682:
offers of peace. Romanos remained unrepentant, asserting that he had merely done what was "possible for a man, and which kings are bound to do, and I have fallen short in nothing. But God has fulfilled his will. And now, do what you wish and abandon recriminations." Purportedly declaring
Romanos "too trivial... to kill", Arslan then led him about the camp to sell the prisoner to one of his men. The Seljuk soldiers initially refused to spend any money on buying the emperor, until one man traded a dog for him. Next, wishing to test Romanos, Alp Arslan asked Romanos what he would do if their situation were reversed and Arslan was imprisoned by the Byzantines. Romanos bluntly answered "The worst!" His honesty impressed Arslan, who then decided to spare Romanos's life and instead ransom him back to his homeland. After agreeing on a ransom, Alp Arslan sent Romanos to Constantinople with a Turkish escort, carrying a banner above the disgraced emperor that read: "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger".
809:. Before he could pass the river safely, however, it was necessary to subdue certain fortresses, one of which was for several days vigorously defended by the rebel, Yusuf al-Kharezmi or Yusuf al-Harani. Perhaps over-eager to press on against his Qarakhanid enemy, Alp Arslan gained the governor's submission by promising the rebel 'perpetual ownership of his lands'. When Yusuf al-Harani was brought before him, the Sultan ordered that he be shot, but before the archers could raise their bows Yusuf seized a knife and threw himself at Alp Arslan, striking three blows before being slain. Four days later on 24 November 1072, Alp Arslan died and was buried at
735:, governed by Seljuq princes, were established to provide support for the soldiery and to accommodate the nomadic Turks to the established Anatolian agricultural scene. This type of military fiefdom enabled the nomadic Turks to draw on the resources of the sedentary Persians, Turks, and other established cultures within the Seljuq realm, and allowed Alp Arslan to field a huge standing army without depending on tribute from conquest to pay his soldiers. He not only had enough food from his subjects to maintain his military, but the taxes collected from traders and merchants added to his coffers sufficiently to fund his continuous wars.
436:
657:
69:
2112:
447:
2109:
1380:
2108:Çoban, R. V. (2020). The Manzikert Battle and Sultan Alp Arslan with European Perspective in the 15st Century in the Miniatures of Giovanni Boccaccio's "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium"s 226 and 232. French Manuscripts in Bibliothèque Nationale de France. S. Karakaya ve V. Baydar (Ed.), in 2nd International Muş Symposium Articles Book (pp. 48–64). Muş: Muş Alparslan University.
1379:Çoban, R. V. (2020). The Manzikert Battle and Sultan Alp Arslan with European Perspective in the 15th Century in the Miniatures of Giovanni Boccaccio's "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium"s 226 and 232. French Manuscripts in Bibliothèque Nationale de France. S. Karakaya ve V. Baydar (Ed.), in 2nd International Muş Symposium Articles Book (pp. 48-64). Muş: Muş Alparslan University.
758:
Contemporary descriptions portray Alp Arslan as "very awe-inspiring, dominating," a "greatformed one, elegant of stature. He had long, thin whiskers, which he used to knot up when shooting arrows. And they say his arrow never went astray.... From the top button of his hat to the end of his moustaches
681:
Emperor
Romanos himself was captured in battle and presented to Alp Arslan. It is reported that upon seeing the Roman emperor, the sultan leaped from his throne, commanded Romanos to kiss the ground, and stepped on his neck. He repeatedly berated the emperor, including for spurning his emissaries and
956:
This coin was struck at the mint of al-Ahwaz, the capital town of
Khuzistan, which, together with al-Basra, was the main trading city at the head of the Arabian Gulf. On it, Alp Arslan clearly states his power and prestige as "the Exalted Sultan, King of Kings, King of Islam." In the inscription on
572:
The army entered the city, massacred its inhabitants, pillaged and burned it, leaving it in ruins and taking prisoner all those who remained alive... The dead bodies were so many that they blocked the streets; one could not go anywhere without stepping over them. And the number of prisoners was not
531:
In consolidating his empire and subduing contending factions, Arslan was ably assisted by Nizam al-Mulk, and the two are credited with helping to stabilize the empire after the death of
Tughril. With peace and security established in his dominions, Arslan convoked an assembly of the states, and in
685:
The reason Alp Arslan spared
Romanos was likely to avoid a two-front war. The Fatimids were launching devastating raids on the Seljuk domains during this period, Arslan may have worried that executing the Roman emperor might escalate his conflict with the Byzantines. Romanos himself had told the
689:
After hearing of the death of
Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes, Sultan Alp Arslan pledged: "The Byzantine nation has no God, so this day the oath of peace and friendship taken by both the Persians and Byzantines is nullified; henceforth I shall consume with the sword all those people who
718:
was to continue for nearly four more centuries, the victory at
Manzikert signalled the beginning of Turkic ascendancy in Anatolia. The victory at Manzikert became so popular among the Turks that later every noble family in Anatolia claimed to have had an ancestor who had fought on that day.
853:, Arslan Shah, Tekish, Toghan-Shah, Ayaz and Buibars. One of his daughters married the son of Kurd Surkhab, son of Bard in 1068. Another daughter, Zulaikha Khatun, was married to a Muslim, son of Quraish in 1086–87. Another daughter, Aisha Khatun, married Shams al-Mulk Nasr, son of
597:. In three arduous campaigns, the Turks were defeated in detail and driven across the Euphrates in 1070. The first two campaigns were conducted by the emperor himself, while the third was directed by Manuel Comnenos, the great-uncle of Emperor
649:. The Cuman mercenaries among the Byzantine forces immediately defected to the Turkic side. Seeing this, the Western mercenaries subsequently abandoned the battlefield as well. To be exact, Romanos was betrayed by general
741:
was the son of the contender for Arslan's throne; he was appointed governor of the north-western provinces and assigned to complete the invasion of
Anatolia. An explanation for this choice can only be conjectured from
632:
slave general, Taranges, and commanded him to "Win or be beheaded." Taranges prepared for the battle by setting traps and organizing ambushes. The Seljuk and
Byzantine armies met on Friday, 26 August 1071 at
487:
After the death of his father, Alp Arslan succeeded him as governor of
Khorasan in 1059. His uncle Tughril died in 1063 and designated his successor as Suleiman, Arslan's infant brother. Arslan and his uncle
697:
urged Turkish tribes to invade and settle Anatolia where they would not only cease to be a problem for the Seljuk Sultanate but also extend its territory further. Alp Arslan commanded the Turks as follows:
573:
less than 50,000 souls. I was determined to enter the city and see the destruction with my own eyes. I tried to find a street in which I would not have to walk over the corpses, but that was impossible.
1143:
2390:
833:. Alp Arslan married her after Tughril's death in 1063. Another of his wives was Shah Khatun. She was the daughter of Qadir Khan Yusuf, and had been formerly married to Ghaznavid
837:. Another wife was Ummu Hifchaq also known as Ummu Qipchaq. Another of his wives was the daughter of King of Tashir Kiurike I, who was married to the sister of the Georgian king
653:, son of the Caesar (Romanos's stepson), who pronounced him dead and rode off with a large part of the Byzantine forces at a critical moment. The Byzantines were wholly routed.
2435:
702:
Henceforth all of you be like lion cubs and eagle young, racing through the countryside day and night, slaying the Christians and not sparing any mercy on the Roman nation.
220:
1128:
302:
founder of the dynasty. He greatly expanded the Seljuk territory and consolidated his power, defeating rivals to the south, east and northwest, and his victory over the
521:
513:
379:. It is unclear who the mother or mothers of his children were. He was known to have been married at least twice. His wives included the widow of his uncle Tughril, a
731:, the founder of the administrative organization that characterized and strengthened the sultanate during the reigns of Alp Arslan and his son, Malik Shah. Military
1077:
Büyük Selçuklular Ve Nizamül-Mülk, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Isparta 2019,(Great Seljuks and Nizamal-Mulk)
2470:
2440:
2460:
2475:
877:
480:. Upon Alp Arslan's return to Khorasan, he began his work in administration at his father's suggestion. While there, his father introduced him to
2480:
2465:
2445:
2400:
326:
Historical sources differ about his actual birth date. His birth year, which some early sources of medieval period mentioned 1032 and 1033 in
2430:
207:
957:
his coins his name appears as Alb because Arabic lacks the letter "p", but to Persian and Turkish speakers his name is pronounced "Alp".
715:
650:
583:
2215:
784:
He was exceedingly imperious and awe-inspiring and, because he was so earnest and fanatical in his beliefs and disapproved of the
2701:
2731:
2099:
2069:
1965:
1931:
1906:
1881:
1856:
1832:
1772:
1747:
1709:
1684:
1243:
1178:
1113:
884:
2175:
291:
83:
1825:
Studies in Caucasian History: I. New Light on the Shaddadids of Ganja II. The Shaddadids of Ani III. Prehistory of Saladin
951:
869:
Alp Arslan's conquest of Anatolia from the Byzantines is also seen as one of the pivotal precursors to the launch of the
2716:
829:. Safariyya died in Isfahan in 1073–74. Another of his wives was Akka Khatun. She had been formerly the wife of Sultan
2043:
2017:
1991:
1788:İSTEK, Gülşen (1 January 2020). "Büyük Selçuklu Devleti ile Abbasi Hilafeti Arasında Gerçekleşen Siyasi Evlilikler".
1601:
1574:
1547:
1500:
1474:
1448:
1421:
1364:
1324:
1297:
1270:
2495:
1767:. Online access with JISC subscription agreement: ACLS Humanities E-Books. Princeton University Press. p. 162.
608:
In 1071, Romanos again took the field and advanced into Armenia with possibly 30,000 men, including a contingent of
2091:
2538:
2395:
68:
2122:
Cahen, Claude (1986). "Alp Arslan". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (eds.).
1679:. Routledge Studies in the History of Iran and Turkey. Taylor & Francis. pp. 155, 163 n. 1, 174, 178.
750:, in which he writes that Alp-Arslan wept for the latter's death and greatly mourned the loss of his kinsman.
1526:"Later, every princely family in Asia Minor was to claim an ancestor who had fought on that prestigious day."
674:
403:, contested his nephew's succession to the sultanate. Alp Arslan's younger brothers Suleiman ibn Chaghri and
2696:
2208:
2721:
2450:
2355:
587:
215:
2316:
564:, the capital city of Armenia. An account of the sack and massacres in Ani is given by the historian
339:
516:
during which he captured the regions between Tbilisi and the Çoruh river, Akhalkalaki and Alaverdi.
2335:
2296:
1397:
727:
Alp Arslan's strength lay in the military realm. Domestic affairs were handled by his able vizier,
520:
submitted to paying jizya to the Seljuks but the Georgians broke the agreement in 1065. Alp Arslan
493:
496:
in 1063. Arslan defeated Kutalmish for the throne and succeeded on 27 April 1064 as sultan of the
334:
2416:
2201:
1024:
858:
762:
Muslim sources show Alp Arslan as fanatically pious but just. Alp Arslan was so dedicated to the
20:
2711:
2595:
2571:
2345:
2248:
2079:
1083:
738:
602:
451:
412:
364:
2057:
2031:
2005:
1492:
Armenia and the Crusades: Tenth to Twelfth Centuries : The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa
2325:
888:
1979:
834:
805:, the original seat of his ancestors. With a powerful army, he advanced to the banks of the
484:, one of the most eminent statesmen in early Muslim history and Alp Arslan's future vizier.
2726:
2706:
2566:
2561:
2518:
1088:
838:
525:
517:
456:
435:
416:
384:
2625:
1765:
The Passion of Al-Hallaj, Mystic, and Martyr of Islam, Volume 2: The Survival of Al-Hallaj
1633:
1156:
8:
1924:
The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh. Part 3
1262:
A Military History of the Western World: From the Earliest Times to the Battle of Lepanto
1231:
665:
646:
621:
545:
380:
311:
307:
2605:
628:, quickly reversed to meet the Byzantines. Alp Arslan handed control of his army to his
2551:
1742:. Bibliotheca Persica. Bibliotheca Persica. pp. 259, 261, 262–63, 267, 269 n. 74.
952:"THE SELJUKS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS: IRAN AND CENTRAL ASIA, C.1040-1250 Coin no. 3 of 14"
557:
1517:
1195:
1043:
1000:
706:
Alp Arslan's victories changed the balance in western Asia completely in favor of the
656:
2253:
2095:
2065:
2039:
2013:
1987:
1961:
1951:
1927:
1902:
1877:
1852:
1828:
1805:
1768:
1743:
1705:
1680:
1677:
The Annals of the Saljuq Turks: Selections from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh of Ibn al-Athir
1641:
1597:
1570:
1543:
1496:
1470:
1444:
1417:
1360:
1320:
1293:
1266:
1239:
1174:
1109:
785:
565:
469:
396:
327:
189:
1204:"On the other hand, he was aware of the necessity of keeping his influence over the
2630:
2581:
2485:
2371:
2311:
2243:
2053:
1797:
553:
552:, and entered and invaded the city. Along with Nizam al-Mulk, he then marched into
477:
368:
348:
303:
295:
130:
1495:. National Association for Armenian Studies and Research. 1993. pp. 135–136.
2655:
2615:
2116:
1955:
1591:
1564:
1537:
1490:
1464:
1438:
1411:
1314:
1287:
1260:
598:
537:
424:
2665:
2600:
2508:
2340:
2224:
2139:
2027:
2001:
1975:
468:
Alp Arslan accompanied his uncle Tughril on campaigns in the south against the
461:
408:
255:
2083:
2062:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
2036:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
2010:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
2690:
2645:
2455:
2350:
2306:
2272:
1809:
1645:
1616:
842:
777:
763:
728:
560:, which he conquered in 1064. After a siege of 25 days, the Seljuks captured
528:; however, the Georgians freed themselves from Seljuk rule around 1073–1074.
497:
481:
420:
392:
360:
690:
venerate the cross, and all the lands of the Christians shall be enslaved."
2675:
2620:
2405:
2320:
2291:
2185:
1208:(sometimes called Turkmens), which was essential to his military strength."
846:
822:
743:
707:
694:
533:
372:
344:
228:
197:
111:
1980:"The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)"
854:
797:
After Manzikert, the dominion of Alp Arslan extended over much of western
524:. He captured Tbilisi after a short battle and obtained the submission of
2660:
2380:
2360:
2258:
638:
473:
352:
337:
while later sources gave 1030. However, the most authentic considered as
275:
265:
582:
En route to fight the Fatimids in Syria in 1068, Alp Arslan invaded the
2650:
2640:
2330:
1801:
826:
661:
590:
541:
440:
383:
princess known as Aka or Seferiye Khatun, and the daughter or niece of
74:
54:
1984:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods
1901:. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge University Press. p. 94.
1876:. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
2635:
2590:
2523:
2301:
2281:
2168:
1827:. Cambridge Oriental Series. Cambridge University Press. p. 66.
813:, having designated his 18-year-old son Malik Shah as his successor.
806:
802:
747:
669:
634:
549:
489:
400:
155:
1075:
2670:
2556:
2513:
2499:
870:
850:
642:
625:
376:
315:
202:
159:
2193:
1131:
A Toksoy. Yeni Türkiye S. 60 CI Ermeni Meselesi Özel Sayısı. 2014.
1129:
1018-1071 Yılları Arasında Selçuklu Bizans İlişkileri ve Ermeniler
446:
2610:
830:
766:
617:
594:
356:
250:
101:
2542:
2528:
2425:
2268:
629:
613:
509:
404:
388:
299:
77:
circa 1425; which depicts accession to the throne by Alp Arslan
1144:
Orta Çağ'da Türk-Gürcü münasebetlerini şekillendiren faktörler
2238:
711:
609:
2064:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249.
2038:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 250–305.
2012:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 162–198.
1957:
A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th–11th Centuries
1756:
821:
One of his wives was Safariyya Khatun. She had a daughter,
810:
798:
770:
732:
505:
501:
331:
1640:(in Turkish) (2). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi: 97–121.
967:
965:
861:
and was his first wife. Another daughter was Sara Khatun.
624:. Alp Arslan, who had moved his troops south to fight the
593:
Diogenes, assuming command in person, met the invaders in
1986:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202.
1211:
561:
492:
both contested this succession which was resolved at the
1398:
Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
1171:
Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages, Volume 2
1106:
Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages, Volume 2
686:
sultan that "killing me will not be of any use to you".
668:. From a 15th-century illustrated French translation of
1593:
Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
1566:
Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
1539:
Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
1440:
Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
1413:
Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
1316:
Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
1289:
Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
962:
395:). One of Seljuk's other sons was the Turkic chieftain
1926:. Crusade Texts in Translation. Ashgate. p. 168.
1159:". Oğuz-Türkmen Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 (2020 ): 9-100
753:
439:
Coin minted in the name of Alp Arslan with the title
601:. During this time, Arslan gained the allegiance of
371:. He was the father of numerous children, including
351:
equivalent to 20 January 1029 CE. He was the son of
977:
536:his heir and successor. With the hope of capturing
2088:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 2 (Ahlâk – Amari̇)
1009:"But the Battle of Manzikert opened Asia Minor to
880:, the month of August was named after Alp Arslan.
1064:, Edinburgh University Press, 2015, pgs. 179, 183
419:), was a major opponent of the Franks during the
2688:
2094:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 526–530.
1790:Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal
801:. He soon prepared to march for the conquest of
746:'s account of the battle between Alp-Arslan and
1762:
841:. Alp Arslan divorced her, and married her to
2209:
16:Sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1063 to 1072
1139:
1137:
1896:
1871:
1704:. Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1589:
1562:
1535:
1436:
1409:
1312:
1285:
1041:
1031:. Vol. I Fascicle 8. pp. 895–898.
2216:
2202:
1960:. University of Michigan. pp. 1–219.
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1634:"BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR'DA EVLİLİK MERASİMLERİ"
1621:Manzikert 1071: The breaking of Byzantium.
1469:. Bloomsbury. 20 August 2013. p. 92.
1157:Ortaçağ Gürcistanının Meşhur Şehri: Tiflis
994:
992:
946:
944:
942:
347:, a medieval historian, as 1 Muharram 420
67:
2078:
1638:Selçuklu Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi
1509:
1466:Manzikert 1071: The breaking of Byzantium
1134:
1050:. Vol. I, Fasc. 6. pp. 642–643.
971:
825:, who in 1071–72, married Abbasid Caliph
415:(Kutalmish's son, who would later become
367:, who in turn was the son of the warlord
2052:
2026:
2000:
1974:
1950:
1921:
1849:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
1822:
1816:
1740:Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia
1699:
1674:
1659:
1563:Hillenbrand, Carole (21 November 2007).
1437:Hillenbrand, Carole (21 November 2007).
1339:
1217:
1022:
655:
445:
434:
73:Miniature from the Majma al-Tawarikh by
19:For the ruler of Aleppo in 1113–14, see
1737:
1718:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1354:
1230:
1074:Yıldız, Osman Fikret (1 January 2019).
989:
939:
544:, he placed himself at the head of the
2689:
2058:"The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran"
1890:
1841:
1258:
1238:. New York: Viking. pp. 342–343.
1193:
1168:
1122:
1103:
1073:
2197:
2121:
1787:
1781:
1631:
1625:
1515:
1149:
998:
983:
885:2nd Training Motorized Rifle Division
722:
577:
288:Muhammad Alp Arslan bin Dawud Chaghri
1385:
500:, thus becoming the sole monarch of
2223:
1259:Fuller, J. F. C. (22 August 1987).
1194:Cauhen, Claude (12 February 2024).
773:by his side, including in battles.
754:Physical appearance and personality
568:, who quotes an eyewitness saying:
13:
1897:Fisher, W.B.; Boyle, J.A. (1968).
1872:Fisher, W.B.; Boyle, J.A. (1968).
1632:KAÇIN, Bülent (27 December 2017).
1516:Cahen, Claude (12 February 2024).
999:Cahen, Claude (12 February 2024).
857:. Another daughter was married to
788:, I lived in constant fear of him.
450:A miniature depicting Alp Arslan.
14:
2743:
2180:4 October 1063– 15 December 1072
1763:Massignon, L.; Mason, H. (2019).
1092:, TSMK, Hazine, nr. 1654, vr. 202
93:4 October 1063 – 15 December 1072
1702:The Abbasid Caliphate: A History
612:Turks as well as contingents of
1915:
1865:
1693:
1610:
1583:
1556:
1529:
1483:
1457:
1430:
1403:
1373:
1348:
1333:
1306:
1279:
1265:. Hachette Books. p. 402.
1252:
1223:
1187:
1162:
1097:
1067:
1054:
660:Alp Arslan humiliating Emperor
605:, the Mirdasid emir of Aleppo.
430:
2702:11th-century murdered monarchs
1796:(32). ASOS Yayinevi: 944–961.
1169:Magill, Frank Northen (1998).
1104:Magill, Frank Northen (1998).
1035:
1016:
919:
910:
901:
780:, described the young sultan:
359:, the founding sultans of the
343:mentions, is that recorded by
1:
2732:11th-century monarchs in Asia
1899:The Cambridge History of Iran
1874:The Cambridge History of Iran
1851:. Unesco. 1998. p. 157.
1355:Norwich, John Julius (1993).
1344:. Cambridge University Press.
932:
876:From 2002 to July 2008 under
693:Alp Arslan and his successor
675:De Casibus Virorum Illustrium
522:invaded Georgia again in 1068
321:
1590:Hillenbrand, Carole (2007).
1536:Hillenbrand, Carole (2007).
1410:Hillenbrand, Carole (2007).
1313:Hillenbrand, Carole (2007).
1286:Hillenbrand, Carole (2007).
7:
2176:Sultan of the Seljuq Empire
1396:Carole Hillenbrand. (2007).
907:English: The Exalted Sultan
411:, the son and successor of
387:(who would later marry his
292:sultan of the Seljuk Empire
84:Sultan of the Seljuk Empire
10:
2748:
2126:. Vol. I: A-B. Brill.
2124:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
2092:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
1944:
532:1066, he declared his son
310:, in 1071, ushered in the
18:
2580:
2537:
2494:
2414:
2369:
2267:
2231:
2182:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2133:
1173:. Routledge. p. 68.
1108:. Routledge. p. 67.
864:
816:
340:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam
271:
261:
249:
188:
165:
138:
121:
117:
107:
97:
89:
82:
66:
35:
30:
2090:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
2060:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
2034:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
2008:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
1982:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
1738:Lambton, A.K.S. (1988).
1340:Runciman, Steve (1992).
1044:"AḤMAD B. NEẒĀM-AL-MOLK"
894:
792:
2032:"Iran under the Buyids"
1922:Richards, D.S. (2010).
1675:Richards, D.S. (2014).
1522:Encyclopedia Britannica
1400:Oxford University Press
1200:Encyclopedia Britannica
1005:Encyclopedia Britannica
891:is named in his honor.
878:Turkmen calendar reform
2006:"The early Ghaznavids"
790:
769:that he always kept a
739:Suleiman ibn Qutalmish
704:
678:
603:Rashid al-Dawla Mahmud
575:
465:
443:
413:Suleiman ibn Kutalmish
363:. His grandfather was
294:and great-grandson of
154:Barzam Fortress, near
2717:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
1823:Minorsky, V. (1953).
1700:El-Hibri, T. (2021).
1236:Byzantium: The Apogee
1048:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1029:Encyclopaedia Iranica
889:Turkmen Ground Forces
855:Ibrahim Khan Tamghach
782:
700:
659:
570:
548:cavalry, crossed the
460:, 1654 Ottoman copy,
449:
438:
44:Al-Sultan al-Mu'azzam
1357:Byzantium The Apogee
1232:Norwich, John Julius
1146:. İ Tellioğlu. 2009.
1080:. p. 93 Fig.4.
859:Mas'ud III of Ghazni
385:Bagrat IV of Georgia
242:Others two daughters
21:Alp Arslān al-Akhras
2697:11th-century births
2115:18 May 2021 at the
1062:Great Seljuk Empire
714:Muslims. While the
666:Battle of Manzikert
647:Battle of Manzikert
514:campaign in Georgia
512:. In 1064 he led a
308:Battle of Manzikert
2722:Deaths by stabbing
2080:Kafesoğlu, İbrahim
1952:Minorsky, Vladimir
1802:10.31576/smryj.542
1206:Oğuz Turkic tribes
759:it was two yards"
723:State organization
679:
578:Byzantine struggle
466:
444:
2684:
2683:
2192:
2191:
2183:Succeeded by
2101:978-975-389-429-6
2071:978-0-521-20093-6
1967:978-1-84511-645-3
1933:978-0-7546-6952-4
1908:978-0-521-06936-6
1883:978-0-521-06936-6
1858:978-92-3-103467-1
1834:978-0-521-05735-6
1774:978-0-691-65721-9
1749:978-0-88706-133-2
1711:978-1-107-18324-7
1686:978-1-317-83255-3
1342:The First Crusade
1245:978-0-394-53779-5
1180:978-1-57958-041-4
1115:978-1-57958-041-4
1060:Peacock, A.C,S.,
651:Andronikos Doukas
566:Sibt ibn al-Jawzi
540:, the capital of
494:battle of Damghan
472:while his father
457:Jami' al-tawarikh
407:were his rivals.
290:, was the second
281:
280:
150:10 Rabiʻ I 465 AH
2739:
2631:Kilij Arslan III
2486:Muhammad-Shah II
2218:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2166:Preceded by
2156:
2155:15 December 1072
2149:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2105:
2075:
2049:
2023:
1997:
1971:
1938:
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1256:
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1227:
1221:
1220:, p. 62-65.
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1042:Bosworth, C. E.
1039:
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1020:
1014:
1011:Turkmen conquest
1008:
996:
987:
981:
975:
969:
960:
959:
948:
926:
923:
917:
914:
908:
905:
845:. His sons were
716:Byzantine Empire
645:, beginning the
584:Byzantine Empire
172:Safariyya Khatun
151:
145:
142:24 November 1072
133:
125:20 January 1029
71:
28:
27:
2747:
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2742:
2741:
2740:
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2687:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2656:Kilij Arslan IV
2616:Kilij Arslan II
2576:
2533:
2490:
2461:Muhammad-Shah I
2410:
2365:
2263:
2232:Early Seljukids
2227:
2225:House of Seljuk
2222:
2188:
2179:
2171:
2150:
2148:20 January 1029
2144:
2143:
2140:House of Seljuq
2136:
2117:Wayback Machine
2102:
2072:
2046:
2028:Bosworth, C. E.
2020:
2002:Bosworth, C. E.
1994:
1976:Bosworth, C. E.
1968:
1947:
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1542:. p. 217.
1534:
1530:
1514:
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1503:
1489:
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1484:
1477:
1463:
1462:
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1443:. p. 244.
1435:
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1408:
1404:
1395:
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1378:
1374:
1367:
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1349:
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1334:
1327:
1319:. p. 101.
1311:
1307:
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1292:. p. 247.
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1082:Miniature from
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622:Ursel de Baieul
599:Manuel Comnenos
580:
538:Caesarea Mazaca
504:from the river
433:
425:Crusade of 1101
324:
256:House of Seljuk
245:
236:Zulaikha Khatun
184:
153:
149:
147:
146:(aged 43)
143:
129:1 Muharram 420
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2666:Kaykhusraw III
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2476:Arslan-Shah II
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2341:Malik-Shah III
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2254:Arslan Isra'il
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1475:
1456:
1449:
1429:
1422:
1416:. p. 71.
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1053:
1034:
1023:K. A. Luther.
1015:
988:
986:, p. 420.
976:
974:, p. 526.
972:Kafesoğlu 1989
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462:Topkapi Museum
432:
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397:Arslan Isra'il
355:and nephew of
323:
320:
314:settlement of
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15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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2712:Seljuk rulers
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2307:Malik-Shah II
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2273:Seljuk Empire
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2019:0-521-20093-8
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1617:David Nicolle
1613:
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1603:9780748625734
1599:
1596:. p. 6.
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1218:Bosworth 1968
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2676:Kayqubad III
2621:Kaykhusraw I
2466:Toghrul-Shah
2446:Turan-Shah I
2406:Ahmad Sanjar
2401:Arslan-Argun
2385:
2321:Ahmad Sanjar
2292:Malik-Shah I
2286:
2186:Malik-Shah I
2174:
2152:
2145:
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2087:
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2054:Madelung, W.
2035:
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1956:
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1649:. Retrieved
1637:
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1558:
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1518:"Alp-Arslan"
1511:
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1196:"Alp-Arslan"
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1025:"ALP ARSLAN"
1018:
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1001:"Alp-Arslan"
979:
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921:
912:
903:
882:
875:
868:
847:Malik-Shah I
823:Sifri Khatun
820:
796:
786:Shafi‘i rite
783:
776:His vizier,
775:
761:
757:
744:Ibn al-Athir
737:
726:
708:Seljuq Turks
705:
701:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
607:
581:
571:
534:Malik Shah I
530:
486:
476:remained in
467:
455:
431:Early career
409:Kilij Arslan
373:Malik-Shah I
345:Ibn al-Athir
338:
325:
287:
283:
282:
233:Aisha Khatun
229:Sifri Khatun
198:Malik-Shah I
181:Ummu Hifchaq
144:(1072-11-24)
112:Malik-Shah I
61:
53:
48:
43:
39:
36:
25:
2727:Shahanshahs
2707:1072 deaths
2661:Kayqubad II
2626:Suleiman II
2584:(1092–1307)
2572:Sultan-Shah
2545:(1086–1117)
2502:(1076–1105)
2471:Bahram-Shah
2441:Sultan-Shah
2431:Kerman-Shah
2419:(1048–1188)
2396:Toghan-Shah
2391:Arslan-Shah
2374:(1040–1118)
2361:Toghrul III
2356:Arslan-Shah
2346:Muhammad II
2275:(1037–1194)
2259:Musa Yabghu
2169:Toghrul-Beg
2135:Alp Arslan
2084:"Alparslan"
1359:. Penguin.
1155:Şenol, F. "
641:, north of
639:Murat River
381:Kara-Khanid
276:Sunni Islam
266:Chaghri Beg
239:Sara Khatun
221:Arslan-Shah
216:Toghan-Shah
178:Shah Khatun
175:Akka Khatun
98:Predecessor
2691:Categories
2651:Kaykaus II
2641:Kayqubad I
2606:Malik-Shah
2596:Suleiman I
2567:Alp Arslan
2386:Alp Arslan
2331:Tughril II
2312:Muhammad I
2287:Alp Arslan
1651:13 January
1229:Quoted in
1084:Reşîdüddîn
984:Cahen 1986
933:References
827:Al-Muqtadi
695:Malik Shah
664:after the
662:Romanos IV
591:Romanos IV
542:Cappadocia
441:Shahanshah
322:Early life
304:Byzantines
284:Alp Arslan
75:Hafiz Abru
55:Shahanshah
31:Alp Arslan
2636:Kaykaus I
2591:Qutalmish
2552:Aq Sunqur
2539:Governors
2524:Tutush II
2496:Governors
2451:Iran-Shah
2317:Mahmud II
2302:Berkyaruq
2282:Tughril I
1810:2630-631X
1646:2651-2602
839:Bagrat IV
803:Turkestan
748:Kutalmish
670:Boccaccio
635:Manzikert
550:Euphrates
526:Bagrat IV
518:Bagrat IV
490:Kutalmish
401:Kutalmish
300:eponymous
208:Bori-Bars
156:Amu Darya
108:Successor
2671:Mesud II
2557:Tutush I
2514:Tutush I
2500:Damascus
2372:Khorasan
2297:Mahmud I
2113:Archived
2082:(1989).
2056:(1975).
2030:(1975).
2004:(1975).
1978:(1968).
1954:(1958).
1234:(1991).
871:Crusades
851:Tutush I
835:Mas'ud I
643:Lake Van
626:Fatimids
620:, under
546:Turkoman
478:Khorasan
470:Fatimids
423:and the
377:Tutush I
328:khorasan
316:Anatolia
272:Religion
203:Tutush I
160:Khwarezm
2611:Mesud I
2381:Chaghri
2271:of the
2269:Sultans
1945:Sources
887:of the
831:Tughril
767:madhhab
637:on the
618:Normans
595:Cilicia
588:Emperor
558:Georgia
554:Armenia
508:to the
474:Chaghri
357:Tughril
353:Chaghri
312:Turkmen
306:at the
102:Tughril
2562:Ridwan
2543:Aleppo
2529:Irtash
2436:Husein
2426:Qawurd
2417:Kerman
2249:Mikail
2244:Seljuk
2151:
2110:Source
2098:
2068:
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2016:
1990:
1964:
1930:
1905:
1880:
1855:
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1808:
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1381:Source
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1296:
1269:
1242:
1177:
1112:
865:Legacy
817:Family
764:Hanafi
630:eunuch
614:Franks
586:. The
510:Tigris
502:Persia
405:Qavurt
389:vizier
369:Seljuk
365:Mikail
298:, the
296:Seljuk
262:Father
225:Tekish
166:Spouse
2519:Duqaq
2509:Atsiz
2336:Masud
2326:Dawud
2239:Tuqaq
2153:Died:
2146:Born:
895:Notes
793:Death
733:Iqtas
712:Sunni
610:Cuman
286:born
251:House
190:Issue
90:Reign
2319:and
2096:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2040:ISBN
2014:ISBN
1988:ISBN
1962:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1903:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1806:ISSN
1769:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1653:2024
1642:ISSN
1598:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1544:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1321:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1267:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1110:ISBN
883:The
811:Merv
807:Oxus
799:Asia
771:qadi
710:and
616:and
556:and
506:Oxus
375:and
332:iran
212:Ayaz
139:Died
122:Born
2541:of
2498:of
1798:doi
672:'s
562:Ani
318:.
2693::
2086:.
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1792:.
1720:^
1661:^
1636:.
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1569:.
1520:.
1387:^
1198:.
1136:^
1086:,
1046:.
1027:.
1003:.
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954:.
941:^
873:.
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454:,
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391:,
349:AH
158:,
131:AH
2217:e
2210:t
2203:v
2104:.
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2022:.
1996:.
1970:.
1936:.
1911:.
1886:.
1861:.
1837:.
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1800::
1794:6
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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