57:
732:. The Germans put up no resistance, and shots fired were attributed to Arabs. The few British soldiers under camp commander Alan Tilbury were unable to impede the attack during which two colonists, Karl and Regina Aimann, were shot dead, 'before they could even say 'good morning',' in the words of Meir Amit. Newspaper accounts the day after reported they were shot when they resisted arrest while armed, and that the action was taken to intercept plans by 'Arab gangs' to take over the property. The killings occurred in front of their eldest son Traugott. Having ordered their three children, Traugott, Helmut and Gisela to hide in a bedroom, the couple went to the door when two Jewish soldiers began knocked loudly and were cut down when they opened it. The family had reportedly taken refuge close to a British defensive position. A third woman, Katharina Deininger (65), who was milking in the cow shed at the time, suffered a severe wounding when she was shot in the head.
736:
tattoos. One trooper assured the internees that "we are not like the
Germans, we will not behave like the Germans". The internees were given 20 minutes to collect what remained of their belongings, all their valuables and good clothes having been looted in the meantime, together with ploughs, disks and tractors. The Germans were then stripped of any documents and some books they recovered, before being handed over to the British, who evacuated them to Haifa. The soldiers who shot the Almanns were reprimanded,- one of them, Chummi Zarchi from Nahalal, had angry memories of several Ukrainian relatives killed in the Holocaust - and the looting deplored not on moral grounds but because it endangered operative priorities.
70:
808:
756:
77:
534:), a Berlin-based organisation supportive of Protestant activities in the Holy Land, contributed money for the development of a water supply. By 1914, the residents planted 5,000 square metres of vineyard and more than 500 olive trees. In December 1913 the farmers of Waldheim and Bethlehem keeping dairy cattle founded a common dairy cooperative to pasteurise milk and deliver it to Haifa.
587:. International schools of German language subsidised or fully financed with government funds were asked to redraw their educational programs and employ teachers aligned to the Nazi party. The teachers in Waldheim were financed by the Reich so that also here Nazi teachers took over. In 1933 German Gentiles living in Palestine appealed unsuccessfully to
644:
for internment. Many of the remaining
Germans were either too old or too sick to leave. The internees could maintain the agricultural production to feed themselves and supply surplus to market in return for supplies not available within the camps. In 1941, 1942 and 1944, by way of internee exchanges,
1171:
Jewish
Germans living in Palestine had mostly given up their German citizenship or were successively denaturalised by the Nazi government. Even if they were still German citizens, the Britons did not regard them as potential supporters of Nazi Germany. All Jewish Germans living outside the extended
494:. This created an atmosphere of mistrust and envy among the German colonists in Haifa. Due to population increase and the ongoing urbanisation of Haifa, they searched for land to found new monodenominational colonies. Thus the Protestants founded Waldheim, while Templers settled in the neighbouring
639:
were converted into internment camps. Most enemy aliens living elsewhere in
Palestine—comprising Gentile Germans, Hungarians and Italians—were interned in one of the settlements, while the inhabitants of the settlements simply stayed where they were. In summer 1941, 665 interned Templers from all
700:
had had contact with the Nazi government during WW2. The two
Templar villages, the other being Betlehem, were under British protection, and both considered 'unreliable' by Jewish forces. There was a perception that the British, who were due to evacuate Palestine in May, tended to hand over areas
735:
Medical assistance was denied to the father, who was still alive, and the community once rounded up was locked up in a building and later subjected to a long speech in which they were all denounced as Nazis. They also underwent a body search to discover, without success, whether anyone bore SS
833:
for the church in early 1914. The Haifa-based architect Otto Lutz led the construction works. In 1921, the
Evangelical church at Alonei Abba, which still stands today, was inaugurated. The Alon winery, surrounded by a grove of oak trees, is located in the former dairy cooperative (est. 1913).
516:
on 6 October 1907. At this time, the new
Waldheimers were still living in the simple clay huts purchased from the previous owners. The Haifa engineer Ernst August Voigt presented the plan of the streets and the 16 allotments around a central plot reserved for a church. In 1909 the
575:
Most of the residents bore German citizenship. In the course of the 1930s some
Waldheimers joined the Nazi party, indicating the fading affinity to the Evangelical ideals. Until August 1939 17% of all gentile Germans in Palestine were enrolled as members of the Nazi party.
599:
was built up by the help of German government subsidies. By 1935 the Nazis had succeeded to streamline the municipal bodies of the settlements of
Gentile Germans in Palestine. On 20 August 1939 the German government ordered the recruitment of Gentile German men into the
705:
police station. According to Hagai
Binyamini, the German estates were very neat, and emblematic of german order and efficiency. with housing made of stone in contrast to the sheet metal, old pipes and wiring used to build local Jewish settlements.
665:, according to an official land and population survey. There were 150 Muslims and 110 Christians. 170 dunams of land were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 4,776 for cereals, while 102 dunams were built-up areas.
829:(1908–18), also provided services in Waldheim, at the beginning in the living room of the new house of Waldheim's then mayor Gottlob Weinmann. The Waldheimers saved funds for a church of their own and could thus lay the
1649:
747:. By 14 May 1948, when Israel became independent, only about 50 Germans, mostly elderly and sick persons, were living in the new state. They voluntarily left the country or were later expelled by the government.
56:
739:
This incident and the end of the Mandate forced the British to hasten the resettlement, thus all the internees, 51 Germans and 4 Swiss, as well as those from the other settlements, were transferred to
728:
settlements and backed by armoured trucks mounted with machine guns. penetrated into Waldheim via the woodland. Some of the soldiers were Holocaust survivors, and many were fresh from combat at
1983:
1368:
Goldman 2009 pp.163, 169:' The conditions here were rough. It was unpaved, dusty, dirty, thorns… over there it was all spic and span, every German family had an Arab family to serve them..'
1937:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer
1297:
A certain Mitscherlich and Rolf Müller were shot dead in November 1946. In addition Wilfred Schumacher and a certain Ruppert were beaten to death in Haifa. Heidemarie Wawrzyn,
681:, two involving members of the Waldheim community (Mitscherlich and Müller), against the German communities to impress upon them that they were unwelcome in Palestine. In 1946
412:
found Umm al-Amed situated on a small plateau, surrounded by gardens. In spite of its name Umm al-Amed, which meant "The place with the columns", Guérin could find no columns.
1653:
2534:
1282:
1259:
1202:
645:
another 400 Evangelical and Templer internees, mostly wives and children of men who had followed the call for recruitment, were repatriated, via Turkey, to Germany for
2079:
505:
and completely refinanced by the Stuttgarter Gesellschaft zur Förderung der deutschen Ansiedlungen in Palästina. The colony comprised 7,200,000 square meters (7,200
483:
and their congregations. While in Germany the Templers were regarded as sectarians, the Evangelical proselytes gained major financial and ideological support from
472:
3020:
1767:
Eisler, Ejal Jakob (איל יעקב איזלר), "«Kirchler» im Heiligen Land: Die evangelischen Gemeinden in den württembergischen Siedlungen Palästinas (1886–1914)" , In:
689:
requested that Palestine's German colonies be liquidated, and their properties turned over to the Agency as part of reparations Germany owed the Jewish people.
3015:
2709:
1723:(1973), , Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2000, (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg: Reihe B, Forschungen; vol. 77).
374:
591:
and the Foreign Office not to use Swastika symbols for German institutions. Some German Gentiles pleaded the Reich's government to drop its announced plan to
2659:
882:
612:, sold stock to them while the Jewish farmers went there to study agricultural methods, and the Germans would bring them gifts of bread on the last day of
2587:
2361:
3025:
1847:
991:
519:
2926:
796:
1805:
2916:
2416:
811:
2463:
3000:
2453:
2072:
98:
2843:
2370:
69:
1378:
815:
1176:
still holding German citizenship were denaturalised by ordinance (Elfte Verordnung zum Reichsbürgergesetz), decreed on 25 November 1941.
583:
in Germany, the new Reich government adapted foreign policy to Nazi ideals, based on the idea that Germany and Germanness were equal to
2985:
2980:
318:
periods. Among the remains found are Roman-period industrial oil press and a winepress, in addition to a paved path from the same era.
2752:
2577:
951:
696:
who led the operation, a decision to take over the villages, which were considered friendly to the Arabs, was taken in March because
1884:
1122:
2970:
2065:
1769:
Dem Erlöser der Welt zur Ehre: Festschrift zum hundertjährigen Jubiläum der Einweihung der evangelischen Erlöserkirche in Jerusalem
1568:
1110:
1098:
2354:
2975:
1279:
1094:
1256:
799:, who was parachuted into Czechoslovakia in 1943 to assist clandestine British forces, but was captured and executed in 1945.
1739:
1389:
1311:
1224:
1199:
295:
2032:, lecture held on 20 October 1995 in Burgstetten on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Kirschenhardthof, printed as
2030:
Vom Land um den Asperg im Namen Gottes nach Palästina und Australien: Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Tempelgesellschaft
3010:
2347:
2048:
1617:
1780:
1728:
1552:
1151:
592:
678:
1758:
2088:
284:
166:
1864:
988:
2878:
2501:
1950:
1895:
460:
1680:
967:
595:
on 1 April 1933. Later the opposition of Gentile Germans in Palestine acquiesced. A Palestinian branch of the
2696:
2267:
701:
under their control to local Arabs, and the area was strategic because close to the main axis leading to the
567:, when Umm el Amad had a population of 231; 163 Muslim and 68 Christians, in a total of 76 inhabited houses.
404:
In 1859 the British consul Rogers stated that the population of Umm al-Amed was 100 and the tillage was ten
3005:
2943:
183:
1034:
1022:
1010:
488:
480:
2848:
2792:
2431:
1941:
1855:
1809:
1749:
1046:
930:
452:
416:
310:
Archaeological investigations indicate that this was an industrial agricultural processing area in the
154:
397:. The 1799 Jacotin map had not surveyed the area; it was drawn based on the notes of an inhabitant of
2995:
2734:
2440:
2315:
2202:
161:
1971:
1916:
1838:
1701:
1745:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
661:, the population of Waldheim/Um el Amad consisted of 260 people, and the total land area was 9,227
658:
564:
548:
2817:
2691:
1520:"Zionist Parachutists - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of Zionism/Israel/"
1240:
394:
555:, Umm al Amad had a population of 128; 63 Christians and 65 Muslims. Of the Christians, 62 were
2908:
1735:
2052:
1542:
846:
nature reserve was declared close by, to the north. The reserve is home to Valonia oak trees (
2569:
2496:
2468:
1958:
1903:
1825:
1688:
456:
1591:
2516:
2486:
2212:
1544:
Germany's Covert War in the Middle East: Espionage, Propaganda and Diplomacy in World War I
646:
632:
495:
272:
2539:
8:
2009:
1989:
1935:
1931:
1772:
1743:
888:
854:
624:
588:
552:
524:
250:
149:
1791:
2894:
2863:
2858:
2669:
2597:
2378:
2154:
1569:"JPost | French-language news from Israel, the Middle East & the Jewish World"
868:
848:
725:
636:
455:
on land purchased from the village of Umm al-Amed. Most of the colonists came from the
311:
1806:"Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine"
2990:
2237:
2013:
1776:
1724:
1548:
1519:
1385:
1307:
1147:
713:
troopers from the Dror and Nafat Levi Battalions, drawn from members of the Nahalal,
628:
468:
290:
The modern village was founded in 1948 on the site of the historical Arab village of
2757:
2401:
892:). Most of the reserve is open for experimental grazing by cattle from the moshav.
513:
423:
described it as standing in oak-woods on a hill-top. There was an ancient rock-cut
2057:
1787:
1710:
1221:
604:. 350 followed the call. According to one Nahalal resident, until the outbreak of
409:
2644:
2421:
1298:
1286:
1263:
1228:
1206:
995:
822:
772:
697:
580:
479:
among the schismatics. Thus the Haifa German Colony became home to two Christian
386:
241:
188:
39:
1886:
Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas
2868:
2683:
2448:
2323:
2247:
788:
764:
729:
721:
710:
464:
378:
335:
260:
134:
2964:
2946:
2719:
2654:
2620:
2491:
2478:
2391:
2328:
2232:
2149:
1985:
Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century
718:
686:
682:
556:
357:
268:
176:
113:
100:
2339:
1624:
1379:'Waldheim, April 1948: the Warrior's Silence, and the Courage of Frankness,'
640:
their settlements, mainly young families with children, were transported to
398:
2921:
2873:
2762:
2747:
2724:
2714:
2615:
2544:
2506:
2285:
2280:
1979:
901:
759:
Map of Alonei Abba, 1956, on the previous sites of Umm el Amad and Waldheim
620:
605:
596:
491:
315:
280:
2777:
2767:
2704:
2649:
2639:
2634:
2582:
2554:
2549:
2411:
2275:
2252:
2222:
2164:
1801:
907:
830:
476:
1796:(in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
783:) in the abandoned colony, after four years of agricultural training in
501:
The purchase price of 170,000 francs was financed by a Haifa-based bank
2812:
2807:
2610:
2605:
2458:
2227:
1771:, Karl-Heinz Ronecker (ed.) on behalf of the 'Jerusalem-Stiftung' and '
1303:
608:
the German community had good relationships with local members of the
2950:
2772:
2742:
2664:
2529:
2396:
2290:
2207:
2197:
2144:
1721:
Die Siedlungen der württembergischen Templer in Palästina (1868–1918)
859:
807:
744:
693:
641:
619:
After the start of the war, all Germans in Palestine were classed as
601:
424:
352:
1793:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
2853:
2300:
2257:
1993:
1808:. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from
784:
755:
613:
484:
1953:(121). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
1898:(122). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
1683:(120). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
2931:
2559:
2386:
2295:
2242:
2217:
2134:
2129:
2114:
2096:
1775:', Leipzig: Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt, 1998, pp. 81–100.
955:
776:
768:
702:
674:
560:
405:
210:
206:
427:
on the east side. A population list from about 1887 showed that
2822:
2305:
2184:
2139:
2109:
2104:
1592:"Galilee takes visitors back in time - Israel Travel, Ynetnews"
740:
714:
709:
At 04:00 on 17 April 1948 a unit composed of three platoons of
609:
584:
432:
366:
347:
338:
276:
264:
229:
1652:(in Hebrew). Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Archived from
1623:(in Hebrew). Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Archived from
503:
Darlehenskasse der deutschen evangelischen Gemeinde Haifa GmbH
2827:
2406:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2119:
1712:
Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922
1144:
Hakenkreuz im Heiligen Land: Die NSDAP-Landesgruppe Palästina
873:
843:
662:
506:
362:
1392:
Trafford Publishing 2009 pp.146-177, pp.146,157, 161,163,164
2782:
2124:
256:
1756:
451:) was founded by German Protestants affiliated with the
814:, built between 1914 and 1921 by Haifa-based architect
763:
On 12 May 1948 a group of young Zionist pioneers from
542:
473:
Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces
2087:
1274:Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics.
1251:Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics.
1194:Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics.
925:
923:
668:
652:
512:The settlement was inaugurated on the occasion of
345:land, (that is, cultivated land), located in the
2962:
2018:Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund
920:
1734:
677:staged provocative operations, with hit squads
3021:Populated places in Northern District (Israel)
3016:Protected areas of Northern District (Israel)
2369:
2355:
2073:
837:
570:
1708:
1618:"List of National Parks and Nature Reserves"
627:decided to intern most of the enemy aliens.
1942:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1848:"An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine"
1750:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1540:
375:Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)
2362:
2348:
2080:
2066:
2008:
1845:
1115:
1087:
787:. Three years later, the kibbutz became a
3026:1907 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
1882:
1678:
283:, it falls under the jurisdiction of the
1863:(3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from
1589:
1211:
1188:
1005:
1003:
952:Yet to Be Discovered: The Jezreel Valley
806:
754:
1925:Deutsches evangelisches Leben am Karmel
1233:
369:land. In 1799 it appeared as a village
2963:
1930:
1893:
1800:
1786:
1009:Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p.
858:). Other flora in the forest includes
563:). This had increased slightly in the
537:
287:. In 2022 it had a population of 990.
2701:Dor Beach and Ma'agan Michael Islands
2343:
2061:
2014:"Population list of the Liwa of Akka"
1978:
1948:
1889:. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
1679:Alexandre, Yardenna (5 August 2008).
1000:
933:. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
3001:Populated places established in 1948
2047:Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5:
895:
1590:Saversky, By Ronit (20 June 1995).
1239:Department of Statistics, 1945, p.
743:, into a camp of simple tents near
390:
245:
76:
13:
543:Umm el Amad and Waldheim 1918–1931
14:
3037:
2986:Romanian-Jewish culture in Israel
2981:Austrian-Jewish culture in Israel
2041:
1927:, Potsdam: Stiftungsverlag, 1910.
1894:Mitler, Itamar (29 August 2010).
1757:Department of Statistics (1945).
1300:Nazis in the Holy Land 1933-1948,
1951:"Alonēy Abba Preliminary Report"
1428:Goldman 2009 pp.147,149. 150-151
1276:Village Statistics, April, 1945.
1253:Village Statistics, April, 1945.
1196:Village Statistics, April, 1945.
669:Final years of Waldheim, 1945–48
653:Umm el Amad and Waldheim in 1945
75:
68:
55:
2971:Jezreel Valley Regional Council
2089:Jezreel Valley Regional Council
1760:Village Statistics, April, 1945
1671:
1642:
1610:
1583:
1561:
1534:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1291:
1268:
1245:
1179:
1165:
1156:
1146:, Erfurt: Sutton, 2001, p. 81.
1136:
1127:
1103:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
593:boycott shops of Jewish Germans
285:Jezreel Valley Regional Council
1218:Village Statistics April 1945,
1039:
1027:
1015:
981:
972:
960:
945:
827:Haifa Evangelical Congregation
750:
449:"Forest Home" or "Forestville"
431:had about 55 inhabitants; all
401:and some parts are incorrect.
326:
321:
1:
2976:1948 establishments in Israel
1220:The Palestine Government, p.
1162:Goldman, 2009 pp.163,169-170.
914:
365:. The land was designated as
1949:Porat, Leea (26 July 2009).
1650:"Alonei Abba Nature Reserve"
1109:Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p.
802:
791:and the name was changed to
559:and one was Greek Catholic (
7:
1923:Moderow, Hans Martin Kuno,
1278:Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
1255:Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
1198:Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
825:(1877-1945), pastor of the
812:Waldheim Evangelical Church
459:, which was founded by the
438:
421:Survey of Western Palestine
10:
3042:
1856:Israel Exploration Journal
1763:. Government of Palestine.
1719:Carmel, Alex (אלכס כרמל),
1715:. Government of Palestine.
1709:Barron, J.B., ed. (1923).
1383:Exiled from the Holy Land,
838:Alonei Abba nature reserve
571:Waldheim Germans 1932–1945
417:Palestine Exploration Fund
305:
3011:Nature reserves in Israel
2940:
2907:
2887:
2836:
2800:
2791:
2733:
2682:
2596:
2568:
2515:
2477:
2439:
2430:
2377:
2371:Nature reserves of Israel
2314:
2266:
2183:
2095:
1896:"Alonē Abba Final Report"
1547:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1323:Goldman 2009, pp.172-173.
1262:24 September 2015 at the
1205:24 September 2015 at the
1185:Sauer, 1996, pp. 18 seqq.
453:Old-Prussian State Church
225:
217:
202:
194:
182:
172:
160:
148:
140:
129:
94:
63:
54:
46:
38:
29:
23:
18:Place in Northern, Israel
1491:Goldman 2009 pp.168-169.
1482:Goldman 2009 pp.153,155.
1419:Goldman 2009 pp.160-161.
1410:Goldman 2009 pp.157,159.
1093:Barron, 1923, Table XI,
1066:Eisler, 1998, pp. 99seq.
994:22 December 2019 at the
823:Hans Martin Kuno Moderow
549:1922 census of Palestine
341:for the year 1555–6, as
296:German Protestant Colony
1883:Mills, E., ed. (1932).
1748:. Vol. 1. London:
679:killing several Germans
395:PEF Survey of Palestine
279:, in the hills east of
2909:Judea and Samaria Area
1966:Cite journal requires
1911:Cite journal requires
1833:Cite journal requires
1696:Cite journal requires
1381:in Horst Blaich (ed.)
819:
760:
448:
381:, and in the 1880s as
42: transcription(s)
2268:Community settlements
1095:Sub-district of Haifa
1045:Schumacher, 1888, p.
931:"Regional Statistics"
852:) and Palestine oak (
810:
758:
532:Jerusalem Association
457:German Colony (Haifa)
334:was mentioned in the
114:32.72944°N 35.17167°E
47: • official
2213:Bethlehem of Galilee
1656:on 28 September 2011
1541:Curt Prüfer (2017).
1522:. Zionism-israel.com
1332:Goldman 2009, p.171.
1174:Greater German Reich
886:), and Judas trees (
864:Pistacia terebinthus
647:family reunification
633:Bethlehem of Galilee
496:Bethlehem of Galilee
273:Bethlehem of Galilee
3006:Templer settlements
2660:Shamir-Nahal Rachum
1990:Columbia University
1870:on 22 December 2019
1846:Karmon, Y. (1960).
1509:Sauer, 1996, p. 20.
1500:Goldman 2009 p.158.
1473:Goldman 2009 p.158.
1446:Goldman 2009 p.147.
1437:Sauer, 1996, p. 19.
1401:Goldman 2009 p.157.
1359:Goldman 2009 p.157.
1350:Goldman 2009 p.156.
1341:Goldman 2009 p.156.
1285:2 June 2015 at the
1227:9 June 2012 at the
1084:Eisler, 1998, p. 98
1075:Eisler, 1998, p. 97
1057:Eisler, 1998, p. 84
978:Rohde, 1979, p. 101
889:Cercis siliquastrum
883:Rhamnus palaestinus
855:Quercus calliprinos
625:British authorities
589:Paul von Hindenburg
553:British authorities
538:British Mandate era
443:In 1907 the colony
110: /
2864:HaMakhtesh HaKatan
2859:HaMakhtesh HaGadol
2379:Jerusalem District
1812:on 8 December 2018
1464:Goldman 2009 p.161
1455:Goldman 2009 p.151
1133:Sauer, 1996, p. 17
869:Styrax officinalis
849:Quercus macrolepis
820:
761:
673:After the war the
471:and envoys of the
130:Grid position
119:32.72944; 35.17167
2958:
2957:
2903:
2902:
2793:Southern District
2678:
2677:
2432:Northern District
2337:
2336:
2053:Wikimedia commons
2034:Schriftenreihe TG
1630:on 7 October 2009
1390:978-1-425-13891-2
1312:978-3-110-30652-1
1033:Guérin, 1880, p.
1021:Palmer, 1881, p.
987:Karmon, 1960, p.
966:Alexandre, 2008,
896:Notable residents
878:Ceratonia siliqua
866:), storax trees (
685:on behalf of the
551:conducted by the
267:. Located in the
254:
235:
234:
213:Jewish immigrants
3033:
2996:Former kibbutzim
2944:Israeli-occupied
2798:
2797:
2735:Central District
2437:
2436:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2025:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1992:. Archived from
1975:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1945:
1920:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1899:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1797:
1773:Jerusalemsverein
1764:
1753:
1716:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1295:
1289:
1272:
1266:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1215:
1209:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1121:Mills, 1932, p.
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
998:
985:
979:
976:
970:
964:
958:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
927:
635:, Waldheim, and
528:
520:Jerusalemsverein
514:Harvest Festival
392:
249:
247:
246:אַלּוֹנֵי אַבָּא
230:aloneyaba.org.il
125:
124:
122:
121:
120:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
79:
78:
72:
59:
33:
31:
30:אַלּוֹנֵי אַבָּא
21:
20:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2942:Located in the
2936:
2927:Um Tzafa Forest
2899:
2895:Be'eri Badlands
2883:
2879:Yotvata Hai-Bar
2832:
2787:
2773:Palmachim Beach
2729:
2674:
2645:Kerem Ben Zimra
2592:
2564:
2511:
2502:Yehudiya Forest
2473:
2426:
2373:
2368:
2338:
2333:
2310:
2262:
2179:
2091:
2086:
2044:
2039:
1999:
1997:
1996:on 1 March 2020
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1850:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1813:
1740:Kitchener, H.H.
1697:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1377:Danny Goldman,
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1296:
1292:
1287:Wayback Machine
1273:
1269:
1264:Wayback Machine
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1229:Wayback Machine
1216:
1212:
1207:Wayback Machine
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1001:
996:Wayback Machine
986:
982:
977:
973:
965:
961:
950:
946:
936:
934:
929:
928:
921:
917:
898:
880:), buckthorns (
842:In 1994, a 950-
840:
805:
781:In The Struggle
773:HaNoar HaTzioni
753:
726:Sha'ar HaAmakim
698:Amin al-Husayni
671:
659:1945 statistics
655:
573:
545:
540:
522:
463:. In 1874, the
441:
329:
324:
308:
189:HaOved HaTzioni
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
90:
89:
88:
87:
86:
85:
84:
80:
34:
28:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2956:
2955:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Makhtesh Ramon
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Nitzanim Dunes
2815:
2813:Kurkar Gvar'am
2810:
2808:Brekhat Zmorot
2804:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2699:
2697:Alonei Yitzhak
2694:
2688:
2686:
2684:Haifa District
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2588:Nahal Yavne'el
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Achziv Islands
2445:
2443:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2324:Manshiya Zabda
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2043:
2042:External links
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:, No. 1 (1996)
2026:
2010:Schumacher, G.
2006:
1976:
1968:|journal=
1946:
1928:
1921:
1913:|journal=
1891:
1880:
1843:
1835:|journal=
1798:
1784:
1765:
1754:
1732:
1717:
1706:
1698:|journal=
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1641:
1609:
1598:. Ynetnews.com
1582:
1571:. Fr.jpost.com
1560:
1553:
1533:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1290:
1267:
1244:
1232:
1210:
1187:
1178:
1164:
1155:
1135:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
999:
980:
971:
959:
944:
918:
916:
913:
912:
911:
905:
897:
894:
839:
836:
804:
801:
797:Abba Berdichev
789:moshav shitufi
775:, established
767:, Austria and
765:Czechoslovakia
752:
749:
730:Mishmar HaEmek
670:
667:
654:
651:
572:
569:
544:
541:
539:
536:
465:Temple Society
440:
437:
379:Pierre Jacotin
328:
325:
323:
320:
307:
304:
261:moshav shitufi
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
167:Jezreel Valley
164:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
131:
127:
126:
92:
91:
82:
81:
74:
73:
67:
66:
65:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
36:
35:
27:
24:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3038:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2952:
2948:
2947:Golan Heights
2945:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Alonei Shmuel
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Horvat 'Ethri
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:Nahal Taninim
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:Hurshat Zakum
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Hasbani River
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:Har HaTayasim
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Avshalom Cave
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2330:
2329:Suweid Hamira
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2316:Arab villages
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Kfar Yehoshua
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:Beit She'arim
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:Kfar HaHoresh
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2031:
2028:Sauer, Paul:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1905:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:3-374-01706-1
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:3-17-016788-X
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1690:
1682:
1681:"Alonēy Abba"
1677:
1676:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1570:
1564:
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1554:9781786733184
1550:
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1416:
1407:
1398:
1391:
1387:
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1374:
1365:
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1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1313:
1309:
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1302:
1301:
1294:
1288:
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1277:
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1159:
1153:
1152:3-89702-304-0
1149:
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957:
954:20 Nov 2006,
953:
948:
932:
926:
924:
919:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
893:
891:
890:
885:
884:
879:
875:
871:
870:
865:
861:
857:
856:
851:
850:
845:
835:
832:
828:
824:
817:
813:
809:
800:
798:
795:in memory of
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:, members of
770:
766:
757:
748:
746:
742:
737:
733:
731:
727:
723:
720:
719:Kfar Yehoshua
716:
712:
707:
704:
699:
695:
692:According to
690:
688:
687:Jewish Agency
684:
683:Moshe Shertok
680:
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666:
664:
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581:Nazi takeover
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492:church bodies
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481:denominations
478:
475:successfully
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410:Victor Guérin
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177:Lower Galilee
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95:Coordinates:
93:
71:
62:
58:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
22:
16:
2922:Einot Tzukim
2874:Timna Valley
2763:Neot Kedumim
2748:Bitan Aharon
2725:Tel Shikmona
2715:Mount Carmel
2621:Nahal Dishon
2616:Nahal Betzet
2545:Mount Gilboa
2524:
2507:Nahal Hermon
2469:Rosh HaNikra
2464:Nahal Yehiam
2422:Te'omim Cave
2286:Alon HaGalil
2281:Ahuzat Barak
2192:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1984:
1959:cite journal
1936:
1932:Palmer, E.H.
1924:
1904:cite journal
1885:
1872:. Retrieved
1865:the original
1860:
1854:
1826:cite journal
1814:. Retrieved
1810:the original
1792:
1768:
1759:
1744:
1736:Conder, C.R.
1720:
1711:
1689:cite journal
1672:Bibliography
1660:27 September
1658:. Retrieved
1654:the original
1644:
1634:27 September
1632:. Retrieved
1625:the original
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1595:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1563:
1543:
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1142:Ralf Balke,
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935:. Retrieved
902:Shlomo Artzi
887:
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762:
738:
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656:
621:enemy aliens
618:
606:World War II
597:Hitler youth
578:
574:
546:
531:
518:
511:
502:
500:
477:proselytised
467:underwent a
444:
442:
429:Umm el Ahmad
428:
420:
415:In 1881 the
414:
403:
382:
370:
356:
346:
342:
332:Umm al-'Amad
331:
330:
309:
299:
294:, later the
291:
289:
281:Kiryat Tivon
263:in northern
259:') is a
255:'Abba's
237:
236:
15:
2849:Coral Beach
2823:Mevo Ashdod
2778:Tel Yitzhak
2768:Nahal Poleg
2705:Ein Nymphit
2650:Mount Meron
2640:Hurshat Tal
2635:Hula Valley
2583:Mount Arbel
2555:Nahal Tavor
2550:Mount Tabor
2535:Gilboa Iris
2525:Alonei Abba
2454:Nahal Gamal
2412:Nahal Sorek
2253:Tel Adashim
2248:Sde Ya'akov
2223:Kfar Baruch
2193:Alonei Abba
2165:Ramat David
2000:28 December
1874:26 November
968:Alonēy Abba
908:Meir Shalev
831:cornerstone
793:Alonei Abba
779:BaMa'avak (
751:Alonei Abba
722:Sde Ya'akov
565:1931 census
523: [
383:Umm el Amed
327:Umm al-Amed
322:Ottoman era
312:Hellenistic
292:Umm el Amad
238:Alonei Abba
184:Affiliation
117: /
83:Alonei Abba
50:Allone Abba
25:Alonei Abba
2965:Categories
2844:Nahal Abuv
2828:Yam Shikma
2655:Pa'ar Cave
2625:Ein Avazim
2611:Nahal Ayun
2606:Nahal Amud
2459:Nahal Kziv
2228:Kfar Gidon
2024:: 169–191.
1802:Hadawi, S.
1788:Guérin, V.
1304:De Gruyter
915:References
904:, musician
860:terebinths
579:After the
557:Protestant
408:. In 1875
399:Shefa-ʻAmr
218:Population
203:Founded by
105:35°10′18″E
102:32°43′46″N
2951:West Bank
2837:Beersheba
2743:Bnei Zion
2665:Tel Anafa
2631:Ein Te'oh
2530:Balfouria
2397:Ein Hemed
2291:Givat Ela
2208:Beit Zaid
2198:Balfouria
2145:HaSolelim
2097:Kibbutzim
1980:Rhode, H.
816:Otto Lutz
803:Landmarks
745:Famagusta
694:Meir Amit
642:Australia
602:Wehrmacht
447:(German:
425:sepulchre
393:) on the
353:Tabariyya
2991:Moshavim
2854:Ein Gedi
2801:Ashkelon
2692:Ein Afek
2628:Ein Elah
2570:Kinneret
2402:HaMasrek
2301:Shimshit
2258:Tzippori
2238:Merhavia
2185:Moshavim
2155:Merhavia
2012:(1888).
1982:(1979).
1934:(1881).
1804:(1970).
1790:(1880).
1742:(1881).
1602:14 March
1596:Ynetnews
1575:14 March
1526:14 March
1283:Archived
1260:Archived
1225:Archived
1203:Archived
992:Archived
937:21 March
910:, writer
785:Herzliya
637:Wilhelma
614:Passover
485:Lutheran
461:Templers
445:Waldheim
439:Waldheim
391:ام العمد
300:Waldheim
211:Romanian
207:Austrian
155:Northern
150:District
133:166/237
2932:Wadi Og
2753:Hadasim
2670:Tel Dan
2578:Ein Nun
2560:Shimron
2517:Jezreel
2387:Adullam
2296:Hoshaya
2243:Nahalal
2218:HaYogev
2135:Hanaton
2130:Ginegar
2115:Ein Dor
956:Haaretz
777:kibbutz
769:Romania
703:Nahalal
675:Palmach
657:In the
561:Melkite
547:In the
433:Muslims
406:feddans
373:on the
355:of the
336:Ottoman
306:History
253:
226:Website
195:Founded
162:Council
141:Country
32:
2888:Eshkol
2497:Hermon
2306:Timrat
2140:Harduf
2110:Dovrat
2105:Alonim
1816:29 May
1779:
1727:
1551:
1388:
1314:p.127.
1310:
1150:
874:carobs
741:Cyprus
715:Alonim
711:Golani
663:dunams
629:Sarona
623:. The
610:Yishuv
585:Nazism
507:dunams
489:United
469:schism
387:Arabic
367:Ziamet
348:Nahiya
343:Mezraa
339:defter
277:Alonim
265:Israel
242:Hebrew
173:Region
144:Israel
40:Hebrew
2710:Gador
2598:Safed
2487:Gamla
2479:Golan
2407:Lifta
2175:Yifat
2170:Sarid
2160:Mizra
2120:Gazit
1868:(PDF)
1851:(PDF)
1628:(PDF)
1621:(PDF)
1306:2013
1097:, p.
844:dunam
527:]
371:Zebed
363:Safad
316:Roman
271:near
2949:and
2783:Udim
2441:Acre
2125:Gvat
2002:2017
1972:help
1917:help
1876:2015
1839:help
1818:2015
1777:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1702:help
1662:2010
1636:2010
1604:2014
1577:2014
1549:ISBN
1528:2014
1386:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1148:ISBN
939:2024
724:and
487:and
358:Liwa
314:and
275:and
257:Oaks
251:lit.
209:and
198:1948
2276:Adi
2049:IAA
1280:142
1047:175
1035:394
1023:117
1011:273
989:162
872:),
509:).
419:'s
377:of
361:of
351:of
298:of
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