Ali Pasha of Ioannina

1073: 1428:, proceeded with his attack on Souli, but Botsaris was well-prepared with solid defensive positions. The 1,300 Souliote defenders retreated from their villages and were pushed to the inner mountains of Souli. Ali attempted to coerce Lambros into betraying the Souliotes through a variety of means, and Lambros finally agreed when Ali offered him his freedom and lordship of Souli, although Lambros' 12-year-old son Fotos was taken as a guarantee. Once he was safe, Lambros sent Ali a letter revealing that he did not intend to fulfil his side of the bargain, regardless of whether he had to sacrifice his son or not, and that he would continue fighting against Ali and his men. Ali's men would fail to make further ground, and Ali would cut his losses by exchanging prisoners (including Fotos Tzavelas), paying ransoms and signing a truce. The 1792 attack ended in a Souliote victory, and in the negotiations, the Botsaris clan managed to become recognized by Ali Pasha as the lawful representative clan of Souli and George Botsaris as the one who would enforce the terms of peace among the Souliotes. Ali, however, would not forget this humiliation. 1161: 2729:, previously taken by the Ottoman army during the siege. A few weeks later he was visited by a group of pashas and senior officials. He suspected a trap but the meeting passed without incident. A few days later on January 24, 1822 the Ottoman's boats returned from which a senior official called Kiose Mehmed Pasha, disembarked, claiming that he had in his possession the Sultan's firman for his execution. Ali told him to stay back until he had read the document, but the pasha ignored him and called for him to comply. Ali pulled out his pistol and fired at him, the Pasha returned fire while Kaftan Agas, Hurshid's chief of his staff, managed to wound Ali in the arm with his sword. Ali's bodyguards rushed to protect him and managed to pull him into the building. The resulting gunfight only ended when Ali was mortally wounded in the abdomen by a bullet. This caused his men to surrender. Ali was then beheaded. His last request to his chief bodyguard Thanasis Vagias was for his wife Kyra to be killed in order to prevent her falling into the hands of his enemies, but this was ignored. 2901: 1979: 1544:

languages was quite common in the 18th century. Ioannina was located in a largely Greek-speaking area, and during the Ottoman rule the Albanian language has not been officially recognized. Albanian has become a fully written language with its own script only from the mid-19th century, while written Greek was a well established language within the Ottoman Empire. The formal bureaucratic language of the Empire was entirely replaced with Greek in the pashalik, and in Ali's court diplomatic business was exclusively conducted in Greek as well as much of the formal correspondence. Ali also used the Greek script to write in Albanian and to transliterate Turkish in his personal correspondence. The usage of Greek, however, did not in any way make Ali Greek, just as his role as Ottoman appointee did not in any way make him Ottoman. He was first and foremost considered as an Albanian.

1553: 1437: 1274: 2717:. By October the war of attrition had taken its toll and starved Ali in burnt Ioannina of supplies. He had his men place barrels of gunpowder in the basement should it become necessary to blow up the citadel. Ali Pasha accepted a request from the Ottomans to enter into negotiations, in which he demanded that he be allowed to see the Sultan in person. Hurshid Pasha promised to pass on his request to the Sultan and in the interim issued Ali with a safe pass signed by himself and the other pashas in the army. Hurshid Pasha also sent Ali a fake imperial firman (decree), instructing him to leave the citadel while his request for a full pardon was considered. Ali accepted probably thinking that he could convince the Sultan that he is still needed in the fight against the Greeks. 3161:

Abaxhi, a Muslim Albanian warlord and especially trusted man of Ali Pasha formerly serving as chief of Ali's police troops, noticed that many Greeks were no longer fighting for Ali's cause, as after Mesolonghi had declared for the revolution, the remaining Muslims were massacred, expelled, or enslaved. The local Greek armatole Dimitrios Makris had even ordered mass killing. Mosques were razed to the ground and desecrated, and Muslim gils were forcibly baptized. The disprespect of the alliance by the Greeks became even more clear when Elmaz Bey informed Abaxhi that on their way home from Tripolitsa, they found out that Greeks have strungled some of his soldiers. Hence, after all the evidence, Muslim Albanian leaders eventually broke with Christian Souliotes.

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the Souliote units with troops loyal to Ali Pasha as well as revolutionary leaders from Arta and Acarnania continued. Their alliance was ratified on September 1, 1821. Alexios Noutsos played a key role in this developments while the Greek revolutionary authorities of Acarnania, Aetolia and Morea agreed despite the distrust towards Ali Pasha. In the beginning of September, the regional alliance reached its climax, involving Muslim Albanian beys, Souliote chieftains and Greek armatoles, who pledged to defend Ali Pasha's rebellion against the Ottoman army. Greek singnatories evidently had not real intention to fight for Ali Pasha's cause, they rather agreed merely to exploit the opportunity this alliance offered them.

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allied with all religious and ethnic groups in his territory. At the same time, he did not hesitate to fiercely crush any opponent, and he also developed relations with European powers. By the time of his accession to the Pashalik of Yanina, several almost-independent Albanian and Greek towns of the region reversed their approach of hostility against the Ottoman rule and pledged their loyalty to Ali. Ali's policy as ruler of Janina was mostly governed by expediency; he operated as a semi-independent despot and pragmatically allied himself with whoever offered the most advantage at the time. It was Ali Pasha and his Albanian soldiers and mercenaries who subdued the independent

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becoming the head of a Greek–Albanian kingdom. However, when Ali heard of the outbreak of the Greek revolt, and sent Alexis Noutsos to propose a collaboration between Albanians and Greeks with the aim at establishing an Albanian–Greek state under the sovereignty of Ali Pasha, the Greeks refused Ali's proposal and Noutsos joined the Greek revolutionaries. Greek captains would sign in September 1821 a more limited agreement with Ali, but it was based on obvious mutual suspicion. Albanian agents advised Ali against an alliance with the Greeks because they were militarily useless. Their conclusion about the military ineffectiveness of the Greeks and

751: 1819:. Despite being distant, Ali received reports from his son Mukhtar on the situation in Epirus. These reports detailed subversive activities by the French, particularly their efforts to incite revolt among the Souliotes through the distribution of leaflets and tricolour cockades. Recognizing the potential threat to his rule, Ali obtained special permission from the Sultan to return to Epirus to address these issues whilst maintaining diplomatic communications with the French as he still contemplated a strategic alliance with them. He purportedly offered to join forces with the French in exchange for control over the island of 1877:

were marched to Janina bearing the severed and salted heads of their companions, and were subjected to jeers and abuse from the pro-Ottoman populace as they marched at the head of a grand procession organised by Ali Pasha for his victorious troops. The women and young girls were sold into slavery. Notable among the captured French was Louis-Auguste Camus de Richemont, the commander of the French engineers, who was spared due to Mukhtar's admiration for his bravery. Along with other survivors, including the captured French grenadiers and officers, they were sent to Constantinople. There, they were imprisoned in the

3187: 3565:, p. 21: "That the word 'Albania' was known at all to the English-speaking public in the early nineteenth century was largely down to Byron, who passed through on his first expedition to Greece, aged 21. After reaching Patras in September 1809, he made a detour lasting several weeks to Ioannina, which now lies in Greece but was then considered the de facto capital of south-ern Albania, the honor normally being accorded to Shkodra in the north. He also visited Tepelena, which, alongside Ioannina, was the headquarters of the notorious warlord, Ali Pasha. He then returned to Patras and continued to Athens." 513:. His diplomatic and administrative skills, his interest in modernist ideas and concepts, his popular Muslim piety, his respect towards other religions, his suppression of banditry, his vengefulness and harshness in imposing law and order, and his looting practices towards persons and communities in order to increase his profits caused both the admiration and the criticism of his contemporaries, as well as an ongoing controversy among historians regarding his personality. As his influence grew, his involvement in Ottoman politics increased culminating in his active opposition to the ongoing 49: 1254: 2389: 1681: 223: 643: 2643: 3148:

indiscriminate looting of churches, mosques, shops and stores was perpetrated. The lootings during the siege Arta were especially perpetrated by groups of Souliotes and Acarnanians. Ottoman troops did not intervene because they knew they were not the target. During this event some of the Greek bands plundered the homes of Christians and stole their possessions, even torturing people in boiling oil in order to extort information regarding the hiding places of their valuable belongings.

8731: 7809: 2360:, turned to the French and gathered a coalition of Ali's enemies, including Mustafa Pasha of Delvinë, Pronio Aga of Paramythia, Hasan Çapari of Margariti, the Beys of Himara, the Aga of Konispoli and the Souliotes. This coalition began attacking Ali's realm with support from French artillery, and Ali responded by bribing Ibrahim's supporters with British support. Ali besieged Ibrahim Pasha in Berat with an 8,000-man army commanded by the Albanian captain 1804: 1905: 6077:, pp. 70–71: "Parga, Vonitza, Preveza, and Butrinto. In 1401 the peoples of Parga had established the precedent of colluding with Venice by placing themselves voluntarily under Venetian protection, thus staying the advance of the Ottomans... These territories came to be known for their staunch support of the Greek revolutionary cause and Parga colluded with the independent Orthodox peoples of Souli in their chronic battles with Ali Pasha." 3272: 1854:, which was defended by a small garrison of French soldiers, Souliote fighters, Ionian islanders and local pro-French Greeks. Ali's campaign was made easier by his former enemy, the Albanian chieftain George Botsaris of Souli, who allowed Ali's men passage through Souliote territory in exchange for a payment. The battle itself occurred on the 12th of October as Ali observed from a vantage point above Nicopolis in the same location where 1116:, Ali claimed jurisdiction of the region and organised a campaign in 1785. Himara held out, however, as Ali had other issues to tend to. He failed to establish secure rule over Janina and made enemies of the local Turkish and Greek communities, who protested to the Sublime Porte. He was dismissed from his position in favour of his rival, Kurt Pasha, and was called upon by the Sultan to campaign against Kara Mahmud Pasha Bushati of 3019: 1421:, in which he feigned friendship and admiration whilst asking for their assistance. The Souliotes cautiously accepted, and Botsaris wrote that, although he could not muster enough followers to join Ali, Tzavelas would join his army with 70 men as a sign of friendship. This group was placed on the front lines before Ali had Tzavelas and his men seized, chained and sent to Janina, with some being killed on the spot. 2892:(1833-1919), the first head of the Albanian state, stated that in the case of Ali Pasha there was a sense of wasted opportunity: "If Ali Pasha had been less a man of his time and better endowed with political forethought, he would himself have organized this coup in time, and Albania and Greece, with the whole of Thessaly and Macedonia, might have become an independent State and a kingdom of great importance." 7555: 2878:, meanwhile Ali Pasha was aiming to form some kind of alliance with the British government. Ali's separatist initiative, by conceiving his territory in increasingly independent terms referring to it as "Albania", eventually aiming at creating an independent Albanian–Greek state, revealed the vulnerability of Ottoman power. The Albanian rule of the Pashalik of Yanina as well as that of the 1728:, the neighbouring village to the north, on Easter Sunday when the inhabitants were at prayer, taking the town and other villages and then reducing them to ruins. They ravaged as far north as Himara itself, and it was said that 6,000 unarmed civilians were slaughtered in the process (some by roasting alive and impalement) whilst the rest of the population were sent to Ali's farms near 2225:, who commanded a force of Greek volunteers and Russian troops, including a regiment of 3,000 irregular light riflemen that consisted of Himariotes, Souliotes, Albanians and Greeks. A stand-off between the two sides ensued as they engaged in skirmishes, and the siege was interrupted when Ali had to return to Ioannina with 1,600 men to meet with emissaries sent by the Sultan. 2050:, which is portrayed in a number of ways in different versions. The exiled Souliote men went into military service wherever they could, such as for the Russians, the French, the Ottomans or even Ali himself. Souliote men who were captured during the conquest were tortured to death and then impaled or burnt, whilst captured Souliote women and children were enslaved in harems. 3118:

homeland in Souli in December 1820 contributed to the creation of a revolutionary center in Epirus a fact that supported the developments for the upcoming Greek revolution in southern Greece. The collusions of Souliotes and Muslim Albanians for the defense of Ali Pasha, which led to a written agreement in January 15, and 1821 were in accordance with the positions of

710:, two Christian and Muslim Albanian villages respectively. Hamko and Ali's sister were captured by the men of Kardhiq, raped and then humiliated by being forced to walk through the streets with a man on her back. From then on, Hamko would instil a desire for revenge in Ali, who would avenge his mother by massacring the inhabitants of Kardhiq in his later years. 1144:

giving the Porte enough time to object, while others suggest that he gained enough support from the notables of Janina that they petitioned the Sultan for his appointment on his behalf. Whatever the case, the earliest known reference to Ali as the Pasha of Janina is dated to the 15th of March, 1788. In that same year, he delegated the title of

2754:, which he shares with one of his wives. His head was meanwhile sent to Constantinople where was displayed to the public on a revolving platter in a courtyard of the Sultan's palace. When the Sultan subsequently had Ali's three sons and grandson executed, Ali's head was buried with them in tombs outside the Selvyria gate in Constantinople. 1920:, a refuge for those fleeing Turkish rule and a longstanding irritant to Epirus' rulers. Ali extended an offer of autonomy to Parga, which the inhabitants resolutely declined, citing their commitment to liberty and opposition to tyranny. This resistance would become another thorn in Ali's side. Meanwhile, Ali's ambitions extended to 3178:

Though his subject population was by vast majority Greek and noted for their nationalist sentiment there is little evidence that Ali conceived of his desire for independence in such terms. However, he believed that he could make use of the local Greek national sentiment to strengthen his own power and separatist tendencies.

3752:. (Greek), p. 3: "Εξαιτίας της μοναδικότητας του ονόματος μιας οικογένειας που μετανάστευσε από την Ανατολία στη Ρούμελη και εγκαταστάθηκε στο Τεπελένι, υπάρχουν ισχυρισμοί που τον θέλουν Τούρκο. Εντούτοις οι ισχυρισμοί αυτοί είναι αβάσιμοι αφού στην πραγματικότητα είναι αποδεδειγμένο ότι καταγόταν από τη νότια Αλβανία." 3093:. The inhabitants of Parga displayed continuous support for Greek revolutionary activities and cooperated with the inhabitants of Souli against Ali Pasha. Coastal towns that were under French control, such as Parga and Preveza, were a source of increasing Greek nationalist sentiment encouraged through French interference. 1998:

learned from previous failures that direct assaults were futile, and so he blockaded Suli with a ring of 12 fortresses, with the one at Gliki controlling the only road into Suli. The slow construction of these fortresses was further complicated by Souliote sharpshooters, and an estimated third of Ali's troops deserted.

6286:, p. 119: "The Muslim Albanians now abandoned not only their pact with the Greeks but also Ali Pasha himself in order to fight for the sultan. Ambatzis and the others approached the Ottoman commander in chief , Khurshid Pasha , asking for his pardon and pledging to help him kill Ali and drive out the Greeks." 4340:, p. 253: "Ali immediately ordered an all out attack on Souli in July 1792 with... The Souliotes accepted negotiations and presented the terms which included: the exchange of hostaged Souliotes for prisoners taken from among Ali's troops, the return of all Parasouliote villages to the Souliote confederation" 1948:

further hindering Ali's territorial ambitions. The Russo-Turkish forces eventually captured Corfu, ending French rule in the Ionian Islands. Ali and his sons contributed to the siege, albeit in a diversionary role, which nonetheless enhanced his reputation, reportedly earning commendation from Admiral

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Around the same time, during the Ottoman siege of Ali Pasha's forces in Ioannina, Muslim Albanian leaders were being informed about events in the Morea, which led them to start doubting about the allegiance of their Greeks allies. Indeed, visiting Mesolonghi in October to see the Greek actions, Tahir

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The immediate objective of the alliance was the capture of Arta, which was at that time under Ottoman control. Roughly four thousand armed men gathered to besiege Arta. The city was attacked by both Muslims and Christians, Albanians and Greeks who had united their forces to pillage the city, where an

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Ali's head was wrapped in a cloth, put on a silver platter and displayed though the streets and the homes of the notables of Ioannina to prove that the Ali was dead. The local archbishop was having dinner with friends when Hurshid's bodyguards forced their way into the room and desposited the head on

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in November 1807, with the most important being held in secret on 12 November near Nicopolis. Ali had hoped that Britain would invade the Ionian Islands on his behalf, whereas Leake utilised Ali to reconcile Britain and the Porte. The French, however, continued to pressure Ali to hand over Butrint to

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arranged for the surrender of the Souliotes with their leader Fotos, but a faction of the Souliotes preferred death instead. This faction, led by a monk known as Last Judgement Samuel and with the knowledge of Fotos, waited for Ali's troops to come and take the arsenal; once the soldiers had entered,

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in 1802, which Britain and France briefly endorsed. The resumption of hostilities between Britain and France in 1803 saw Ali reaching out to the British Embassy for guidance, marking the beginning of official British contact with him. Ali's aggressive actions against towns under French influence were

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Language was a defining element of Ali's identity, as well as of his government and the region he controlled in general. Ali's native language was Albanian. His degree of proficiency in written Greek is debatable, but it is known that he was able to speak the language. Albanians and Greeks exchanging

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in Janina, Bekir Bey. Ali preferred to take the taxes directly into his own hands, and Bekir was promptly imprisoned upon his rejection of Ali's proposal. The Souliote confederacy posed a continuous threat to Ali's Pashalik by constantly raiding and terrorising the surrounding villages. The Souliotes

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During war-time, Ali Pasha could assemble an army of 50,000 Albanian men in a matter of two to three days and could double that number in two to three weeks. Leading these armed forces was Ali's Supreme Council. The Commander-in-chief was the founder and financier, Ali Pasha. Council members included

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to re-establish regional order. Gazi Hasan Pasha, although aided by local Turks, armatoles and Greek peasants, was not able to defeat and drive out the Albanians. However, he later succeeded in pacifying the Albanians in the Morea, but peace was only temporarily restored as the Albanians continued to

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subject. Ali arrived in the town with his Albanians as a show of force, and when he could not find Avronites, Ali seized a number of Venetian subjects, including the Venetian consul. They were released only after Missolonghi's leaders declared that they would pay the debt themselves, and Ali took 500

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as his sister's dowry. One claim suggests that she was first married to Sulejman's brother, also called Ali, but he died or was murdered by Sulejman with Ali Pasha's permission. Shainitza's third son, Adem, would become the governor of Libohovë, and her daughter from her first marriage was married to

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This so-called Greek-Albanian alliance was finally dissolved and the Muslim allies of Ali Pasha as well as the warlords (oplarhichoi) of Acarnania switched sides and came to the Sultan's camp. As a consequence Ali Pasha's resistance had been broken and the fortress of Ioannina was captured easily in

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A failure in the sector of Tzoumerka thwarted the plans of the Greek revolutionaries and Ali, however their operational capabilities in the area had not been diminished. The revolutionaries of the area of Arta under Gogos Bakolas resisted the Ottoman advance at Peta on July 15. Communication between

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Alexandros Ypsilantis anticipated that Ali would provide resistance against the Sultan's troops in Epirus. On January 29, 1821, Ypsilantis ordered that Greek forces should be dispatched to Epirus to join those of Ali Pasha, temporarily and ostensibly, until they managed to defeat the Ottomans there.

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for all his courtly dealings, with the effect of linking, although inchoately, the ruling class with the predominantly Greek-speaking population of the territories where Ali's rule stretched. As a consequence, a part of the local Greek population showed sympathy towards his rule. This also activated

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The klephts and the armatoli were pushed towards a common cause by the actions of Ali Pasha and the Ottoman authorities, and under French influence, this began to develop into a more idealistic plan for the future. In 1807, the captains of the bands of Santa Maura met together with other klephts who

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Fotos Tzavelas, son of Lambros, became the new leader of the Souliotes, who were running out of supplies whilst Ali Pasha's army of 20,000 continuously received imperial supplies. Ali finally attacked in autumn of 1803, and in response, most of the Souliotes gathered at the stronghold of Kungi above

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Ali's mother Hamko was forced to take control of Veli's band in order to retain her family's position. She was said to have poisoned Ali's half-brother (along with the boy's mother) in order to secure Ali's inheritance. She had a great impact on Ali's personality, and Ali deeply respected her. Hamko

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to guarantee his protection and returned to Janina, where he met with Ali. As Vlachavas was leaving the room, Ali had him arrested, imprisoned and eventually executed once he had obtained permission from the Porte. Vlachavas' remains, which were cut to pieces, were hung up on display in Janina, and

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was sent with 4,000 soldiers to destroy the klephts in 1808. The klepht movement began to degenerate into brigandage, and they targeted both Greeks and Muslims indiscriminately as support for their cause disintegrated. With the aid of Ali's informers and particularly the betrayal of a klepht called

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served Ali Pasha as armatoloi on numerous occasions, but Nikotsaras became a bandit after shooting a Turkish soldier and caused so much trouble in Thessaly that the authorities put a bounty on him. After taking a hiatus from banditry, Nikotsaras was forgiven by Ali, who reinstated him as one of his

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as efforts to suppress Greek insurrection on behalf of the Sultan. However, this justification seemed redundant, given that these towns were not under Turkish rule and were embroiled in a war with France, and the situation was further complicated by increasing Greek nationalist sentiment fuelled by

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Ali Pasha quickly assembled his forces, although historical accounts differ as to whether Ali secured a commission to confront the French through diplomatic channels in Constantinople or whether the Porte's slow response led Ali to unilaterally mobilize over 20,000 troops against a potential French

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to subdue him. He was eventually captured by Kurt, possibly twice but definitely in 1775 when it is known that Ali was actually employed in Kurt's service, due to a hostility that had arisen between the two upon Kurt's rejection of Ali's offer to marry Kurt's daughter, Miriem. Instead, Miriem would

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under order by Ypsilantis urged the Souliotes to maintain their alliance with Ali Pasha, but to ignore the military priorities of the latter and concentrate to armed operations that would facilitate the spread of the revolutionary movement in Epirus. Perraivos also emphasized only to the prominent

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Hurshid Pasha, to whom it was presented on a large dish of silver plate, rose to receive it, bowed three times before it, and respectfully kissed the beard, expressing aloud his wish that he himself might deserve a similar end. To such an extent did the admiration with which Ali's bravery inspired

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in 1807, in which the Russians placed the Ionian Islands, Butrint, Preveza, Vonitsa and Parga back under French protection. Ioannis Kapodistrias notified Ali of the new situation, to which Ali replied that the truce has nothing to do with him but that he would honour it as long as no armatoli were

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the village of Suli with their supplies running increasingly low. Out of desperation, the Souliotes decided that those who wished to surrender would be allowed to do so, and Ali saw this as an opportunity to take the Souliote leaders hostage and expel the Souliotes from their stronghold. Ali's son

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The French aided the Souliotes by funnelling money and supplies through Parga, hoping to weaken the Ottoman Empire. In response, the Porte obliged Ali Pasha to eliminate the Souliote threat, and Ali proceeded by commencing a war of attrition with the help of the Çapari family of Margariti. Ali had

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against France, the Ottoman Empire side-lined Ali as a Russian-Turkish fleet moved to capture the Ionian Islands from the French. Ali's attempts to negotiate control of the island were interrupted by the arrival of this fleet. Parga, seizing the opportunity, placed itself under Russian protection,

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reported in 1815 that during a personal conversation with Ali it apparently emerged that Napoleon, at a certain point, had promised Ali the position of King of Albania, but Holland also remarked that Ali was not convinced by the offer, because he distrusted the French. As such, Ali's alliance with

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elite informed Ali that there was a rival bid for control of the passes in 1797, Ali was encouraged to make a higher offer to the treasury and to ameliorate relations with the local communities he collected taxes from, as their complaints could serve as a justification for the authorities granting

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also offered to pay Ali Pasha so that they may be placed under his protection. Ali did not only provide protection from bandits, however, as he offered protection from the Sultan's tax collectors as well, interfering with the collection and disposal of government tax revenue through the bribery of

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Correspondence from Ali's subjects during this period make heavy use of flattering and obsequious phrases whilst Ali's replies are terse and factual, reflecting the power dynamic between them; villagers often wrote to Ali with complaints about the Souliotes thieving their sheep or about raids from

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in 1774, was acknowledged as the protector of all Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire. At the behest of the Russians, the Souliotes had reportedly gathered 2,200 men who were ready to take up arms against Ali Pasha, and in response, Ali immediately mobilised his forces. With a force of 3,000

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In the meantime, Kurt Pasha had died and was succeeded by his ally in Berat, Ibrahim Pasha. The Porte awarded Ali with control of Janina, however, the accounts on how this occurred vary; some suggest that Ali surrounded Janina with his forces and presented a forged document from the Sultan without

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before eventually subjugating Gjirokastër itself. In an act of vengeance on the people of Hormovë for their part in the humiliation of his mother and sister, Ali would attack the village with over 1,000 men after lulling the town into a false sense of friendship. The men were killed, the women and

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for the next two years. The Porte forced Kurt to directly challenge Ali's disruption, and although Kurt could muster a force of 10,000 men and 100 cavalry, he would not be able to defeat Ali in the mountain passes and resorted to besieging Tepelena. Ali had no other option but to break through the

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The Filiki Etairia already had expanded widely in 1820 at the time when Ali Pasha was found in open conflict with the Sultan. Its leadership decided that the conditions for the outbreak of the revolution were ideal since the conflict between Ali Pasha and the Sultan caused great unrest in Epirus,

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in the north to Arta in the south. Ali also purchased the pitch mines between Berat and Vlorë from the Porte, which allowed him to begin exporting goods throughout the Mediterranean from Vlorë. Ali named his son Mukhtar as the new pasha of Berat, whilst the former pasha Ibrahim was imprisoned and

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Ali Pasha's realm became increasingly independent, and he had begun to employ agents throughout Europe to further his ambitions. Even though the Ottomans and the British were at odds, Ali maintained relations with Britain and shifted his allegiance towards them once the French received the Ionian

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Ali ordered the neighbouring pashas to gather their forces and amassed a vast army of 80,000 troops to be used as a show of force in areas rampant with banditry. He first toured the new territories in Macedonia that were now under his control and ordered that they be provided with food and money,

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When the town was finally conquered, a major slaughter occurred against the local people as retaliation for their resistance. Ali ordered the execution of 300 Greeks in front of him, and when a number of those who fled returned on the false promise of amnesty, 170 of them were executed. Survivors

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However, Ali Pasha's engagement in this campaign and the French's anger over his actions against their ally Pazvantoğlu strained his relations with France. Ali, in turn, was also disappointed with the failure of French promises of support; aside from pledges of financial and military support, the

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after he pleaded to Ali for help. Although he had obtained his power through force in a lawless environment, it was crucial for Ali Pasha to maintain peace and stability to ensure that his coffers remained full. Ali would offer protection to towns and villages in return for their loyalty, thereby

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After failing to defeat the Souliotes via direct assault, Ali took another approach. In 1792, Ali mustered 10,000 men to attack Gjirokastër in response to the town declining his imposition of a bey, but this was all part of an elaborate plan to lure the Souliotes from their mountains. Ali wrote a

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Ali's own perception of group identity derived from the ancient legacy of Albanian banditry along with the accompanying Albanian pseudo-nobility. Ali conceived an independent state that almost certainly would have been controlled by this Albanian military and aristocratic elite. As Pasha, Ali was

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Ali first appears in historical accounts as the leader of a band of Albanian brigands who became involved in many confrontations with Ottoman state officials in Albania and Epirus. He joined the administrative-military apparatus of the Ottoman Empire, holding various posts until 1788, when he was

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included a lengthy account of Ali Pasha, based on personal acquaintance and multiple conversations with Ali and several other personalities associated with him. Pouqueville in this work pointed out that Ali's rule and rebellion against the Porte was a vital precondition for the Greek Revolution.

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Albania's rich archaeological heritage has been systematically explored since Ali's rule in the early 19th century. The excavations were conducted in order to find treasures for Ali's personal collection. Systematic investigations of the archaeological sites and monuments of the region have been

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Ali's separatist initiative, by conceiving his territory in increasingly independent terms referring to it as "Albania", and eventually aiming at creating an independent Albanian-Greek state, reveal the vulnerability of Ottoman power and had direct effect on the development of Greek nationalism.

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However, in Epirus the revolutionary outbreak was complex and difficult due to the concentration of Ottoman troops. Members of the Filiki Eteria, such as Ioannis Paparigopoulos, the Russian consul of Patras, convinced Ali that Russia would support him. The return of the exiled Souliotes to their

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were considering a possible conversion of Ali to Christianity and the outbreak of the revolution under his direction. Ali's policy of exlcuding Turks from all positions of authority and replacing them with Greeks and Albanians had led many Greek advisors and military leaders that consider him of

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to exercise in northern and southern Albania their gathered military and political power. While they are clearly not described as champions of national fight aiming at an independent and united Albania, but regarded as political opportunists within the context of the Ottomam Empire, nevertheless

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Despite the removal of foreign powers from the mainland, Ali faced limitations in exerting direct control over important ports. His attempts to dominate Parga were met with resistance, as the Pargians, aided by the Suliotes, preferred direct dealings with the Porte. This stalemate continued even

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from 1796. The French established garrisons and a naval presence in the region, and were welcomed as liberators in places like Preveza. Napoleon's growing influence and victories inspired many in Europe, including the subjugated populations who saw the French advances as a liberation march. This

1265:

As Pasha, Ali slowly laid the foundations for the creation of an almost independent state, which included a large part of Albania and mainland Greece. During his rule, the town of Ioannina developed into a major educational, cultural, political and economic hub. In order to achieve his goals, he

3058:

and Georgios Sakellarios. Ioannis Kolettis served as Ali's son Muchtar personal physician and composed several scientific works. As such an academic elite emerged which also included members of Ali's court. Many of these personalities took later prominent roles in the Greek War of Independence.

2674:

formed an anti-Ottoman coalition, to which the Souliotes contributed 3,000 soldiers. Ali Pasha gained the support of the Souliotes mainly because he offered to allow the return of the Souliotes to their land, and partly by appeal to their perceived Albanian origin. Initially, the coalition was

1540:, was Albanian. He also considered the Albanian population who lived in the area not as immigrants but as indigenous people of the region. He tried to justify his plans on the territories under foreign protectorate on the Ionian coast also by insisting that they were part of "Albania" as well. 1007:

Kurt's troops, under the command of his son-in-law Ibrahim Bey, were unable to defeat Ali, and this resulted in a stalemate. Ali eventually retreated to Tepelena, and Kurt attempted to impress the Sublime Porte by sending severed heads as evidence of Ali's demise, but the unrest continued

725:. Ali's youngest son, Selim, would be born to a slave much later in 1802. Both of his sons with Emine would be married to the daughters of Ibrahim Pasha of Berat. When Ali gained power, Ali's sister, Shainitza, was married off to Sulejman of Gjirokastër; Sulejman's family came from 2426:. They travelled to Albania to see the country that was, until then, mostly unknown in Britain. Byron presented Albanians as a free people who lived in their state under their leader, Ali Pasha, described by Byron as a "man of first abilities who governs the whole of Albania". 702:

arranged a marriage between Ali and Emine, the daughter of the Kaplan Pasha of Gjirokastër. Eventually, the villages surrounding Tepelena formed a confederacy against Hamko and forced the woman and her family out of the town; she was later ambushed and defeated by the men of

2654:

were fighting Ali Pasha's small but formidable army. Ali initially mobilised a force of 40,000 but it proved disloyal and dispanded as soon as the advancing Ottomans crossed the border of his realm. Most of his followers abandoned him without fighting and fled, including

2029:

of Arta. This was the first time that a Souliot clan became part of the Ottoman political system. The departure of the Botsaris clan weakened Souli as they were a significant part of its force, and George also took valuable munitions from the Souliotes when he departed.

3313:, since the author considered it a more prestigious language in which to praise his master. Alipashiad bears the unusual feature of being written from the Muslim point of view of that time. It stretches to 15,000 15-syllable lines was written by his personal balladeer. 3164:

Abaxhi and other Muslim Albanian military personalities that had been previously loyal to Ali Pasha approached the Ottoman commander, Khursid Pasha, asking for and receiving his pardon, promising to support him to kill Ali Pasha and drive out the Greek revolutionaries.

2352:

allied with an Albanian chief by the name of Ali Farmaki who had quarrelled with Ali's son Veli. Kolokotronis wished to form a confederacy of Souliotes and other Albanian tribes under Hasan Çapari to overthrow Ali Pasha and his sons, and sought the aid of the French.

6310:, p. 157: Although his subject population – the vast majority of whom were Greek – have been noted for their nationalist impulses and cultural links to Enlightenment Europe, there is little evidence that Ali conceived of his desire for independence in such terms. 3114:

west central Greece, west Macedonia and part of Thessaly. The Filiki Eteria exploited the specific conflict in order to gain the return of the Souliotes to Epirus and as a result to have Ottoman units removed from southern Greece and especially from the Peloponnese.

1316:

and their subsequent anti-armatoloi activity was not only brigandage, but also a form of resistance against Ottoman rule. Ali also targeted wealthy Muslim landowners under the guise of bringing justice for the peasant population whilst increasing his own wealth.

11395: 2444:"There is law — for everyone admits his impartiality as compared with that of rulers in other parts of Turkey — and there is commerce. He has made roads, fortified the borders, put down brigandage, and raised Albania into a power of some importance in Europe." 3369:, subsequently locates Haydée, buys her freedom, and helps her avenge her parents by testifying at Mondego's court martial in Paris. Mondego, who is found guilty of "felony, treason, and dishonor", is abandoned by his wife and son and later commits suicide. 1008:

nonetheless. Through his actions, Ali was able to greatly undermine Kurt's authority and garner enough attention from the Venetians to establish diplomatic relations with them. In 1783, Ali sent a declaration of friendship to the Venetian administration at

2053:

Ali's victory over the Souliotes affected the relationships of the local communities as Muslims and Christians in the region were generally on good terms. For example, Fotos Tzavelas was the blood brother of Islam Pronjo, the most powerful Albanian bey in

904:, Ali led his own detachment of 300 soldiers into the near-deserted town as many of the inhabitants had already fled upon his approach. Once a certain amount of protection money was peacefully extracted from the town, Ali and his men left and proceeded to 3080:

of the region in 1805, eventually managing to reduce substantially their numbers. Intense anti-Ottoman guerriglia actions arose in Macedonia during the Russo–Turkish War in 1806–1812, which caused heavy losses of Ali's Albanians against an army of

1764:

in charge in Janina. Despite the eventual failure of the Ottoman campaign once Ali left the Ottoman army and the subsequent pardoning of Pazvantoğlu, Ali Pasha and his Albanians distinguished themselves during the fighting, earning Ali the title

1037:

in 1769–1770, with astronomical sums being owed in back pay. Ali's high prestige amongst the Albanian fighters, as well as his satisfactory diplomatic solutions that normalised Venetian-Turkish relations, highlighted the fact that he was now the

806:

in 1772, and it is possible that Ali was also part of Ahmet Kurt Pasha's force in 1775 during Kurt's campaign against the Souliotes. The first military action in which Ali is confirmed to have participated in was Ahmet Kurt Pasha's conflict with

7346:

Ali Pasha Archives, I. Chotzi collection, Gennadius Library, Ed. – Commentary – Index: V. Panagiotopoulos with the collaboration of D. Dimitropoulou, P. Michailari, 2007, Vol. B’, pp. 672–674 (doc. 851), 676–677, (doc. 855), 806–807 (doc.

3151:

At the beginning of December 1821 the allied forces managed to capture a greater part of the city, however, instead of concentrating on the fall of the garrison they turned into widespread looting and the siege was weakened and finally ceased.

1693:, despite the risk of treason as France and the Ottoman Empire edged towards war. The French, eager to counter the power of the Ottomans, assisted Ali in ending the independence of the Himariotes. Ali impressed the French, particularly General 693:

in 1752, but Veli Bey managed to kill him and thereby succeed his cousin as mutasarrıf in 1762. Veli Bey was assassinated shortly after when Ali was ten, and Ali was brought up by his mother, Chamko (or Hanko/Hamko), who originally hailed from

3221:

The former monastery in which Ali Pasha was killed is today a popular tourist attraction. The holes made by the bullets can still be seen, and the monastery has dedicated to him a museum, which includes a number of his personal possessions.

5834:, p. 116; pp. 112–113: "Ali assured Leake that were "Albania" (which, by Ali's figuring, included sizable portions of Greek Epiros, Thrace, and Macedonia) attacked, he would not hesitate in taking military action against the French." 2709:

against him in March 1821, which surrounded him in Ioannina. During the following summer a short-lived coalition with Greek revolutionary forces had effectively checked the power of Sultan's armies and threatened Khursid Pasha's rear.

1839:

invasion. Ali did not wait for the French to act and strategically positioned his troops near Butrint, setting a trap for the French. He lured the French adjutant general Rose, who was temporarily in charge at Corfu, to a meeting near

2205:, however, opposed Ali's advances yet again, this time with the support of a Russian garrison from Corfu. Ali demanded that the Russians give up the Souliotes who had taken refuge on the Ionian Islands along with the klephts from the 1688:

Ali Pasha navigated the changing political landscape as the French sought to undermine Venetian influence in the region. Professing animosity towards the Venetian aristocracy, Ali secretly communicated with Napoleon, then in northern

1736:. Ali left a small square fortress at Shën Vasili to guard the entrance to Himara and to watch over the remaining population of Nivica. This campaign led to the annexation of Himara, extending Ali's control along the coast to Vlorë. 1759:

write to the patriarch of Constantinople and inform him that they were in fear of banditry should Ali leave them unprotected. This failed, and Ali was forced to take to the field personally with a force of 20,000 Albanians, leaving

1504:

courts or the central government itself, so it was crucial that Ali maintained good standing with his connections in Constantinople since his position as dervendji-pasha was never totally secure. When one of Ali's lobbyists in the

3589:, p. 112–113: "Ali assured Leake that were "Albania" (which, by Ali's figuring, included sizable portions of Greek Epiros, Thrace, and Macedonia) attacked, he would not hesitate in taking military action against the French." 2969:

into his semi-independent state in 1798, he tried to organize the judiciary in every city and province according to the principle of social equality, enforcing his laws for the entire population, Muslims and Christians. To limit

2017:, with Suli being the only region that still held out against him. The Souliotes, however, had their own share of struggles; in 1800, the chieftain of the Souliotes, George Botsaris, received a large sum and the position of the 2777:. Ali ordered and supervised the construction of a monastery dedicated to him near Berat. Ali Pasha maintained control over the Christian population but respected the monasteries and stayed on good terms with the upper clergy. 1241:

supported by an exclusively Albanian military establishment, which included many people who had undertaken brigandage activities earlier in their life. Ali Pasha also used Albanian tribesmen to put down Greek rebellions in the

1599:

in 1788 that barred Turkish vessels from accessing these Venetian holdings, as well as banning Ottoman gun emplacements within a mile of the coast. These conditions obstructed trade in Epirus as well as Ali Pasha's ambitions.

2074:

holders. Additionally, Ali's wife of at least thirty years, Emine, had died around this time. Ali's third son, Selim, was born to one of Ali's slaves at the end of 1802, indicating that his domestic matters were complicated.

2258:

fought against Ali's troops in the mountain passes, and the idea of a klepht revolt overthrowing Ali was considered a favourable turn of events by the senior Ottoman officials who were concerned with Ali's increasing power.

850:

With this new Ottoman administrative position, Ali eliminated the military and civil officials appointed by Kurt in favour of his own men, and established a network between the leaders of Albanian bands and the captains of

2433:"His Highness is a remorseless tyrant, guilty of the most horrible cruelties, very brave, so good a general that they call him the Mahometan Buonaparte ... but as barbarous as he is successful, roasting rebels, etc, etc.." 1697:, with his admiration for Napoleon, and he even arranged a marriage between his alleged illegitimate daughter and a French adjutant general. In a clandestine meeting, Ali sought military assistance and naval access around 2564:

One of Ali's most notorious crimes, without a legal indictment, was the mass murder of 17 or 18 chosen young Greek girls of Ioannina. They were, without a trial, sentenced as adulteresses, tied up in sacks and drowned in

2062:, he expelled the family from Paramythia and destroyed the settlement. Likewise, Ali confiscated the properties of the Çapari family in 1807, who then sought refuge in the Ionian Islands before joining the Albanian ruler 4551: 1892:, and the town's population was estimated to have drastically fallen from 16,000 to 3,000 inhabitants. Nonetheless, Ali transformed Preveza into a naval base and one of his favoured residences, earning it the moniker " 819:, but Ali fell out with Kurt over the division of the spoils of war and resumed his life of banditry. In 1778, Ahmet Kurt Pasha was disgraced and dismissed as a result of the schemes employed by Mehmed 'Kalo' Pasha of 3438:

to come out fighting on his own account, when the British navy is in the area seeking an ally to push the French off Corfu. The Turkish expert for the British Navy visits him to learn this tangled story, which puts

1956:, a tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, with specific conditions to respect the islands' autonomy and religious freedom. The Russians would eventually place the republic under their de facto military occupation. 2874:. British travellers who had met Ali Pasha noted that Ali described himself and the Albanians as friends of the British nation. Furthermore Albanians were seen as living independently and without oppression by the 6017:, p. 64: "The population of Ali's territories was predominantly Greek speaking, and the use of its common tongue by the ruling class had the effect of linking them, albeit inchoately, with that ruling class." 3000:

in subsequent times as a national hero who rose against Ottoman rule. Although Ali Pasha's intent was not to build a nation state, the legacy left behind by him was utilized by the Albanian elite to construct

2058:, and the Pronjo family was secretly passing information onto the Souliotes despite serving under Ali's banner. Ali was aware of this, and after fabricating an alliance between the Pronjo family and his rival 3361:, Ali Pasha's downfall is revealed to have been brought about by French Army officer Fernand Mondego. Unaware of Mondego's collusion with the Sultan's forces, Pasha is described as having entrusted his wife, 1619:, discussed the possibility of French support in Ali's ambitions. Lassale's mission included securing timber from Epirus for the French Navy, thereby offering arms and ammunition to Ali for subduing Suli and 1843:. Rose, wrongfully believing in Ali's professed allegiance to the French, was taken prisoner, tortured, and sent to Ioannina in chains; the same tactic would be used on the French sub-lieutenant in Butrint. 661:

and possibly official recognition as the deputy governor of Tepelena. Ali's grandfather, Muhtar Bey, was also a bandit chieftain who fought both for and against the Ottoman Turks. Muhtar had died during the

6338:

His plan drew the support of the regional Ottoman potentate, Ali Pasha, who calculated that stoking the flames of Greek nationalism would strengthen his own local power base and furnish independence from

1525:. Ali was able to extract taxes beyond the strictly-defined borders of his realm, as his power extended beyond the areas that were formally recognised as his. By 1803, several villages in the district of 1072: 1016:

of two tails at any moment, Ali asked them to intercede at the Sublime Porte on his behalf to hasten the process. The Venetians followed through, and in return, Ali disrupted Mustafa Koka, the Pasha of

782:

in 1765, and Ibrahim would later become Pasha of both Vlorë and Berat. As a result, Ibrahim and Ali also became rivals, and this rivalry continued until Ibrahim's death. Ali affiliated himself with the

2254:

and swore an 'Oath of Freedom'. They began to raid Ali's holdings in Thessaly, but Nikotsaras - one of the main klephts in this group - was killed during one of these raids. Demitrios Palaeopolos and

11415: 11380: 2750:

the dinner table and demanded money. After saying a prayer for Ali, the archbishop handed over a bag of gold coins. Ali Pasha's headless corpse was buried with full honors in a mausoleum next to the

955:

refused to restore him in place of Ahmet Kurt Pasha, Ali ordered his tribal and feudal allies to attack Kurt's local garrisons, ravaging the mountain districts between Tepelena and the outskirts of

1790:

France continued to sour. Upon his return to Janina, Ali felt compelled to align with the Sultan's efforts to expel the French from Epirus, marking a significant shift in his regional allegiances.

1634:

and neighbouring ports were transferred to France. These strategic locations, long coveted by Ali, were now under French control. Ali, using the alias 'Mustafa', allegedly held the governorship of

1916:, located across the Ambracian Gulf. This time, the town capitulated without resistance, surrendering after the intervention of Archbishop Ignatios, who acted on Ali's behalf. Ali then focused on 1672:

as "General Council in the Morea and Albania", centred in Ali Pasha's capital, Janina. This probably represents the earliest official recognition of the name "Albania" by the British government.

2111:

to extend the dictatorial powers of the previous beylerbey - Hadji Mehmed Pasha - for another two years, with the Sultan eventually appointing Ali Pasha to take Hadji's place on 28 January 1803.

968:

to cut Ali off from his southern route and to trap him next to the sea, distributing funds along the way to local chieftains. Ali also recruited his own allies, including his cousin Islam Bey of

1615:'s influence reached Ali's domain, with the French becoming a powerful force in the area. French consul Esprit-Marie Cousinéry, a supporter of Greek independence, and de Lassale, the consul of 635:, and Ali himself would make similar claims to strangers and Ottoman Turks in order to claim legitimacy to landholdings. Nonetheless, this tradition is unfounded, as Ali's family was of local 2725:

Despite a feeling that he was being deceived Ali agreed to a truce and left the citadel with his wife, entourage and bodyguards and settled in the Monastery of St Panteleimon on the island in

1382:, but the assault failed with considerable losses even though a Russian support fleet never materialised to help the Souliotes. The Souliotes, encouraged by their success, joined forces with 1093:

children sold into slavery, and the leader of Hormovë was roasted alive on a spit above a fire. His actions intimidated the neighbouring villages into submission, earning him governorship of

2713:

By the end of 1821 after about two years of fighting, with most of his men having deserted him Ali retreated with Kyra Vassiliki and 70 guards to the citadel in the north eastern corner of

769:

In his early years, Ali distinguished himself as a bandit in the mountains. Ali's growing reputation as a notorious bandit forced the Ottoman government to take action, and they authorised

2675:

successful and managed to control most of the region, but when the Muslim Albanian troops of Ali Pasha were informed of the beginning of the Greek revolts in the Morea, it was terminated.

3248: 3218:

While in no way a Greek Nationalist himself, Ali's rule greatly weakened Ottoman control of Greece, and his death created a vacuum which was promptly filled by the Greek revolutionaries.

2412:

remained available for Ali' demands. As a response, Ali increased the duties on the goods, including wood, grain and livestock, which from his domain were exported to the Ionian Islands.

2126:

Nonetheless, the klephts near Ali's realm continued their activities, and Ali used the current state of affairs to leverage more power from the Sultan. In 1806, a year after the death of

1324:, a once-prosperous cultural centre in south-eastern Albania that had been continuously raided by Albanian irregulars from 1769 onwards due to their pro-Russian stance and support of the 1888:. Preveza was left in ruins as the properties of the Greeks were seized by Ali and redistributed among his Albanians. The surviving population was displaced to the marshlands around the 9516: 2705:

and dividing trends prevailing in the Ottoman Empire at the time. His effort to become an independent ruler finally caused the reaction of the Sublime Porte, which sent an army led by

9806: 1575:

to become more cosmopolitan, connecting Ali to an international network. As his fame grew, so to did the number of foreigners in his court. Ali wanted to establish a sea-power in the

10668: 2348:

in 1809, Leake gifted Ali artillery and ammunition to be used against the French, and the British Navy began to occupy the islands. This prompted the klephts to begin revolting, and

1724:

to the north, Ali's troops outflanked the town, which is situated at the entrance to the narrow valley which leads into Himara from the landward side. Ali's men attacked Nivica and

5607:

Most of the Southern Albania and Epirus converted to Bektashism, initially under the influence of Ali Pasha Tepelena, "the Lion of Janina", who was himself a follower of the order.

11600: 1873:. The fall of Preveza was further aided by Metropolitan Ignatios of Arta, an agent of Ali, who effectively weakened the resolve of the Greek defenders through counter-propaganda. 1493:

colluded with Ali to the extent that bishops were willing to act as his tax collectors. By pledging their loyalty to Ali, communities could put themselves under his jurisdiction.

2498:), and he was so far an indirect friend of the Sultan's enemies". Throughout his rule he is known to have maintained close relations and corresponded with famous leaders such as 3247:

All three of Ali's sons were killed during his downfall but most of his grandchildren were not persecuted by the Ottoman state as they were too young at that time. His grandson

1292:

At this point, Ali Pasha's priority was to create a centralised governing system by neutralising the numerous disruptive factions vying for power in his Pashalik, including the

884:

by Ali, who although serving in this administrative position for only five months, managed to impose order and a systemic tax regime, as well as amass enormous personal wealth.

1869:

lead a cavalry charge, and the hastily-constructed French defences were soon overwhelmed by Ali's superior forces, which aside from Albanians also included Greeks and Albanian

10887: 5537:...he seemed to have been closer to the Sadiyye, the Halvetiyye or even the Nakshibendiyye (the tekke of Parga was Nakshibendi, as well as a well-kbown tekke of Ioannina).... 2984:

not to trespass their territories, which at that time were larger than the area they inhabit today. Continually since the 18th century, blood feuds and their consequences in

2866:

these Albanian rulers established separate states by challenging the authority of the Sublime Porte, and Ali in particular also established foreign diplomatic relations with

9669: 7343:

Ali Pasha Archives, 2007, I. Chotzi collection, Gennadius Library, Ed. – Cpmmentary – Index: V. Panagiotopoulos with collaboration of D. Dimitropoulou, P. Michailari, Vol. 4

2046:

as their four villages were destroyed. Some, however, trusted in Veli and remained. The conquest of Suli subsequently gave rise to numerous legends and stories, such as the

3251:(son of Veli Pasha) had a long career in the Ottoman administration and held twice the governorship of the areas which were ruled by Ali Pasha. He was made governor of the 1160: 10892: 9074: 7847: 7527: 3365:, and daughter, Haydée, to Mondego, who sells them into slavery. Mondego then personally murders Ali Pasha and returns to France with a fortune. The novel's protagonist, 3332:

Ali Pasha's deeds have inspired numerous Greek poems and plays where he is primarily portrayed as cruel tyrant. Events like the sacking and drowning of women – including

2472:

imagination of Europe and underplay the historical role of Pasha rather than telling us anything concrete about his sexuality. And yet the 19th-century Ottoman scholar

10867: 9603: 5479:

The monasteries of Jorgucat and Vanishte in Dropull and of Spelaio in Lunxheri as monuments and institutions during the Ottoman period in Albania (16th–19th centuries)

2115:

saving the locals from making such expenses. He then proceeded to pacify and punish those who had caused unrest throughout Rumelia before camping outside the walls of

1807:

Ottoman Albanian horsemen display to French Lieutenant Richemont, a cut-off head of a French soldier during the fall of Preveza in 1798, by Felicien De Myrbach (1894).

326: 9277: 5174:

Wace A.J.B. and Thompson M. S. (1914) The nomads of the Balkans: An account of life and customs among the Vlachs of Northern Pindus, Methuen & Co., Ltd., p. 192.

2861:

Ali Pasha was among those Albanian military leaders who were at first awarded for their loyalty to the Ottoman Empire, and who however exploited the weakness of the

1755:

to crush the rebellion, and they sent for Ali's help. Ali, reluctant to appear subservient to the Sultan particularly in the face of the French, had his subjects in

314: 11375: 10971: 9577: 9476: 9069: 9033: 3462: 1943:, an Ionian island close to the mainland. However, international developments, particularly Napoleon's Egyptian campaign, complicated his plans. After joining the 1179:

Ali Pasha secured his position by establishing relationships with influential people and rewarding his supporters and allies. He was soon appointed to the post of

5622:

On the Border: Transborder Mobility, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries along the Albanian-Greek Frontier (Balkan Border Crossings- Contributions to Balkan Ethnography)

964:, which Kurt interpreted as an attempt to return to the Morea. Ali's escape caused concern throughout Greece, and Kurt responded by sending 6,000 soldiers to the 405:

and foreign Western correspondence frequently refer to the territories under Ali's control as "Albania." This, by Ali's definition, included central and southern

10946: 9649: 2151: 1884:

The massacre at Preveza had far-reaching implications, influencing the rise of Greek nationalism and being remembered in songs and literature by figures such as

896:. Ali openly challenged Kurt in an effort to get the Porte to recognise that Ali had a stronger power-base. Ali marched an army of 2,000–3,000 Albanians through 11168: 9272: 9049: 2457: 1132:

in 1787, which was suffering from brigand raids. Ali's success in the pacification of brigandage in Trikala earned him the role of supervisor of the tolls of "

517:. After being declared a rebel in 1820, he was captured and killed in 1822 at the age of 81 or 82, after a successful military campaign against his forces. In 2237:

left on the mainland. As a result, Ali would keep Butrint, Vonitsa and Preveza, but Parga would be transferred over to French forces by the Russian garrison.

1924:, southeast of Vonica. His attempts to exert influence there were initially thwarted by the Ottoman government, which granted the region as a royal domain to 11051: 10055: 9448: 8605: 3050:. Education in Ioannina and its schools became renowned throughout the Greek world. Those schools were operating by prestigious staff among them philologist 1720:. Gentili ferried Ali's troops through the Ionian straits by night in contravention of the treaty between the Venetians and the Porte. Landing in the bay at 1496:

At times, Ali Pasha would pay to bring a community under his jurisdiction. Villages would even threaten to separate, such as in 1802 when the inhabitants of

1978: 1056:

of Ioannina at the end of 1784 or beginning of 1785 on the condition that he led 1,000 troops on campaign, possibly as part of the military response to the

11686: 11681: 9054: 2682:

increased the value of the Greek military element since their services were sought by the Porte as well. He is said to have contracted the services of the

859:, where they could continue their occupation of plundering. Ali's new position also meant that he could orchestrate legitimate and illegitimate protection 10470: 9443: 9418: 9252: 8767: 3090: 5103:

Vaudoncourt, Guillaume de Memoirs on the Ionian Islands ... : including the life and character of Ali Pasha. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, 1816

2882:

caused the emergence of a sense of ethnic belonging among the Albanian people, which consequently led to an enduring hostility of Albanians against the

1739:

Concurrently, during the winter of 1797-1798, Ali dealt with regional conflicts at the request of the Ottomans, particularly against the rebel governor

1202: 10708: 9532: 5721:

The great expandion of Bektashism in southern Albania took place during the time of Ali Pasha Tepelena, who is believed to have been a Bektashi himself

2900: 2494:

Ali Pasha, according to one opinion, "was a cruel and faithless tyrant; still, he was not a Turk, but an Albanian; he was a rebel against the Sultan (

10673: 9567: 9242: 9154: 9139: 7647: 2361: 1473: 1181: 3140:

Souliots the objectives of the nation due to risk of being leaked to the Muslim Albanians since that would make the later to abandon any agreement.

11696: 10899: 9823: 9790: 8567: 7840: 3005:. After Ali Pasha's death the base of Albanian nationalist activities and uprisings against the Ottoman Empire became northern Albania and Kosovo. 2770:

priests, beliefs, and orders, and especially the Orthodox Christian population which formed the majority of the population in the region he ruled.

2664: 2368:, and Ali told the Porte that he had taken Berat in response to the revolts in upper Albania that were the result of Ibrahim's inability to rule. 1210: 1172: 2650:

Ali Pasha refused to resign his official post and put up a fierce resistance to the Sultan's troop movements as some 20,000 Ottoman troops led by

2375:

was forced to acknowledge Ali's actions as the most suitable way to maintain order, and Ali quickly conquered Vlorë, stretching his dominion from

11666: 11074: 9267: 7587: 5426:

His native language was Albanian but the language of his court was Greek, and he fostered the educational and religious activities of the Greeks.

2797: 1222: 620:

clan; they were Christian Albanians who embraced Islam in the Ottoman period. The family was attributed a legendary ancestry as descendants of a

1460:

increasing his control over his expanding territories by appointing his representatives and negotiating appropriate terms and tax arrangements.

11553: 11127: 10793: 10285: 9463: 7327: 7044: 6947: 6924: 6590: 2521:), his rule brought relative stability. It was only after his forceful deposition that the people of Greece objected to the rule of the Sultan 2356:

Napoleon sanctioned the planned rebellion, but the British arrived as funds were being collected and rebels were being recruited. Ali's rival,

2147: 2119:

in the spring of 1804, finally deciding to return home with the loot he had obtained from the bandits. When he returned to Janina, he met with

1485: 3096:

In the context of the Greek War of Independence the idea of cooperation with Ali Pasha was not new among the Greeks. Leading officials of the

2175:

as a show of loyalty to the Sultan whilst using the war as a pretext to subjugate the coastal Epirote towns directly under the control of the

1218: 2005:

after seven years of conflict which were said to have destroyed much of the surrounding settlements. This granted Ali control of Epirus from

1536:

The principal role of geography in the communal groups of his time were comprehended by Ali. He insisted that Ioannina, located in the Greek

1234: 2845: 2908: 2849: 2824:. Through his patronage, Bektashism spread in Thessaly, Epirus, South Albania, and in Kruja. Ali's tomb headstone was capped by the crown ( 2613: 1564: 1189:. He married his sons to the daughters of Ibrahim Pasha in Berat in order to secure their alliance as well as the borders of his Pashalik. 11284: 10857: 7053: 1500:

complained that Ali favoured their neighbours over them. Communities that were unhappy with Ali's rule were able to appeal to the Ottoman

678: 11147: 8787: 7833: 1497: 1230: 4610: 275: 11504: 1332:

population of Moscopole was forced to flee from the region and find refuge in regions outside of Ali's control, both in and out of the

880:

as a guarantee, although these barrels were never returned to the people of Missolonghi. Similar intimidation tactics were used across

787:

sect, although he was not particularly anti-Christian or self-consciously Muslim and showed no favouritism to either group as a ruler.

9537: 8264: 2371:

Aware that the Sultan was not pleased with his actions, Ali did not press on with his offensive and target Vlorë. Eventually, Sultan

2217:, the location of exile for many of the Greek captains and their men, and he was aided by the French due to his good relations with 1529:

were finalising the terms of their tax collection with Ali, and Ali's tax-collecting powers would eventually extend as far north as

1120:, whose attempts at creating an independent state forced a response from the Ottomans. Ali was then sent on another campaign in the 7903: 5464:

KOLIKONTASI Monastery....thirty-four years after his tragic end, on the orders of 'his highness the Vizier Ali Pasha from Tepeleni'

3599: 2127: 1925: 1552: 17: 10713: 9664: 8760: 8313: 4314:... Hunderte oder far Tausende von Vlachen- und Sarakatsanenfamilien fluchteten in entfernte Gebiete, um ihre Freiheit zu retten. 919:

and yet again extracted more tributes from the citizens. Ali arrived with 4,000 men, occupying the regional capital of Vrachori (

7531: 6833:

I Albania kai I Epiros sta teli tou IG' kai stis arches tou IH' aion. Ta Dytikovalkanika Pasalikia tis Othomanikis Autokratorias

6553:"Πολιτικές και οικονομικές δομές στην επικράτεια του Αλή πασά Τεπεντελενλή. Από τον "Ανατολικό Δεσποτισμό" έως τη νεωτερικότητα" 5512: 1436: 1273: 7965: 6382: 3122:

for the preparation of the Greek revolution. Ali Pasha's cause was supported by Souliotes because Ali promised their return to

2980:) with other punishments such as blood payment or expulsion or the death penalty. Ali Pasha also reached an agreement with the 5221: 4060: 11676: 11671: 10020: 9413: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 7433: 7298: 7277: 6985: 6871: 6764: 6720: 6699: 6609: 6503: 6476: 6420: 6331: 5858: 5419: 5231: 5145: 4971: 4564: 4303: 4273: 4197: 4145: 4017: 3795: 3696: 3642: 2766:

Muslim family. The struggle for power and the political turmoils within the empire required for him to support non-Muslim or

2400:

in order to build a viable Albanian state, Ali sent in 1807 Mehmed Sherif Effendi as his emissary to the negotiations at the

951:

Meanwhile, Ali had returned to Tepelena to restore his family's position and solidify his power base. Upon learning that the

5539:

Ali Pasha was considered to be 'responsible for the propagation of Bektashism' in Thessaly, in South Albania and in Kruja...

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in 2019 and in Greece by Kaktos Publishing in 2021 surrounds the story of Ali Pasha and his relationship with the Suliotes.

10738: 10365: 9692: 9659: 9297: 9257: 8271: 5582: 3280: 529:

Ali Pasha was variously referred to as of Tepelena, of Ioannina/Janina/Yannina or the Lion of Yannina. His native name was

222: 4468:"Janina, Albania (subsequently Greece): the audience chamber of Ali Pasha. Colour lithograph after G.D. Beresford, 1855". 11560: 11305: 10698: 10435: 9717: 9176: 9149: 8631: 7896: 7580: 5900:"Janina, Albania (subsequently Greece): the seraglio and tomb of Ali Pasha. Colour lithograph after G.D. Beresford, 1855" 839:– as his deputy to establish order amongst the Albanian brigands while Catalcali remained in his fortress in the distant 7128:(in Greek). Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων. Σχολή Φιλοσοφική. Τμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας. Τομέας Ιστορίας Νεώτερων χρόνων. 5620: 4540:

p. 408: "George de la Poer Beresford published 12 double-tinted lithographs of scenes from southern Albania in 1855.214"

2199:, and he subsequently imposed his own system of governance and tax collection and confiscated properties in the cities. 1312:

from the territories under his control with almost exclusively Albanian armatoles. The discarded Greek armatoles became

1000:

were asked to send their armies to aid Kurt. Ali, contrary to what Kurt expected, changed direction and marched towards

11511: 9707: 9702: 9674: 9164: 8753: 8610: 7891: 7083:

Skiotis, Dennis N. (July 1971). "From Bandit to Pasha: first steps in the rise to power of Ali of Tepelen, 1750–1784".

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Ali fostered religious activities by the local Greek population. One of the spiritual figures which influenced him was

2417: 321: 292: 5772: 5387:

Tepedelenli Ali Pasa, governor of Yanya (Yannina) who was an Alevi-Bektashi and who also had great love for the Saint.

2476:

writes that Ali Pasha was "well known" as a "boy-lover", although he tried to hide it because foreigners disapproved.

1607:

in 1792, which allowed Greeks to sail under the Russian flag, significantly boosted Greek shipping and trade with the

1397: 11716: 9745: 9712: 9348: 9169: 9120: 9101: 7245: 7211: 7159: 7006: 6964: 6804: 6785: 6743: 6678: 6059: 5782: 5744: 5706: 5668: 5630: 5592: 5562: 5522: 5449: 5372: 3834: 2247: 2168: 1121: 8191: 2517:

Though certainly no friend to the Greek Nationalists (he had personally ordered the painful execution of the Klepht

1489:

officials or the allocation of tax collecting duties to his family and supporters. In fact, the higher ranks of the

863:

that gave him enough resources to recruit mercenaries and set aside money for bribes. Around this time, Ali went to

8226: 7908: 7864: 5683:

The most illustrious among them was Ali Pasha (1740–1822), who exploited the organisation and religious doctrine...

4258: 3492: 2631: 2070:. The Çapari family returned to their homes only after Ali's death, resuming their positions as tax collectors and 11651: 9106: 5360: 3713: 1370: 9811: 9785: 9572: 9471: 9388: 8303: 7738: 6451:

Albanian Historical Folksongs, 1716–1943: a survey of oral epic poetry from southern Albania, with original texts

2738:

Ahmet Müfid (Myfit bej Libohova) preserves a popular tradition regarding the names of Ali pasha's murderers: one

2609: 11340: 10852: 7559: 1639:

environment set the stage for Ali Pasha's manoeuvres to strengthen his position, and he formed an alliance with

11636: 10817: 9905: 9134: 8308: 8259: 7955: 7813: 7573: 2945:

forms of social organizations disappeared with the dominion of Ali Pasha, and definitely ended in 1813. In the

1832: 1786: 900:, dispersing them along the journey to intimidate local towns and villages and to extract wealth from them. At 302: 7490:(London: printed for Sir Richard Phillips and Co, 1820), an English denatured and truncated edition available 3348:(1876). Other works describe the scorched earth policy Ali undertook in Ioannina and the burning of the city. 11209: 11151: 9496: 9212: 9197: 7970: 7960: 7507:(Paris, 1824, 4 vol. in-8°), translated in many languages. French original edition available on Google books 4009:

Elevating and Safeguarding Culture Using Tools of the Information Society: Dusty traces of the Muslim culture

3026:

issued by Ali Pasha in 1810, written in vernacular Greek. Ali always used Greek for all his courtly dealings.

2042:

The Souliotes, numbering to 4,000 survivors, agreed to abandon Suli and left to find refuge in Parga and the

1752: 8021: 2479: 1831:, the commander-in-chief of the French forces on Corfu, rejected this proposal. By September 1798, with the 1828: 1360:, a Christian Albanian community whose lands were located in Ali's Pashalik, would pay their taxes to their 685:, was involved in a rivalry with his cousin, Islam Bey, who was also a local ruler. Islam Bey was appointed 10145: 8911: 7748: 7670: 5696: 5439: 5362: 3747: 282: 3228: 2364:, and with the aid of British rockets, Berat finally fell after a year of skirmishing. Ibrahim retired to 11614: 11107: 10768: 10175: 9770: 9557: 9393: 9368: 9318: 9287: 8890: 8678: 8249: 8147: 8036: 4185: 3002: 2461: 1944: 287: 11117: 9353: 2396:

In a diplomatic effort to win French and Russian support to get hold of the Venetian possessions on the

11741: 11701: 11137: 10832: 10280: 9990: 9292: 9282: 9159: 9021: 8930: 8552: 7975: 7657: 5736:

Popular Sufism in Eastern Europe: Sufi Brotherhoods and the Dialogue with Christianity and 'Heterodoxy'

4076: 3513: 3055: 2289: 1847: 1587:, Ahmed ben Ali. However, in order to gain a seaport on the Albanian coast, Ali Pasha had to deal with 936: 297: 11310: 11289: 8127: 4514:

Hernandez, David R. (2019). "The Abandonment of Butrint: From Venetian Enclave to Ottoman Backwater".

3344:

Nikolaos Mavrommatis (1770–1817) was also dedicated to the same theme, as well as the theatrical play

2499: 11731: 11656: 11279: 10605: 9880: 9780: 9684: 9408: 9064: 8848: 8776: 8338: 8333: 8233: 7945: 7886: 7703: 7682: 3503: 3353: 2751: 2530: 2345: 2146:, the ideals of national identity were not fully existent at this time. Prominent band captains like 1657:. The French already had consuls at Arta and Preveza when Ali Pasha unsuccessfully tried to approach 1455:. For example, Ali managed to use his influence to reverse the death penalty imposed on the Pasha of 939:, who was already dispatched to dispose of the Albanian irregulars in the Morea, was instead sent to 750: 653:

They had achieved some stature by the 17th century; Ali's great-grandfather, Mustafa Yussuf from the

402: 270: 11345: 8026: 7476:(Paris, 1805, 3 vol. in-8°), translated in English, German, Greek, Italian, Swedish, etc. available 2123:

and discussed the possibility of Epirus becoming an independent state with the help of the British.

811:

in 1776; Ali and his cousin Islam distinguished themselves during the subsequent engagements around

11706: 11056: 10966: 10951: 10822: 10758: 10703: 10625: 10530: 10260: 10220: 10205: 9624: 9542: 8996: 8950: 8734: 8615: 7913: 7652: 7474:

Voyage en Morée, à Constantinople, en Albanie, et dans plusieurs autres parties de l'Empire Ottoman

6848:(photographic reprint ed.). Amsterdam: Α.Μ.Ηakkert. pp. Vol. 1, pp. 295, Vol. 4, pp. 260. 6837:

Albania and Epirus I the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the Ottoman Eyalets of Western Balkans

2702: 2628:, took this as a major opportunity to move against Ali Pasha by ordering his immediate deposition. 2437: 1986: 1405: 1281: 1104:

was seen as a point of concern for the Sublime Porte due to its support and collaboration with the

758: 514: 11451: 10778: 8201: 8196: 8186: 7378: 7237:

Shteti dhe qeverisja e Ali Pashë Tepelenës [State and Government of Ali Pasha of Tepelena]

5759:...and the tomb of Ali himself. Its headstone was capped by the crown (taj) of the Bektashi order. 5332: 3372: 3358: 3240: 3186: 2440:

visited Albania and met Ali Pasha in 1814. Admiring Ali Pasha's governance, Cockerell explained:

1603:

Significant geopolitical shifts occurred in the Europe prior to Ali Pasha challenging Venice. The

1124:, in which he also secretly established contacts with the Russians. In reward for his services at 58: 11726: 11711: 11691: 11546: 11036: 10933: 10877: 10723: 10635: 10270: 10150: 9832: 9750: 9552: 8535: 8530: 8216: 8086: 8061: 8056: 7938: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7779: 6449: 3447: 2307:. Katsatonis was tortured and executed in public by having his bones broken with a sledgehammer. 1206: 265: 175: 11518: 11466: 7358: 7063:. University of York, Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies: 97–109. Archived from 5508: 3203: 2957:

for Christians, Ali Pasha enforced his own laws, allowing only in rare cases the usage of local

2938: 1644: 11721: 11132: 10425: 10315: 10295: 10290: 10275: 10265: 10160: 10140: 10125: 10090: 10040: 9965: 9920: 9910: 9895: 9775: 9765: 9760: 9547: 9237: 8343: 8117: 8046: 8031: 7789: 7733: 7477: 7121: 7064: 6468:

Greece and the Balkans: identities, perceptions and cultural encounters since the Enlightenment

5223:

Nationalism, globalization, and orthodoxy: the social origins of ethnic conflict in the Balkans

4595: 3421: 3337: 3136: 2511: 2420:

visited Ali's court in Tepelena and Ioannina in 1809. Byron recorded the encounter in his work

2357: 2349: 2271:. Demitrios Palaeopolos and Thymios Vlachavas were imprisoned for two years before escaping to 2210: 2059: 1823:

as well as former Venetian territories on the mainland, and the right to station a garrison on

1785:, but it became increasingly clear that this was not going to occur. Indeed, British traveller 1627: 908:, where he and Catalcali Haci (who was still Ali's superior) plotted against Ahmet Kurt Pasha. 657:

region, was a notable brigand, warrior and clan chieftain who eventually obtained the title of

6321: 5848: 5409: 5135: 4007: 3686: 3632: 3072:

Ali Pasha did not sympathize with Greek rebels. He campaigned in Macedonia to exterminate the

2091:

as a reward for his conquest of Suli. However, whilst Ali was dealing with the Souliotes, the

11585: 11525: 11420: 11325: 11274: 11269: 11224: 11188: 10615: 10600: 10560: 10535: 10455: 10415: 10325: 10180: 10165: 10130: 9915: 8955: 8828: 8690: 8636: 8208: 7774: 6410: 5364:

Le Multiculturalisme Et L'histoire Des Relations Internationales Du XVIIIe Siècle À Nos Jours

3785: 3497: 3321: 3288: 3119: 2813: 2063: 1708:

Army opposing Napoleon and the French, Gentili collaborated with Ali in a surprise attack on

1501: 1490: 663: 11122: 8132: 6519: 6376: 11646: 11641: 11405: 11193: 11112: 11046: 11041: 10914: 10882: 10798: 10788: 10753: 10683: 10620: 10580: 10490: 10395: 10305: 10240: 10230: 10215: 10185: 10105: 10095: 10075: 10065: 10060: 9975: 9960: 9940: 9925: 9900: 9875: 9654: 9636: 9617: 9506: 9378: 9328: 9144: 8712: 8697: 8641: 8320: 8298: 8142: 7728: 7615: 7500:(Paris, 1820–1822, 5 vol. in-8° ; 20 édit., 1826–1827, 6 vol. in-8°), his capital work 6557:

Pergamos – Library and Information Center of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

5361:

Pierre Savard, Brunello Vigezzi (Commission of History of International Relations) (1999),

3480: 3207: 3047: 2997: 2317: 2222: 1953: 1640: 1253: 867:

to collect a debt owed by Michaeles Avronites, a local sea captain who was originally from

808: 682: 667: 210: 8107: 8066: 4081:. Vol. 41. Instituti i Historisë, Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës. 1987. p. 140 2096: 1740: 482: 8: 11736: 11400: 11219: 11214: 11183: 11092: 11026: 10996: 10991: 10981: 10783: 10763: 10555: 10500: 10480: 10350: 10200: 10170: 10115: 10110: 10100: 10080: 10050: 9985: 9945: 9890: 9845: 9755: 9735: 9486: 9383: 9262: 9115: 9011: 8916: 8707: 8658: 8415: 8162: 8122: 8112: 7675: 6577:

the history of Ali Pasha Tepelenli based on the unpublished texts by Panagiotis Arantinos

6323:

Revolutionary Europe: Politics, Community and Culture in Transnational Context, 1775-1922

4600: 3454:

in Istanbul, link it with Ali Pasha – though their historical authenticity is doubtful.

3051: 2879: 2656: 2300: 2229: 2139: 1990: 1936:, despite his efforts to maintain favourable relations with Mihrişah and her associates. 1664:

Likewise, the British government, which opened in 1769 for the first time a consulate in

1409: 1366: 1285: 762: 309: 11446: 8745: 8455: 6897:

Greeks in Russian Military Service in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

3606: 1076:"Ali Pasha of Janina hunting in the lake of Butrint in March 1819" by Louis Dupré (1825) 1033:

was still heavily in debt to the Albanian fighters who put down the Greek revolt in the

454: 11595: 11491: 11430: 11425: 11320: 11244: 11031: 11006: 11001: 10938: 10872: 10847: 10803: 10688: 10645: 10540: 10460: 10440: 10430: 10360: 10310: 10250: 10225: 10195: 10135: 10015: 10000: 9740: 9587: 9562: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9363: 9333: 9313: 8980: 8838: 8702: 8685: 8653: 8465: 8460: 8420: 8405: 8355: 8081: 7991: 7933: 7784: 7764: 7708: 7641: 7321: 7108: 7100: 7038: 6941: 6918: 6853:

Mangalakova, Tanya (2004). "The Kanun in Present-Day Albania, Kosovo, and Montenegro".

6584: 5160: 5125: 4531: 4473: 3508: 3434: 3417: 3293: 2981: 2946: 2919: 2829: 2570: 2473: 2449: 2218: 2156: 2120: 2039:

the monk and his five collaborators set fire to the magazines and blew up the arsenal.

1704:

Influenced by Ali's charm and strategic considerations as well as Himara's ties to the

1669: 1661:

as a precautionary guarantee to protect him from his opponents in the Ottoman capital.

1588: 1341: 940: 927:. In response, Kurt moved his troops southwards in Epirus and placed pressure upon the 872: 681:, although some claim that he was born in the adjacent town of Tepelena. Ali's father, 550: 518: 510: 450: 422: 377: 134: 74: 48: 8137: 8001: 7718: 7521:

Memoirs on the Ionian Islands ... : including the life and character of Ali Pacha

7409:

Those Infidel Greeks: The Greek War of Independence through Ottoman Archival Documents

7407: 3432:

Ali Pasha provokes the bey Mustapha (a fictional character) in Patrick O'Brian's 1981

1732:. Their land was then divided up and partitioned for cultivation by Ali's subjects in 835:; the local Albanians did not like him, and so he appointed Ali Pasha – at this point 11532: 11486: 11471: 11410: 11350: 11173: 11011: 10986: 10961: 10862: 10809: 10718: 10590: 10550: 10520: 10450: 10385: 10375: 10335: 10320: 10255: 10210: 10070: 10030: 9930: 9696: 9481: 9398: 9358: 9338: 9323: 9247: 9207: 9192: 9125: 9059: 9028: 8975: 8970: 8858: 8475: 8450: 8440: 8430: 8410: 8293: 8167: 8152: 7825: 7429: 7294: 7273: 7241: 7207: 7155: 7112: 7002: 6981: 6960: 6867: 6800: 6781: 6760: 6739: 6716: 6695: 6674: 6670:

Britain, the Albanian National Question and the Fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914

6644: 6628: 6605: 6499: 6472: 6416: 6327: 6055: 5854: 5788: 5778: 5750: 5740: 5712: 5702: 5674: 5664: 5636: 5626: 5598: 5588: 5558: 5528: 5518: 5477: 5455: 5445: 5415: 5378: 5368: 5227: 5141: 4967: 4560: 4535: 4299: 4295:

Hirten, Kämpfer, Stammeshelden: Ursprünge und Gegenwart des balkanischen Patriarchats

4269: 4193: 4141: 4013: 3830: 3791: 3692: 3638: 3256: 3031: 2954: 2867: 2774: 2401: 2388: 2255: 1921: 1878: 1705: 1612: 1576: 1129: 1043: 860: 530: 462: 458: 442: 434: 354: 110: 8016: 6640: 6552: 2540:

consisting of more than 10,000 lines is dedicated to the exploits of Ali Pasha. The

1712:

in 1798, a town which at this point was the most prosperous on the coastal littoral

892:

In 1779, Ahmet Kurt Pasha had returned to power through intrigue and bribery of the

11590: 11254: 11239: 11234: 11097: 10956: 10733: 10640: 10570: 10565: 10545: 10515: 10495: 10485: 10420: 10400: 10380: 10355: 10345: 10245: 10190: 10120: 10085: 10035: 10005: 9995: 9970: 9870: 9644: 9438: 9403: 9016: 9006: 8853: 8843: 8500: 8485: 8435: 8221: 8091: 8041: 8011: 8006: 7996: 7794: 7698: 7421: 7413: 7188: 7178: 7129: 7092: 6636: 4523: 3190: 2821: 2507: 2488: 2233: 2047: 1961: 1862: 1680: 1484:(officers) with his men to continue protecting them from bandits. The villagers of 1418: 1133: 824: 770: 590: 502: 438: 430: 237: 7061:

Hellenism and the First Greek War of Liberation (1821–1830): Continuity and Change

6624: 6620: 5899: 5268: 3366: 1088:

as part of a greater effort to impose his rule over the villages and towns around

923:) and re-joining his Albanian troops that had returned from their ravaging of the 11661: 11580: 11539: 11385: 11335: 11229: 11070: 11016: 10909: 10827: 10743: 10650: 10585: 10525: 10475: 10445: 10370: 10300: 10155: 9955: 9935: 9885: 9860: 9855: 9840: 9610: 9491: 9453: 9343: 9129: 9093: 8646: 8557: 8547: 8505: 8470: 8445: 8393: 8370: 8325: 8076: 8071: 8051: 7743: 7713: 7508: 7290:

Partners of the Empire: The Crisis of the Ottoman Order in the Age of Revolutions

7288: 7267: 7256: 7235: 7201: 7149: 6996: 6975: 6895: 6775: 6754: 6733: 6710: 6689: 6668: 6599: 6493: 6466: 6049: 5075: 4960: 4495: 4293: 3824: 3326: 3276: 3023: 2958: 2942: 2832:, a Bektashi saint, is regarded as one of three spiritual advisers of Ali Pasha. 2714: 2503: 2299:

In 1809, one of Ali's captains - Ago Myhyrdari - had finally captured the klepht

2267:

Deligiannis, the klepht band was captured in the Pindus Mountains on the road to

1694: 1604: 1537: 1336:. Many Aromanians scattered throughout the Balkans, founding settlements such as 1226: 730: 642: 498: 490: 446: 414: 410: 384:. Under his rule, it acquired a high degree of autonomy and even managed to stay 54: 10837: 5437: 2659:

and his sons Veli and Muhtar, or else joined the Ottoman army. Among these were

1571:

The stability brought about by Ali Pasha's reign allowed the regional centre of

11481: 11476: 11456: 11330: 11315: 11178: 11163: 11155: 11066: 11021: 10976: 10904: 10842: 10773: 10630: 10505: 10465: 10390: 10235: 10045: 10025: 9980: 9865: 9850: 9582: 9511: 9501: 9373: 8965: 8833: 8805: 8796: 8668: 8540: 8495: 8490: 8398: 8157: 7625: 7491: 7442: 7229:]. Minutes of the 1st Conference of Metsovite Studies. Athens. p. 404. 5645:

Bektashism was widespread during the reign of Ali Pasha, a Bektashi himself,...

4527: 3451: 3390: 3362: 3310: 3252: 3040: 3035: 2915: 2871: 2763: 2691: 2617: 2545: 2484: 2405: 2272: 2172: 2043: 1966: 1949: 1889: 1855: 1781:

French had even offered Ali Pasha the crown of Albania once they had taken the

1648: 1631: 1522: 1452: 1333: 1105: 965: 877: 558: 370: 152: 138: 114: 7425: 7192: 7096: 6051:

Macedonia: A Voyage through History: From the Fifteenth Century to the Present

3863: 2228:

Ali's efforts were thwarted by Napoleon's victory against the Russians at the

1932:'s mother. This move forced Ali to retreat from direct confrontation with the 1089: 1084:; instead of going on campaign for the Ottomans, Ali focused his attention on 714: 654: 11630: 11605: 11497: 11390: 11087: 10660: 10610: 10595: 10575: 10340: 10010: 9001: 8960: 7177:(in Greek). Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Σχολή Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών. 6659:

Britain, the Albanian Question and the Demise of the Ottoman Empire 1876–1914

6648: 5640: 4605: 3471: 3457: 3413: 3097: 2889: 2883: 2875: 2862: 2726: 2706: 2679: 2625: 2605: 2566: 2422: 2333: 2284: 2176: 2067: 1933: 1774: 1596: 1168: 1081: 1030: 952: 932: 893: 621: 6797:

Brigands with a Cause, Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece 1821–1912

5792: 5774:

Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World

5754: 5678: 5602: 5569:

Around that time, Ali was converted to Bektashism by Baba Shemin of Kruja...

5532: 5459: 5382: 4614:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 659–661. 4266:

The Shades of Globalisation. Identity and Dialogue in an Intercultural World

3688:

Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World

2642: 2596:) to issues conspicuously related to Ali Pasha. Efendi accused Ali Pasha of 2142:

operated. Although Russian propaganda had begun influencing the klephts and

1983:

View of Suli and its surrounding scenery from a window of the Great Fortress

1451:

Despite his setback in Souli, Ali Pasha retained an influential standing in

794:, were part of a force of 9,000 Muslim Albanians under Sulejman Çapari, the 686: 11355: 10748: 10728: 10678: 10410: 8945: 8906: 8281: 7723: 7610: 7454: 7396: 7031:

the internal affairs policy of Ali Pasha. From Tilsit to Vienna (1807–1815)

5716: 3781: 3476: 3409: 3333: 2651: 2582: 2526: 2263: 2006: 1866: 1811:

In June 1798, as the French advanced their ambitions in Ottoman-controlled

1761: 1665: 1635: 1444: 1425: 1325: 1305: 1194: 1012:

at the risk of an accusation of treason. Expecting to receive the title of

985: 969: 795: 791: 739: 718: 474: 470: 189: 7417: 7373:

The Life of Ali Pasha, Late Vizier of Jannina; Surnamed Aslan, Or the Lion

7183: 7170: 7133: 7027:

I eksoteriki politiki tou Ali pasa ton Ioanninon. Apo to Tilsit sti Vienni

7016:

Skafidas, V. (1962). "Istoria tou Metsovou" [History of Metsovo].

4571:Εικ. 11. Η αίθουσα των ακροάσεων του Αλή-Πασά στα Γιάννενα (περί το 1800). 4497:

Twelve Sketches in Double-tinted Lithography of Scenes in Southern Albania

2328:

was assassinated in 1808, a period of chaos ensured in which Ali occupied

1751:. The Ottomans had already dispatched a force of 50,000-100,000 men under 11461: 11102: 10405: 10330: 9950: 8818: 7258:

Il diritto delle comunità nella tradizione giuridica albanese; generalità

6601:

Bittersweet Europe: Albanian and Georgian Discourses on Europe, 1878–2008

3466:

includes Ali Pasha and a possible revolt against him by a cousin, Ismal.

3440: 3398: 3018: 2817: 2660: 2518: 2469: 2192: 1840: 1481: 1345: 1214: 916: 868: 864: 7565: 7383: 6657: 4477: 2816:

and he is accepted today to have been a Bektashi follower, initiated by

2010: 1668:, established a permanent consular representation by 1803 and appointed 827:. The guardianship of the mountain passes was bestowed upon a Turk from 726: 647: 401:

Conceiving his territory in increasingly independent terms, Ali Pasha's

10693: 9202: 9111: 8878: 8873: 8350: 7769: 7620: 6977:

Ali Pasha, Lion of Ioannina: The Remarkable Life of the Balkan Napoleon

3305: 3260: 3236: 2976: 2971: 2922:, including that of Ali Pasha. It has been suggested that the Albanian 2789: 2767: 2694:

as well as the armatoles under his command. However he feared that the

2541: 2537: 2453: 2413: 2397: 2337: 2180: 2055: 2035: 2026: 2022: 1893: 1885: 1592: 1506: 1375: 1329: 1198: 1149: 1052: 722: 466: 194: 7460:

Mémoires sur la Grèce et l'Albanie pendant le gouvernement d'Ali Pacha

7104: 3225:

A legend of Ali Pasha's supposed hidden treasure remained unresolved.

2985: 2934:, and that they were probably composed by Muço, Ali's court musician. 2553: 2002: 1904: 1846:

In October 1798, after securing Butrint and Igoumenitsa, Ali's troops

1803: 1337: 1117: 1113: 1085: 1047: 1018: 981: 703: 690: 632: 11082: 10928: 10510: 8885: 8813: 8673: 8663: 8365: 8286: 8276: 8254: 7664: 6855:

International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations

6712:

The Muslim Bonaparte: Diplomacy and Orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece

6691:

The Muslim Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece

3826:

Rebels, believers, survivors: studies in the history of the Albanians

3401:"), translated into English by R. Nisbet Bain, 1897, under the title 3317: 2671: 2667:, who went unopposed to Ioannina, which was besieged in August 1820. 2636: 2621: 2586: 2549: 2522: 2495: 2372: 2325: 2143: 2131: 2108: 2084: 2018: 1929: 1870: 1756: 1658: 1654: 1391: 1357: 1321: 1309: 1297: 973: 912: 803: 799: 636: 614: 478: 465:

in 1787, and he delegated its government in 1788 to his second-born

366: 6839:]. Translated by Dialla, A. Athens: Gutenberg. pp. 144–173. 4943: 4941: 4718: 4716: 4691: 4689: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4223: 4221: 3963: 3961: 3271: 3129: 3105:

turned out to be true in subsequent events in the Macedonian front.

2812:

were Naqshbandi. The order that was mostly supported by him was the

2376: 1725: 1721: 1709: 1647:

as his general consul in Ioannina, with the complete consent of the

1101: 855:. Albanian fighters that refused to serve Ali were relocated to the 812: 713:

Ali would have two sons with Emine, the daughter of Kaplan Pasha of

10924: 3829:(1st ed.). Oxford (GB): Oxford University Press. p. 218. 3663: 3661: 3046:

Ioannina, was among the Greek cities that had already embraced the

2931: 2927: 2687: 2304: 2276: 2268: 2251: 1858: 1748: 1729: 1572: 1518: 1469: 1057: 993: 977: 944: 920: 901: 897: 852: 828: 784: 734: 671: 586: 486: 418: 395: 391: 386: 130: 106: 7171:"The Fortification Network of the Pashalik of Ioannina: 1788–1822" 3843: 2825: 2365: 2275:, with Palaeopolos seeking asylum from the French and leaving for 2014: 1717: 1480:

and other villages, requesting the prolonged stay of one of Ali's

779: 11610: 8868: 7481: 5944:

Elezi, Ismet (2006). "Zhvillimi historik i Kanunit të Labërisë".

5587:, European historical dictionaries, Scarecrow Press, p. 40, 5219: 5079: 5028: 5004: 4992: 4938: 4926: 4914: 4902: 4890: 4878: 4854: 4791: 4779: 4767: 4755: 4743: 4713: 4686: 4674: 4662: 4618: 4576: 4391: 4379: 4355: 4319: 4218: 4206: 4138:

Modern Türkiye Tarihi İslam, Milliyetçilik ve Modernlik 1789–2007

4038: 4026: 3985: 3973: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3898: 3886: 3874: 3804: 3263:

of Prizren (1868–1869) and for a brief period governor of Crete.

3194: 2793: 2785: 2695: 2683: 2601: 2573:

tradition (songs) tells about the cruelty of Ali Pasha's troops.

2293: 2214: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2116: 2104: 2092: 2088: 2071: 1913: 1851: 1733: 1713: 1616: 1584: 1526: 1383: 1313: 1293: 1258: 989: 961: 905: 840: 707: 695: 624: 598: 426: 406: 381: 6289: 4982: 4980: 4832: 4830: 4599: 4439: 4437: 4055: 4053: 3658: 3296:, Ali Pasha became the personification of an "oriental despot". 1835:

between the French and the Ottomans, Ali's stance became clear.

1521:

in 1799 to clear the region of bandits, soon followed by all of

790:

Venetian records indicate that Ali and his cousin, Islam Bey of

521:, Ali Pasha became the personification of an "oriental despot." 8823: 8360: 7554: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6162: 6160: 6158: 5507:

Natalie Clayer (2002), "III", in Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers;

3300: 2966: 2950: 2805: 2781: 2341: 2329: 2280: 2135: 2100: 1940: 1820: 1816: 1651: 1620: 1608: 1530: 1465: 1456: 1387: 1186: 1137: 1109: 1094: 1061: 1001: 997: 956: 928: 881: 844: 820: 816: 494: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6104: 6080: 5922: 5879: 5313: 5301: 4166: 2788:

at the time. Ali was close to the dominant Sufi orders as the

2213:, and when these demands were refused. Ali prepared to attack 1912:

After the conquest of Preveza, Ali Pasha shifted his focus to

935:

was forced to intervene in the situation, and Ottoman general

7528:"Visualizing Ali Pasha Order: Relations, Networks and Scales" 7227:

The surviving firmans about the privileges granted to Metsovo

6429: 5438:

Geōrgios K. Giakoumēs; Grēgorēs Vlassas; D. A. Hardy (1996),

5016: 4977: 4866: 4842: 4827: 4803: 4701: 4434: 4403: 4367: 4050: 3755: 3123: 2962: 2809: 2801: 2465: 2409: 2206: 2202: 1917: 1824: 1812: 1782: 1744: 1698: 1690: 1514: 1477: 1379: 1361: 1267: 1242: 1125: 1034: 1013: 1009: 924: 856: 774: 628: 485:

in 1792, stretching for the first time Ali's control down to

373: 70: 6356: 6216: 6204: 6155: 6143: 6131: 5777:, University of South Carolina Press, pp. 73, 76, 162, 5482:(Doctor of Philosophy). University of Birmingham. p. 49 4489: 4487: 4240: 4238: 4236: 3336:– by Ali's orders in Ioannina became the main theme of poet 1908:

A posthumous illustration of Ali Pasha of Janina, circa 1824

1004:, subduing and fortifying important villages along the way. 992:. These manoeuvres alerted the Venetians, and the pashas of 6344: 6267: 6265: 6239: 6179: 6177: 6175: 3067: 1464:

klephts, usually from neighbouring villages. The people of

1351: 10868:

Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa

6864:

The Greek Revolution: 1821 and the Making of Modern Europe

6777:

Traditional Songs and Music of the Korçë Region of Albania

6121: 6119: 6054:. Vol. 2. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 97. 5201: 5052: 4093: 3446:

Many of the conflicting versions about the origin of the "

2452:

emerged from western visitors to Pasha's court (including

2316:

Islands from the Russians. Ali had numerous meetings with

1595:

straits. The Venetians had obtained an agreement from the

1340:, but many also migrated to foreign countries, forming an 984:

forces occupied while Ali continued further south towards

8775: 6974:

Russell, Quentin; Russell, Eugenia (September 30, 2017).

6194: 6192: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5964: 5952: 5114:

Islamic Homosexualities: culture, history, and literature

4484: 4233: 3580: 3126:, and partly by appeal to their shared Albanian origins. 2988:

have been limited principally by the councils of elders.

2701:

His separatist actions constitute a great example of the

2429:

In a letter to his mother, Byron deplored Ali's cruelty:

1580: 1301: 1042:

force in the region, bypassing both Ahmet Kurt Pasha and

658: 6262: 6172: 4733: 4731: 4640: 4638: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4105: 2698:

might rout him before the arrival of the Ottoman Turks.

1815:, Ali Pasha was engaged in the siege of Vidin along the 1743:

who had begun carving out his own polity centred around

1390:

and ravaged both Greek and Albanian villages throughout

1344:. The same campaign of persecution was launched towards 6301: 6116: 5331:(Ahmet Müfid, Tepedelenli Ali Paşa, Cairo, 1906, p. 62 5177: 3108: 3039:

new educational opportunities, with businessmen of the

2635:

Ali Pasha's head being presented to the Ottoman Sultan

7855: 7391:

Die Sulioten und ihre Kriege mit Ali Pascha von Janina

7203:

Albania's mountain queen: Edith Durham and the Balkans

6826:. Ioannina: 2. Society for Epirote Studies. (EHM): 25. 6189: 6029: 5988: 5337: 4343: 4268:(in Romanian). Arhipelag XXI Publishing House: 39–44. 4154: 2246:

operated in Macedonia and the Pindus Mountains at the

7151:

Architectural Conservation in Europe and the Americas

6534:"Review: SONS OF CHAOS is an Epic Tale of Revolution" 5798: 5189: 4728: 4635: 4553:

Archontika tēs Kozanēs: architektonikē kai Xyloglypta

4449: 4415: 4117: 3728: 3568: 2468:

of both women and men. Such accounts may reflect the

2134:. This meant that Ali's realm encircled the southern 2083:

It is suggested that Ali Pasha received the title of

2025:, and so the Botsaris clan left Souli and settled in 2001:

Simultaneously, in 1802, Ali finally managed to take

6998:

Epirus: 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization

5976: 5910: 5867: 5827: 5825: 5810: 5656: 5134:

Singh, Jyotsna G.; Kim, David D. (October 4, 2016).

4493: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3043:, subsidizing a number of new educational purposes. 2404:. The treaty however stipulated the transfer of the 1547: 1441:

Ali, Vizier of Albania, also called Pacha of Jannina

1417:

letter to the Souliote captains George Botsaris and

7488:

Travels in Epirus, Albania, Macedonia, and Thessaly

7122:"Relations between Greeks and Albanians(1875–1897)" 6368: 5663:, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 82, 5085: 4650: 3556: 3155: 2886:, also by seeking autonomy from its central power. 2608:. In 1820, Ali Pasha, after long tensions with the 2344:front. When Britain and the Ottomans agreed to the 1952:. In 1800, the Ionian Islands were formed into the 1320:In 1788, Ali's troops completed the destruction of 1185:, and he began to further consolidate his power in 578: 565: 5701:, East European monographs, Boulder, p. 161, 5618: 5356: 5354: 5352: 2852:commemorating the 250th anniversary of Ali's birth 931:and the armatoles to restrict Ali's approach. The 5822: 4190:Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition 3525: 1626:By 1797, Venice fell to Napoleon, leading to the 1257:Fortifications built during Ali Pasha's reign in 11628: 6374: 5739:, Routledge Sufi series, Routledge, p. 79, 3691:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 231–. 3389:Ali Pasha is also a major character in the 1854 2464:). These documenters wrote that he kept a large 1278:Serais of Ali Pasha and his two sons in Joannina 1067: 887: 7223:Ta sozomena firmania ton pronomion tou Metsovou 7054:"The Greek Revolution: Ali Pasha's Last Gamble" 5660:Religion and the Politics of Identity in Kosovo 5550: 5349: 4065:. Tirana, Albania: Shtepia Botuese Toena. 2002. 2974:killings, Ali Pasha replaced blood feuds (Alb. 2905:Ali Pacha's seraglio and tomb, fortress, Janina 1899: 911:Ali's first action was to take the district of 148:Emine (daughter of Kaplan Pasha of Gjirokastër) 10794:Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance 6973: 6579:] (photographic reprint ed.). Athens. 6110: 6086: 5885: 5850:Political and Historical Encyclopedia of Women 5506: 5319: 5307: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5034: 5022: 5010: 4998: 4986: 4947: 4932: 4920: 4908: 4896: 4884: 4872: 4860: 4848: 4836: 4815: 4809: 4797: 4785: 4773: 4761: 4749: 4722: 4707: 4695: 4680: 4668: 4629: 4582: 4443: 4409: 4397: 4385: 4373: 4361: 4325: 4298:(in German). Böhlau Verlag Wien. p. 368. 4257:Zeana, Corneliu (2021). Boldea, Iulian (ed.). 4227: 4212: 4188:(2021). "Armatoloi". In Speake, Graham (ed.). 4044: 4032: 3991: 3979: 3967: 3952: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3864:"1813 Thomas Smart Hughes: Travels in Albania" 3849: 3810: 3761: 3667: 3316:Ali is the title character of the 1828 German 2918:were performed in the outer courtyards of the 2232:. This victory resulted in the signing of the 2221:. The defense of Santa Maura was organised by 1973: 1675: 544: 538: 361:; 1740 – January 24, 1822), commonly known as 8761: 7841: 7581: 6753:Kitromilides, Paschalis M. (March 25, 2021). 6319: 6010: 6008: 5842: 5840: 5694: 5112:Murray, Stephen O. & Roscoe, Will (1997) 5072:The Works of Lord Byron: Letters and Journals 4259:"The Aromanians, a distinct Balkan ethnicity" 3787:A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History 3749:Ο Αλή Πασάς ο Τεπελενλής και η περιουσία του. 3013: 2734:these men to efface the memory of his crimes. 2624:, who sought to restore the authority of the 2310: 1533:by assuming fake identities as a tax-farmer. 425:. He managed to stretch his control over the 390:independent. The capital of the Pashalik was 9140:Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands 7467:The Diamond of Jannina: Ali Pasha 1741–1822 7085:International Journal of Middle East Studies 6752: 6362: 6295: 6277: 6233: 6210: 6166: 6149: 6137: 5580: 5475: 5220:Victor Roudometof; Roland Robertson (2001), 4509: 4507: 3780: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3714:"Pse e rrënoi Ali Pashë Tepelena, Hormovën?" 3684: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3062: 1939:Ali's territorial aspirations also included 1684:Portrait of Ali Pasha by J. Cartwright, 1819 1579:which would be a counterpart of that of the 1365:were incited against Ali by Russian Empress 11687:19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire 11682:18th-century people from the Ottoman Empire 7147: 6994: 6880: 6852: 6794: 6756:The Greek Revolution: A Critical Dictionary 6570: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6350: 5958: 5283: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5255: 4287: 4285: 4172: 4012:. Ioannina, Greece: Earthlab. p. 337. 4002: 4000: 3624: 3210:, who were both introduced in Ali's court. 1793: 1513:By 1798, Ali Pasha's influence extended to 1021:and a political opponent of the Venetians. 573: 497:. Muhtar Pasha also became governor of the 11505:The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi 9155:Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands 8768: 8754: 8611:Ottoman – Albanian nobility 7848: 7834: 7588: 7574: 7326:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7269:The Vlachs: The History of a Balkan People 7265: 7233: 7043:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6946:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6923:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6907:Kodikas Choras Metsovou ton eton 1708–1907 6589:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6550: 6498:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 12. 6415:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 11. 6005: 5837: 5770: 5732: 5502: 5500: 5226:, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 25, 5076:"mahometan+buonaparte"&pg=PA252 p. 252 4244: 3299:In the early 19th century, Ali's personal 3266: 1559:in Janina, Albania (subsequently Greece), 608: 600: 47: 8265:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 7595: 7449:, Pest, 1854. (in English: Maurus Jókai: 7286: 7254: 7182: 7148:Stubbs, John H.; Makaš, Emily G. (2011). 7119: 6911:Chora Metsovou Log of the years 1708–1907 6813: 6435: 6320:Murray-Miller, Gavin (February 6, 2020). 6271: 6183: 5970: 5939: 5937: 5928: 5517:, Indiana University Press, p. 130, 5367:, Milano: Edizioni Unicopli, p. 68, 5271:. Paul Vrellis Greek History Museum. 2021 4513: 4504: 4140:. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları. p. 30. 3767: 3673: 3030:Although Ali Pasha's native language was 2612:, allegedly ordered the assassination of 2576: 2155:armatoloi, but Nikotsaras would join the 2130:, Ali finally managed to gain control of 2103:. By 1801, the constant threat of Muslim 915:, where his soldiers had already visited 7523:. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, 1816 7514:Notice sur la fin tragique d’Ali-Tébélen 7024: 7015: 6931: 6904: 6397: 6125: 6047: 5252: 5154: 5133: 4594: 4549: 4282: 3997: 3630: 3270: 3227: 3185: 3068:Revolutionary preparations and Ali Pasha 3017: 2899: 2844: 2641: 2630: 2478: 2387: 2332:by force. Meanwhile, Ali sent his sons, 2095:continued their rampant banditry whilst 1977: 1903: 1802: 1679: 1551: 1447:, drawn from life and published in 1828. 1435: 1396: 1352:Ali and the Souliotes: Initial campaigns 1272: 1252: 1159: 1071: 972:, the son of Sulejman Çapari and aga of 802:, who were engaged in conflict with the 749: 641: 11697:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire 9665:Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece 7505:Histoire de la régénération de la Grèce 7453:, translated by R. Nisbet Bain, 1897). 7310:I dikaiosyni eis to kratos tou Ali pasa 7175:National Technical University of Athens 7082: 7051: 6954: 6861: 6708: 6687: 6495:Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature 6464: 6412:Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature 6307: 6283: 6256: 6198: 6098: 6074: 6035: 6014: 5999: 5831: 5764: 5497: 5343: 5207: 5183: 4962:Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature 4821: 4737: 4644: 4455: 4428: 4349: 4184: 4160: 4135: 4111: 4099: 3822: 3734: 3586: 3574: 3443:out to sea to take Mustapha in battle. 3130:Coordinated "Greek–Albanian" operations 2991: 2670:On December 4, 1820, Ali Pasha and the 2392:Medallion attributed to Ali Pasha, 1807 2162: 14: 11667:Civil servants from the Ottoman Empire 11629: 11285:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 10858:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 7405: 7220: 7199: 7168: 6893: 6814:Lampridis, I. (1993) . "Malakasiaka". 6731: 6618: 6597: 6471:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 5. 6447: 5934: 5804: 5213: 5195: 4588: 4337: 4123: 3562: 3550: 2240: 1798: 1402:Fortress of Ali Pasha at Argyro-Castro 1374:men and aided by the Çapari family of 1155: 1024: 8749: 7829: 7569: 7530:. Stanford University. Archived from 7336: 7307: 6843: 6688:Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth (1999). 6666: 6655: 6491: 6408: 6385:from the original on November 3, 2009 6326:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 75. 5982: 5948:(in Albanian). Tirana: Botimet Toena. 5943: 5897: 5873: 5846: 5816: 5514:Albanian Identities: Myth and History 5444:, Athens: Doukas School, p. 68, 5407: 5091: 5058: 4656: 4559:. Athens: Benaki Museum. p. 13. 4494:de la Poer Beresford, George (1855). 4291: 4256: 2209:who had fled Veli's attacks, such as 1591:, which controlled the ports and the 1209:and a number of his trusted men like 876:barrels of merchandise bound for the 9660:Senate of Western Continental Greece 9637:Greek regional councils and statutes 7169:Smyris, Georgios (January 1, 2000). 6830: 6773: 5916: 5492:Ali Pasha dealt... Pasha of Ioannina 3711: 3303:, Haxhi Shekreti, composed the poem 3281:National Historical Museum of Athens 3202:undertaken by French consul-general 3172: 3109:Revolutionary preparations in Epirus 2856: 1510:control of the passes to his rival. 1128:during this war, he was granted the 1080:Ali did not keep his promise to the 11561:The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos 11306:Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent 9791:Proposals for the monarch of Greece 9177:United States of the Ionian Islands 5557:, London: I.B. Tauris, p. 22, 3712:Koçi, Dorian (September 26, 2018). 3600:"TEPEDELENLİ ALİ PAŞA'NIN OGULLARI" 2895: 2556:and was written entirely in Greek. 2296:where Vlachavas had sought refuge. 2171:in 1806, Ali decided to attack the 2078: 1300:, Christian notables, and Albanian 1165:The Palace of Ali Pasha in Tepelena 24: 11512:Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi 9675:Military-Political System of Samos 7856:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire 7352: 6883:Ali Pasas, apo listarchos igemonas 4966:Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004. 3382:, part of his eight-volume series 3249:Tepedelenlizade Ismail Rahmi Pasha 2462:Frederick North, Earl of Guildford 1472:wrote to Ali in 1794 on behalf of 1308:. For example, Ali replaced Greek 549:; and in other local languages as 25: 11753: 9746:Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826) 9170:1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry 7547: 7314:Justice in the state of Ali Pasha 6913:]. Athens. pp. 105, 120. 6894:Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1982). 6780:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 6454:. Chicago: Argonaut. p. 123. 5847:Fauré, Christine (June 2, 2004). 5441:Monuments of Orthodoxy in Albania 3861: 3460:'s 1992 historical romance novel 2138:mountains, where klephts such as 1965:rationalized by his hagiographer 1548:Ali Pasha and the European powers 980:. These allies kept the pasha of 9807:Greek expedition to Syria (1825) 8730: 8729: 7808: 7807: 7553: 6887:Ali Pasha, from bandit to leader 6656:Dauti, Daut (January 30, 2018). 6627:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 6526: 6512: 6485: 6458: 6448:Ruches, Pyrrhus J., ed. (1967). 6441: 6313: 6092: 6068: 6041: 6020: 5891: 5726: 5688: 5650: 5612: 5584:Historical Dictionary of Albania 5574: 5544: 5476:Konstantinos, Giakoumis (2002). 5469: 5431: 5408:Clark, Bruce (January 4, 2022). 5401: 5392: 5325: 5239: 5168: 5119: 3493:Albania under the Ottoman Empire 3156:Termination of common operations 2483:Ali Pasha and his favorite wife 2383: 1431: 1248: 221: 7375:, (2nd ed, Relfe, London, 1822) 6735:A History of the Ottoman Empire 6641:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23950 5554:The Albanians: A Modern History 5106: 5097: 5064: 5040: 4953: 4543: 4461: 4331: 4250: 4192:. Routledge. pp. 169–170. 4178: 4129: 4069: 3855: 3816: 3740: 3469:The best selling graphic novel 3239:and grandsons of Ali Pasha, by 3135:In late March-early April 1821 2996:Ali Pasha has been regarded by 2840: 2804:. Specifically the famous Sufi 2591: 469:, who also became Pasha of the 322:Ali Pasha's Invasion of Butrint 293:Ali Pasha's Invasion of Butrint 161: 11601:Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) 10699:François-René de Chateaubriand 9165:Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 9135:Fall of the Republic of Venice 6738:. Cambridge University Press. 6715:. Princeton University Press. 6694:. Princeton University Press. 6635:(3rd ed.). Brill Online. 6573:Istoria Ali Pasa tou Tepelenli 4550:Prokopiu, Geōrgios A. (2019). 3790:. I. B. Tauris. pp. 7–8. 3705: 3592: 2959:Albanian tribal customary laws 2536:A long epic poem known as the 1122:Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 976:Hasan Çapari, and Demoglou of 761:(published in 1820), based on 733:, where Ali built a fortified 627:named Nazif who migrated from 509:appointed pasha, ruler of the 276:Ali Pasha Tepelena's campaigns 13: 1: 11210:London Philhellenic Committee 9198:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 9121:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 9102:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 7961:Massacre of the Albanian Beys 7950: 7293:. Stanford University Press. 6795:Koliopoulos, John S. (1987). 6409:Merry, Bruce (May 30, 2004). 5657:Gerlachlus Duijzings (2010), 4062:Historia e Popullit Shqipetar 3206:and British diplomat-colonel 2926:songs emerged in Ali pasha's 2835: 2559: 2288:Ali's soldiers destroyed the 2183:to drive out the governor in 2107:and Christian klephts forced 1560: 1557:Audience chamber of Ali Pacha 1112:. Serving as the governor of 1068:Deposition and re-appointment 888:Rivalry with Ahmet Kurt Pasha 778:be married to Ibrahim Bey of 765:' travels in Albania in 1813. 413:; in particular, most of the 11677:19th-century Albanian people 11672:18th-century Albanian people 11341:Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval 10146:Michail Komninos Afentoulief 7384:Ali Pacha, Celebrated Crimes 7255:Valentini, Giuseppe (1956). 6759:. Harvard University Press. 5625:, Berlin: Lit, p. 216, 3255:in 1850 and governor of the 3008: 2678:Ali's rebellion against the 2646:Ali Pasha's tomb in Ioannina 2099:resumed his raids along the 1900:Corfu and the Ionian Islands 1100:Additionally, the region of 613:Ali Pasha was born into the 537:, and he was referred to as 7: 11577:25 March (Independence Day) 9812:Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) 9670:Provisional Regime of Crete 8891:Gregory V of Constantinople 8272:Declaration of Independence 7469:(New York, Taplinger, 1970) 7406:Ilıcak, Şükrü, ed. (2021). 6995:Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). 6799:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 6732:Howard, Douglas A. (2017). 6662:(phd). University of Leeds. 5619:Vassilis Nitsiakos (2010), 5162:The Ottoman Power in Europe 5047:Lord Byron's Correspondence 4310:Die Herrschaft des Ali Pasa 4136:Findley, Carter V. (2012). 3486: 3450:", a major treasure of the 3412:are the main characters in 3233:Ismail Bey and Mehmed Pasha 3054:, major contributor to the 2909:George de la Poer Beresford 2757: 2303:, who had been weakened by 1974:The Defeat of the Souliotes 1676:Cooperation with the French 1565:George de la Poer Beresford 1356:At this point in time, the 646:The statue of Ali Pasha in 579: 566: 473:in 1807. Ali's eldest son, 288:War of the Second Coalition 10: 11758: 11138:Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi 10833:Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels 10669:António Figueira d'Almeida 10281:Konstantinos Mavromichalis 9991:Germanos III of Old Patras 9727:International Conferences, 9075:Thourios or Patriotic hymn 9022:Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos 7519:Vaudoncourt, Guillaume de 7402:Granta Books, London 1999. 6955:Psimuli, Vaso Dh. (2016). 6932:Psimouli, Vaso D. (1998). 6846:Travels in northern Greece 6551:Anemodoura, Maria (2020). 6543: 6465:Tziovas, Dēmētrēs (2003). 6111:Russell & Russell 2017 6087:Russell & Russell 2017 6048:Palairet, Michael (2016). 5898:Beresford, G. de la Poer. 5886:Russell & Russell 2017 5853:. Routledge. p. 235. 5320:Russell & Russell 2017 5308:Russell & Russell 2017 5165:by Edward Augustus Freeman 5140:. Routledge. p. 103. 5070:Rowland E. Prothero, ed., 5035:Russell & Russell 2017 5023:Russell & Russell 2017 5011:Russell & Russell 2017 4999:Russell & Russell 2017 4987:Russell & Russell 2017 4948:Russell & Russell 2017 4933:Russell & Russell 2017 4921:Russell & Russell 2017 4909:Russell & Russell 2017 4897:Russell & Russell 2017 4885:Russell & Russell 2017 4873:Russell & Russell 2017 4861:Russell & Russell 2017 4849:Russell & Russell 2017 4837:Russell & Russell 2017 4810:Russell & Russell 2017 4798:Russell & Russell 2017 4786:Russell & Russell 2017 4774:Russell & Russell 2017 4762:Russell & Russell 2017 4750:Russell & Russell 2017 4723:Russell & Russell 2017 4708:Russell & Russell 2017 4696:Russell & Russell 2017 4681:Russell & Russell 2017 4669:Russell & Russell 2017 4630:Russell & Russell 2017 4583:Russell & Russell 2017 4528:10.2972/hesperia.88.2.0365 4444:Russell & Russell 2017 4410:Russell & Russell 2017 4398:Russell & Russell 2017 4386:Russell & Russell 2017 4374:Russell & Russell 2017 4362:Russell & Russell 2017 4326:Russell & Russell 2017 4228:Russell & Russell 2017 4213:Russell & Russell 2017 4045:Russell & Russell 2017 4033:Russell & Russell 2017 3992:Russell & Russell 2017 3980:Russell & Russell 2017 3968:Russell & Russell 2017 3953:Russell & Russell 2017 3941:Russell & Russell 2017 3929:Russell & Russell 2017 3917:Russell & Russell 2017 3905:Russell & Russell 2017 3893:Russell & Russell 2017 3881:Russell & Russell 2017 3850:Russell & Russell 2017 3811:Russell & Russell 2017 3762:Russell & Russell 2017 3668:Russell & Russell 2017 3514:History of Ottoman Albania 3500:, a secretary to Ali Pasha 3309:. The poem was written in 3056:modern Greek Enlightenment 3014:Modern Greek Enlightenment 3003:their nationalist platform 2780:He strongly supported the 2762:Ali Pasha was born into a 2616:, a political opponent in 2581:In 1819, Ottoman diplomat 2448:Different tales about his 2311:Ali's Growing Independence 2290:Monastery of St. Dimitrios 1865:. Ali observed as his son 1829:Louis François Jean Chabot 1517:. He was made governor of 937:Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha 721:, and the second would be 599: 398:, was Ali's headquarters. 380:, a large part of western 303:Siege of Corfu (1798–1799) 298:Battle of Nicopolis (1798) 27:Albanian ruler (1740–1822) 11570: 11439: 11368: 11298: 11280:Antoine Virgile Schneider 11262: 11253: 11202: 11146: 11065: 10923: 10659: 10606:Konstantinos Vlachopoulos 10366:Konstantinos Nikolopoulos 10286:Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis 9881:Constantin Denis Bourbaki 9831: 9820: 9799: 9726: 9685:Greek national assemblies 9683: 9635: 9596: 9525: 9462: 9306: 9230: 9221: 9185: 9088:European intervention and 9087: 9065:Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios 9042: 8989: 8938: 8929: 8899: 8849:Konstantinos Kolokotronis 8829:Dionysius the Philosopher 8804: 8795: 8784: 8777:Greek War of Independence 8725: 8624: 8566: 8523: 8516: 8383: 8242: 8176: 8100: 7984: 7976:Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion 7879: 7872: 7861: 7803: 7757: 7691: 7683:Greek War of Independence 7634: 7603: 7389:Fauriel, Claude Charles: 7363:Interviews with Ali Pacha 7234:Ushtelenca, Ilir (2009). 7120:Skoulidas, Ilias (2001). 7097:10.1017/S0020743800001112 6673:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 6619:Clayer, Nathalie (2014). 6571:Aravantinos, S. (1979) . 6375:Νήσος Ιωαννίνων. (2009). 5298:Mazower, 2021, p. 119–120 3504:Greek War of Independence 3354:The Count of Monte Cristo 3181: 3063:Greek War of Independence 2828:) of the Bektashi order. 2600:and influence in Ottoman 2585:brought the attention of 2531:Greek War of Independence 2346:Treaty of the Dardanelles 2167:With the outbreak of the 2066:who had taken control of 823:, who then took over the 574: 562: 503:Sanjak of Vlora and Berat 417:and the western parts of 340: 271:First Scutari-Ottoman War 258: 253: 229: 217: 206: 182: 171: 144: 120: 100: 95: 91: 80: 69: 65: 46: 41: 34: 11717:Anti-Aromanian sentiment 11118:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 11057:Christoforos Zachariadis 10967:Alexandros Kantakouzinos 10952:Anastasios Christopoulos 10823:Julius Michael Millingen 10626:Christoforos Zachariadis 10531:Sotirios Theocharopoulos 10261:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 10221:Leonardos Leonardopoulos 10206:Konstantinos Lagoumitzis 9786:Treaty of Constantinople 9107:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 8997:Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio 8951:Athanasios Christopoulos 8912:Souliote War (1789–1793) 8227:1912 – 13 8222:1478 – 79 8202:1477 – 78 8192:1466 – 67 7914:1843 – 44 7909:1432 – 36 7365:; edited by Jacob Isager 7266:Winnifrith, Tom (1987). 7052:Skiotis, Dennis (1976). 6881:Papastavros, A. (2013). 6866:(Hardback). Allen Lane. 6377: 5551:Miranda Vickers (1999), 3519: 2850:Postage stamp of Albania 2720: 2703:institutional corruption 2525:and the newly appointed 2438:Charles Robert Cockerell 1987:Charles Robert Cockerell 1794:Conflict with the French 1406:Charles Robert Cockerell 1371:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 1282:Charles Robert Cockerell 1171:, based on a drawing by 833:Catalcali Haci Ali Pasha 759:Charles Robert Cockerell 677:Ali himself was born in 515:Ottoman military reforms 283:Souliote War (1789–1793) 11547:The Archipelago on Fire 11311:Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois 11290:Camille Alphonse Trézel 11037:Konstantinos Xenokratis 10934:Danubian Principalities 10878:Auguste Hilarion Touret 10636:Germanos Zapheiropoulos 10511:Nikitas Stamatelopoulos 10411:Anagnostis Papageorgiou 10271:Demetrios Mavromichalis 10151:Alexandros Kontostavlos 9776:London Protocol of 1830 9766:London Protocol of 1829 9761:London Protocol of 1828 7512:Pouqueville, François, 7503:Pouqueville, François, 7496:Pouqueville, François, 7486:Pouqueville, François, 7472:Pouqueville, François, 7308:Zotos, Dim. A. (1938). 7287:Yaycioglu, Ali (2016). 7200:Tanner, Marcus (2014). 7154:. John Wiley and Sons. 6709:Fleming, K. E. (2014). 6598:Brisku, Adrian (2013). 6351:Stubbs & Makaš 2011 6026:Anemoudora, 2020, p. 20 5698:Balkan Cultural Studies 4611:Encyclopædia Britannica 4596:Phillips, Walter Alison 3479:published in the US by 3397:("The Last Days of the 3342:The drowning of Frosyne 3267:Ali Pasha in literature 2784:orders, well-spread in 2279:. Vlachavas obtained a 2262:In response, Ali's son 2248:Evangelistria Monastery 1989:, published in 1820 by 1408:, published in 1820 by 1284:, published in 1820 by 1207:Abdullah Pashe Taushani 960:siege and make way for 745: 670:, was a local ruler of 609:Ancestry and early life 581:Ali Pasas ton Ioanninon 575:Αλή Πασάς των Ιωαννίνων 554: 524: 315:Battle of Kardhiq(1803) 266:First Scutari-Berat War 11381:Fotis Chrysanthopoulos 11346:Pierre-Narcisse Guérin 10972:Georgios Kantakouzinos 10426:Christoforos Perraivos 10296:Dimitrios Meletopoulos 10291:Petrobey Mavromichalis 10276:Georgios Mavromichalis 10266:Antonios Mavromichalis 10161:Georgios Kountouriotis 10141:Theodoros Kolokotronis 10126:Apostolis Kolokotronis 10091:Georgakis Kapsokalyvas 10041:Antonios Kalamogdartis 9966:Georgios Filippopoulos 9921:Dimitrakis Deligiannis 9911:Hatzimichalis Dalianis 9896:Giannis Chondrogiannis 9729:treaties and protocols 9070:Salpisma Polemistirion 9034:Society of the Phoenix 8632:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7887:Skanderbeg's rebellion 7206:. London: I.B.Tauris. 6900:. Stanford University. 6862:Mazower, Mark (2021). 6633:Encyclopaedia of Islam 6621:"Ali Paşa Tepedelenli" 5695:Stavro Skendi (1980), 5414:. Simon and Schuster. 5411:Athens: City of Wisdom 5137:The Postcolonial World 5049:; John Murray, editor. 4500:. London: Day and Son. 3823:Malcolm, Noel (2020). 3637:. BRILL. p. 303. 3338:Aristotelis Valaoritis 3283: 3244: 3198: 3137:Christoforos Perraivos 3027: 2912: 2853: 2736: 2647: 2639: 2577:Rebellion and downfall 2491: 2446: 2435: 2393: 2358:Ibrahim Pasha of Berat 2350:Theodoros Kolokotronis 2211:Theodoros Kolokotronis 2060:Ibrahim Pasha of Berat 1994: 1926:Mihrişah Valide Sultan 1909: 1808: 1685: 1643:, who had established 1628:Treaty of Campo Formio 1568: 1448: 1424:Ali, aided by his son 1413: 1289: 1262: 1176: 1077: 948:pour into the region. 766: 650: 594: 545: 539: 534: 461:. Ali was granted the 358: 241: 11637:Ali Pasha of Ioannina 11586:Eleftheria i thanatos 11526:The Massacre at Chios 11421:Anastasios Polyzoidis 11416:Panagiotis Papatsonis 11369:Historians/Memoirists 11326:Guillaume-Abel Blouet 11275:Antoine Simon Durrieu 11270:Nicolas Joseph Maison 11225:Lazaros Kountouriotis 11189:Alexander I of Russia 10947:Athanasios Agrafiotis 10779:Henrik Nikolai Krøyer 10616:Liolios Xirolivaditis 10601:Alexakis Vlachopoulos 10561:Melchisedek Tsouderos 10536:Zafeirakis Theodosiou 10456:Anastasios Polyzoidis 10416:Dimitrios Papanikolis 10406:Grigorios Papaflessas 10326:Panagiotis Michanidis 10181:Lykourgos Krestenitis 10166:Lazaros Kountouriotis 10021:Konstantinos Gouvelis 9916:Dimitrios Deligeorgis 9650:Directorate of Achaea 8956:Theoklitos Farmakidis 7951:Ali Pasha's Rebellion 7946:Albanian–Venetian War 7775:Ali Pascha von Janina 7739:Saint George's Castle 7597:Ali Pasha of Ioannina 7418:10.1163/9789004471306 7400:The Balkans 1804–1999 7379:Dumas père, Alexandre 7359:Brøndsted, Peter Oluf 7025:Siorokas, G. (1999). 6905:Plataris, G. (1982). 6844:Leake, W. M. (1967). 6492:Merry, Bruce (2004). 5581:Robert Elsie (2004), 5247:Brigands with a Cause 5061:, pp. 29–30, 35. 3862:Elsie, Robert (ed.). 3784:(December 24, 2012). 3685:H. T. Norris (1993). 3631:Sellheim, R. (1992). 3498:Dimitrios Deligeorgis 3359:Alexandre Dumas, père 3322:Ali Pascha von Janina 3289:Encyclopedia of Islam 3274: 3259:in 1864. He also was 3231: 3189: 3120:Alexandros Ypsilantis 3021: 2998:Albanian nationalists 2982:Kurveleshi population 2949:, in addition to the 2903: 2848: 2731: 2645: 2634: 2482: 2442: 2431: 2391: 2380:eventually poisoned. 2152:Demitrios Palaeopolos 1981: 1970:French interference. 1907: 1806: 1683: 1555: 1491:Greek Orthodox Church 1439: 1400: 1276: 1256: 1163: 1075: 755:Portrait of Ali Pasha 753: 717:. The first would be 645: 501:in 1796–7 and of the 363:Ali Pasha of Ioannina 351:Ali Pasha of Tepelena 327:Ali Pasha's Rebellion 18:Ali Pasha of Tepelenë 11652:People from Tepelenë 11519:Le siège de Corinthe 11467:François Pouqueville 11406:Konstantinos Metaxas 11194:Nicholas I of Russia 11113:Mahmud Dramali Pasha 11047:Demetrios Ypsilantis 11042:Alexander Ypsilantis 10915:James Jakob Williams 10883:Edward John Trelawny 10799:Vasos Mavrovouniotis 10789:Ernst Michael Mangel 10754:Frank Abney Hastings 10684:Paul Marie Bonaparte 10621:Demetrios Ypsilantis 10581:Thanasoulas Valtinos 10491:Theofanis Siatisteus 10396:Dimitrios Panourgias 10306:Konstantinos Metaxas 10241:Yiannis Makriyiannis 10231:Lykourgos Logothetis 10216:Georgios Lechouritis 10186:Stamatis Krestenitis 10131:Ioannis Kolokotronis 10106:Georgios Karaiskakis 10096:Anastasios Karatasos 10076:Ioannis Kapodistrias 10066:Konstantinos Kanaris 10061:Athanasios Kanakaris 9976:Panagiotakis Fotilas 9961:Yiannis Dyovouniotis 9941:Konstantinos Dimidis 9926:Kanellos Deligiannis 9901:Dimitrios Christidis 9876:Laskarina Bouboulina 9771:Treaty of Adrianople 9655:Peloponnesian Senate 9145:Septinsular Republic 9090:Greek involvement in 9050:Adelphiki Didaskalia 8321:Partition of Albania 8250:Albanian Renaissance 7966:Mehmed II's campaign 7780:Spoonmaker's Diamond 7729:Porto Palermo Castle 7562:at Wikimedia Commons 7560:Tepedelenli Ali Paşa 7447:Janicsárok végnapjai 7371:Davenport, Richard, 7240:(in Albanian). Ada. 7070:on November 17, 2015 7001:. Ekdotike Athenon. 6816:Epirotika Meletimata 6667:Dauti, Daut (2023). 5931:, pp. 102, 103. 5509:Bernd Jürgen Fischer 5245:John S. Koliopoulos 4292:Kaser, Karl (1992). 3852:, pp. 122, 140. 3481:Penguin Random House 3448:Spoonmaker's Diamond 3395:Janicsárok végnapjai 3334:Euphrosyne Vasileiou 3208:William Martin Leake 3204:François Pouqueville 3048:Age of Enlightenment 2992:Albanian nationalism 2916:Albanian urban songs 2458:Baron de Vaudoncourt 2340:, to the war on the 2318:William Martin Leake 2223:Ioannis Kapodistrias 2163:Siege of Santa Maura 1954:Septinsular Republic 1850:the coastal town of 1645:François Pouqueville 1641:Napoleon I of France 1567:, published in 1855. 1175:, early 19th century 1050:. Ali was appointed 809:Mehmed Pasha Bushati 631:to Tepelene through 595:Tepedelenli Ali Paşa 568:Ali Pasas Tepelenlis 563:Αλή Πασάς Τεπελενλής 394:, which, along with 369:ruler who served as 11401:Lambros Koutsonikas 11245:Rothschild & Co 11220:Jean-Gabriel Eynard 11215:Ludwig I of Bavaria 11184:Lodewijk van Heiden 11093:Nasuhzade Ali Pasha 11052:Nikolaos Ypsilantis 11027:Athanasios Tsakalov 10997:Dimitrie Macedonski 10992:Constantine Levidis 10982:Stamatios Kleanthis 10784:Ludwig I of Bavaria 10764:Samuel Gridley Howe 10556:Anastasios Tsamados 10501:Ioannis Skandalidis 10481:Georgios Sachtouris 10436:Vasileios Petimezas 10351:Konstantinos Negris 10201:Kyprianos of Cyprus 10176:Ioannis Krestenitis 10171:Michalis Kourmoulis 10116:Nikolaos Kasomoulis 10111:Aristeidis Karnalis 10101:Panagiotis Karatzas 10081:Viaros Kapodistrias 10056:Athanasios Kampetis 10051:Dimitrios Kallergis 9986:Antonios Georgantas 9946:Ioannis Dimoulitsas 9891:Sotiris Charalampis 9846:Odysseas Androutsos 9756:Conference of Poros 9736:Congress of Laibach 9319:Wallachian uprising 9116:Catherine the Great 9012:Athanasios Tsakalov 8931:Greek Enlightenment 8917:Souliote War (1803) 7956:Ballaban's campaign 7897:Macedonian campaign 7790:The Traitor's Niche 7734:Saint Andrew Castle 7658:Battle of Nicopolis 7534:on October 14, 2022 7516:(Paris 1822, in-8°) 7221:Tritos, M. (1993). 7184:10.12681/eadd/12426 7134:10.12681/eadd/12856 7020:. 11/121, 122: 387. 6934:Souli kai Souliotes 6438:, pp. 239–248. 6298:, pp. 212–232. 6259:, pp. 118–119. 5771:H.T.Norris (1993), 5733:H.T.Norris (2006), 5116:, NYU Press, p. 189 5082:, 12 November 1809) 5037:, pp. 223–224. 5013:, pp. 187–188. 5001:, pp. 185–186. 4950:, pp. 183–184. 4935:, pp. 181–182. 4923:, pp. 180–181. 4911:, pp. 178–179. 4899:, pp. 177–178. 4887:, pp. 176–177. 4863:, pp. 174–175. 4800:, pp. 170–171. 4788:, pp. 169–170. 4776:, pp. 168–169. 4764:, pp. 164–165. 4752:, pp. 163–164. 4725:, pp. 161–162. 4698:, pp. 159–161. 4683:, pp. 159–160. 4671:, pp. 157–159. 4632:, pp. 155–156. 4585:, pp. 154–155. 4400:, pp. 153–154. 4388:, pp. 152–153. 4364:, pp. 147–150. 4328:, pp. 146–147. 4230:, pp. 142–143. 4215:, pp. 141–142. 4175:, pp. 250–251. 4102:, pp. 157–158. 4047:, pp. 139–140. 4035:, pp. 137–139. 3994:, pp. 134–138. 3982:, pp. 133–134. 3970:, pp. 131–132. 3955:, pp. 130–131. 3943:, pp. 129–130. 3931:, pp. 128–129. 3919:, pp. 127–128. 3907:, pp. 123–125. 3895:, pp. 115–116. 3883:, pp. 122–123. 3868:albanianhistory.net 3813:, pp. 119–123. 3670:, pp. 113–114. 3463:The Lion's Daughter 3422:The Traitor's Niche 3393:'s Hungarian novel 3052:Athanasios Psalidas 2911:, published in 1855 2880:Pashalik of Scutari 2529:and thus began the 2450:sexual proclivities 2408:to France, so only 2301:Antonis Katsantonis 2241:Ali and the Klephts 2230:Battle of Friedland 2179:. Ali sent his son 2140:Antonis Katsantonis 1991:Thomas Smart Hughes 1827:. However, General 1799:Conquest of Preveza 1753:Küçük Hüseyin Pasha 1410:Thomas Smart Hughes 1367:Catherine the Great 1286:Thomas Smart Hughes 1156:Early consolidation 1025:Initial appointment 763:Thomas Smart Hughes 664:1716 siege of Corfu 546:Ali Pasha i Janinës 479:Sanjak of Karli-Eli 310:Souliote War (1803) 11615:Presidential Guard 11596:Propylaea (Munich) 11492:Theodoros Vryzakis 11431:Spyridon Trikoupis 11426:Georgios Tertsetis 11396:Ambrosios Frantzis 11321:Stamatis Voulgaris 11123:Reşid Mehmed Pasha 11032:Tudor Vladimirescu 11007:Giorgakis Olympios 11002:Anastasios Manakis 10873:Friedrich Thiersch 10848:Theobald Piscatory 10804:Johann Jakob Meyer 10689:Karl Rudolf Brommy 10646:Marigo Zarafopoula 10541:Emmanouil Tombazis 10461:Konstantinos Rados 10441:Dionysios Petrakis 10431:Nikolaos Petimezas 10361:Diamantis Nikolaou 10311:Hatzigiannis Mexis 10251:Anastasios Manakis 10226:Georgios Liologlou 10196:Nikolaos Kriezotis 10136:Panos Kolokotronis 10016:Dimitrios Gouvelis 10001:Konstantinos Gofas 9906:Panagiotis Danglis 9741:Congress of Verona 9055:Asma Polemistirion 8981:Eugenios Voulgaris 8839:Panagiotis Benakis 7892:Italian expedition 7785:The Lion of Yanina 7765:Albanian Pashaliks 7709:Hajji Bendo Mosque 7646:Conflict with the 7642:Pashalik of Yanina 7458:Manzour, Ibrahim, 7451:The Lion of Janina 7426:20.500.12657/50791 7337:Ali Pasha archives 6957:Suli dhe suljotët 6831:Lars, Gr. (1994). 6774:Koço, Eno (2018). 6623:. In Fleet, Kate; 6604:. Berghahn Books. 5398:Fleming (1992): 66 5210:, pp. 59, 63. 3509:History of Albania 3435:The Ionian Mission 3403:The Lion of Janina 3294:Western literature 3284: 3245: 3199: 3028: 2947:Pashalik of Yanina 2920:Albanian pashaliks 2913: 2854: 2830:Nasibi Tahir Babai 2648: 2640: 2500:Husein Gradaščević 2492: 2394: 2219:Napoleon Bonaparte 2157:Serbian Revolution 2121:John Philip Morier 2064:Muhammad Ali Pasha 1995: 1985:in 1813, drawn by 1910: 1833:declaration of war 1809: 1686: 1670:John Philip Morier 1569: 1538:district of Epirus 1449: 1414: 1404:in 1813, drawn by 1342:Aromanian diaspora 1290: 1280:in 1813, drawn by 1263: 1177: 1078: 767: 651: 601:تپه‌دلنلي علي پاشا 540:Ali Pashë Tepelena 519:Western literature 511:Sanjak of Ioannina 477:, was granted the 415:district of Epirus 378:Pashalik of Yanina 176:Fatma Hikmet İşmen 135:Pashalik of Yanina 11742:Albanian monarchs 11702:Albanian nobility 11624: 11623: 11533:The Free Besieged 11487:Dionysios Solomos 11472:Alexander Pushkin 11411:Panoutsos Notaras 11364: 11363: 11351:Charles Lenormant 11174:Edward Codrington 11169:Stratford Canning 11012:Yiannis Pharmakis 10987:Georgios Lassanis 10962:Stefanos Kanellos 10863:Giuseppe Rosaroll 10810:Ellinika Chronika 10719:Giacinto Collegno 10591:Meletis Vasileiou 10551:Ioannis Trikoupis 10521:Joseph Stephanini 10471:Panagiotis Rodios 10451:Kyriakos Pittakis 10386:Andronikos Paikos 10376:Antonis Oikonomou 10336:Nikolaos Mykonios 10321:Antonios Miaoulis 10256:Manto Mavrogenous 10211:Georgios Lassanis 10071:Stefanos Kanellos 10031:Dimitrios Indares 9931:Athanasios Diakos 9781:London Conference 9697:Executive of 1822 9693:First (Epidaurus) 9208:Constitutionalism 9193:Greek nationalism 9160:Albanian Regiment 9126:French Revolution 9083: 9082: 9060:Hellenic Nomarchy 9029:Philomuse Society 8976:Adamantios Korais 8971:Theophilos Kairis 8925: 8924: 8859:Cosmas of Aetolia 8743: 8742: 8721: 8720: 8379: 8378: 7823: 7822: 7749:Veli Pasha Mosque 7653:Battle of Butrint 7558:Media related to 7435:978-90-04-47129-0 7393:, (Breslau, 1834) 7300:978-0-8047-9612-5 7279:978-0-7156-2135-6 6987:978-1-4738-7722-1 6980:. Pen and Sword. 6889:]. Apeirotan. 6873:978-0-241-00410-4 6766:978-0-674-98743-2 6722:978-1-4008-6497-3 6701:978-0-691-00194-4 6611:978-0-85745-985-5 6536:. August 4, 2019. 6505:978-0-313-30813-0 6478:978-0-7546-0998-8 6422:978-0-313-30813-0 6363:Kitromilides 2021 6333:978-1-350-02002-3 6296:Kitromilides 2021 6234:Kitromilides 2021 6211:Kitromilides 2021 6167:Kitromilides 2021 6150:Kitromilides 2021 6138:Kitromilides 2021 5946:Kanuni i Labërisë 5860:978-1-135-45691-7 5421:978-1-64313-876-3 5233:978-0-313-31949-5 5147:978-1-315-29767-5 5126:Ahmet Cevdet Paşa 4972:978-0-313-30813-0 4601:"Ali Pasha" 4566:978-960-476-261-3 4305:978-3-205-05545-7 4275:978-606-93691-3-5 4199:978-1-135-94206-9 4147:978-605-114-693-5 4078:Studime Historike 4019:978-960-233-187-3 3797:978-1-78076-431-3 3698:978-1-85065-167-3 3644:978-90-04-09651-6 3612:on August 5, 2020 3384:Celebrated Crimes 3378:wrote a history, 3373:Alexandre Dumas, 3286:According to the 3173:Greek nationalism 3091:Battle of Klinovo 2961:. After annexing 2868:Napoleonic France 2857:Albanian autonomy 2474:Ahmet Cevdet Paşa 2418:John Cam Hobhouse 2256:Thymios Vlachavas 2187:and to subjugate 2169:Russo-Turkish War 2097:Osman Pazvantoğlu 1922:Aetolia-Acarnania 1879:Yedikule Fortress 1741:Osman Pazvantoğlu 1613:French Revolution 1130:Sanjak of Trikala 1097:soon thereafter. 1044:Kara Mahmud Pasha 483:Sanjak of Eğriboz 463:Sanjak of Tirhala 344: 343: 331:Siege of Ioannina 247:"Lion of Yannina" 128:(aged 81–82) 111:Sanjak of Delvina 53:Ali Pasha at the 16:(Redirected from 11749: 11732:Ottoman Ioannina 11657:Albanian Muslims 11591:Pedion tou Areos 11447:Eugène Delacroix 11376:Dimitrios Ainian 11260: 11259: 11255:Morea expedition 11240:Ioannis Varvakis 11235:Georgios Stavros 11098:Ismael Gibraltar 11083:Sultan Mahmud II 10957:Diamandi Djuvara 10896: 10759:Carl von Heideck 10734:Vincenzo Gallina 10709:Giuseppe Chiappe 10641:Evangelos Zappas 10571:Theodoros Tzinis 10566:Kitsos Tzavellas 10546:Iakovos Tombazis 10516:Georgios Stavros 10496:Georgios Sisinis 10486:Georgios Sekeris 10421:Emmanouel Pappas 10401:Nakos Panourgias 10381:Ioannis Orlandos 10356:Theodoros Negris 10346:Alexander Negris 10316:Andreas Miaoulis 10246:Ioannis Mamouris 10191:Antonios Kriezis 10121:Ioannis Kolettis 10086:Stamatios Kapsas 10036:Isaiah of Salona 10006:Vasileios Goudas 9996:Georgios Gevidis 9971:Asimakis Fotilas 9871:Tousias Botsaris 9751:Treaty of London 9718:Fifth (Nafplion) 9645:Messenian Senate 9439:Chios expedition 9389:Greek civil wars 9017:Emmanuil Xanthos 9007:Nikolaos Skoufas 8936: 8935: 8854:Lambros Katsonis 8844:Nikolaos Galatis 8802: 8801: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8747: 8746: 8733: 8732: 8521: 8520: 7904:Albanian revolts 7877: 7876: 7850: 7843: 7836: 7827: 7826: 7811: 7810: 7590: 7583: 7576: 7567: 7566: 7557: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7465:Plomer, William 7439: 7367:, (Athens, 1998) 7331: 7325: 7317: 7304: 7283: 7262: 7251: 7230: 7217: 7196: 7193:10442/hedi/12426 7186: 7165: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7116: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7069: 7058: 7048: 7042: 7034: 7033:]. Ioannina. 7021: 7012: 6991: 6970: 6951: 6945: 6937: 6928: 6922: 6914: 6901: 6890: 6877: 6858: 6849: 6840: 6827: 6810: 6791: 6770: 6749: 6726: 6705: 6684: 6663: 6652: 6615: 6594: 6588: 6580: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6538: 6537: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6406: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6372: 6366: 6360: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6275: 6269: 6260: 6254: 6237: 6231: 6214: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6187: 6181: 6170: 6164: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6129: 6123: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6003: 5997: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5959:Mangalakova 2004 5956: 5950: 5949: 5941: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5844: 5835: 5829: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5504: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5487: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5358: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5296: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5269:"Pre-Revolution" 5265: 5250: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5172: 5166: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5123: 5117: 5110: 5104: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5083: 5074:, Vol. 1, 1898, 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4975: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4825: 4819: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4726: 4720: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4633: 4627: 4616: 4615: 4603: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4558: 4547: 4541: 4539: 4511: 4502: 4501: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4432: 4426: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4289: 4280: 4279: 4263: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4231: 4225: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4182: 4176: 4173:Sakellariou 1997 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4114:, p. 40–41. 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4004: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3778: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3682: 3671: 3665: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3611: 3605:. Archived from 3604: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3427:Kamarja e turpit 3425:(original title 3191:Ali Pasha Castle 2953:for Muslims and 2896:Albanian culture 2690:in exile in the 2595: 2594: 1808–1839 2593: 2544:was composed by 2508:Mehmet Ali Pasha 2489:Paul Emil Jacobs 2402:Treaty of Tilsit 2234:Treaty of Tilsit 2079:Ali as Beylerbey 2048:Dance of Zalongo 1962:Treaty of Amiens 1945:Second Coalition 1863:Battle of Actium 1861:had watched the 1562: 1419:Lambros Tzavelas 1369:, who after the 1146:Pasha of Trikala 871:and therefore a 825:Sanjak of Avlona 771:Ahmet Kurt Pasha 666:. Ali's father, 604: 603: 602: 584: 577: 576: 571: 564: 548: 542: 254:Military service 225: 165: 163: 127: 124:January 24, 1822 96:Personal details 85: 51: 32: 31: 21: 11757: 11756: 11752: 11751: 11750: 11748: 11747: 11746: 11707:Albanian Pashas 11627: 11626: 11625: 11620: 11581:Hymn to Liberty 11566: 11540:Hymn to Liberty 11435: 11386:Ioannis Filimon 11360: 11336:Prosper Baccuet 11294: 11249: 11230:Ioannis Papafis 11198: 11142: 11061: 11017:Michael Soutzos 10937: 10931: 10919: 10910:Olivier Voutier 10890: 10828:August Myhrberg 10818:Jonathan Miller 10744:Constantin Guys 10724:Charles Fabvier 10674:Joseph Balestra 10655: 10651:Nikolaos Zervas 10586:Dimitrios Varis 10526:Ioannis Stratos 10476:Dionysios Romas 10446:Andreas Pipinos 10371:Ioannis Notaras 10301:Andreas Metaxas 10156:Panos Koronaios 9956:Georgios Drakos 9936:Dionysis Diakos 9886:Stefanos Chalis 9861:Markos Botsaris 9856:Kostas Botsaris 9841:Chian Committee 9827: 9816: 9795: 9728: 9722: 9708:Third (Troezen) 9703:Second (Astros) 9679: 9631: 9592: 9526:Naval conflicts 9521: 9458: 9302: 9293:3rd Messolonghi 9288:2nd Messolonghi 9283:1st Messolonghi 9226: 9217: 9181: 9130:Napoleonic Wars 9094:Napoleonic Wars 9091: 9089: 9079: 9038: 8985: 8921: 8895: 8791: 8780: 8774: 8744: 8739: 8717: 8620: 8562: 8512: 8375: 8371:Vithkuqi script 8356:Skanderbeg myth 8330:Principalities 8314:North Macedonia 8238: 8172: 8096: 7980: 7868: 7857: 7854: 7824: 7819: 7799: 7753: 7744:Tepelena Castle 7719:Libohovë Castle 7714:Ioannina Castle 7687: 7630: 7599: 7594: 7550: 7537: 7535: 7526: 7498:Voyage en Grèce 7462:, (Paris, 1827) 7436: 7355: 7353:Further reading 7350: 7339: 7334: 7319: 7318: 7301: 7280: 7248: 7214: 7162: 7138: 7136: 7073: 7071: 7067: 7056: 7036: 7035: 7018:Epirotiki Estia 7009: 6988: 6967: 6939: 6938: 6916: 6915: 6874: 6820:Epirote Studies 6807: 6788: 6767: 6746: 6723: 6702: 6681: 6629:Rowson, Everett 6612: 6582: 6581: 6561: 6559: 6546: 6541: 6532: 6531: 6527: 6520:"Sons of Chaos" 6518: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6490: 6486: 6479: 6463: 6459: 6446: 6442: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6407: 6398: 6388: 6386: 6379: 6373: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6334: 6318: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6294: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6270: 6263: 6255: 6240: 6232: 6217: 6209: 6205: 6197: 6190: 6182: 6173: 6165: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6136: 6132: 6124: 6117: 6109: 6105: 6097: 6093: 6085: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6046: 6042: 6034: 6030: 6025: 6021: 6013: 6006: 5998: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5969: 5965: 5957: 5953: 5942: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5919:, pp. 6–7. 5915: 5911: 5896: 5892: 5884: 5880: 5872: 5868: 5861: 5845: 5838: 5830: 5823: 5815: 5811: 5803: 5799: 5785: 5769: 5765: 5747: 5731: 5727: 5709: 5693: 5689: 5671: 5655: 5651: 5633: 5617: 5613: 5595: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5549: 5545: 5538: 5525: 5505: 5498: 5485: 5483: 5474: 5470: 5452: 5436: 5432: 5422: 5406: 5402: 5397: 5393: 5375: 5359: 5350: 5342: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5322:, pp. 229. 5318: 5314: 5310:, pp. 228. 5306: 5302: 5297: 5284: 5274: 5272: 5267: 5266: 5253: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5182: 5178: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5124: 5120: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5090: 5086: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5045: 5041: 5033: 5029: 5025:, pp. 188. 5021: 5017: 5009: 5005: 4997: 4993: 4989:, pp. 185. 4985: 4978: 4958: 4954: 4946: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4875:, pp. 176. 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4851:, pp. 174. 4847: 4843: 4839:, pp. 172. 4835: 4828: 4820: 4816: 4812:, pp. 171. 4808: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4784: 4780: 4772: 4768: 4760: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4729: 4721: 4714: 4710:, pp. 161. 4706: 4702: 4694: 4687: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4643: 4636: 4628: 4619: 4593: 4589: 4581: 4577: 4567: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4512: 4505: 4492: 4485: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4442: 4435: 4427: 4416: 4412:, pp. 154. 4408: 4404: 4396: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4376:, pp. 152. 4372: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4311: 4306: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4245:Winnifrith 1987 4243: 4234: 4226: 4219: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4134: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4043: 4039: 4031: 4027: 4020: 4006: 4005: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3966: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3860: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3779: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3683: 3674: 3666: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3613: 3609: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3585: 3581: 3573: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3526: 3522: 3489: 3327:Albert Lortzing 3269: 3257:Thessaly Eyalet 3213:Pouqoueville's 3184: 3175: 3169:December 1821. 3158: 3132: 3111: 3070: 3065: 3016: 3011: 2994: 2943:Albanian tribal 2898: 2859: 2843: 2838: 2760: 2723: 2715:Ioannina Castle 2610:Turkish Reforms 2590: 2579: 2562: 2504:Ibrahim Bushati 2386: 2362:Omer Bey Vrioni 2313: 2243: 2165: 2081: 1976: 1902: 1801: 1796: 1695:Antoine Gentili 1678: 1630:, in which the 1605:Treaty of Jassy 1550: 1474:Platini Scourpi 1434: 1378:, Ali attacked 1354: 1251: 1227:Thanasis Vagias 1182:Dervendji-Pasha 1167:, engraving by 1158: 1070: 1027: 890: 748: 611: 527: 499:Sanjak of Ohrid 491:Gulf of Corinth 439:Vlora and Berat 411:mainland Greece 409:, and parts of 336: 249: 245: 202: 167: 164: 1808) 159: 155: 149: 129: 125: 105: 86: 81: 61: 55:Lake of Butrint 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11755: 11745: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11727:Bektashi Order 11724: 11719: 11714: 11712:Albanian Sufis 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11692:Ottoman Greece 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11622: 11621: 11619: 11618: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11574: 11572: 11568: 11567: 11565: 11564: 11557: 11550: 11543: 11536: 11529: 11522: 11515: 11508: 11501: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11482:Andreas Kalvos 11479: 11477:Karl Krazeisen 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11457:Peter von Hess 11454: 11449: 11443: 11441: 11437: 11436: 11434: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11372: 11370: 11366: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11331:Gabriel Bibron 11328: 11323: 11318: 11316:Pierre Peytier 11313: 11308: 11302: 11300: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11266: 11264: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11206: 11204: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11179:Henri de Rigny 11176: 11171: 11166: 11164:George Canning 11160: 11158: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11079: 11077: 11067:Ottoman Empire 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11022:Roxani Soutzos 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10977:Rallou Karatza 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10943: 10941: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10905:David Urquhart 10902: 10897: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10853:Maxime Raybaud 10850: 10845: 10843:Maurice Persat 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10814: 10813: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10774:Karl Krazeisen 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10704:Richard Church 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10665: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10654: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10631:Andreas Zaimis 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10506:Zisis Sotiriou 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10466:Ioannis Rangos 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10391:Georgios Panou 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10236:Andreas Londos 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10046:George Kalaras 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10026:Angelis Govios 10023: 10018: 10013: 10011:Ioannis Gouras 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9981:Angelis Gatsos 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9866:Notis Botsaris 9863: 9858: 9853: 9851:Fotos Bomporis 9848: 9843: 9837: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9814: 9809: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9732: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9713:Fourth (Argos) 9710: 9705: 9700: 9689: 9687: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9641: 9639: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9629: 9622: 9615: 9608: 9600: 9598: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9529: 9527: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9472:Constantinople 9468: 9466: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9189: 9187: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9173: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9123: 9118: 9109: 9104: 9098: 9096: 9085: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9046: 9044: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9025: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 8999: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8966:Anthimos Gazis 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8942: 8940: 8933: 8927: 8926: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8903: 8901: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8882: 8881: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8834:Daskalogiannis 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8810: 8808: 8799: 8797:Ottoman Greece 8793: 8792: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8773: 8772: 8765: 8758: 8750: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8694: 8693: 8683: 8682: 8681: 8679:Western Thrace 8676: 8671: 8666: 8656: 8651: 8650: 8649: 8639: 8634: 8628: 8626: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8572: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8544: 8543: 8533: 8527: 8525: 8518: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8480: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8425: 8424: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8403: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8296: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8257: 8252: 8246: 8244: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8236: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8211: 8206: 8205: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8180: 8178: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8104: 8102: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7988: 7986: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7942: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7883: 7881: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7853: 7852: 7845: 7838: 7830: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7817: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7704:Fethiye Mosque 7701: 7699:Butrint Castle 7695: 7693: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7685: 7680: 7679: 7678: 7673: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7655: 7644: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7626:Kyra Vassiliki 7623: 7618: 7613: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7600: 7593: 7592: 7585: 7578: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7549: 7548:External links 7546: 7545: 7544: 7524: 7517: 7510: 7501: 7494: 7484: 7470: 7463: 7456: 7440: 7434: 7403: 7394: 7387: 7376: 7369: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7316:]. Athens. 7305: 7299: 7284: 7278: 7263: 7252: 7246: 7231: 7218: 7212: 7197: 7166: 7160: 7145: 7126:Didaktorika.gr 7117: 7091:(3): 219–244. 7080: 7049: 7022: 7013: 7007: 6992: 6986: 6971: 6965: 6952: 6929: 6902: 6891: 6878: 6872: 6859: 6850: 6841: 6828: 6811: 6805: 6792: 6786: 6771: 6765: 6750: 6744: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6721: 6700: 6685: 6679: 6664: 6653: 6625:Krämer, Gudrun 6616: 6610: 6595: 6568: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6525: 6511: 6504: 6484: 6477: 6457: 6440: 6436:Yaycioglu 2016 6428: 6421: 6396: 6367: 6365:, p. 669. 6355: 6353:, p. 389. 6343: 6332: 6312: 6300: 6288: 6276: 6272:Skoulidas 2001 6261: 6238: 6236:, p. 212. 6215: 6213:, p. 210. 6203: 6188: 6184:Skoulidas 2001 6171: 6169:, p. 208. 6154: 6152:, p. 140. 6142: 6140:, p. 115. 6130: 6115: 6113:, p. 196. 6103: 6101:, pp. 102 6091: 6089:, p. 182. 6079: 6067: 6060: 6040: 6028: 6019: 6004: 5987: 5975: 5973:, p. 112. 5971:Yaycioglu 2016 5963: 5951: 5933: 5929:Valentini 1956 5921: 5909: 5890: 5888:, p. 231. 5878: 5866: 5859: 5836: 5821: 5809: 5797: 5783: 5763: 5745: 5725: 5707: 5687: 5669: 5649: 5631: 5611: 5593: 5573: 5563: 5543: 5523: 5496: 5468: 5450: 5430: 5420: 5400: 5391: 5373: 5348: 5336: 5324: 5312: 5300: 5282: 5251: 5238: 5232: 5212: 5200: 5188: 5186:, p. 168. 5176: 5167: 5153: 5146: 5118: 5105: 5096: 5084: 5078:(letter dated 5063: 5051: 5039: 5027: 5015: 5003: 4991: 4976: 4959:Merry, Bruce. 4952: 4937: 4925: 4913: 4901: 4889: 4877: 4865: 4853: 4841: 4826: 4814: 4802: 4790: 4778: 4766: 4754: 4742: 4727: 4712: 4700: 4685: 4673: 4661: 4649: 4634: 4617: 4606:Chisholm, Hugh 4587: 4575: 4565: 4542: 4522:(2): 365–419. 4503: 4483: 4460: 4448: 4446:, p. 253. 4433: 4414: 4402: 4390: 4378: 4366: 4354: 4352:, p. 410. 4342: 4330: 4318: 4304: 4281: 4274: 4249: 4247:, p. 130. 4232: 4217: 4205: 4198: 4177: 4165: 4163:, p. 171. 4153: 4146: 4128: 4126:, p. 234. 4116: 4104: 4092: 4068: 4049: 4037: 4025: 4018: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3854: 3842: 3835: 3815: 3803: 3796: 3766: 3764:, p. 115. 3754: 3739: 3727: 3704: 3697: 3672: 3657: 3643: 3623: 3591: 3579: 3577:, p. 116. 3567: 3555: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3495: 3488: 3485: 3452:Topkapi Palace 3441:Captain Aubrey 3418:historic novel 3408:Ali Pasha and 3363:Kyra Vassiliki 3311:Greek language 3268: 3265: 3253:Janina vilayet 3235:, the sons of 3183: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3157: 3154: 3131: 3128: 3110: 3107: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3041:Greek diaspora 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 2993: 2990: 2897: 2894: 2858: 2855: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2808:in Yanina and 2759: 2756: 2752:Fethiye Mosque 2722: 2719: 2692:Ionian Islands 2665:Alexis Noutsos 2618:Constantinople 2604:away from the 2598:grabbing power 2578: 2575: 2561: 2558: 2546:Haxhi Shekreti 2485:Kira Vassiliki 2416:together with 2406:Ionian Islands 2385: 2382: 2312: 2309: 2273:Constantinople 2242: 2239: 2173:Ionian Islands 2164: 2161: 2080: 2077: 2044:Ionian Islands 1975: 1972: 1967:Haxhi Shehreti 1950:Horatio Nelson 1901: 1898: 1890:Ambracian Gulf 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1677: 1674: 1632:Ionian Islands 1549: 1546: 1453:Constantinople 1433: 1430: 1353: 1350: 1334:Ottoman Empire 1250: 1247: 1211:Hasan Dervishi 1203:Celâleddin Bey 1173:William Purser 1157: 1154: 1106:Russian Empire 1069: 1066: 1060:annexation of 1026: 1023: 889: 886: 878:Ionian Islands 747: 744: 610: 607: 585:(Ali Pasha of 526: 523: 403:correspondence 342: 341: 338: 337: 335: 334: 333: 332: 324: 319: 318: 317: 307: 306: 305: 300: 295: 285: 280: 279: 278: 268: 262: 260: 256: 255: 251: 250: 231: 227: 226: 219: 215: 214: 208: 204: 203: 201: 200: 197: 192: 186: 184: 180: 179: 173: 169: 168: 157: 153:Kyra Vassiliki 151: 150: 146: 142: 141: 139:Ottoman Empire 122: 118: 117: 115:Ottoman Empire 102: 98: 97: 93: 92: 89: 88: 78: 77: 67: 66: 63: 62: 52: 44: 43: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11754: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11722:Ottoman Sufis 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11634: 11632: 11616: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11606:Royal Phalanx 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11576: 11575: 11573: 11569: 11563: 11562: 11558: 11556: 11555: 11551: 11549: 11548: 11544: 11542: 11541: 11537: 11535: 11534: 11530: 11528: 11527: 11523: 11521: 11520: 11516: 11514: 11513: 11509: 11507: 11506: 11502: 11500: 11499: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11444: 11442: 11438: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11391:George Finlay 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11373: 11371: 11367: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11297: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11252: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11203:Financial aid 11201: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11161: 11159: 11157: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11133:Ibrahim Pasha 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11088:Hurshid Pasha 11086: 11084: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11064: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10894: 10889: 10888:German Legion 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10812: 10811: 10807: 10806: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10769:George Jarvis 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10739:Thomas Gordon 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10714:Lord Cochrane 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10658: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10611:Pieros Voidis 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10596:Domna Visvizi 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10576:Loukas Vagias 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10341:Zachos Milios 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10331:Spyros Milios 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9824:Personalities 9819: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9798: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9733: 9731: 9725: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9698: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9682: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9634: 9628: 9627: 9623: 9621: 9620: 9616: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9607: 9606: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9595: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9524: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9461: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9305: 9299: 9298:2nd Acropolis 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9258:1st Acropolis 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9220: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9175: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9132: 9131: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9086: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9003: 9002:Filiki Eteria 9000: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8990:Organizations 8988: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8961:Rigas Feraios 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8928: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8898: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8880: 8877: 8876: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8789: 8783: 8778: 8771: 8766: 8764: 8759: 8757: 8752: 8751: 8748: 8736: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8687: 8684: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8623: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8606:Grand Viziers 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8528: 8526: 8522: 8519: 8515: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8407: 8404: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8301: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8241: 8235: 8232: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8101:Congregations 8099: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7983: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7888: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7878: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7860: 7851: 7846: 7844: 7839: 7837: 7832: 7831: 7828: 7816: 7815: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7796: 7795:Zalongo Dance 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7681: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7591: 7586: 7584: 7579: 7577: 7572: 7571: 7568: 7561: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7495: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7464: 7461: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7410: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7397:Glenny, Misha 7395: 7392: 7388: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7329: 7323: 7315: 7311: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7292: 7291: 7285: 7281: 7275: 7272:. Duckworth. 7271: 7270: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7253: 7249: 7247:9789994358595 7243: 7239: 7238: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7219: 7215: 7213:9781780768199 7209: 7205: 7204: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7167: 7163: 7161:9780470901113 7157: 7153: 7152: 7146: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7081: 7066: 7062: 7055: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7032: 7028: 7023: 7019: 7014: 7010: 7008:960-213-371-6 7004: 7000: 6999: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6979: 6978: 6972: 6968: 6966:9789928205728 6962: 6958: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6935: 6930: 6926: 6920: 6912: 6908: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6865: 6860: 6856: 6851: 6847: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6808: 6806:0-19-822863-5 6802: 6798: 6793: 6789: 6787:9781527510401 6783: 6779: 6778: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6758: 6757: 6751: 6747: 6745:9781108107471 6741: 6737: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6703: 6697: 6693: 6692: 6686: 6682: 6680:9781350349544 6676: 6672: 6671: 6665: 6661: 6660: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6603: 6602: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6578: 6574: 6569: 6558: 6554: 6549: 6548: 6535: 6529: 6521: 6515: 6507: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6488: 6480: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6461: 6453: 6452: 6444: 6437: 6432: 6424: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6384: 6380: 6371: 6364: 6359: 6352: 6347: 6340: 6335: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6316: 6309: 6304: 6297: 6292: 6285: 6280: 6274:, p. 21. 6273: 6268: 6266: 6258: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6212: 6207: 6201:, p. 59. 6200: 6195: 6193: 6186:, p. 17. 6185: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6168: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6151: 6146: 6139: 6134: 6128:, p. 98. 6127: 6126:Palairet 2016 6122: 6120: 6112: 6107: 6100: 6095: 6088: 6083: 6076: 6071: 6063: 6061:9781443888493 6057: 6053: 6052: 6044: 6038:, p. 65. 6037: 6032: 6023: 6016: 6011: 6009: 6002:, p. 63. 6001: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5985:, p. 62. 5984: 5979: 5972: 5967: 5960: 5955: 5947: 5940: 5938: 5930: 5925: 5918: 5913: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5887: 5882: 5876:, p. 32. 5875: 5870: 5862: 5856: 5852: 5851: 5843: 5841: 5833: 5828: 5826: 5819:, p. 16. 5818: 5813: 5807:, p. 23. 5806: 5801: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5784:9780872499775 5780: 5776: 5775: 5767: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5746:9780203961223 5742: 5738: 5737: 5729: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5708:9780914710660 5704: 5700: 5699: 5691: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5670:9780231120982 5666: 5662: 5661: 5653: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5632:9783643107930 5628: 5624: 5623: 5615: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5594:9780810848726 5590: 5586: 5585: 5577: 5570: 5566: 5564:9781441645005 5560: 5556: 5555: 5547: 5540: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5524:9780253341891 5520: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5503: 5501: 5493: 5481: 5480: 5472: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5451:9789607203090 5447: 5443: 5442: 5434: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5404: 5395: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5374:9788840005355 5370: 5366: 5365: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5346:, p. 32. 5345: 5340: 5333: 5328: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5304: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5248: 5242: 5235: 5229: 5225: 5224: 5216: 5209: 5204: 5198:, p. 39. 5197: 5192: 5185: 5180: 5171: 5164: 5163: 5157: 5149: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5115: 5109: 5100: 5094:, p. 37. 5093: 5088: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5048: 5043: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5019: 5012: 5007: 5000: 4995: 4988: 4983: 4981: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4963: 4956: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4869: 4862: 4857: 4850: 4845: 4838: 4833: 4831: 4824:, p. 411 4823: 4818: 4811: 4806: 4799: 4794: 4787: 4782: 4775: 4770: 4763: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4740:, p. 99. 4739: 4734: 4732: 4724: 4719: 4717: 4709: 4704: 4697: 4692: 4690: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4665: 4659:, p. 28. 4658: 4653: 4647:, p. 88. 4646: 4641: 4639: 4631: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4584: 4579: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4555: 4554: 4546: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4510: 4508: 4499: 4498: 4490: 4488: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4458:, p. 60. 4457: 4452: 4445: 4440: 4438: 4431:, p. 63. 4430: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4411: 4406: 4399: 4394: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4370: 4363: 4358: 4351: 4346: 4339: 4334: 4327: 4322: 4315: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4288: 4286: 4277: 4271: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4229: 4224: 4222: 4214: 4209: 4201: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4186:Fleming, K.E. 4181: 4174: 4169: 4162: 4157: 4149: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4120: 4113: 4108: 4101: 4096: 4080: 4079: 4072: 4064: 4063: 4056: 4054: 4046: 4041: 4034: 4029: 4021: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4003: 4001: 3993: 3988: 3981: 3976: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3954: 3949: 3942: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3918: 3913: 3906: 3901: 3894: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3846: 3838: 3836:9780198857297 3832: 3828: 3827: 3819: 3812: 3807: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3763: 3758: 3751: 3750: 3743: 3737:, p. 60. 3736: 3731: 3716:(in Albanian) 3715: 3708: 3700: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3669: 3664: 3662: 3646: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3627: 3608: 3601: 3595: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3571: 3564: 3559: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3524: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3472:Sons of Chaos 3467: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3458:Loretta Chase 3455: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3437: 3436: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3414:Ismail Kadare 3411: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3370: 3368: 3367:Edmond Dantés 3364: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3351:In the novel 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3282: 3279:, now at the 3278: 3273: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3179: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3138: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3106: 3104: 3099: 3098:Filiki Eteria 3094: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3020: 3006: 3004: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2937:According to 2935: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2893: 2891: 2890:Ismail Qemali 2887: 2885: 2884:Sublime Porte 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2863:Sublime Porte 2851: 2847: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2730: 2728: 2727:Lake Pamvotis 2718: 2716: 2711: 2708: 2707:Hurshid Pasha 2704: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680:Sublime Porte 2676: 2673: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2644: 2638: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2626:Sublime Porte 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606:Sublime Porte 2603: 2599: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2567:Lake Pamvotis 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2512:Ibrahim Pasha 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2445: 2441: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2423:Childe Harold 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2390: 2384:Other aspects 2381: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2324:After Sultan 2322: 2319: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2285:Sublime Porte 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2177:Sublime Porte 2174: 2170: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1968: 1963: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1906: 1897: 1896:of Albania." 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1856:Roman Emperor 1853: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1805: 1791: 1788: 1787:Henry Holland 1784: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1598: 1597:Sublime Porte 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1577:Mediterranean 1574: 1566: 1558: 1554: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1432:Consolidation 1429: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1349: 1348:communities. 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1260: 1255: 1249:Rule as Pasha 1246: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223:Ago Myhyrdari 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1174: 1170: 1169:Edward Finden 1166: 1162: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1082:Sublime Porte 1074: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1031:Sublime Porte 1022: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 958: 954: 953:Sublime Porte 949: 946: 942: 938: 934: 933:Sublime Porte 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 894:Sublime Porte 885: 883: 879: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 801: 797: 793: 788: 786: 781: 776: 772: 764: 760: 756: 752: 743: 741: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 705: 699: 697: 692: 688: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 660: 656: 649: 644: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 623: 619: 616: 606: 596: 592: 588: 583: 582: 570: 569: 560: 556: 552: 547: 541: 536: 532: 522: 520: 516: 512: 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 399: 397: 393: 389: 388: 383: 379: 375: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 339: 330: 329: 328: 325: 323: 320: 316: 313: 312: 311: 308: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 290: 289: 286: 284: 281: 277: 274: 273: 272: 269: 267: 264: 263: 261: 257: 252: 248: 243: 239: 235: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 209: 205: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 187: 185: 181: 177: 174: 170: 154: 147: 143: 140: 136: 132: 123: 119: 116: 112: 108: 103: 99: 94: 90: 84: 79: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 50: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 11559: 11554:Loukis Laras 11552: 11545: 11538: 11531: 11524: 11517: 11510: 11503: 11496: 11356:Edgar Quinet 11128:Yussuf Pasha 10838:Hadži-Prodan 10808: 10749:Emmanuel Han 10729:Adam Friedel 10679:Samuel Barff 10661:Philhellenes 9822: 9625: 9618: 9611: 9604: 9477:Thessaloniki 9223: 9150:Greek Legion 9043:Publications 8946:John Caradja 8907:Orlov Revolt 8863: 8786: 8601:20th century 8596:19th century 8591:18th century 8586:17th century 8581:16th century 8576:15th century 8536:Islamization 8294:Mësonjëtorja 8282:Bashi-Bazouk 8243:Other events 7971:Morea revolt 7863: 7812: 7724:Parga Castle 7611:Muhtar Pasha 7596: 7536:. 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The poem 3241:Louis Dupré 2939:Pouqueville 2822:Fushë-Krujë 2818:Baba Shemin 2661:Omer Vrioni 2519:Katsantonis 2470:Orientalist 2215:Santa Maura 2193:Igoumenitsa 1941:Santa Maura 1841:Igoumenitsa 1821:Santa Maura 1773:) from the 1726:Shën Vasili 1346:Sarakatsani 1235:Tahir Abazi 1215:Omar Vrioni 1090:Gjirokastër 966:Bay of Arta 917:Missolonghi 869:Cephallonia 865:Missolonghi 757:, drawn by 715:Gjirokastër 655:Gjirokastër 555:Ali Pãshelu 230:Nickname(s) 59:Louis Dupré 11737:Kirdzhalis 11631:Categories 11299:Scientific 10694:Lord Byron 9573:Alexandria 9558:Sphacteria 9497:Samothrace 9487:Tripolitsa 9394:Sphacteria 9379:Dervenakia 9263:Tripolitsa 9213:Monarchism 9203:Liberalism 9112:Greek Plan 8879:Rum Millet 8874:Phanariots 8788:Background 8541:Bektashism 8351:Rum Millet 8143:Manastir I 7865:Background 7770:Alipashiad 7621:Veli Pasha 5983:Dauti 2018 5874:Dauti 2018 5817:Dauti 2023 5092:Dauti 2018 5059:Dauti 2018 4657:Dauti 2018 4085:August 17, 3720:October 5, 3616:January 6, 3306:Alipashiad 3261:Mutasarrif 3237:Veli Pasha 2977:gjakmarrje 2972:blood feud 2836:Influences 2800:, or even 2790:Naqshbandi 2657:Androutsos 2614:Gaskho Bey 2560:Atrocities 2542:Alipashiad 2538:Alipashiad 2454:Lord Byron 2414:Lord Byron 2398:Ionian Sea 2181:Veli Pasha 2148:Nikotsaras 2056:Paramythia 2027:Vourgareli 1960:after the 1894:Portsmouth 1886:Lord Byron 1747:in modern 1706:Neapolitan 1457:Negroponte 1376:Paramythia 1261:, Albania. 1199:Veli Pasha 1053:mutasarrif 723:Veli Pasha 687:mutasarrıf 467:Veli Pasha 10929:Wallachia 9605:Agamemnon 9464:Massacres 9449:Koronisia 9384:Karpenisi 9354:Drăgășani 8886:Souliotes 8864:Ali Pasha 8814:Armatoles 8691:Arbëreshë 8674:Souliotes 8664:Arvanites 8482:Vilayets 8406:Pashaliks 8384:Geography 8366:Stratioti 8339:Kastrioti 8334:Dukagjini 8287:Devshirme 8277:Janissary 8255:Armatoles 8234:Svetigrad 8062:Oranik II 8022:Martinići 7880:Rebellion 7692:Buildings 7671:1789–1793 7443:Jóka, Mór 7412:. Brill. 7322:cite book 7113:159559591 7039:cite book 6959:. Toena. 6942:cite book 6936:. 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Sofia. 6631:(eds.). 6562:July 21, 6383:Archived 5793:28067651 5755:85481562 5679:43513230 5603:52347600 5533:49663291 5511:(eds.), 5460:41487098 5383:43280624 5130:Ma'ruzat 4598:(1911). 4516:Hesperia 4478:24792656 3487:See also 3215:Histoire 3034:he used 3032:Albanian 2932:Ioannina 2928:seraglio 2764:Bektashi 2758:Religion 2744:Sulejman 2742:and one 2688:Souliots 2550:Albanian 2342:Danubian 2305:smallpox 2277:Moldavia 2269:Trikkala 2252:Skiathos 2128:Mihrişah 2011:Tepelenë 1859:Augustus 1848:attacked 1771:the Lion 1749:Bulgaria 1730:Trikkala 1519:Thessaly 1470:Thessaly 1134:Toskëria 1040:de facto 994:Trikkala 978:Konispol 945:Thessaly 921:Agrinion 902:Trikkala 898:Thessaly 873:Venetian 853:armatoli 829:Thessaly 785:Bektashi 735:seraglio 727:Libohovë 683:Veli Bey 672:Tepelena 668:Veli Bey 648:Tepelenë 639:origin. 637:Albanian 615:Albanian 587:Ioannina 531:Albanian 489:and the 481:and the 451:Monastir 419:Thessaly 396:Tepelena 392:Ioannina 387:de facto 367:Albanian 355:Albanian 211:Veli Bey 183:Children 131:Ioannina 107:Tepelena 11611:Evzones 11148:Britain 11071:Algeria 9800:Related 9543:Nauplia 9444:Martino 9419:Distomo 9399:Maniaki 9359:Sculeni 9339:Doliana 9324:Alamana 9307:Battles 9278:Nauplia 8869:Maniots 8824:Klephts 8713:Ukraine 8698:Romania 8642:Croatia 8524:Culture 8517:Society 8506:Scutari 8486:Albania 8476:Scutari 8451:Elbasan 8441:Delvina 8431:Albania 8416:Scutari 8399:Rumelia 8304:Albania 8168:Prizren 8163:Preveza 8128:Frashër 8123:Elbasan 8067:Otonetë 8047:Novšiće 8032:Mokra I 7985:Battles 7873:History 7538:June 2, 7492:on line 7482:Gallica 7478:on line 6822:]. 6544:Sources 6378:Μουσεία 5904:Artstor 5717:7058414 5486:July 8, 5249:, p. 40 5080:Prevesa 4608:(ed.). 4470:Artstor 3195:Butrint 3103:klephts 3089:at the 3087:klephts 3074:klephts 2986:Labëria 2924:Korçare 2872:Britain 2806:shrines 2798:Sâdîyye 2794:Halveti 2786:Rumelia 2696:Klephts 2684:Klephts 2602:Rumelia 2569:. 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The 1609:Crimea 1593:Ionian 1589:Venice 1573:Janina 1531:Prilep 1523:Rumeli 1515:Veroia 1466:Kokosi 1426:Muhtar 1388:Pindus 1328:. The 1187:Epirus 1138:Epirus 1110:Venice 1102:Himarë 1095:Janina 1062:Crimea 1002:Yanina 998:Euboea 957:Yanina 882:Epirus 845:Euboea 821:Yanina 817:Tirana 813:Kavajë 495:Attica 457:, and 455:Görice 431:Yanina 190:Muhtar 75:Yanina 11075:Egypt 10900:Serbs 10895:] 9597:Ships 9578:Volos 9568:Souda 9548:Samos 9538:Chios 9512:Kasos 9507:Psara 9502:Chios 9454:Petra 9404:Morea 9344:Lalas 9186:Ideas 8703:Syria 8686:Italy 8654:Egypt 8548:Kanun 8471:Ohrid 8446:Dibra 8411:Berat 8209:Berat 8138:Lezhë 8113:Dibra 8108:Dibër 8077:Savra 8072:Polog 8052:Ohrid 8027:Meçad 8002:Deçiq 7758:Other 7667:Wars 7347:943). 7312:[ 7225:[ 7109:S2CID 7101:JSTOR 7068:(PDF) 7057:(PDF) 7029:[ 6909:[ 6885:[ 6835:[ 6818:[ 6575:[ 4604:. In 4557:(PDF) 4532:S2CID 4474:JSTOR 4262:(PDF) 3610:(PDF) 3603:(PDF) 3520:Notes 3292:, in 3124:Souli 3036:Greek 2955:Canon 2907:, by 2876:Porte 2810:Parga 2802:Alevi 2721:Death 2548:, an 2487:, by 2466:harem 2410:Parga 2366:Vlorë 2207:Morea 2203:Parga 2068:Egypt 2015:Vlorë 1934:Porte 1918:Parga 1825:Corfu 1813:Egypt 1783:Morea 1775:Porte 1767:Aslan 1745:Vidin 1718:Vlorë 1699:Corfu 1691:Italy 1478:Koffi 1380:Souli 1362:spahi 1268:Souli 1243:Morea 1126:Banat 1035:Morea 1014:Pasha 1010:Corfu 925:Morea 857:Morea 780:Vlorë 775:Berat 629:Konya 559:Greek 447:Ohrid 374:pasha 349:, or 199:Selim 160:( 156: 71:Pasha 57:, by 11154:and 10927:and 9612:Aris 9583:Itea 9414:Mani 9374:Peta 9268:Arta 9128:and 9092:the 8669:Cham 8531:Besa 8217:1474 8197:1467 8187:1450 8158:Peja 8133:Kuçi 8017:Lumë 7939:1912 7934:1911 7929:1910 7924:1847 7919:1845 7676:1803 7540:2021 7430:ISBN 7328:link 7295:ISBN 7274:ISBN 7242:ISBN 7208:ISBN 7156:ISBN 7141:2023 7076:2015 7045:link 7003:ISBN 6982:ISBN 6961:ISBN 6948:link 6925:link 6868:ISBN 6801:ISBN 6782:ISBN 6761:ISBN 6740:ISBN 6717:ISBN 6696:ISBN 6675:ISBN 6645:ISSN 6606:ISBN 6591:link 6564:2023 6500:ISBN 6473:ISBN 6417:ISBN 6391:2009 6328:ISBN 6056:ISBN 5855:ISBN 5789:OCLC 5779:ISBN 5751:OCLC 5741:ISBN 5713:OCLC 5703:ISBN 5675:OCLC 5665:ISBN 5637:OCLC 5627:ISBN 5599:OCLC 5589:ISBN 5559:ISBN 5529:OCLC 5519:ISBN 5488:2018 5456:OCLC 5446:ISBN 5416:ISBN 5379:OCLC 5369:ISBN 5277:2022 5228:ISBN 5142:ISBN 4968:ISBN 4561:ISBN 4300:ISBN 4270:ISBN 4194:ISBN 4142:ISBN 4087:2010 4014:ISBN 3831:ISBN 3792:ISBN 3722:2022 3693:ISBN 3652:2010 3639:ISBN 3618:2023 3375:père 3277:mace 3085:and 3076:and 2965:and 2963:Suli 2782:Sufi 2740:Hodo 2686:and 2663:and 2510:and 2338:Veli 2336:and 2195:and 2150:and 2036:Veli 2013:and 2007:Arta 1716:and 1666:Arta 1636:Arta 1502:kadi 1306:agas 1304:and 1302:beys 1233:and 1150:Veli 1136:and 1108:and 1029:The 996:and 988:and 986:Arta 943:and 815:and 746:Rise 706:and 525:Name 449:and 421:and 242:Lion 195:Veli 121:Died 104:1740 101:Born 11440:Art 9114:of 8153:Mat 7480:at 7422:hdl 7414:doi 7189:hdl 7179:doi 7130:doi 7093:doi 6637:doi 4524:doi 3429:). 3416:'s 3357:by 3325:by 3193:in 2930:in 2826:taj 2820:of 2292:at 2250:at 2087:of 2021:of 2009:to 1769:" ( 1583:of 1581:Dey 1468:in 1443:by 1140:". 1046:of 843:of 798:of 796:aga 773:of 729:in 689:of 659:bey 605:). 572:or 543:or 429:of 73:of 11633:: 11150:, 11069:, 10893:el 7445:: 7428:. 7420:. 7381:, 7361:, 7324:}} 7320:{{ 7187:. 7173:. 7124:. 7107:. 7099:. 7087:. 7059:. 7041:}} 7037:{{ 6944:}} 6940:{{ 6921:}} 6917:{{ 6643:. 6587:}} 6583:{{ 6555:. 6399:^ 6336:. 6264:^ 6241:^ 6218:^ 6191:^ 6174:^ 6157:^ 6118:^ 6007:^ 5990:^ 5936:^ 5902:. 5839:^ 5824:^ 5787:, 5757:, 5749:, 5719:, 5711:, 5681:, 5673:, 5643:, 5635:, 5605:, 5597:, 5567:, 5535:, 5527:, 5499:^ 5490:. 5462:, 5454:, 5424:. 5385:, 5377:, 5351:^ 5334:). 5285:^ 5254:^ 5128:, 4979:^ 4940:^ 4829:^ 4730:^ 4715:^ 4688:^ 4637:^ 4620:^ 4569:. 4530:. 4520:88 4518:. 4506:^ 4486:^ 4472:. 4436:^ 4417:^ 4308:. 4284:^ 4264:. 4235:^ 4220:^ 4052:^ 3999:^ 3960:^ 3866:. 3769:^ 3675:^ 3660:^ 3527:^ 3405:. 3329:. 3022:A 2941:, 2796:, 2792:, 2746:. 2592:r. 2533:. 2514:. 2506:, 2502:, 2191:, 1881:. 1777:. 1701:. 1623:. 1561:c. 1476:, 1394:. 1296:, 1270:. 1245:. 1237:. 1229:, 1225:, 1221:, 1217:, 1213:, 1205:, 1201:, 1197:, 1152:. 1064:. 847:. 742:. 698:. 674:. 593:: 561:: 557:; 553:: 533:: 453:, 445:, 441:, 437:, 433:, 357:: 240:: 162:m. 137:, 133:, 113:, 109:, 11617:) 11613:( 10936:) 10932:( 9699:) 9695:( 8769:e 8762:t 8755:v 7849:e 7842:t 7835:v 7589:e 7582:t 7575:v 7542:. 7438:. 7424:: 7416:: 7330:) 7303:. 7282:. 7250:. 7216:. 7195:. 7191:: 7181:: 7164:. 7143:. 7132:: 7115:. 7095:: 7089:2 7078:. 7047:) 7011:. 6990:. 6969:. 6950:) 6927:) 6876:. 6824:5 6809:. 6790:. 6769:. 6748:. 6725:. 6704:. 6683:. 6651:. 6639:: 6614:. 6593:) 6566:. 6522:. 6508:. 6481:. 6425:. 6393:. 6064:. 5906:. 5863:. 5279:. 5150:. 4964:. 4538:. 4526:: 4480:. 4278:. 4202:. 4150:. 4089:. 4022:. 3870:. 3839:. 3800:. 3724:. 3701:. 3654:. 3620:. 3553:. 2589:( 1993:. 1765:" 1412:. 1288:. 597:( 353:( 244:) 236:( 20:)

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