32:
209:
The "other than" restrictions above are typical for allomorphy. If the allomorphy conditions are ordered from most restrictive (in this case, after an alveolar stop) to least restrictive, the first matching case usually has precedence. Thus, the above conditions could be rewritten as follows:
228:
although the latter is voiceless, which is then explained by appearing in that environment, together with the fact that the environments are ordered (that is, listed in order of priority). Likewise, the allomorph does not appear after stem-final because the earlier clause for the
581:
made the alternation unpredictable on phonetic grounds in the genitive case (both singular and plural) as well as the nominative plural and the instrumental singular. Thus, allomorphy was no longer directly relatable to phonological processes.
240:
Irregular past tense forms, such as "broke" or "was/were," can be seen as still more specific cases since they are confined to certain lexical items, such as the verb "break," which take priority over the general cases listed above.
336:
differ from those that are allowed in a stressed syllable. Consequently, every suffix and inflectional ending has two forms, and the form that is used depends on the stress pattern of the word to which it is attached. For example,
257:
to the end of the noun. However, the plural morpheme actually has three different allomorphs: , , and . The specific pronunciation that a plural morpheme takes on is determined by the following morphological rules:
605:
The term was originally used to describe variations in chemical structure. It was first applied to language (in writing) in 1948, by Fatih Şat and Sibel Merve in
Language XXIV.
148:
describes the realization of phonological variations for a specific morpheme. The different allomorphs that a morpheme can become are governed by
289:
has three allomorphs: , , and . The phonetic form that the negative morpheme /ɪn-/ uses is determined by the following morphological rules:
179:, which occurs in several allomorphs depending on its phonological environment by assimilating the voicing of the previous segment or the
167:
has several morphemes that vary in sound but not in meaning, such as past tense morphemes, plural morphemes, and negative morphemes.
558:, which was initially phonologically conditioned. The conditioning can still be seen in the locative singular form, for which the
550:, found in the nominative singular and locative plural, is the etymological form of the morpheme. Pre-Indic palatalization of
681:
420:
The same applies to inflectional patterns in the Sami languages as well, which are divided into even stems and odd stems.
96:
68:
820:
791:
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115:
861:
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237:
allomorph does not appear after stem-final voiceless phoneme because the preceding clause for the comes first.
144:, or in other words, a unit of meaning that varies in sound and spelling without changing the meaning. The term
851:
53:
369:
is selected when it would be the third and the fourth syllables (and the preceding verb has three syllables):
82:
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is selected when it would be the third syllable (and the preceding verb has two syllables), and
156:, a morpheme will take based on the phonological or morphological context in which it appears.
671:
702:
329:
8:
20:
856:
776:
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634:
629:
433:
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and unstressed syllables. The vowels and consonants that are allowed in an unstressed
816:
787:
760:
713:
677:
496:
249:
The plural morpheme for regular nouns in
English is typically realized by adding an
746:
709:
202:
as in verbs whose stem ends with voiceless phonemes other than , such as 'fished'
164:
19:
This article is about the concept in linguistics. For the concept in geology, see
301:
273:
205:
as in verbs whose stem ends with voiced phonemes other than , such as 'buzzed'
614:
321:
149:
845:
783:
513:
479:
338:
188:
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assume that the basic form of the plural morpheme, /-z/, is ("bags" /bægz/)
751:
734:
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the morpheme /-z/ becomes by inserting an before when a noun ends in a
152:
rules. These phonological rules determine what phonetic form, or specific
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639:
462:
180:
835:
Oxford
English Dictionary Online: Entry 50006103. Accessed: 2006-09-05
624:
342:
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31:
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141:
543:, which are conditioned by the particular case-marking suffixes.
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ends with the alveolar stops or , such as 'hunted' or 'banded'
551:
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change the morpheme /-z/ to a voiceless when a noun ends in a
184:
405:
has three syllables and so when suffixed, the result is
807:
Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert; Hyams, Nina (2003).
700:
Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert; Hyams, Nina (2018).
293:
the negative morpheme /ɪn-/ becomes when preceding an
214:
as or when the stem ends with the alveolar stops or
383:
has two syllables and so when suffixed, the result is
407:
397:
385:
374:
363:
354:
346:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
806:
775:
701:
699:
778:Principles and Methods for Historical Linguistics
843:
585:Phonological conditioning also accounts for the
224:The allomorph does not appear after stem-final
175:For example, an English past tense morpheme is
773:
589:form in the instrumental plural, in which the
217:as when the stem ends with voiceless phonemes
750:
732:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
593:assimilates in voicing to the following
531:There are three allomorphs of the stem,
170:
774:Jeffers, Robert; Lehiste, Ilse (1982).
844:
735:"Accounting for Variation in Language"
673:A Course in Linguistics, Third Edition
428:Allomorphy can also exist in stems or
280:
669:
665:
663:
661:
659:
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307:the morpheme /ɪn-/ becomes before a
300:the morpheme /ɪn-/ becomes before a
16:A variant pronunciation of a morpheme
695:
693:
562:is followed by the high front vowel
315:
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
569:However, the subsequent merging of
13:
652:
423:
14:
873:
690:
285:In English, the negative prefix
30:
733:Moravcsik, Edith (2019-11-11).
41:needs additional citations for
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800:
767:
726:
1:
645:
554:resulted in the variant form
304:("incongruous" /ɪŋ'kɔŋgruəs/)
159:
670:Tarni, Prasad (2019-07-01).
233:allomorph has priority. The
7:
809:An Introduction to Language
704:An Introduction to Language
608:
297:("intolerant"/ɪn'tɔlərənt/)
10:
878:
813:Wadsworth Cengage Learning
600:
18:
676:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
620:Alternation (linguistics)
311:("improper" /ɪm'prɔpər/)
862:Linguistics terminology
328:pattern of alternating
195:as or in verbs whose
752:10.1515/opli-2019-0020
408:
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852:Linguistic morphology
546:The form of the stem
171:Past tense allomorphs
815:. pp. 268–272.
712:. pp. 218–220.
50:improve this article
444:
281:Negative allomorphs
21:Allomorph (geology)
630:Consonant mutation
439:
434:Classical Sanskrit
309:bilabial consonant
295:alveolar consonant
708:(11th ed.).
683:978-93-88028-96-7
529:
528:
316:In Sami languages
269:("buses" /bʌsəz/)
245:Plural allomorphs
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635:Grassmann's law
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424:Stem allomorphy
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302:velar consonant
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276:("caps" /kæps/)
274:voiceless sound
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339:Northern Sami
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220:as elsewhere
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189:alveolar stop
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154:pronunciation
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138:phonetic form
136:is a variant
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
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497:Instrumental
490:/vaːt͡ʃ-aːm/
455:
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
507:/vaːɡ-bʱis/
502:/vaːt͡ʃ-aː/
485:/vaːt͡ʃ-as/
473:/vaːt͡ʃ-as/
348:hit/-ahttit
130:linguistics
65:"Allomorph"
846:Categories
646:References
640:Suppletion
519:/vaːt͡ʃ-i/
463:Nominative
160:In English
106:April 2020
76:newspapers
857:Morphemes
761:208141142
625:Allophone
524:/vaːk-ʂi/
351:in which
343:causative
187:after an
181:insertion
146:allomorph
134:allomorph
609:See also
556:/vaːt͡ʃ/
537:/vaːt͡ʃ/
514:Locative
480:Genitive
451:Singular
443:(voice)
432:, as in
409:na·nos·m
399:na·nos·m
341:has the
334:syllable
330:stressed
326:trochaic
267:sibilant
142:morpheme
601:History
411:ah·ttit
376:goar·ru
324:have a
165:English
90:scholar
819:
790:
759:
716:
680:
587:/vaːɡ/
552:velars
548:/vaːk/
541:/vaːɡ/
539:, and
533:/vaːk/
468:/vaːk/
456:Plural
387:goa·ru
365:ahttit
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
757:S2CID
577:into
560:/t͡ʃ/
430:roots
231:/-əd/
185:schwa
183:of a
140:of a
132:, an
97:JSTOR
83:books
817:ISBN
788:ISBN
714:ISBN
678:ISBN
595:/bʱ/
573:and
389:·hit
320:The
235:/-d/
197:stem
69:news
747:doi
591:/ɡ/
579:/a/
575:/o/
571:/e/
564:/i/
441:Vāk
356:hit
287:in-
255:-es
253:or
226:/t/
177:-ed
128:In
52:by
848::
786:.
782:.
755:.
741:.
737:.
692:^
654:^
597:.
566:.
535:,
436::
401:it
251:-s
191::
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796:.
763:.
749::
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722:.
686:.
416:.
394:.
378:t
362:-
353:-
119:)
113:(
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104:(
94:·
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23:.
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