763:, modern scholars generally consider this erroneous. Some have interpreted the date as 2 May 1181, but this in turn contradicts the indiction dating given by Choniates. Among the scholars who accept the dating of these events to 1181, several, including the English translator of Choniates, Harry Magoulias, place the date of the intended coup on 7 February, but Choniates' German editor, Jean-Louis Van Dieten, points out that on that year the feast day of the martyr Theodore was on 21 February. According to Van Dieten's reconstructed chronology, the condemnation of the conspirators took place on 1 March 1181, and the clashes took place on 2 May. The historian Oktawiusz Jurewicz, in his study on Andronikos I Komnenos, placed the events in 1182. As other, more precisely dated, events took place soon after, he proposed a condensed timeframe in which the uprising and reconciliation all took place in February 1182, with the date for the aborted coup set on 13 February.
772:
33:
613:
310:
807:, and the impropriety of the latter's alleged relationship with the Empress-regent. Relying on his oath to Emperor Manuel to uphold the rule of both Manuel and Alexios II—an oath occasioned more by his own, well-known ambitions—he even claimed to have been charged by the late Manuel to safeguard the rule of his son. Following the suppression of the uprising, his daughter Maria hastened to him at
894:; Andronikos Komnenos' supporters now began to move openly and even sailed across to visit him at his camp. Conversely, although he still held valuable hostages—including Andronikos' sons—Alexios appears to have become dejected and passively awaited events. In late April, a revolt in the city opened the prisons of the Great Palace and set the
803:, where he had been appointed governor. His sons Manuel and John had participated in the revolt, and the leaders of the conspiracy were in contact with him. Andronikos sent many letters to his nephew, the young Alexios II, to the Patriarch Theodosios and others bemoaning the usurpation of the young emperor's rights by the
905:
in the palace, probably suborned by
Andronikos. Under cover of night he was moved to the House of Michaelitzes in the patriarchal palace. During his captivity there, his guards tortured him by preventing him from sleeping, despite the intercession of Patriarch Theodosios. After a few days he was led,
869:
from
Constantinople. Again he put on an appearance of having a large army and a powerful navy, but in reality they were far inferior. The imperial fleet still blocked Andronikos' passage; Alexios tried to bolster his position by manning as many ships as he could with Latins who were loyal to him, but
698:
square between the Great Palace and the Hagia Sophia, after they razed the adjoining buildings. Moving forward at dawn, the imperial troops ascended the roof of the Church of St. John the
Theologian, and then moved to cut off the Hagia Sophia and Maria's supporters in the Augoustaion from the rest of
596:
and the faction around Maria as that of pro-Latin and anti-Latin parties. Most modern historians on the other hand stress that lines were not so clear cut, as the aristocratic opposition included Latins like Renier, and also recruited Latin mercenaries. According to this interpretation, the primary
786:
was weakened: on the one hand, his readiness to use force against fellow citizens, even in the most hallowed of all churches in the Empire, increased popular hostility, while on the other, the amnesty offered to Maria and her supporters strengthened the perception of the regime's weakness. Alexios
636:
According to
Choniates, the conspirators planned to assassinate Alexios when he and the emperor were to visit the suburb of Bathys Ryax for the feast day of the martyr Theodore, "on the seventh day of the first week of Lent". A soldier betrayed the conspiracy, however, and most of its members were
712:
Renier rallied about 150 of his men from his own Latin bodyguards and his wife's servants and followers, gave a speech justifying their struggle, and led them forth against the imperial troops in the
Augoustaion, who retreated hastily and in confusion. As Choniates writes, "the imperial troops no
676:
had
Alexios II issue a warning to his half-sister that she would be evicted by force, she again refused, and despite the Patriarch's angry objections started posting her followers to keep watch over the entrances to the great church, recruiting even "Italians in heavy armor and stouthearted
489:
regent of the state alongside her. Rumours spread that he also became Maria's lover. Although this was apparently widely believed at the time, modern scholars like Varzos are doubtful, as the
Byzantine sources are themselves divided over the matter: while the contemporary official and historian,
856:
soldiers". On his return to
Constantinople, Angelos faced accusations that he had misappropriated money meant for the army's salary. Fearing accusations of pro-Andronikos sentiments, he barricaded himself and his family in their mansion, before fleeing the city altogether and joining Andronikos
811:, bearing news; soon more letters came from the capital urging him to intervene. In autumn 1181, Andronikos began his march against Constantinople, proceeding slowly to give the impression of a large and cumbersome force, and allowing time for his propaganda to have an impact. Only the city of
501:
Nevertheless, Alexios evidently exercised considerable power. As
Choniates writes, "confident of his own power and his great influence over the empress", Alexios "had the emperor promulgate a decree that henceforth no document signed by the imperial hand would be valid unless first reviewed by
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and Renier in the Hagia Sophia. There they "gave her pledges of good faith confirmed by oaths, assuring her that nothing unpleasant would befall her. She would not be deprived of her dignities and privileges by her brother the emperor, or her stepmother the empress, or the
485:. Although after Manuel's death she had become a nun, the Empress-dowager immediately became the focus of attention of ambitious suitors who sought to win her affection, and supreme power along with it. Alexios soon emerged as the winner of this competition, and became the
358:, on 12 May 1157, with his brother John. He also participated in the synod of March 1166, also along with John. In both cases, Alexios is recorded among the imperial relatives, with no rank or title. In May/June 1167, following the dismissal and banishment of the
235:
reacted by punishing
Borradiotes for his role in the affair. Overwhelming opposition, both among the people and the aristocracy, forced him to recall Borradiotes soon after. These events left Alexios in poor shape to oppose the advance of the adventurer
832:
of lethargy and neglect ("he was unmanly and not only spent the early morning in sound sleep but also wasted most of the day sleeping") in dealing with Andronikos, but Skoutariotes does not repeat these accusations and modern scholars dismiss them.
686:
and the Empress-dowager. Led by three priests, the populace was driven to rebellion, and over several days they not only demonstrated before the gates of the palace but also ransacked several mansions of the nobility, including that of Pantechnes.
703:
and the Church of Alexios (on the western side of the square, north of the Milion) into the open square. Protected by their fellows who fired missiles from the upper galleries of the Hagia Sophia, the rebels began to withdraw into the
906:
seated on a pony and preceded by a reed flag in mockery of a banner amidst the jeers and abuse of the populace, to a fishing boat and across to Chalcedon. There Andronikos Komnenos, in front of the assembled aristocrats, ordered his
743:
Alexios, and full amnesty would be granted her supporters and allies", as Choniates reports. With this, the two sides disbanded their forces, and Maria and her husband returned to the Great Palace to meet the Empress-dowager and the
795:
was forced to consent to the Patriarch's reinstatement. His triumphal return, with jubilant crowds lining the procession that led him back to the patriarchal palace near the Hagia Sophia, was another blow to the regime's authority.
573:, who was then in exile), and many others. These leading aristocrats were driven by their exclusion from the share in power and wealth they had enjoyed under Manuel, and the fear that they might be imprisoned themselves.
292:, placed his birth on Easter Day 1135 (or possibly 1134 or 1136), as he was old enough to participate in a campaign in 1149/50. Alexios' father died in August 1142, only a little while after his older brother (also named
344:, like all young Byzantine aristocrats, the young Alexios was required to begin his military training and accompany his uncle, Emperor Manuel, on campaign. However, no details of his early military career are known. In
2181:
480:
When Manuel died on 24 September 1180, his heir, Alexios II, born in 1169, was underage. Manuel had neglected providing for a regency, and power automatically passed to the hands of the Empress-dowager,
886:
retire and be held accountable for his administration, and the Empress-dowager be confined to a convent. Within a few days, Andronikos Kontostephanos also defected to the rebels with the Byzantine-manned ships.
230:
Mounting tensions resulted in a popular uprising against Alexios' regime on 2 May 1181, (modern scholars have proposed other dates as well), which ended in a mutual reconciliation. His power shaken, the
681:
who had come to the City for commercial purposes", as Choniates reports. To them were added the masses of the capital's people, who assembled and began to sympathise publicly with Maria and denounce the
351:
he married Maria Doukaina, whose exact parentage is unknown. Together they had at least four children: a son Andronikos, a daughter Irene, and a son and daughter whose names are unknown.
300:, and probably died of the same illness. This provided the occasion for another poem by Prodromos, in which young Alexios is referred to as the only solace for his bereaved mother. The
699:
the city. After a fiercely contested battle, towards evening Maria and her followers were driven from the arches at the entrance of the Augoustaion and their positions on top of the
519:
Whether or not Alexios intended to usurp the throne his concentration of power alarmed the other imperial relatives, above all Emperor Manuel's daughter from his first marriage, the
668:
Emboldened by the popular support, the princess refused Alexios' offers of an amnesty, demanding not only a retrial of her co-conspirators but also the immediate dismissal of the
716:
The Patriarch now interceded with Empress Maria of Antioch to put an end to the fighting. In response, a delegation of the most distinguished nobles and officials, led by the
665:
but also of the common people, who took pity on her plight and her imperial descent, and who were further won over because of her largesse in distributing coins to the crowd.
422:
306:
database, on the other hand, interprets the poems by Prodromos as indicating that Alexios was born in 1142, during his father's absence on the campaign that cost his life.
240:, who moved against Constantinople from the east. The generals dispatched against Andronikos were defeated or defected, and the usurper entered the city in April 1182. The
589:
694:
brought in troops from both Asia and Europe under the command of Sabbatios the Armenian. In the meantime, Princess Maria's supporters barricaded themselves behind the
713:
longer dared to enter the open court but preferred to fight by firing missiles". Renier returned to the Hagia Sophia, and with the fall of night, a stalemate ensued.
1878:
1847:
554:
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in September 1176. His brother John was one of the battle's casualties. Alexios, as the last remaining son of Manuel's brothers, succeeded him in his titles of
289:
333:
Irene, suffered repeated disgrace and imprisonment at the hands of Manuel, the emperor showed great favour to her sons, particularly Alexios' older brother
588:
residents of Constantinople and Latin mercenaries for support, continuing and even augmenting Manuel's pro-Latin policies. Some modern historians, such as
529:. Maria's relations with her step-mother were already strained before Manuel's death and, according to Choniates, Maria was incensed at the thought of the
437:
787:
exacerbated the situation when he turned against Patriarch Theodosios for the aid and shelter he had given the rebels. The Patriarch was confined in the
472:, back to Byzantium. The embassy left Paris on Easter 1179, and returned via Italy to Constantinople, where Agnes and Alexios II were betrothed.
369:
32:
1811:
Van Dieten, Jean-Louis (1999). "Eustathios von Thessalonike und Niketas Choniates über das Geschehen im Jahre nach dem Tod Manuels I. Komnenos".
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domination of the government, which had destroyed the previous arrangements under Manuel, where the court aristocracy had been "equal in power".
368:, Alexios Komnenos assumed this high office. He appears with this rank at the synod in February 1170 that was convened to sit judgment against
914:
reports that his genitals were also cut off as punishment for his affair with the Empress, but this is not corroborated by any other source.
1929:
917:
The remainder of his life, and the date and circumstances of his death, are unknown. Likewise, his children lived and died in obscurity.
791:. Only the intervention of the Empress-regent and other members of the imperial family saved him from being dismissed. At long last, the
2034:
2013:
1833:
907:
245:
38:
2081:
1864:
508:) in frog green ink", so that "nothing whatsoever could be done except through him". In addition, all revenue was channeled to the
425:. Soon after Alexios' promotion, his wife died, and his son Andronikos was mortally injured after falling from his horse. The poet
329:. Although the younger of the two, because of the army's support, Manuel eventually became emperor. Although Alexios' mother, the
2589:
2076:
2029:
1975:
2564:
2198:
2066:
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and the Empress-dowager sullying her father's bed. The opposition that began to coalesce around her included: her husband, the
441:
413:, denoted the most senior members of the court, usually close relatives or special favourites of the emperor. Furthermore, as
2219:
2186:
2054:
1996:
1801:
562:
417:, he was the "titular head of the imperial household", with important ceremonial and diplomatic duties. His previous post of
2508:
2169:
2164:
2149:
2104:
1013:
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302:
262:
208:
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120:
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opponents free. His supporters and family were now arrested and thrown in the same cells. German mercenaries arrested the
2402:
2192:
566:
551:
46:
1915:
731:
461:
799:
In the meantime, the ambitious Andronikos Komnenos, cousin of Emperor Manuel, watched affairs in the capital from the
751:
The precise dating of these events is disputed. Choniates records the date of the clash between the supporters of the
2214:
2071:
1776:
1752:
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of the Hagia Sophia, while the imperials were reluctant to follow "in fear of the temple's narrow passageways". The
1893:
878:(a future patriarch) to Andronikos' camp, offering a pardon and high office. In the event, Xiphilinos betrayed the
2159:
2109:
874:, Andronikos Kontostephanos, forced him to concede command of the navy. Alexios attempted to negotiate, and sent
322:
1991:
647:
629:
376:, Alexios fell gravely ill, and his wife donated a richly embroidered veil to the Church of the Saviour at the
584:, report that, finding themselves ever more unpopular, the Empress-dowager and Alexios turned to the numerous
2098:
293:
2569:
2559:
2289:
621:
2339:
659:
453:
296:). The two brothers were on a campaign with their father, John II, and their other brothers in southern
2599:
2275:
577:
516:
planned to supplant the young emperor and "mount both the mother and the throne", as Choniates put it.
2584:
837:
722:
383:
Like most of the Byzantine aristocracy, Alexios took part in the campaign that led to the disastrous
2579:
2385:
1952:
771:
192:. Following Manuel's death in 1180, he won the favour, and reportedly became the lover, of Empress-
852:, even though according to Choniates it faced only "farmers unfit for warfare and a contingent of
354:
The first recorded instance of Alexios attending a public function was at a synod at the imperial
2574:
2431:
2408:
2314:
1793:
384:
173:
215:. The plot was discovered and most conspirators arrested, but Maria and her husband fled to the
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2232:
2121:
1908:
825:
760:
662:
399:. Like John before him, these titles raised Alexios to the pinnacle of the Byzantine court. As
220:
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8:
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1933:
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2002:
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274:
87:
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2008:
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1738:
1726:
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875:
491:
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163:
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2044:
1969:
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42:
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273:. The origin of Alexios' mother, also named Irene, is unknown. The court poet,
224:
140:
66:
41:
of Alexios Komnenos, illuminated miniature from a manuscript of the history of
2553:
2539:
who are independently notable are shown. Rulers and co-rulers are denoted in
2524:
1886:
1855:
1824:
1730:
808:
389:
258:
182:
616:
Map of the imperial district of Constantinople, showing the location of the
2049:
1747:. Translated by Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
655:
625:
360:
216:
168:
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from the palace and the administration. When the Empress-dowager and the
646:—who succeeded Kamateros as Eparch—and imprisoned in the dungeons of the
639:
617:
377:
1712:
718:
705:
297:
828:, rejected his claims and resisted his advance. Choniates accused the
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155:
309:
1925:
1431:
1429:
1427:
866:
858:
405:
285:
102:
97:
71:
1458:
690:
Matters came to a head on the seventh day of the uprising, as the
512:
and the Empress-dowager. Soon rumours began to circulate that the
494:, reports the rumours almost as fact, the 13th-century chronicler
193:
1722:
1424:
882:, and Andronikos rejected the offer, insisting instead that the
256:
Alexios was the second son and the last of five children of the
207:. The aristocracy challenged his dominance, led by the princess
1294:
1292:
812:
700:
75:
1470:
861:. Emboldened by this defection, Andronikos Komnenos moved to
503:
457:
199:. Through her he ruled the Byzantine Empire for two years as
1653:
1629:
1569:
1412:
1388:
1364:
1340:
1289:
321:
When John II died in 1143, his two remaining sons were
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1530:
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aborted the marriage, and Eudokia was married instead to
436:. His first mission concerned the marriage of his cousin
251:
176:
campaign where, following the death of his older brother
1879:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
1848:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
1605:
1593:
1211:
1127:
1040:
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Despite the failure of the revolt, the position of the
1717:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
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1641:
1617:
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1199:
1139:
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Nevertheless, the army sent by the government, under
380:, an occasion celebrated by an anonymous court poet.
759:, i.e. 2 May 1182. As this was the date of the
658:, where she soon gained the support not only of the
277:, composed a laudatory poem to celebrate his birth.
1554:
1518:
1304:
650:. Andronikos Lapardas managed to escape, while the
468:and the prospective bride of Manuel's son and heir
755:and the imperial troops as 2 May on the 15th
502:Alexios and validated by his notation 'approved' (
2551:
1744:O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniatēs
592:, have therefore viewed the contest between the
244:Alexios was deposed, publicly humiliated, and
1909:
576:Choniates and his contemporaries, Archbishop
1789:Niketas Choniates: A Historiographical Study
1813:Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik
654:Maria and her husband sought refuge in the
442:Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence
2486:Theodora Megale Komnene ("Despina Khatun")
1916:
1902:
1810:
1768:The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143–1180
1476:
1464:
1452:
607:
498:appears to have considered them baseless.
432:In spring 1178, Alexios led an embassy to
31:
1771:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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1737:
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1611:
1599:
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440:—daughter of his paternal uncle Isaac—to
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637:arrested, tried by a tribunal under the
611:
308:
172:in 1167. In 1176 he participated in the
2456:Maria Megale Komnene, Byzantine Empress
1877:(in Greek). Vol. B. Thessaloniki:
1862:
1846:(in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki:
1831:
1785:
1714:Byzantium Confronts the West, 1180–1204
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448:. The opposition of the German emperor
313:Manuscript miniature of Manuel I,
2552:
252:Origin and early career under Manuel I
2415:Eudokia Megale Komnene, Lady of Sinop
2403:Anna Megale Komnene, Queen of Georgia
2220:Theodora Komnene, Princess of Antioch
2045:Adrianos/John IV, Archbishop of Ohrid
1897:
1710:
1647:
1623:
1563:
1548:
1524:
1322:
1310:
1003:
1001:
2509:Eudokia Komnene, Lady of Montpellier
2165:Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
2150:Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria
1014:Prosopography of the Byzantine World
303:Prosopography of the Byzantine World
265:, himself the second son of Emperor
248:. His fate thereafter is not known.
840:(the father of the future emperors
409:, a group which, since the days of
13:
998:
748:and confirm their reconciliation.
597:concern of the opposition was the
158:aristocrat and courtier. A son of
16:Byzantine aristocrat and courtier.
14:
2611:
2215:Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
211:, who plotted to assassinate the
180:, he was raised to the titles of
890:This was the final blow for the
542:, Manuel's illegitimate son the
475:
454:William VIII of Montpellier
429:wrote a lament on the occasion.
421:went to another Alexios, son of
403:, he was the most senior of the
372:. Sometime during his tenure as
47:Bibliothèque nationale de France
2160:Maria Komnene, Queen of Hungary
1441:
848:), was defeated at Charax near
203:regent of the underage emperor
2590:Officials of Manuel I Komnenos
1160:, pp. 194 (note 20), 198.
166:, he rose to the high rank of
1:
2565:12th-century Byzantine people
2340:Andronikos III Megas Komnenos
1871:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
1863:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
1840:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
1832:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
920:
345:
338:
148:
57:
2276:Andronikos II Megas Komnenos
569:(sons of the future emperor
456:. Alexios then proceeded to
423:Andronikos Komnenos Vatatzes
7:
815:under John Doukas, and the
766:
10:
2616:
2386:Alexios III Megas Komnenos
1711:Brand, Charles M. (1968).
1704:
578:Eustathius of Thessalonica
571:Andronikos I Komnenos
504:
238:Andronikos I Komnenos
2533:
2517:
2501:
2478:
2441:
2432:Alexios IV Megas Komnenos
2423:
2409:Manuel III Megas Komnenos
2395:
2370:
2331:
2315:Alexios II Megas Komnenos
2306:
2267:
2242:
2207:
2137:
2090:
2022:
1984:
1961:
1940:
1866:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
1835:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
775:15th-century portrait of
723:Andronikos Kontostephanos
446:Alfonso II of Aragon
223:and the common people of
219:, protected by Patriarch
144:
126:
116:
108:
96:
83:
53:
30:
23:
2492:Alexios V Megas Komnenos
2462:Alexander Megas Komnenos
2379:Manuel II Megas Komnenos
2233:Alexios I Megas Komnenos
1953:Manuel Erotikos Komnenos
1786:Simpson, Alicia (2013).
1438:, p. 208 (note 92).
470:Alexios II Komnenos
466:Louis VII of France
205:Alexios II Komnenos
2361:John III Megas Komnenos
2283:Theodora Megale Komnene
2258:Manuel I Megas Komnenos
1794:Oxford University Press
1467:, p. 102 (note 4).
910:. The Latin chronicler
608:Revolt of Maria Komnene
411:Alexios I Komnenos
385:Battle of Myriokephalon
2450:John IV Megas Komnenos
2322:Michael Megas Komnenos
2297:John II Megas Komnenos
2122:John Tzelepes Komnenos
826:John Komnenos Vatatzes
779:
761:Massacre of the Latins
679:Iberians from the East
663:Theodosios Borradiotes
633:
550:Alexios Komnenos, the
546:Alexios Komnenos, the
327:Manuel I Komnenos
318:
221:Theodosios Borradiotes
164:Manuel I Komnenos
162:and nephew of Emperor
2537:male-line descendants
2469:David Megas Komnenos
2290:George Megas Komnenos
2128:Andronikos I Komnenos
789:Pantepoptes Monastery
777:Andronikos I Komnenos
774:
615:
555:John Kamateros Doukas
496:Theodore Skoutariotes
464:, a daughter of King
312:
288:, the Greek scholar,
267:John II Komnenos
2502:Uncertain generation
2347:Basil Megas Komnenos
2145:John Doukas Komnenos
2040:Constantine Komnenos
935:, pp. 189, 192.
728:megas hetaireiarchēs
540:Renier of Montferrat
450:Frederick Barbarossa
356:Palace of Blachernae
154:– after 1182) was a
2570:Byzantine courtiers
2560:12th-century births
2176:Alexios II Komnenos
2105:Andronikos Komnenos
2067:Andronikos Komnenos
2014:Nikephoros Komnenos
1948:Nikephoros Komnenos
1934:Empire of Trebizond
1686:, pp. 216–217.
1674:, pp. 215–216.
1662:, pp. 139–140.
1638:, pp. 138–139.
1578:, pp. 137–138.
1539:, pp. 213–214.
1515:, pp. 212–213.
1479:, pp. 102–104.
1421:, pp. 135–136.
1409:, pp. 211–212.
1397:, pp. 133–135.
1385:, pp. 207–211.
1373:, pp. 131–133.
1361:, pp. 206–207.
1349:, pp. 130–131.
1337:, pp. 204–206.
1301:, pp. 224–225.
1286:, pp. 200–201.
1274:, pp. 202–204.
1196:, pp. 200–201.
1184:, pp. 199–200.
1172:, pp. 198–199.
1124:, pp. 197–198.
1112:, pp. 196–197.
1100:, pp. 195–196.
1076:, pp. 193–194.
1037:, pp. 195–196.
995:, pp. 192–193.
983:, pp. 359–361.
959:, pp. 189–191.
947:, pp. 361–362.
734:, were sent to the
644:Theodore Pantechnes
620:square between the
559:Andronikos Lapardas
290:Konstantinos Varzos
263:Andronikos Komnenos
160:Andronikos Komnenos
121:Andronikos Komnenos
2003:Alexios I Komnenos
1739:Choniates, Nicetas
838:Andronikos Angelos
780:
634:
561:, Maria's cousins
552:Eparch of the City
444:, brother of King
319:
275:Theodore Prodromos
2600:Byzantine regents
2547:
2546:
2116:Manuel I Komnenos
2009:Adrianos Komnenos
1803:978-0-19-967071-0
1650:, pp. 40–41.
1626:, pp. 39–40.
1551:, pp. 38–39.
1455:, pp. 102ff.
1325:, pp. 33–34.
876:George Xiphilinos
492:Niketas Choniates
427:Gregory Antiochos
331:sebastokratorissa
134:
133:
2607:
2585:Komnenos dynasty
2518:Related subjects
2354:Anna Anachoutlou
2199:Alexios Komnenos
2182:Alexios Komnenos
2155:Alexios Komnenos
2099:Alexios Komnenos
2082:Theodora Komnene
2061:John II Komnenos
2035:Alexios Komnenos
1970:Isaac I Komnenos
1930:Byzantine Empire
1918:
1911:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1876:
1859:
1845:
1828:
1807:
1782:
1758:
1734:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1005:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
900:
822:megas domestikos
603:
507:
506:
483:Maria of Antioch
350:
347:
343:
340:
282:prosopographical
271:Irene of Hungary
197:Maria of Antioch
153:
150:
146:
145:Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός
137:Alexios Komnenos
79:
62:
59:
35:
25:Alexios Komnenos
21:
20:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2580:Protovestiarioi
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2529:
2513:
2497:
2479:16th generation
2474:
2442:15th generation
2437:
2424:14th generation
2419:
2396:13th generation
2391:
2371:12th generation
2366:
2332:11th generation
2327:
2307:10th generation
2302:
2263:
2251:John I Axouchos
2238:
2203:
2187:Manuel Komnenos
2133:
2086:
2077:Eudokia Komnene
2018:
1992:Manuel Komnenos
1980:
1957:
1936:
1922:
1874:
1843:
1804:
1779:
1763:Magdalino, Paul
1755:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1477:Van Dieten 1999
1475:
1471:
1465:Van Dieten 1999
1463:
1459:
1453:Van Dieten 1999
1451:, p. 304,
1446:
1442:
1434:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1009:"Alexios 25003"
1007:
1006:
999:
991:
987:
979:
975:
967:
963:
955:
951:
943:
939:
931:
927:
923:
912:William of Tyre
908:eyes gouged out
898:
817:Theme of Thrace
769:
610:
601:
582:William of Tyre
522:porphyrogennētē
478:
415:prōtovestiarios
396:prōtovestiarios
348:
341:
315:Vatican Library
254:
189:prōtovestiarios
151:
91:
69:
65:
64:
60:
49:
43:William of Tyre
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2613:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2575:Protostratores
2572:
2567:
2562:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2269:
2268:9th generation
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2244:
2243:8th generation
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2226:David Komnenos
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2208:7th generation
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2138:6th generation
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2112:
2110:Isaac Komnenos
2107:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2091:5th generation
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:Isaac Komnenos
2069:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2023:4th generation
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1997:Isaac Komnenos
1994:
1988:
1986:
1985:3rd generation
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1965:
1963:
1962:2nd generation
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1941:1st generation
1938:
1937:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1860:
1829:
1808:
1802:
1783:
1777:
1759:
1753:
1735:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1698:, p. 218.
1688:
1676:
1664:
1660:Choniates 1984
1652:
1640:
1636:Choniates 1984
1628:
1616:
1614:, p. 138.
1612:Choniates 1984
1604:
1602:, p. 137.
1600:Choniates 1984
1592:
1590:, p. 214.
1580:
1576:Choniates 1984
1568:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1503:, p. 212.
1493:
1491:, p. 304.
1481:
1469:
1457:
1440:
1423:
1419:Choniates 1984
1411:
1399:
1395:Choniates 1984
1387:
1375:
1371:Choniates 1984
1363:
1351:
1347:Choniates 1984
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1299:Magdalino 2002
1288:
1276:
1264:
1262:, p. 203.
1249:
1247:, p. 200.
1237:
1235:, p. 202.
1222:
1220:, p. 130.
1218:Choniates 1984
1210:
1208:, p. 201.
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1148:, p. 198.
1138:
1136:, p. 181.
1134:Magdalino 2002
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1088:, p. 195.
1078:
1066:
1064:, p. 193.
1054:
1052:, p. 196.
1050:Magdalino 2002
1039:
1035:Magdalino 2002
1027:
997:
985:
973:
971:, p. 189.
961:
949:
937:
924:
922:
919:
768:
765:
609:
606:
477:
474:
370:John Eirenikos
366:Alexios Axouch
342: 1149/50
253:
250:
225:Constantinople
152: 1135/42
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
112:Maria Doukaina
110:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
92:Constantinople
85:
81:
80:
67:Constantinople
55:
51:
50:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2612:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:Protosebastoi
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2525:AIMA prophecy
2523:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2193:John Komnenos
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:Maria Komnene
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:Maria Komnene
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:John Komnenos
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1976:John Komnenos
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:(in German).
1814:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1778:0-521-52653-1
1774:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1754:0-8143-1764-2
1750:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1566:, p. 39.
1565:
1560:
1558:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1527:, p. 37.
1526:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1313:, p. 33.
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1031:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
994:
989:
982:
977:
970:
965:
958:
953:
946:
941:
934:
929:
925:
918:
915:
913:
909:
904:
903:prōtosebastos
897:
896:prōtosebastos
893:
892:prōtosebastos
888:
885:
884:prōtosebastos
881:
880:prōtosebastos
877:
873:
868:
865:, across the
864:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:Isaac II
839:
834:
831:
830:prōtosebastos
827:
824:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
805:prōtosebastos
802:
797:
794:
793:prōtosebastos
790:
785:
784:prōtosebastos
778:
773:
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
746:prōtosebastos
742:
741:prōtosebastos
737:
733:
730:
729:
724:
721:
720:
714:
711:
707:
702:
697:
693:
692:prōtosebastos
688:
685:
684:prōtosebastos
680:
675:
674:prōtosebastos
671:
670:prōtosebastos
666:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:
641:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
605:
600:
599:prōtosebastos
595:
594:prōtosebastos
591:
590:Charles Brand
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
553:
549:
545:
544:sebastokratōr
541:
538:
537:
532:
531:prōtosebastos
528:
527:Maria Komnene
524:
523:
517:
515:
514:prōtosebastos
511:
510:prōtosebastos
499:
497:
493:
488:
484:
476:Rise to power
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:
402:
401:prōtosebastos
398:
397:
392:
391:
390:prōtosebastos
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
357:
352:
349: 1153/4
336:
332:
328:
324:
316:
311:
307:
305:
304:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:study of the
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
260:
259:sebastokratōr
249:
247:
243:
242:prōtosebastos
239:
234:
233:prōtosebastos
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:prōtosebastos
210:
209:Maria Komnene
206:
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1819:: 101–112.
846:Alexios III
732:John Doukas
696:Augoustaion
640:dikaiodotēs
618:Augoustaion
378:Chalke Gate
61: 1135
2554:Categories
1648:Brand 1968
1624:Brand 1968
1564:Brand 1968
1549:Brand 1968
1525:Brand 1968
1323:Brand 1968
1311:Brand 1968
921:References
872:megas doux
819:under the
753:Caesarissa
736:Caesarissa
719:megas doux
706:exonarthex
652:Caesarissa
628:, and the
622:Hippodrome
505:ἐτηρήθησαν
298:Asia Minor
1887:834784665
1856:834784634
1825:0378-8660
1765:(2002) .
1731:795121713
863:Chalcedon
850:Nicomedia
757:indiction
660:Patriarch
525:princess
246:mutilated
156:Byzantine
109:Spouse(s)
1932:and the
1926:Komnenoi
1741:(1984).
1723:67-20872
1020:27 April
867:Bosporus
859:Bithynia
767:Downfall
725:and the
487:de facto
406:sebastoi
286:Komnenoi
201:de facto
103:Komnenos
72:Istanbul
39:blinding
1928:of the
1705:Sources
438:Eudokia
294:Alexios
280:In his
194:dowager
63:or 1142
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813:Nicaea
809:Sinope
801:Pontus
710:Caesar
701:Milion
624:, the
563:Manuel
536:Caesar
434:France
317:, Rome
127:Mother
117:Father
76:Turkey
2535:Only
1875:(PDF)
1869:[
1844:(PDF)
1838:[
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586:Latin
462:Agnes
458:Paris
337:. In
323:Isaac
141:Greek
130:Irene
88:After
2541:bold
1924:The
1883:OCLC
1852:OCLC
1821:ISSN
1798:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1749:ISBN
1727:OCLC
1719:LCCN
1447:cf.
1022:2016
870:the
844:and
580:and
567:John
565:and
393:and
335:John
325:and
269:and
186:and
178:John
90:1182
84:Died
54:Born
37:The
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139:(
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