42:
904:, which were a popular entertainment at the time. Strange phenomena attributed to the action of spirits were considered a novelty, featuring objects that moved or "tapped", purportedly under the control of "spirits". In some cases, this was alleged to be a type of communication: the supposed spirits answered questions by controlling the movements of objects so as to pick out letters to form words, or simply indicate "yes" or "no". At the time,
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924:. During his initial investigation, he stated that before accepting a spiritual or paranormal cause for some phenomena, it would be necessary first to test if ordinary material causes could explain them. He proposed that fraud, hallucination and unconscious mental activity might explain many phenomena regarded as mediumistic, and also proposed that telepathy and clairvoyance may be responsible.
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away from the Opera House. In the presence of other guests for the session, he entered into communication with a spirit named Zephyr, who gave him the mission of being the spokesman of the Dead. For him, it was a revelation. He was there, for the first time, witnessing the phenomenon of turntables jumping and running".
885:
According to “My predictions concerning spiritualism” as he himself described in his manuscript written between 1855 and 1856, "in May 1855, he met a certain Mr. Fortier, a magnetizer, who took him to Madame de
Plainemaison, a medium who lived in the Rue de la Grange Bateliere in Paris, just a step
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In 1839, with a new partner, Mr. Maurice
Delachatre, a merchant, he created a so-called "exchange" bank, which aimed to facilitate commercial transactions and thus create new opportunities for trade and industry, in order to support in default of pecuniary resources for the natural products. The
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had become popular. When confronted with the phenomena described, some researchers, including Rivail, pointed out that animal magnetism might explain them. Rivail, however, after seeing a demonstration, dismissed animal magnetism as insufficient to explain his observations.
932:, all purportedly unknown to each other, and documented their responses. From these, he concluded that the best explanation was that personalities that had survived death were the source of at least some mediumistic communications. He became convinced that the mediums:
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Rivail's work with
Pestalozzi helped lay the foundations for the teaching model in schools in France and Germany. For several decades he helped advance Pestalozzi's pedagogy in France, founding schools and working as a teacher, educational writer and translator.
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He was a member of several scholarly societies, including the
Historic Institute of Paris (Institut Historique), Society of Natural Sciences of France (Société des Sciences Naturelles de France), Society for the Encouragement of National Industry
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He compiled over one thousand questions concerning the nature and mechanisms of spirit communications, the reasons for human life on earth, and aspects of the spiritual realm. He asked those questions to ten
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Rivail wrote under the name "Allan Kardec", allegedly following the suggestion of a spirit identified as "Truth". On 18 April 1857, as Allan Kardec, Rivail published his first book on
Spiritism,
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demonstrated unlearned skills such as writing by illiterate mediums, handwriting similar to the alleged communicating personality, and speaking or writing in a language unknown to the medium (
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in medicine. He was also fluent in German, English, Italian, and
Spanish, in addition to his native French. Kardec became interested in Protestantism after his education in Switzerland.
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856:
859:), and The Royal Academy of Arras (Académie d'Arras, Société Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts). He organized and taught free courses for the underprivileged.
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963:, comprising a series of answered questions (502 in the first edition and 1,019 in later editions) exploring matters concerning the nature of spirits, the
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Allan Kardec (a), a compilation of short works entitled
Christian Spiritism (Philadelphia: Allan Kardec Educational Society, 1985), p. 189
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Spiritism and Mental Health: Practices from
Spiritist Centers and Spiritist Psychiatric Hospitals in Brazil. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
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Janet Duncan, Translator's
Preface to Allan Kardec's The Gospel According to Spiritism (London: Headquarters Publishing, 1987), pp. ix–x
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Kardec, A. (1860b). Formation de la terre. Théorie de l'incrustation planétaire. Revue
Spirite – Journal d’Études Psychologiques
967:, and the relationship between the spirit world and the material world. This was followed by a series of other books, including
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provided accurate information unknown to themselves or others present (e.g. personal information about deceased individuals);
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1244:. Proceedings of the Parapsychological Association & Society for Psychical Research Convention. Winchester, UK.
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He compiled the mediums' responses that were consistent and adapted them into a philosophy that he called
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duration of the trading bank was fixed by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry at ten years.
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The Spirit Book: The Encyclopedia of Clairvoyance, Channeling, and Spirit Communication
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Of Wonders and Wise Men: Religion and Popular Cultures in Southeast Mexico, 1800–1876
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accurately portrayed a range of personality characteristics of deceased individuals.
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Allan Kardec and the development of a research program in psychic experiences
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Sea El Santisimo: A Manual for Misa Espiritual & Mediumship Development
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Naitre, mourir, renaitre encore et progresser sans cesse, telle est la loi
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As a result of these influences, Rivail began his own investigation of
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Maior, Marcel Souto (2013). "Forças Ocultas" [Hidden forces].
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Unruly Spirits. The Science of Psychic Phenomena in Modern France
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Introduction to the U.S. Latina and Latino Religious Experience
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Camille Flammarion: la passion des étoiles à la portée de tous
1259:(In Portuguese). Ponto-e-Vírgula, 10: 282–285, 2011. PUC-SP.
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ALLAN KARDEC: Free PDF spiritist books in several languages
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Rivail was in his early 50s when he became interested in
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Plan proposé pour l'amélioration de l'éducation publique
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1458:, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010. p. 17.
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A Educação: saber e sabor na relação entre sujeitos
16:
French educator, translator, and author (1804–1869)
1180:A possible explanation for these movements is the
857:Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale
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800:of the French educator, translator, and author
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2247:National Spiritualist Association of Churches
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1480:, savoirs.essonne.fr; accessed 12 July 2014.
1418:Kardec 1986, 1996, 1999; Moreira-Almeida 2008
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1097:Catéchisme grammatical de la langue française
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1467:Banque des savoirs. Histoire des sciences -
1368:, espirito.org.br; accessed 30 October 2015.
1209:Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology
1335:. University of Texas Press. 6 March 2009.
26:"Kardec" redirects here. For the film, see
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1085:Cours pratique et théorique d'arithmétique
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2257:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
86:Learn how and when to remove this message
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49:This article includes a list of general
1653:Divulgacion de Espiritismo en Argentina
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2272:International Spiritualist Federation
1709:
1381:. Nzo Quimbanda Exu Ventania. p. 13.
805:
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556:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
1665:British Union of Spiritist Societies
35:
2227:List of Spiritualist organizations
1635:Allan Kardec Biographic Information
1309:. Brill Academic Publishers. 2004.
1238:Moreira-Almeida, Alexander (2008).
13:
1069:in 1869, Kardec was buried at the
988:The Genesis According to Spiritism
546:James Randi Educational Foundation
55:it lacks sufficient corresponding
19:For the Brazilian footballer, see
14:
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2614:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
1584:The Gospel According to Spiritism
1557:
1132:The Gospel According to Spiritism
1002:Kardec's research influenced the
976:The Gospel According to Spiritism
1702:by Federação Espirita Brasileira
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1614:Allan Kardec Educational Society
1211:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 491;
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1160:Genesis According to Spiritism
1127:L'Évangile selon le Spiritisme
1031:On 6 February 1832 he married
802:Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail
121:Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail
1:
2252:Spiritualists' National Union
1543:. Visible Ink Press. p. 210;
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485:Reportedly haunted locations:
2242:London Spiritualist Alliance
1445:(26th ed. Feb., pp. 273–275)
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1692:(public domain audiobooks)
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991:, and by a periodical, the
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324:Electronic voice phenomenon
10:
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1377:Mario Dos Ventos. (2008).
1072:Cimetière du Père Lachaise
1065:After his death caused by
1054:Cimetière du Père Lachaise
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836:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
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830:in 1804 and raised as a
596:Apparitional experiences
2619:19th-century occultists
2528:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
2393:Carlos María de Heredia
1253:Eliane Rezende Garcia.
1057:. The inscription says
1033:Amélie Gabrielle Boudet
654:Argument from ignorance
621:Out-of-body experiences
334:Extrasensory perception
205:Amélie Gabrielle Boudet
70:more precise citations.
2458:Charles Arthur Mercier
2267:Arthur Findlay College
2106:William Stainton Moses
2071:Gladys Osborne Leonard
1630:U.S. Spiritist Council
1514:Kardec – The Biography
1400:, Chapters 8 & 14.
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997:Spiritist Codification
812:Spiritist Codification
679:Communal reinforcement
172:Père Lachaise Cemetery
2418:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
2323:Milbourne Christopher
2232:Spiritualist churches
2101:Lorin Morgan-Richards
2096:William Usborne Moore
1765:Cross-Correspondences
1686:Works by Allan Kardec
1677:Works by Allan Kardec
1659:Libros de Espiritismo
1359:Textos – Allan Kardec
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838:. Rivail completed a
814:, and the founder of
659:Argumentum ad populum
591:Anomalous experiences
571:Scientific skepticism
389:Paranormal television
2604:Deaths from aneurysm
2433:John Nevil Maskelyne
2333:Edmund Smith Conklin
1509:Kardec – A Biografia
1182:ideomotor phenomenon
1115:Le Livre des Médiums
1103:Le Livre des Esprits
674:Cognitive dissonance
669:Begging the question
616:Ideomotor phenomenon
2599:French male writers
2508:Julien J. Proskauer
2298:George Miller Beard
2293:John Henry Anderson
2031:Daniel Dunglas Home
1748:History and beliefs
1574:The Book on Mediums
1120:The Book on Mediums
896:Kardecist spiritism
826:Rivail was born in
724:Scientific evidence
566:Scientific literacy
2548:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
2383:William A. Hammond
2186:Stanisława Tomczyk
2176:Emanuel Swedenborg
2126:Ethel Post-Parrish
2091:Francis Ward Monck
1936:Arthur Conan Doyle
1810:Spirit photography
1670:2014-12-10 at the
1645:2005-09-06 at the
1476:2014-12-14 at the
1427:Kardec 1868, p. 12
1364:2009-12-24 at the
1139:Le Ciel et L'Enfer
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1012:Camille Flammarion
434:Spirit photography
384:Paranormal fiction
309:Demonic possession
2589:Writers from Lyon
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2553:Lyttelton Winslow
2518:Donovan Rawcliffe
2483:E. Clephan Palmer
2453:Georgess McHargue
2343:Stuart Cumberland
2318:William Carpenter
2237:Spiritist centres
2196:George Valiantine
2116:Eusapia Palladino
2086:Carmine Mirabelli
2046:Swami Laura Horos
1996:Kathleen Goligher
1921:Geraldine Cummins
1876:Stephen E. Braude
1815:Spirit possession
1800:Spiritual healing
1760:Automatic writing
1640:The Spirits' Book
1606:by Allan Kardec (
1596:by Allan Kardec (
1586:by Allan Kardec (
1576:by Allan Kardec (
1566:by Allan Kardec (
1564:The Spirits' Book
1549:978-15785-921-3-5
1492:Gabriel Dellane.
1398:The Medium's Book
1387:978-09556-903-0-3
1217:978-11613-618-2-7
970:The Medium's Book
918:psychic phenomena
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729:Scientific method
439:Spirit possession
254:Astral projection
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1961:William Eglinton
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1655:de Allan Kardec
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304:Cryptozoology
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248:Main articles
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149:31 March 1869
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38:
37:
32:
30:
22:
2538:Gordon Stein
2363:Chris French
2328:Edward Clodd
2313:Derren Brown
2303:Ruth Brandon
2288:David Abbott
2211:Chico Xavier
2171:Doris Stokes
2146:Jane Roberts
2076:Oliver Lodge
2061:Allan Kardec
2060:
2041:William Hope
1976:Leslie Flint
1941:Helen Duncan
1931:Frank Decker
1926:Pearl Curran
1911:Mina Crandon
1896:Eva Carrière
1871:Ada Besinnet
1846:Derek Acorah
1820:Spirit world
1737:Spiritualism
1626:a 2019 film.
1540:
1532:
1513:
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1205:Lewis Spence
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1006:research of
1001:
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965:spirit world
958:
956:
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926:
915:
906:Franz Mesmer
899:
884:
881:Spiritualism
875:
866:
853:
825:
801:
785:Allan Kardec
784:
783:
744:Urban legend
734:Superstition
714:Protoscience
709:Junk science
649:Anomalistics
526:Cold reading
484:
483:
459:Supernatural
449:Spiritualism
444:Spirit world
394:Precognition
279:Clairvoyance
192:
168:Burial place
151:(1869-03-31)
102:Allan Kardec
82:
76:October 2015
73:
54:
28:
2584:1869 deaths
2579:1804 births
2513:James Randi
2503:Harry Price
2478:Joe Nickell
2463:Albert Moll
2428:David Marks
2358:Henry Evans
2206:Etta Wriedt
2201:Jack Webber
2166:Henry Slade
2151:William Roy
2016:Alec Harris
2011:Robert Hare
1981:Arthur Ford
1971:Fox sisters
1966:Colin Evans
1956:John Edward
1856:Dan Aykroyd
1482:(in French)
1409:Kardec 1860
739:Uncertainty
464:Telekinesis
414:Psychometry
299:Conjuration
68:introducing
21:Alan Kardec
2573:Categories
2543:Amy Tanner
2398:Carl Hertz
2136:Bert Reese
2051:Cecil Husk
2001:Rita Goold
1785:Mediumship
1539:. (2005).
1207:. (2003).
1192:References
941:xenoglossy
922:mediumship
822:Early life
699:Groupthink
519:Skepticism
454:Stone Tape
359:Mediumship
314:Demonology
269:Bilocation
240:Paranormal
178:Occupation
127:1804-10-03
51:references
2609:Spiritism
2191:Ena Twigg
2006:Jan Guzyk
1986:Colin Fry
1770:Ectoplasm
1741:spiritism
1265:1982-4807
1151:La Genèse
1004:psychical
952:Spiritism
920:, mainly
890:Spiritism
844:doctorate
816:Spiritism
796:) is the
536:Debunking
469:Telepathy
319:Ectoplasm
289:Cold spot
259:Astrology
212:Signature
194:Spiritism
2281:Skeptics
1690:LibriVox
1668:Archived
1643:Archived
1474:Archived
1362:Archived
1079:Writings
1067:aneurysm
863:Educator
798:pen name
704:Hypnosis
611:Hypnosis
339:Forteana
329:Exorcism
232:a series
230:Part of
182:educator
1604:Genesis
1163:), 1868
1155:Genesis
1147:), 1865
1135:), 1864
1123:), 1861
1111:), 1857
930:mediums
902:séances
789:French:
684:Fallacy
643:Related
479:Ufology
404:Psychic
364:Miracle
64:improve
1830:Theism
1790:Séance
1755:Apport
1624:Kardec
1547:
1520:
1385:
1339:
1313:
1263:
1215:
1099:(1848)
1093:(1828)
1087:(1824)
1027:Family
872:Banker
850:Career
842:and a
601:Empath
369:Occult
234:on the
201:Spouse
161:France
139:France
53:, but
31:(film)
29:Kardec
1512:[
1168:Notes
1049:grave
1039:Death
506:World
491:India
379:Ouija
354:Magic
157:Paris
1739:and
1545:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1261:ISSN
1213:ISBN
1014:and
985:and
828:Lyon
541:Hoax
264:Aura
146:Died
135:Lyon
117:Born
1688:at
1679:at
1608:PDF
1598:PDF
1588:PDF
1578:PDF
1568:PDF
1157:or,
1051:at
374:Orb
2575::
1223:^
1075:.
1035:.
1018:.
1010:,
999:.
979:,
973:,
818:.
159:,
137:,
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1319:.
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1141:(
1129:(
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787:(
773:e
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125:(
89:)
83:(
78:)
74:(
60:.
33:.
23:.
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