394:, who confirmed him as his viceroy in September or October 934. Although the caliph's emissary arrived with the insignia for his office, however, Ali delayed giving the requisite tribute; by the time the emissary died in Shiraz two years later, the tribute was still unpaid. Mardavij continued to pose a threat; he decided to invade Khuzistan, which was still under caliphal control, in order to sever the Buyids from the Caliphate. This invasion prompted the caliph to reach an agreement with the Ziyarid, which forced Ali to recognize Mardavij's authority. This recognition proved short-lived, as Mardavij was assassinated in January of 935. Ali then decided to press claims on Khuzistan, and occupied 'Askar Mukram. The Buyid and the caliph then came to terms with one another; the latter confirmed Ali in his possession of Fars and gave Khuzistan to Yaqut.
423:
59:
383:. Having stayed for the winter in Arrajan, Ali decided to campaign in Fars in the spring of 933. There he encountered the resistance of Yaqut, who was also the governor of Fars and from whom Ali had stripped Arrajan. He also found an ally, Zayd ibn Ali al-Naubandagani, a wealthy landowner who disliked the Abbasids. After a series of battles, Ali managed to prove the victor. By May or June 934, he entered
1095:
465:), which in theory made him the highest ranking individual out of all three Buyids, he remained little more than a provincial ruler under Imad al-Dawla's authority. Imad al-Dawla himself claimed the title of senior amir during his lifetime, and although he never officially held it, nor was entitled to do so, he was recognized as the de facto holder of that position.
343:. Not long afterwards Mardavij granted Ali administrative rule over Karaj, a strategically important town probably situated near modern Bahramabad. While making a stop in Ray on his way to Karaj, however, Ali was warned by Mardavij's vizier al-'Amid that the Ziyarid was planning to eliminate him. Hurriedly leaving Ray, he arrived at and took over Karaj.
459:
efforts to take
Khuzistan, and was a subordinate of Imad al-Dawla. He was not listed as an independent ruler on contemporary sources, and the name of his brother appeared before his own on coins struck by him. Despite the fact that Mu'izz al-Dawla's capture of Baghdad resulted in him gaining the title of senior amir (
458:
Imad al-Dawla was not the master of the entire Buyid empire. Rukn al-Dawla, who had carved up his own kingdom without in central Iran without military support from Imad al-Dawla, was relatively independent of the latter. Mu'izz al-Dawla, on the other hand, had been given support by his brother in his
406:
mercenaries that had joined him, as well as the collapse of
Ziyarid control over central Iran, Ali decided that Isfahan should be taken. He sent his brother Hasan to accomplish this. Hasan initially managed to take Isfahan but later encountered difficulties (for details about his campaigns in central
472:
as his successor. He died in
December 949, and his brothers helped to install Fana-Khusraw (who took the title of "'Adud al-Dawla") in Shiraz. Rukn al-Dawla, who was the most powerful of the Buyids, claimed the title of senior amir for himself and received both Mu'izz al-Dawla's and 'Adud al-Dawla's
442:
clan of the
Baridis had become the de facto rulers of the province but were trying to throw off caliphal rule. They asked Ali for their struggle against the Abbasids, providing the pretext for Ahmad to enter Khuzistan. Although the Baridis temporarily recovered the province and even managed to take
370:
governor Yaqut. The enemy army outnumbered Ali's, but a large portion of it defected to him upon his appearance before the city. Yaqut, however, refused to negotiate with him, and
Mardavij's approach forced him to abandon Isfahan in favor of the Ziyarids. Having fled Karaj as well, Ali now took
354:, who controlled the surrounding mountains, he gained control of the region and was heavily enriched by the expeditions. At the same time, he managed to maintain his troops' loyalty, despite Mardavij's attempts to incite them against their master.
455:", while Ali and Hasan were given the titles of "Imad al-Dawla" and "Rukn al-Dawla", respectively. By 948 Rukn al-Dawla had also secured his position in central Iran, causing a clear definition of the borders of the Buyid state.
307:
as a governor of the
Samanids, in around 928. He may have done so at Nasr's suggestion; in any case, he managed to occupy a high position under Makan and gained army commissions for his two younger brothers,
693:
Baker, Christine D. (2016). "The lost origins of the
Daylamites: the construction of a new ethnic legacy for the Buyids". In Kennedy, Rebecca Futo; Jones-Lewis, Molly (eds.).
419:. Although the bulk of that province was compelled to recognize Buyid authority, direct control was not established, and Ali eventually recalled him.
1467:
468:
Imad al-Dawla's lack of an heir posed a problem until shortly before his death. A few months beforehand, he settled on Rukn al-Dawla's eldest son
1487:
335:
Ali and his brothers managed to defect to
Mardavij's side just as the Ziyarid was preparing to undertake the conquest to the south of the
937:
Iran in the Early
Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, Administration and Public Life between the Arab and the Seljuk Conquests, 633-1055
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a few times, Ahmad eventually took control of
Khuzistan himself. From Khuzistan Ahmad waged a series of campaigns in
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In order to prevent Mardavij from pressing claims on his territory, Ali sought the recognition of the Abbasid
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1482:
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17:
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885:
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The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
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The Routledge Handbook of Identity and the Environment in the Classical and Medieval Worlds
8:
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troops to support him, Ali sought to expand his position. Moving against the heretical
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295:, where he became a member of the ruler's entourage. From there he eventually joined
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In order to further secure his position, Ali decided to seize the nearby city of
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
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Ali was the eldest son of Abu Shuja Buya, a fisherman of modest origin from
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1214:
451:, until in 945 he entered Baghdad. The caliph then gave him the title of "
1306:
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856:
Culture and Memory in Medieval Islam: Essays in Honor of Wilferd Madelung
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245:
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329:
63:
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935:
422:
347:
304:
249:
58:
497:
411:). After Hasan took Isfahan, Ali sent his other brother Ahmad (see
325:
288:
316:. In 930, however, Makan rebelled against the Samanids by seizing
768:
Continuity in Iranian Identity: Resilience of a Cultural Heritage
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236:(ruler) from 934 to 949. Together with his two younger brothers,
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Sajjadi, Sadeq; Asatryan, Mushegh; Melvin-Koushki, Matthew.
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names of his sons, typical of the children of a convert.
671:
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276:. Abu Shuja Buya was most likely a recent convert to
841:
222:; c. 891/2 – December 949), was the founder of the
904:
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744:Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah (2009).
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35:
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747:The Rise of Islam: The Idea of Iran Vol 4
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874:Miles, G. C. (1975). "Numismatics". In
835:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 6
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786:Herzig, Edmund; Stewart, Sarah (2011).
764:
545:
14:
1488:Amir al-umara of the Abbasid Caliphate
1445:
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507:Sajjadi, Asatryan & Melvin-Koushki
320:; he was subsequently attacked by the
287:Ali first entered the services of the
992:
873:
828:
692:
521:
491:
476:Imad al-Dawla was buried in Istakhr.
814:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
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27:Founder of the Buyid dynasty in Iran
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36:
24:
25:
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402:Bolstered by many of Mardavij's
57:
697:. Routledge. pp. 281–295.
263:
13:
1:
919:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
479:
358:Foundation of the Buyid state
494:, p. 290 (see note 24).
398:The Buyid empire takes shape
366:, then under control of the
66:of Imad al-Dawla, minted at
7:
1473:10th-century Iranian people
765:Davaran, Fereshteh (2010).
10:
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886:Cambridge University Press
727:Cambridge University Press
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206:), commonly known by his
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934:Spuler, Bertold (2014).
434:Ali next sent Ahmad to
387:, the capital of Fars.
346:With a small number of
1085:Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun
1075:Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun
829:Nagel, Tilman (1990).
431:
328:and forced to give up
1080:Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah
473:recognition as such.
425:
280:, which explains the
888:. pp. 364–378.
729:. pp. 250–304.
339:mountains as far as
212:(honorific epithet)
1483:People from Lahijan
1463:Buyid emirs of Fars
837:. pp. 578–586.
668:, pp. 258–259.
644:, pp. 257–258.
632:, pp. 256–257.
608:, pp. 255–256.
584:, pp. 254–255.
560:, pp. 253–254.
524:, pp. 578–586.
244:, he established a
179:Twelver Shi'a Islam
1245:Musharrif al-Dawla
788:Early Islamic Iran
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430:in the 9th-century
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978:Succeeded by
958:Preceded by
947:978-90-04-28209-4
911:Madelung, Wilferd
866:978-1-86064-859-5
843:Madelung, Wilferd
821:978-0-582-40525-7
375:, a city between
230:, ruling as its
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16:(Redirected from
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558:Bosworth 1975
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536:, p. 36.
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172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
156:Buyid dynasty
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
123:
120:
115:
111:
107:
104:
103:Adud al-Dawla
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
81:Buyid amirate
78:
74:
69:
65:
60:
55:
52:
51:
47:
42:
33:Imad al-Dawla
31:
19:
1423:Taj al-Dawla
1215:Izz al-Dawla
1039:
961:
936:
918:
880:
855:
834:
810:
787:
767:
746:
721:
694:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
589:
577:
565:
553:
546:Davaran 2010
541:
529:
487:
475:
470:Fana-Khusraw
467:
460:
457:
452:
438:, where the
433:
401:
389:
361:
345:
334:
299:, who ruled
286:
267:
264:Early career
231:
213:
207:
188:Ali ibn Buya
187:
186:
128:December 949
44:
18:Ali ibn Buya
1453:890s births
1307:Abu Kalijar
1255:Abu Kalijar
1146:Abu Kalijar
1070:Abu Kalijar
352:Khurramites
246:triumvirate
204:علي بن بویه
196:علی بن بویه
176:(until 941)
1458:949 deaths
1447:Categories
1330:Tabaristan
1321:(976–1024)
1274:(966–1048)
1202:(945–1055)
1160:(943–1029)
1108:(940–1048)
1032:(934–1062)
522:Nagel 1990
492:Baker 2016
480:References
415:) to take
407:Iran, see
330:Tabaristan
219:عمادالدوله
181:(from 941)
64:Gold dinar
50:Shahanshah
37:عمادالدوله
1427:Khuzestan
1370:(978-989)
1333:(980–997)
940:. Brill.
927:1875-9831
436:Khuzistan
381:Khuzistan
348:Daylamite
99:Successor
70:in 946/47
917:(eds.).
906:"Būyids"
853:(2003).
831:"Buyids"
808:(2004).
326:Mardavij
318:Khurasan
289:Samanids
170:Religion
1318:Hamadan
965:of the
878:(ed.).
719:(ed.).
687:Sources
445:Baghdad
440:Basrian
426:Map of
404:Turkish
373:Arrajan
368:Abbasid
364:Isfahan
324:prince
322:Ziyarid
293:Nasr II
258:Baghdad
192:Persian
151:Dynasty
143:Istakhr
94:934–949
79:of the
68:Hamadan
1367:Jazira
1326:Gorgan
1105:Kerman
944:
925:
892:
863:
818:
794:
775:
754:
733:
701:
417:Kirman
392:Caliph
385:Shiraz
341:Qazvin
337:Alborz
301:Gorgan
291:under
282:Arabic
270:Daylam
254:Shiraz
200:Arabic
162:Father
138:Burial
131:Shiraz
119:Daylam
116:891/92
1413:Basra
909:. In
314:Ahmad
310:Hasan
278:Islam
209:laqab
91:Reign
1431:980s
1417:980s
1328:and
1271:Oman
1199:Iraq
1029:Fars
971:Fars
963:Amir
942:ISBN
923:ISSN
890:ISBN
861:ISBN
816:ISBN
792:ISBN
773:ISBN
752:ISBN
731:ISBN
699:ISBN
449:Iraq
428:Iraq
379:and
377:Fars
312:and
303:and
256:and
240:and
233:amir
228:Fars
125:Died
113:Born
85:Fars
77:Amir
46:Amir
1365:In
1316:In
1269:In
1197:In
1157:Ray
1155:In
1103:In
1027:In
969:of
305:Ray
250:Ray
226:of
83:of
1449::
1429:,
1415:,
913:;
849:;
845:;
833:.
514:^
499:^
332:.
260:.
252:,
202::
198:,
194::
1433:)
1425:(
1419:)
1411:(
1323:,
1012:e
1005:t
998:v
950:.
929:.
898:.
869:.
824:.
800:.
781:.
760:.
739:.
707:.
509:.
216:(
190:(
20:)
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