gould
4146:Jack Tramiel
3996:Denise (OCS)
3821:AmigaOne 500
3734:
3722:Amiga models
3654:November 19,
3652:. Retrieved
3625:
3614:November 25,
3612:. Retrieved
3593:
3579:November 25,
3577:. Retrieved
3567:
3557:November 24,
3555:. Retrieved
3536:
3525:November 24,
3523:. Retrieved
3513:
3491:. Retrieved
3487:
3478:
3452:. Retrieved
3447:
3437:
3427:November 19,
3425:. Retrieved
3421:Ars Technica
3419:
3409:
3399:November 19,
3397:. Retrieved
3362:
3355:
3345:November 19,
3343:. Retrieved
3340:24/7 Wall St
3339:
3329:
3319:November 19,
3317:. Retrieved
3311:
3301:
3289:
3279:November 19,
3277:. Retrieved
3270:
3261:
3240:
3232:
3222:November 25,
3220:. Retrieved
3204:
3194:
3189:, p. 1.
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3166:
3157:
3130:
3118:
3104:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3075:
3066:
3037:. Retrieved
3032:
3023:
3013:September 3,
3011:. Retrieved
3006:
2997:
2987:December 15,
2985:. Retrieved
2981:the original
2976:
2967:
2936:
2930:
2920:November 24,
2918:. Retrieved
2909:The Guardian
2907:
2897:
2884:. Retrieved
2880:the original
2875:
2853:
2831:February 16,
2829:. Retrieved
2825:the original
2820:
2811:
2806:, p. 37
2799:
2776:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2741:, p. 2.
2734:
2722:
2717:, p. 2.
2710:
2702:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:the original
2686:
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2660:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2635:
2625:
2615:November 24,
2613:. Retrieved
2597:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2571:
2561:
2553:the original
2548:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2523:the original
2518:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2492:the original
2487:
2478:
2464:
2454:November 19,
2452:. Retrieved
2437:
2393:
2380:
2289:Amiga portal
2198:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2120:
2105:Please help
2093:
2065:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2038:
1903:floppy disks
1888:Discontinued
1869:Release date
1812:
1807:Ars Technica
1805:
1802:
1798:
1787:
1785:
1769:
1756:
1752:adding to it
1747:
1722:
1718:
1703:
1680:
1671:
1656:Please help
1644:
1621:
1617:Measurements
1615:
1614:
1596:
1591:
1569:
1559:
1541:
1524:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1373:monitors. A
1274:RF modulated
1013:Description
991:
979:
967:
960:
952:
944:
770:
746:
723:
624:
590:
564:
539:
471:regions and
446:Rock Lobster
439:
400:
394:
380:
373:
368:
363:
353:
340:Commodore 64
337:
329:US$ 699/£499
315:
293:
289:
287:
143:floppy disks
111:Discontinued
81:April 1987 (
78:Release date
18:
4607:Amiga, Inc.
4324:Educator 64
4304:MAX Machine
4184:Dave Needle
4169:Dave Haynie
3991:Alice (AGA)
3912:Power A5000
2973:"Amiga 500"
2667:November 5,
2498:February 4,
2227:running at
2020:Predecessor
1985:640×200, 4
1968:640×256, 4
1495:Diagnostics
1474:accelerator
1344:: Analogue
1316:A standard
982:Zorro-style
742:8372B Agnus
726:512 KB
616:880 KB
609:720 KB
597:512 KB
586:56 kHz
578:56 kHz
436:Description
364:Batman Pack
256:Predecessor
129:2.6 million
83:Netherlands
4691:Categories
4586:Magic Desk
4561:Amiga Unix
4525:1351 mouse
4259:Computers†
4001:Lisa (AGA)
3294:Maher 2018
2821:aminet.net
2419:References
2174:Amiga 1200
2123:March 2021
2063:(or ECS).
2047:or simply
1939:7.09 MHz (
1931:7.16 MHz (
1488:AutoConfig
1412:Expansions
1383:RF adapter
1356:60 Hz
1336:±12 V
1252:Connectors
1239:0xFC 0000
1224:0xF8 0000
1213:0xF0 0000
1202:0xE9 0000
1188:0xE8 0000
1177:0xE0 0000
1166:0xDF F000
1155:0xDD 0000
1142:0xDC 0000
1131:0xD8 0000
1120:0xC0 0000
1109:0xBF E001
1095:0xBF D000
1084:0xA0 0000
1073:0x20 0000
1055:0x10 0000
1044:0x08 0000
1035:Chip RAM (
1029:0x04 0000
1018:0x00 0000
1010:Size in KB
997:Memory map
887:interlaced
861:250 kbit/s
751:; or to a
714:AutoConfig
706:RF adapter
683:60 Hz
669:±12 V
658:Centronics
648:(1 V
450:Amiga 1000
410:Amiga 1200
325:Amiga 2000
307:Amiga 1000
260:Amiga 1000
179:7.09 MHz (
171:7.16 MHz (
126:Units sold
4179:Jay Miner
4162:Engineers
4042:Kickstart
3708:hardware
3631:MIT Press
3313:Eurogamer
3217:0933-8713
3201:"Aktuell"
3082:April 12,
3039:April 12,
2886:August 8,
2610:0961-7302
2266:chip and
2182:Kickstart
2165:Kickstart
2094:does not
2069:Amiga 600
2057:Workbench
2053:Kickstart
2045:A500 Plus
2032:Amiga 600
2028:Successor
2023:Amiga 500
1839:Developer
1772:Kickstart
1674:June 2023
1645:does not
1514:kickstart
1438:Fat Agnus
1387:composite
1379:genlocked
1332:+5 V
1313:connector
1287:joysticks
1232:Kickstart
1183:Reserved
1161:Reserved
1137:Reserved
1090:Reserved
1024:Chip RAM
738:2 MB
718:8 MB
702:genlocked
665:+5 V
638:joysticks
477: MHz
406:Amiga 600
317:Commodore
290:Amiga 500
278:Amiga 600
266:Successor
139:880
48:Developer
22:Amiga 500
4636:Category
4617:Escom AG
4600:See also
4549:Software
4518:hardware
4409:500 Plus
4174:Bil Herd
4027:Chip RAM
4020:Hardware
3886:Sam460ex
3876:Sam440ep
3816:AmigaOne
3740:500 Plus
3493:July 13,
3464:cite web
3394:24592919
3272:Compute!
2914:Archived
2697:June 17,
2641:July 24,
2577:July 24,
2529:July 24,
2275:See also
2240:Chip RAM
2238:1 MB of
2233:7.16 MHz
2231:(PAL) /
2229:7.09 MHz
2178:CU Amiga
1960:maximum)
1731:Software
1710:Slow RAM
1587:problem.
1565:problem.
1447:chipset.
1399:Zorro II
1354:PAL and
1349:50
1301:1 V
1195:Zorro II
976:Fast RAM
949:Chip RAM
884:overscan
874:Graphics
676:50
601:chip RAM
567:28
432:models.
350:Releases
333:Atari ST
244:at max.
227:Graphics
4646:Commons
4556:AmigaOS
3979:Blitter
3866:Pegasos
3845:Minimig
3712:history
3454:May 15,
2399:1
2302:Minimig
2191:Lotus 1
2115:removed
2100:sources
2043:(often
1965:Display
1914:AmigaOS
1877: (
1776:AmigaOS
1716:(RTC).
1666:removed
1651:sources
1327:(DB25F)
1007:Address
927:over a
857:300 rpm
847:disks,
831:AmigaOS
681:PAL or
614:disks,
593:AmigaOS
588:sound.
528:⁄
514:⁄
500:⁄
305:as the
201:Display
154:AmigaOS
116: (
4576:KERNAL
4398:3000UX
4334:Plus/4
4288:VIC-20
4283:CBM-II
4132:People
3984:Copper
3907:Walker
3850:Natami
3780:3000UX
3645:
3605:
3575:. 1987
3548:
3521:. 1987
3392:
3382:
3249:
3215:
3078:. 1989
3035:. 1990
2955:
2787:
2608:
2445:
2268:Denise
2157:, and
1949:Memory
1706:512 KB
1579:
1576:
1545:Denise
1468:Up to
1459:512 KB
1318:RS-232
1102:8520-B
941:Memory
925:12 bpp
906:Planar
853:984 KB
849:880 KB
845:IBM PC
842:720 KB
820:28 kHz
654:RS-232
620:984 KB
612:IBM PC
547:planar
462:
428:, and
369:Batman
335:line.
231:Denise
189:Memory
4697:Amiga
4516:Other
4429:4000T
4403:3000T
4349:Amiga
4319:SX-64
4314:C64GS
4273:KIM-1
4266:Early
4006:Paula
3974:Agnus
3871:Efika
3790:4000T
3775:3000T
3706:Amiga
3390:S2CID
2316:Notes
2264:Agnus
2258:Full
2049:A500+
2005:Sound
1916:v2.04
1896:Media
1853:Amiga
1725:Agnus
1553:Agnus
1551:, or
1549:Paula
1532:Zorro
1483:slot.
1367:HSync
1311:DB23F
1037:A1000
970:A3000
931:pixel
761:68040
759:, or
757:68030
753:68020
749:68010
734:Agnus
690:HSync
519:- or
473:7.093
458:7.159
416:with
298:Amiga
237:Sound
136:Media
62:Amiga
4477:PC60
4472:PC50
4467:PC40
4462:PC30
4457:PC20
4452:PC10
4424:4000
4419:1200
4392:3000
4387:CD32
4382:CDTV
4377:1500
4372:2500
4367:2000
4357:1000
3800:CDTV
3795:CD32
3785:4000
3770:3000
3765:2500
3760:2000
3755:1500
3750:1200
3730:1000
3656:2021
3643:ISBN
3616:2021
3603:ISBN
3581:2021
3559:2021
3546:ISBN
3527:2021
3495:2024
3470:link
3456:2023
3429:2021
3401:2021
3380:ISBN
3347:2021
3321:2021
3281:2021
3247:ISBN
3224:2021
3213:ISSN
3174:2023
3084:2023
3041:2023
3015:2019
2989:2009
2953:ISBN
2922:2021
2888:2007
2833:2016
2785:ISBN
2699:2022
2669:2013
2661:BYTE
2643:2013
2617:2021
2606:ISSN
2579:2013
2531:2013
2500:2020
2456:2021
2443:ISBN
2409:Gary
2309:FPGA
2270:chip
2195:SWIV
2193:and
2184:1.3
2160:SWIV
2098:any
2096:cite
2055:and
2039:The
1997:NTSC
1956:(10
1933:NTSC
1899:880
1891:1992
1883:(UK)
1879:1991
1872:1991
1859:Type
1789:Chip
1649:any
1647:cite
1470:8 MB
1463:1 MB
1452:1 MB
1434:1 MB
1360:DB23
1291:mice
1285:for
1281:Two
1123:1536
1087:1984
1076:8192
1058:1024
963:Gary
897:NTSC
813:NTSC
642:mice
636:for
631:DE9M
560:NTSC
469:NTSC
430:IIsi
294:A500
288:The
216:NTSC
173:NTSC
118:1992
114:1992
68:Type
4447:PC1
4414:600
4362:500
4297:C64
4278:PET
3745:600
3735:500
3635:doi
3372:doi
2945:doi
2405:RAM
2260:ECS
2225:CPU
2209:ECS
2186:ROM
2169:ROM
2109:by
2012:kHz
2010:28
1991:60
1987:bpp
1980:PAL
1974:50
1970:bpp
1941:PAL
1922:CPU
1754:.
1660:by
1599:LED
1585:CIA
1563:CIA
1528:CPU
1518:ROM
1445:ECS
1424:SMD
1371:VGA
1346:RGB
1304:p-p
1289:or
1242:256
1227:256
1216:512
1205:448
1180:512
1158:188
1134:256
1112:3.8
1098:3.8
1067:AGA
1063:ECS
1047:512
1032:256
1021:256
956:ECS
880:PAL
809:PAL
805:ECS
801:OCS
694:VGA
673:RGB
650:p-p
640:or
599:of
574:DMA
569:kHz
556:PAL
485:ALU
481:PAL
479:in
467:in
464:MHz
418:VGA
248:kHz
246:28
242:PCM
210:PAL
206:bpp
181:PAL
162:CPU
4693::
3641:.
3633:.
3629:.
3601:.
3571:.
3544:.
3517:.
3486:.
3466:}}
3462:{{
3446:.
3418:.
3388:.
3378:.
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3031:.
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2874:.
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2841:^
2819:.
2779:.
2701:.
2685:.
2659:.
2634:.
2596:.
2570:.
2547:.
2517:.
2486:.
2427:^
2401:MB
2324:^
2244:KB
2203:.
2151:,
1993:Hz
1989:@
1976:Hz
1972:@
1958:MB
1954:MB
1952:1
1929:@
1901:KB
1555:).
1547:,
1420:TH
1351:Hz
1334:,
1323:A
1191:64
1145:64
929:3
755:,
678:Hz
667:,
475:79
460:09
426:LC
424:,
378:,
372:,
313:.
194:KB
169:@
141:KB
4405:)
4396:(
4117:e
4110:t
4103:v
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3698:e
3691:t
3684:v
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2246:)
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2125:)
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2117:.
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558:/
530:4
526:1
523:+
521:5
516:2
512:1
509:+
507:3
502:2
498:1
495:+
493:3
356:£
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208:(
183:)
175:)
120:)
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