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tantalizing opportunity, Barbarigo could not garner any additional votes beyond what he already had accrued. However, many in the camp that wanted continuity with the policies of
Innocent XI had caught on to the deception, which only served to create indignation within the conclave. However, since Chigi and his faction had not directly voted for Barbarigo in order to maintain the deception, the Ottoboni candidacy could go ahead and could remain unmarred since Chigi and his faction lied that they were waiting for the arrival of the French cardinals and did not wish to commit to any particular candidate. Though the Venetians indicated their support for Ottoboni, the republic had also managed to secure the support of
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for me the day is almost done!" Known to be an upright man who was generous and possessed a peaceful disposition, he held a profound compassion and attentiveness for the poor which was often squandered and abused by his nepotistic relatives upon whom he generously heaped riches that they, on their own behalf and to the discredit of his papacy, squandered for their own personal ends.
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Alexander VIII had died, in exchange for papal recognition of the right of the crown to administer to vacant dioceses. At the time as Louis XIV found his own political situation to be precarious, the monarch profited from the pope's peaceful dispositions while Louis XIV decided to renounce the long-abused right of asylum for the French embassy.
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proposals in 1682, Alexander VIII opted to name him a cardinal in an attempt to smooth over tense relations with King Louis XIV who had been on relatively poor terms with
Innocent XI. As a further overture to the French monarch, Alexander VIII also named two more French cardinals, a move that largely
663:
made certain that the
Imperial and Spanish factions would also support Ottoboni's candidacy. The determination to elect Ottoboni came conclusively when Ottoboni himself indicated that he was strongly in favor of reconciliation with the French, something that greatly appeased Louis XIV who had been in
667:
Old but of a strong constitution, Alexander VIII was said to be an able diplomat. During his brief pontificate he managed to destroy most of his predecessor's good work. All the money saved by
Innocent XI was spent on enriching the Ottoboni family and to a cardinal he said: "I have no time to lose;
703:
Reversing the economic policies of his immediate predecessor, Alexander VIII attempted to reduce the tax burden on the populace as a means of providing financial assistance to the more disadvantaged peoples. However, this backfired due to the pope's focus on large-scale charity initiatives and his
650:
rather than their true choice of
Ottoboni, hence, a case of misdirection to test whether or not the electors would consider the appointment of a Venetian to the papal throne. Though Barbarigo seemed to garner an exceptional number of votes which highlighted that a Venetian pontiff was indeed a
821:
Condemning the precepts of the
Gallican proposals which had been ratified in 1682, the pope attempted to try and mend the despairing relationship between the Holy See and the French which had been largely strained by his predecessor. Despite this, the proposals were revoked in 1693 only after
671:
Alexander VIII was almost an octogenarian when elected to the papacy, which lasted only sixteen months, during which time little of importance was done. Louis XIV, whose political situation was now critical, profited by the peaceful dispositions of the new pope, restored
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and saw the emperor withdraw his ambassador to the Holy See. Moreover, the pontiff was less concerned with the emperor's actions primarily because the emperor had primarily been indifferent to defending against the
Ottoman Empire in favor of hostility with the French.
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was made cardinal and vice-chancellor of the Church, nephew Marco, son of his brother
Agostino, was made inspector of naval fortifications and Duke of Fiano, and nephew Antonio, another of Agostino's children, was made general of the church. His nephew
688:
On 29 November 1690, the pontiff established that no more than ten thousand ducats could be spent on the funeral of a pope. That same year, he also forbade that any furnishings of the conclave could not be stripped to be sold for profit.
920:
On 16 October 1690, the day that he celebrated a canonization Mass, it was noticed that
Alexander VIII appeared to look relatively sluggish and hence seemed like he had fallen ill. While it was hypothesized that he may have had a minor
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informed King Louis XIV that the pope was seriously ill, and on 22 January, that his condition had dramatically deteriorated and that his nephew was pessimistic about his uncle's chances. On 27 January, it was reported that
741:, he sought to help them by reducing taxes. But this same generous nature led him to bestow on his relations the riches they were eager to accumulate; on their behalf, and to the discredit of his pontificate, he revived
334:, to implement austere measures to restore the papal coffers. Despite his brief papacy, during which little of importance was undertaken, Alexander VIII is known for having condemned the doctrines of the so-called
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in Rome. He would spend a quiet decade in his diocese. He opted to be
Cardinal-Priest of San Marco in 1660 and resigned as Bishop of Brescia in 1664. Ottoboni also opted to become Cardinal-Priest of
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to the cardinalate in 1690 despite his immediate predecessor having firmly refused to do so. While Innocent XI had refused to name him as a cardinal due to Forbin-Janson's support for the
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Charities on a large scale and unbounded nepotism exhausted the papal treasury, reversing the policies of his predecessor. Among the various nominations, his 22-year-old grandnephew
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in a restoration of nepotism that had not been seen in his predecessor's reign. Among those whom he named was Gianfrancesco Albani, the future
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had set in while Alexander VIII met with twelve cardinals on 30 January. Alexander VIII died at 4:00pm on 1 February 1691 while a
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appointed him to the cardinalate and in 1652 at the request of the Venetian government and he was made the Cardinal-Priest of
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753:. Alexander VIII assisted his native Venice by generous subsidies in the war against the Turks, as well as sending seven
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on 11 June 1690 which served as the beatification. On 16 October 1690, he canonized several saints: Ss.
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The pope created 14 cardinals in three consistories and elevated individuals such as his grandnephew
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Ottoboni was also the Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1687 to his pontifical election.
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offices which had been suppressed by Innocent XI. He bought the books and manuscripts of Queen
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1134: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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608:(1676–89); nevertheless, after months of negotiation Alexander VIII finally condemned the
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604:(1643–1715) succeeded in procuring his election on 6 October 1689, as the successor to
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Alexander VIII is known for having overturned many of the policies of his predecessor,
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was commissioned by his grandnephew, Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, and designed by Count
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On 30 March 1690, the pope established and confirmed the rights of the neophytes in
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Originally, the allies of Cardinal Flavio Chigi proposed a Venetian in the form of
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Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni (1667-1740) and the Vatican Tomb of Pope Alexander VIII
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Italian and Spanish Sculpture: Catalogue of the J. Paul Getty Museum Collection
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909:. The bas-relief at the base and the flanking figures (1704) were sculpted by
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on the reverse. Engraved by Antonio Travani, a goldsmith and medalist in Rome.
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schools. He also held three consistories that saw 14 new cardinals elevated.
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from Naples had spread to Rome, infecting the pope and hastening his death.
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1241:"Pope Alexander VIII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election"
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family, and was the youngest of nine children of Vittoria Tornielli and
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627:, who also had helped support his candidacy. Ottoboni was crowned as
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30:"Pietro Ottoboni" redirects here. For the cardinal of this name, see
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Peggy Fogelman; Peter Fusco; Marietta Cambareri (26 December 2002).
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in order to further enrich his family. Such nepotism exhausted the
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made in 1682 by the French clergy concerning the liberties of the
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He chose the pontifical name of "Alexander VIII" in gratitude to
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
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and civil law. Ottoboni went to Rome during the pontificate of
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Alexander VIII died on 1 February 1691. His grandiose tomb in
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17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Republic of Venice
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while also sending infantry for their campaign in Albania.
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His early studies were made with marked brilliance at the
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Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
1104:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 556.
793:
A Venetian himself, Alexander VIII largely supported the
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Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1336:
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The tomb of Alexander VIII in Saint Peter's Basilica.
737:. Out of compassion for the poor of the impoverished
772:
In 1690 he condemned the doctrines of the so-called
315:from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691.
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825:
143:
Cardinal-Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina (1687–1689)
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913:, while the bronze statue of the pope was cast by
1197:. Vol. 6. Spink & Son, LTD. p. 129.
584:Pope Alexander VIII depicted on a gold quadruple
6598:
6275:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
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303:; 22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born
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338:which was being taught in schools run by the
27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1689 to 1691
1401:Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
1380:Publications by or about Pope Alexander VIII
1343:"Pope Alexander VIII - Pietro Vito Ottoboni"
410:, and later was the governor of the cities
6290:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
6240:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
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5111:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
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1350:. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 27 June 2017
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398:where, in 1627, he earned a doctorate in
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1113:
1111:
1090:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
763:
579:
480:in 1677 and later as Cardinal-Priest of
437:
366:
1358:
941:
830:Alexander VIII confirmed the cultus of
757:and 2,000 infantry for the campaign in
426:. He also served as the auditor of the
14:
6599:
3570:
1432:6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691
1190:
676:to him, and renounced the long-abused
484:in 1680. He later became the Cardinal-
371:Cardinal Ottoboni before his election.
5252:
3170:
1449:
1194:Biographical Dictionary of Medallists
1108:
1060:
809:, donating enough food to fill seven
406:and served as the Referendary of the
1150:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
443:Portrait of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni
354:as a territory of the Papal States.
6144:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
3196:
1170:. Getty Publications. p. 224.
1048:Cardinals created by Alexander VIII
896:
864:Cardinals created by Alexander VIII
492:in 1683. His last swap was that of
24:
5699:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1320:John Paul Adams (11 August 2015).
1299:. American Philosophical Society.
1217:John Paul Adams (11 August 2015).
1140:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
664:a more conciliatory mood of late.
451:Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua
25:
6683:
1368:
783:
659:through their ambassadors, while
507:
6584:
6572:
6560:
6548:
6536:
6506:
6494:
5825:Fourth Council of Constantinople
5780:Second Council of Constantinople
5233:
5232:
5221:
5189:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
4737:Criticism of the Catholic Church
3148:
3137:
3136:
1129:
1078:
826:Beatifications and canonizations
534:
62:
6642:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica
6637:People of the Great Turkish War
5795:Third Council of Constantinople
5719:First Council of Constantinople
3356:First seven ecumenical councils
1313:
1286:
857:
449:(before 1689, Museo antoniano,
342:. Also during his papacy, King
330:, later forcing his successor,
6034:Dissolution of the monasteries
5300:History of the Catholic Church
3931:Separation of church and state
1264:
1255:
1233:
1210:
1201:
1184:
641:Basilica of Saint John Lateran
502:
13:
1:
6657:17th-century Italian nobility
5908:Fourth Council of the Lateran
5883:Second Council of the Lateran
5492:Apostles in the New Testament
1293:Olszewski, Edward J. (2004).
1053:
890:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
362:
6622:Cardinal-bishops of Frascati
6022:Catholic Counter-Reformation
5888:Third Council of the Lateran
5878:First Council of the Lateran
5334:Catholic ecumenical councils
946:Pope Alexander VIII was the
357:
285:Other popes named Alexander
7:
1041:
1020:Sebastiano Pisani (iuniore)
731:Cardinal Secretary of State
639:and took possession of the
468:in 1654 and later received
10:
6688:
6667:University of Padua alumni
6632:Cardinal-bishops of Sabina
5368:History of the Roman Curia
5228:Catholic Church portal
1274:. Encyclopaedia Britannica
881:Toussaint de Forbin-Janson
861:
683:
631:on 16 October 1689 by the
511:
434:Episcopate and cardinalate
387:, grand chancellor of the
32:Pietro Ottoboni (cardinal)
29:
6627:Cardinal-bishops of Porto
6489:
6389:
6255:
6182:
6117:
6104:European wars of religion
6001:
5936:
5838:
5760:
5651:
5574:
5434:
5423:
5415:Eastern Catholic Churches
5290:
5216:
5154:Aid to the Church in Need
5144:
5001:
4814:
4775:Vatican Television Center
4750:
4660:
4550:
4420:Eastern Catholic Churches
4401:
4290:
4183:
4130:
4055:
4026:
3951:
3876:
3811:
3756:
3675:
3545:
3459:
3391:
3336:
3255:
3232:
3204:
3132:
3059:
2999:
2938:
2929:
2743:
2457:
2056:
1760:
1554:
1487:
1434:
1425:
1417:
1410:
1359:Rendina, Claudio (1984).
1243:. Pickle Publishing. 2005
816:
788:
570:
562:
554:
542:
533:
520:
478:Santa Maria in Trastevere
322:, deciding to indulge in
283:
271:
251:
222:
217:
204:
191:
183:
178:
162:Santa Maria in Trastevere
124:Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina
116:
106:
96:
88:
80:
70:
61:
54:
41:
6235:Mary of the Divine Heart
5858:Clash against the empire
5810:Second Council of Nicaea
5704:Old St. Peter's Basilica
5096:Communion and Liberation
4560:Eastern Catholic liturgy
3725:Mystici Corporis Christi
3653:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
1361:I papi. Storia e segreti
680:for the French Embassy.
6501:Vatican City portal
5853:Investiture Controversy
5709:First Council of Nicaea
3911:Philosophy of canon law
3841:Mariology of the saints
3421:Investiture Controversy
2950:During the Roman Empire
1363:. Rome: Newton Compton.
1101:Encyclopædia Britannica
879:The pontiff also named
716:Financial controversies
600:The ambassador of King
6513:Catholicism portal
6324:Second Vatican Council
6210:Our Lady of La Salette
6017:Protestant Reformation
6004:Protestant Reformation
5923:Second Council of Lyon
5312:Ecclesiastical history
5164:Catholic Charities USA
4798:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4786:Vatican Polyglot Press
3836:Mariology of the popes
3474:Protestant Reformation
3155:Catholic Church Portal
3015:Conflicts with the HRE
1412:Catholic Church titles
1347:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
1272:"Alexander VIII, pope"
966:Carlo Cardinal Bonelli
769:
597:
470:episcopal consecration
464:. He was appointed as
462:San Salvatore in Lauro
454:
379:was born in 1610 of a
372:
300:
148:San Salvatore in Lauro
6220:First Vatican Council
5918:First Council of Lyon
5682:Constantine the Great
5378:Christian monasticism
4918:Good Shepherd Sisters
4760:Holy See Press Office
3998:Doctors of the Church
3831:Immaculate Conception
3786:Anointing of the Sick
3321:History of the papacy
2931:History of the papacy
1390:"Pope Alexander VIII"
1207:Olszewski E. page 13.
1147:Catholic Encyclopedia
1010:Pietro Leoni (bishop)
948:principal consecrator
907:Arrigo di San Martino
767:
637:Francesco Maidalchini
621:Cardinal Flavio Chigi
583:
441:
370:
6397:Sexual abuse scandal
6306:Mit brennender Sorge
6149:Age of Enlightenment
5928:Bernard of Clairvaux
5805:Byzantine Iconoclasm
5744:Council of Chalcedon
5524:Council of Jerusalem
5393:Role in civilization
5373:Religious institutes
5305:By country or region
4791:L'Osservatore Romano
4729:Role in civilisation
4455:Croatian and Serbian
4203:Episcopal conference
4165:St. Peter's Basilica
3523:Sexual abuse scandal
3479:Catholic Reformation
3093:Revolutionary Papacy
3087:Age of Enlightenment
1261:Olszewski E. page 5.
1000:Bartolomeo Gradenigo
984:Archbishop of Durrës
942:Episcopal succession
643:on 28 October 1689.
494:Porto e Santa Rufina
488:in 1681 and then to
305:Pietro Vito Ottoboni
227:Pietro Vito Ottoboni
199:Marcantonio Bragadin
6607:Pope Alexander VIII
6225:Papal infallibility
6215:Our Lady of Lourdes
6164:Shimabara Rebellion
6008:Counter-Reformation
5126:Neocatechumenal Way
5091:Charismatic Renewal
4805:Annuario Pontificio
4403:Particular churches
4079:Ecumenical councils
3851:Perpetual virginity
3686:Communitas perfecta
3630:Sermon on the Mount
2940:Antiquity and Early
2744:17th–21st centuries
2458:13th–16th centuries
1322:"Sede Vacante 1691"
1219:"SEDE VACANTE 1689"
1191:Forrer, L. (1916).
1142:Pope Alexander VIII
1004:Bishop of Concordia
990:Daniele Giustiniani
956:Giuseppe Zandemaria
840:Lorenzo Giustiniani
747:Christina of Sweden
727:Giambattista Rubini
696:in the papal brief
602:Louis XIV of France
527:Pope Alexander VIII
514:1689 papal conclave
474:church of San Marco
408:Apostolic Signatura
396:University of Padua
346:of France restored
293:Pope Alexander VIII
167:Cardinal-Priest of
160:Cardinal-Priest of
153:Cardinal-Priest of
146:Cardinal-Priest of
129:Cardinal-Bishop of
6652:17th-century popes
6270:Our Lady of Fátima
6059:Ignatius of Loyola
5983:Catherine of Siena
5951:Pope Boniface VIII
5770:Benedict of Nursia
5739:Council of Ephesus
5576:Ante-Nicene period
5529:Split with Judaism
5363:Crusading movement
4963:Premonstratensians
3346:Ante-Nicene period
3224:Lists of Catholics
3075:Reformation Papacy
3069:Renaissance Papacy
3011:(1012–1044 / 1048)
2964:Ostrogothic Papacy
2057:9th–12th centuries
1030:Raimondo del Pozzo
970:Titular Archbishop
960:Bishop of Piacenza
852:John of Capistrano
805:in Greece and the
795:Republic of Venice
770:
648:Gregorio Barbarigo
625:Pope Alexander VII
598:
588:from 1689. Saints
455:
389:Republic of Venice
373:
307:, was head of the
245:Republic of Venice
6521:
6520:
6481:COVID-19 pandemic
6459:Pope Benedict XVI
6364:Pope John Paul II
6139:Pope Benedict XIV
6125:French Revolution
6109:Thirty Years' War
6099:Robert Bellarmine
6084:John of the Cross
5988:Pope Alexander VI
5973:Council of Vienne
5903:Francis of Assisi
5893:Pope Innocent III
5762:Early Middle Ages
5756:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5694:Arian controversy
5647:
5646:
5595:Apostolic Fathers
5246:
5245:
4656:
4655:
4049:
3872:
3871:
3564:
3541:
3540:
3533:COVID-19 pandemic
3503:French Revolution
3493:Thirty Years' War
3401:Islamic conquests
3314:Apostolic fathers
3249:
3164:
3163:
3128:
3127:
3020:Wandering Papacy
2983:Saeculum obscurum
2956:Under Constantine
1761:5th–8th centuries
1555:1st–4th centuries
1539:papal resignation
1444:
1443:
1435:Succeeded by
1177:978-0-89236-689-7
1096:Alexander (popes)
994:Bishop of Bergamo
980:Nicolaus Carpenia
799:military campaign
774:philosophical sin
735:bishop of Vicenza
706:Great Turkish War
578:
577:
466:Bishop of Brescia
428:Sacred Roman Rota
420:Citta di Castello
336:philosophical sin
311:and ruler of the
290:
289:
16:(Redirected from
6679:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6565:
6564:
6553:
6552:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6532:
6511:
6510:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6476:Patriarch Kirill
6349:Pope John Paul I
6154:Anti-clericalism
6134:Pope Innocent XI
6054:Society of Jesus
6039:Council of Trent
5993:Age of Discovery
5938:Late Middle Ages
5840:High Middle Ages
5830:East–West Schism
5714:Pope Sylvester I
5660:
5659:
5649:
5648:
5559:General epistles
5554:Pauline epistles
5487:John the Baptist
5470:Great Commission
5432:
5431:
5383:Catholic culture
5273:
5266:
5259:
5250:
5249:
5236:
5235:
5226:
5225:
4968:Redemptoristines
4816:Religious orders
4742:Anti-Catholicism
4692:Church buildings
4552:Catholic liturgy
4292:Consecrated life
4150:Apostolic Palace
4117:Synod of Bishops
4053:
4052:
4029:
3635:Ten Commandments
3568:
3567:
3550:
3451:Age of Discovery
3285:Great Commission
3253:
3252:
3237:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3060:Early Modern and
2970:Byzantine Papacy
2936:
2935:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1418:Preceded by
1408:
1407:
1404:
1364:
1351:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1106:
1105:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1034:Bishop of Vieste
1024:Bishop of Verona
1014:Bishop of Ceneda
915:Giuseppe Bertosi
911:Angelo de' Rossi
897:Death and burial
776:, taught in the
698:Animarum salutes
623:, the nephew of
606:Pope Innocent XI
571:Posthumous style
538:
528:
523:
518:
517:
486:Bishop of Sabina
447:Ludovico Dorigny
340:Society of Jesus
279:
258:
236:
234:
218:Personal details
208:19 February 1652
205:Created cardinal
195:27 December 1654
117:Previous post(s)
66:
39:
38:
21:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6662:Ottoboni family
6597:
6596:
6595:
6585:
6583:
6573:
6571:
6559:
6547:
6537:
6535:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6517:
6505:
6495:
6493:
6485:
6407:World Youth Day
6385:
6374:World Youth Day
6318:Pacem in terris
6312:Pope John XXIII
6251:
6178:
6169:Edict of Nantes
6127:
6123:
6113:
6079:Teresa of Ávila
6074:Tridentine Mass
6010:
6006:
5997:
5978:Knights Templar
5932:
5834:
5790:Gregorian chant
5748:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5655:
5643:
5570:
5439:
5427:
5419:
5286:
5284:Catholic Church
5277:
5247:
5242:
5220:
5212:
5191:
5174:Relief Services
5140:
5086:Catholic Action
5076:Military orders
5013:Confraternities
5005:of the faithful
5004:
4997:
4819:
4810:
4746:
4652:
4546:
4405:
4397:
4330:Prior, Prioress
4286:
4179:
4175:Vatican Museums
4126:
4059:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4022:
3947:
3901:Social teaching
3868:
3807:
3752:
3707:One true church
3671:
3648:Sixtine Vulgate
3644:Official Bible
3558:
3554:
3549:
3537:
3455:
3387:
3332:
3302:Petrine primacy
3245:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3200:
3198:Catholic Church
3195:
3165:
3160:
3124:
3107:(1929–present)
3061:
3055:
3009:Tusculan Papacy
3001:
2995:
2976:Frankish Papacy
2941:
2925:
2739:
2453:
2052:
1756:
1550:
1483:
1481:Catholic Church
1474:
1440:
1431:
1423:
1388:
1375:Ottoboni family
1371:
1355:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1162:
1155:
1130:
1128:
1109:
1094:, ed. (1911). "
1079:
1077:
1076:
1061:
1056:
1044:
1039:
944:
899:
874:Pope Clement XI
870:Pietro Ottoboni
866:
860:
844:John of Sahagun
832:Kinga of Poland
828:
819:
791:
786:
751:Vatican Library
718:
686:
678:right of asylum
661:Cardinal Medici
563:Religious style
544:Reference style
526:
524:
522:Papal styles of
521:
516:
510:
505:
458:Pope Innocent X
436:
404:Pope Urban VIII
365:
360:
309:Catholic Church
301:Alessandro VIII
260:
256:
255:1 February 1691
247:
238:
232:
230:
229:
228:
209:
196:
174:
92:1 February 1691
75:Catholic Church
50:
47:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6685:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6594:
6593:
6581:
6569:
6557:
6545:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6503:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6404:
6399:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6314:
6309:
6302:
6297:
6295:Lateran Treaty
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6120:Baroque period
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6089:Peter Canisius
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6064:Francis Xavier
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6028:Exsurge Domine
6024:
6019:
6013:
6011:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5968:Pope Clement V
5965:
5964:
5963:
5961:Avignon Papacy
5956:Western Schism
5953:
5948:
5946:Thomas Aquinas
5942:
5940:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5800:Saint Boniface
5797:
5792:
5787:
5785:Pope Gregory I
5782:
5777:
5772:
5766:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5724:Biblical canon
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5678:
5676:
5657:
5653:Late antiquity
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5600:Pope Clement I
5590:Church Fathers
5587:
5581:
5579:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5446:
5444:
5429:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5351:Biblical canon
5346:Catholic Bible
5343:
5342:
5341:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5296:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5276:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5253:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5192:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5121:Legion of Mary
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5050:Lay Carmelites
5047:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5009:
5007:
4999:
4998:
4996:
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4955:
4950:
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4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4898:Conceptionists
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4833:Assumptionists
4829:
4827:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4762:
4756:
4754:
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4726:
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4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
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4689:
4684:
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4678:
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4664:
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4577:
4572:
4567:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4535:Syro-Malankara
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:Italo-Albanian
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4399:
4398:
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4279:
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4269:
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4232:
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4212:
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4210:
4205:
4194:
4192:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4155:Lateran Treaty
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
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4119:
4114:
4113:
4112:
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3891:Moral theology
3888:
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3413:
3408:
3406:Pope Gregory I
3403:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3378:Biblical canon
3375:
3373:Late antiquity
3370:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3317:
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3309:Church fathers
3306:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3243:Ecclesiastical
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3193:
3186:
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3146:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3102:
3099:Roman Question
3096:
3090:
3089:(c. 1640–1740)
3084:
3081:Baroque Papacy
3078:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3050:Western Schism
3047:
3044:Avignon Papacy
3041:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3018:
3012:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2990:Crescentii era
2987:
2979:
2973:
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2961:
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2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:Alexander VIII
2793:
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2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
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2179:Anastasius III
2176:
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2015:
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1395:Germania Sacra
1386:
1377:
1370:
1369:External links
1367:
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1312:
1305:
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1092:Chisholm, Hugh
1058:
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862:Main article:
859:
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784:Foreign policy
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710:Ottoman Empire
694:Southeast Asia
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512:Main article:
509:
508:Papal election
506:
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482:Santa Prassede
435:
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385:Marco Ottoboni
381:noble Venetian
364:
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328:papal treasury
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259:(aged 80)
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84:6 October 1689
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56:Bishop of Rome
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49:Alexander VIII
48:
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18:Alexander VIII
9:
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3:
2:
6684:
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6354:Mother Teresa
6352:
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6280:Pope Pius XII
6278:
6276:
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6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6246:Rerum novarum
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6230:Pope Leo XIII
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6200:United States
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6190:Pope Pius VII
6188:
6187:
6185:
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6175:
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5894:
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5879:
5876:
5874:
5873:Scholasticism
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5848:Pope Urban II
5846:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5831:
5828:
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5624:Justin Martyr
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5534:New Testament
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5497:Commissioning
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5441:Apostolic Age
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5327:Papal primacy
5325:
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5169:Home Missions
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5062:Saint Francis
5060:
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5045:Saint Dominic
5043:
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4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4858:Bethlehemites
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4780:Vatican Radio
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4765:Vatican Media
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:List of popes
4058:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3846:Mother of God
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:People of God
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:Infallibility
3717:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Body and soul
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3498:Enlightenment
3496:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3469:Protestantism
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:Scholasticism
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:Schism (1378)
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Schism (1054)
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:High and Late
2998:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Benedict XIII
2814:
2812:
2811:Innocent XIII
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:Alexander VII
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:Innocent VIII
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Callixtus III
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:Boniface VIII
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Celestine III
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Alexander III
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Anastasius IV
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Sylvester III
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Benedict VIII
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:Anastasius II
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:Pope emeritus
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:List of popes
1490:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1399:(in German).
1398:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1306:9780871692528
1302:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1242:
1236:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1136:public domain
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1087:public domain
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
988:
985:
981:
978:
975:
971:
967:
964:
961:
957:
954:
953:
951:
949:
939:
937:
933:
928:
927:Forbin Janson
924:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:Saint Peter's
894:
891:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
865:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:Pascal Baylon
833:
823:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
781:
779:
775:
766:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
713:
711:
707:
704:focus on the
701:
699:
695:
690:
681:
679:
675:
669:
665:
662:
658:
654:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
591:
587:
586:Italian scudo
582:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:Your Holiness
557:
553:
550:
547:
545:
541:
537:
532:
529:
519:
515:
500:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
452:
448:
444:
440:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
369:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:22 April 1610
225:
221:
216:
213:
207:
203:
200:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
122:
121:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
60:
57:
53:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6567:Christianity
6523:
6468:
6464:Pope Francis
6390:21st century
6339:Pope Paul VI
6316:
6304:
6257:20th century
6244:
6195:Pope Pius IX
6183:19th century
6159:Pope Pius VI
6026:
5898:Latin Empire
5868:Universities
5820:Pope Leo III
5687:Christianity
5672:state church
5664:Great Church
5465:Resurrection
5428:(30–325/476)
5425:Early Church
5410:Latin Church
5405:Papal States
5400:Vatican City
5208:Universities
5040:Third orders
5003:Associations
4993:Visitandines
4988:Trinitarians
4938:Mercedarians
4923:Hieronymites
4868:Camaldoleses
4853:Benedictines
4843:Augustinians
4803:
4796:
4789:
4770:Vatican News
4724:Distinctions
4530:Syro-Malabar
4415:Latin Church
4337:Grand master
4235:Metropolitan
4132:Vatican City
4027:Organisation
3906:Philosophers
3771:Confirmation
3748:In canon law
3742:Subsistit in
3740:
3736:Three states
3723:
3684:
3677:Ecclesiology
3659:Nova Vulgata
3657:
3615:Original sin
3610:Nicene Creed
3600:Divine grace
3559:
3441:Universities
3411:Papal States
3338:Great Church
3280:Resurrection
3257:Early Church
3153:
3141:
3111:World War II
3105:Vatican City
2981:
2952:(until 493)
2916:Benedict XVI
2911:John Paul II
2831:Clement XIII
2826:Benedict XIV
2801:Innocent XII
2795:
2735:Clement VIII
2710:Gregory XIII
2690:Marcellus II
2650:Alexander VI
2600:Innocent VII
2565:Benedict XII
2520:Nicholas III
2485:Alexander IV
2475:Celestine IV
2465:Honorius III
2449:Innocent III
2434:Gregory VIII
2394:Celestine II
2379:Callixtus II
2349:Alexander II
2274:Sylvester II
2254:Benedict VII
2214:Stephen VIII
2099:Benedict III
1953:Adeodatus II
1898:Boniface III
1752:Anastasius I
1438:Innocent XII
1426:
1397:people index
1393:
1360:
1345:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1315:
1295:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1266:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1212:
1203:
1193:
1186:
1166:
1145:
1099:
973:
945:
919:
900:
878:
867:
858:Consistories
829:
820:
792:
771:
739:Papal States
719:
708:against the
702:
697:
691:
687:
670:
666:
645:
618:
599:
555:Spoken style
549:His Holiness
525:
498:
456:
442:
393:
375:Pietro Vito
374:
332:Innocent XII
317:
313:Papal States
304:
292:
291:
272:Coat of arms
266:Papal States
257:(1691-02-01)
192:Consecration
111:Innocent XII
89:Papacy ended
81:Papacy began
36:
6617:1691 deaths
6612:1610 births
6555:Catholicism
6470:Laudato si'
6265:Pope Pius X
6094:Philip Neri
6069:Pope Pius V
6044:Thomas More
5913:Inquisition
5815:Charlemagne
5775:Monasticism
5585:Persecution
5477:Holy Spirit
5460:Crucifixion
5339:First seven
5198:Health care
5184:Pax Christi
5136:Schoenstatt
5101:Sant'Egidio
4933:Legionaries
4913:Franciscans
4888:Cistercians
4883:Carthusians
4838:Annonciades
4697:Altarpieces
4590:West Syriac
4585:East Syriac
4565:Alexandrian
4189:Holy orders
4170:Swiss Guard
4110:Dicasteries
4105:Roman Curia
4003:Evangelists
3961:Holy Family
3896:Personalism
3886:Natural law
3864:Josephology
3798:Holy orders
3436:Inquisition
3393:Middle Ages
3383:Monasticism
3351:Constantine
3275:Crucifixion
3119:(1945–1991)
3113:(1939–1945)
3101:(1870–1929)
3095:(1775–1848)
3083:(1585–1689)
3077:(1534–1585)
3071:(1417–1534)
3052:(1378–1417)
3046:(1309–1378)
3038:, 1228–1304
3032:, 1262–1297
3026:, 1257–1281
3017:(1048–1257)
3002:Middle Ages
2942:Middle Ages
2906:John Paul I
2881:Benedict XV
2861:Gregory XVI
2836:Clement XIV
2821:Clement XII
2791:Innocent XI
2730:Innocent IX
2725:Gregory XIV
2675:Clement VII
2605:Gregory XII
2595:Boniface IX
2575:Innocent VI
2550:Benedict XI
2540:Celestine V
2535:Nicholas IV
2530:Honorius IV
2480:Innocent IV
2439:Clement III
2389:Innocent II
2384:Honorius II
2374:Gelasius II
2354:Gregory VII
2344:Nicholas II
2304:Benedict IX
2249:Benedict VI
2224:Agapetus II
2199:Stephen VII
2174:Sergius III
2164:Benedict IV
2154:Theodore II
2139:Boniface VI
2038:Stephen III
2018:Gregory III
2008:Constantine
1973:Benedict II
1908:Adeodatus I
1903:Boniface IV
1883:Pelagius II
1843:Boniface II
1783:Celestine I
1722:Sylvester I
1707:Marcellus I
1702:Marcellinus
1637:Callixtus I
1622:Eleutherius
1597:Telesphorus
1587:Alexander I
1509:Papal names
1421:Innocent XI
1278:24 December
1225:24 December
1026:(1668); and
848:John of God
803:Peloponnese
633:protodeacon
610:declaration
566:Holy Father
503:Pontificate
320:Innocent XI
171:(1680–1681)
164:(1667–1680)
157:(1660–1667)
150:(1652–1660)
140:(1654–1664)
133:(1683–1687)
126:(1681–1683)
101:Innocent XI
97:Predecessor
6601:Categories
6343:coronation
6049:Pope Leo X
5634:Tertullian
5564:Revelation
5539:Background
4953:Oratorians
4908:Dominicans
4878:Carmelites
4873:Camillians
4821:institutes
4634:Tridentine
4570:Antiochian
4490:Macedonian
4435:Belarusian
4325:Provincial
4240:Archbishop
4160:Roman Rota
4122:Properties
4047:By country
4043:Precedence
4008:Confessors
3988:Archangels
3978:Patriarchs
3878:Philosophy
3856:Veneration
3821:Assumption
3791:Last rites
3758:Sacraments
3702:Four marks
3513:Vatican II
3461:Modern era
3297:Succession
3062:Modern Era
2992:(974–1012)
2896:John XXIII
2806:Clement XI
2781:Clement IX
2771:Innocent X
2766:Urban VIII
2761:Gregory XV
2685:Julius III
2620:Nicholas V
2585:Gregory XI
2570:Clement VI
2505:Innocent V
2495:Clement IV
2470:Gregory IX
2424:Lucius III
2404:Eugene III
2369:Paschal II
2359:Victor III
2339:Stephen IX
2324:Damasus II
2319:Clement II
2314:Gregory VI
2289:Sergius IV
2284:John XVIII
2234:Benedict V
2219:Marinus II
2144:Stephen VI
2124:Adrian III
2104:Nicholas I
2089:Sergius II
2084:Gregory IV
2064:Stephen IV
2028:Stephen II
2013:Gregory II
1933:Theodore I
1918:Honorius I
1913:Boniface V
1878:Benedict I
1868:Pelagius I
1853:Agapetus I
1813:Gelasius I
1803:Simplicius
1788:Sixtus III
1778:Boniface I
1768:Innocent I
1632:Zephyrinus
1546:Pope-elect
1522:non-extant
1247:6 February
1054:References
807:Aegean Sea
363:Early life
233:1610-04-22
212:Innocent X
184:Ordination
136:Bishop of
6543:Biography
6359:Communism
6329:Ecumenism
5675:(380–451)
5667:(180–451)
5656:(313–476)
5578:(100–325)
5194:See also:
5146:Charities
5055:Discalced
4983:Trappists
4978:Theatines
4948:Olivetans
4893:Clarisses
4863:Blue nuns
4848:Basilians
4825:societies
4733:See also:
4619:Mozarabic
4609:Ambrosian
4595:Malankara
4580:Byzantine
4540:Ukrainian
4515:Ruthenian
4480:Hungarian
4465:Ethiopian
4440:Bulgarian
4407:sui iuris
4391:Postulant
4300:Religious
4255:Auxiliary
4250:Coadjutor
4220:Patriarch
4088:Cardinals
4035:Canon law
4031:Hierarchy
4013:Disciples
3936:Relations
3924:Evolution
3915:See also:
3860:See also:
3813:Mariology
3803:Matrimony
3776:Eucharist
3697:Ecumenism
3625:Salvation
3561:Catechism
3556:Tradition
3518:Communism
3366:Chalcedon
2986:(904–964)
2978:(756–857)
2972:(537–752)
2966:(493–537)
2958:(312–337)
2856:Pius VIII
2786:Clement X
2720:Urban VII
2670:Adrian VI
2660:Julius II
2640:Sixtus IV
2615:Eugene IV
2560:John XXII
2555:Clement V
2525:Martin IV
2500:Gregory X
2429:Urban III
2414:Adrian IV
2399:Lucius II
2334:Victor II
2279:John XVII
2269:Gregory V
2244:John XIII
2129:Stephen V
2119:Marinus I
2114:John VIII
2109:Adrian II
2079:Valentine
2074:Eugene II
2069:Paschal I
2003:Sisinnius
1988:Sergius I
1923:Severinus
1888:Gregory I
1858:Silverius
1828:Hormisdas
1823:Symmachus
1808:Felix III
1742:Damasus I
1717:Miltiades
1692:Eutychian
1682:Dionysius
1677:Sixtus II
1672:Stephen I
1662:Cornelius
1582:Evaristus
1577:Clement I
1572:Anacletus
1502:canonised
1497:graphical
974:Corinthus
729:was made
635:Cardinal
496:in 1687.
358:Biography
344:Louis XIV
155:San Marco
107:Successor
6369:HIV/AIDS
5863:Crusades
5617:Irenaeus
5610:Ignatius
5605:Polycarp
5455:Ministry
5443:(30–100)
5317:Timeline
5238:Category
5131:Opus Dei
5116:Scouting
5106:Focolare
4973:Servites
4958:Piarists
4903:Crosiers
4639:Anglican
4575:Armenian
4505:Romanian
4495:Maronite
4470:Georgian
4460:Eritrean
4445:Chaldean
4430:Armenian
4425:Albanian
4306:Superior
4265:Emeritus
4245:Diocesan
4098:Advisers
4057:Holy See
3983:Prophets
3941:Politics
3712:Catholic
3692:Councils
3547:Theology
3426:Crusades
3361:Nicaea I
3292:Apostles
3270:Ministry
3239:Timeline
3219:Glossary
3143:Category
3117:Cold War
2891:Pius XII
2871:Leo XIII
2846:Pius VII
2715:Sixtus V
2680:Paul III
2655:Pius III
2610:Martin V
2590:Urban VI
2515:John XXI
2510:Adrian V
2490:Urban IV
2364:Urban II
2299:John XIX
2259:John XIV
2239:Leo VIII
2229:John XII
2134:Formosus
2043:Adrian I
1998:John VII
1948:Vitalian
1943:Eugene I
1938:Martin I
1893:Sabinian
1873:John III
1863:Vigilius
1838:Felix IV
1798:Hilarius
1747:Siricius
1737:Liberius
1732:Julius I
1712:Eusebius
1667:Lucius I
1627:Victor I
1612:Anicetus
1592:Sixtus I
1529:Antipope
1042:See also
932:gangrene
885:Gallican
749:for the
743:sinecure
616:church.
614:Gallican
490:Frascati
377:Ottoboni
352:Holy See
324:nepotism
197:by
131:Frascati
6579:History
6529:Portals
6334:Judaism
5734:Vulgate
5544:Gospels
5519:Stephen
5436:Origins
5356:Vulgate
5292:General
5282:of the
5280:History
5203:Schools
5159:Caritas
5067:Secular
5033:Workers
4928:Jesuits
4714:Museums
4709:Library
4687:Writers
4682:Artists
4662:Culture
4629:Paul VI
4510:Russian
4500:Melkite
4342:Brother
4320:General
4260:Titular
4230:Primate
4208:Eparchy
4198:Diocese
4145:Outline
4084:College
4074:Francis
4018:Virgins
3993:Martyrs
3919:Science
3826:History
3781:Penance
3766:Baptism
3667:Worship
3640:Vulgate
3588:Kingdom
3583:Trinity
3571:General
3326:Primacy
3234:History
3214:Outline
3036:Perugia
3030:Orvieto
3024:Viterbo
2921:Francis
2901:Paul VI
2886:Pius XI
2866:Pius IX
2851:Leo XII
2841:Pius VI
2700:Pius IV
2695:Paul IV
2635:Paul II
2630:Pius II
2580:Urban V
2264:John XV
2209:Leo VII
2204:John XI
2159:John IX
2149:Romanus
2048:Leo III
2023:Zachary
1993:John VI
1928:John IV
1848:John II
1773:Zosimus
1687:Felix I
1652:Anterus
1647:Pontian
1642:Urban I
1602:Hyginus
1479:of the
1328:7 March
1138::
1089::
1036:(1668).
1016:(1667);
1006:(1667);
996:(1664);
986:(1657);
976:(1656);
962:(1655);
811:galleys
797:in its
759:Albania
755:galleys
684:Reforms
674:Avignon
629:pontiff
472:in the
424:Spoleto
350:to the
348:Avignon
297:Italian
187:c. 1630
138:Brescia
6300:Nazism
6122:to the
5729:Jerome
5639:Origen
5322:Papacy
5081:Fimcap
5023:Marian
4943:Minims
4675:Marian
4525:Syriac
4520:Slovak
4450:Coptic
4386:Oblate
4381:Master
4376:Novice
4371:Hermit
4359:Sister
4315:Abbess
4282:Deacon
4277:Priest
4272:Parish
4215:Bishop
4185:Polity
3971:Joseph
3953:Saints
3620:Saints
3508:Nazism
2876:Pius X
2756:Paul V
2751:Leo XI
2705:Pius V
2329:Leo IX
2194:Leo VI
2189:John X
2094:Leo IV
2033:Paul I
1978:John V
1968:Leo II
1963:Agatho
1833:John I
1657:Fabian
1607:Pius I
1517:extant
1513:Tombs
1324:. CSUN
1303:
1221:. CSUN
1174:
1083:
936:plague
923:stroke
888:irked
817:France
789:Venice
778:Jesuit
722:Pietro
657:Vienna
653:Madrid
241:Venice
179:Orders
71:Church
6672:Popes
6591:Italy
6402:Islam
5670:Roman
5629:Canon
5502:Peter
5450:Jesus
5179:CIDSE
5028:Youth
4752:Media
4719:Music
4644:Zaire
4624:Roman
4614:Braga
4604:Latin
4475:Greek
4347:Friar
4311:Abbot
4225:Major
4140:Index
4039:Laity
3605:Dogma
3552:Bible
3528:Islam
3484:Trent
3265:Jesus
3247:Legal
3209:Index
2665:Leo X
2184:Lando
2169:Leo V
1983:Conon
1958:Donus
1793:Leo I
1697:Caius
1617:Soter
1567:Linus
1562:Peter
1477:Popes
1384:VD 17
590:Peter
416:Rieti
412:Terni
400:canon
6452:2023
6447:2019
6442:2016
6437:2013
6432:2011
6427:2008
6422:2005
6417:2002
6412:2000
6379:1995
5549:Acts
5512:Paul
5507:John
5482:Mary
4704:Folk
4352:Monk
4093:List
4071:Pope
3966:Mary
1727:Mark
1428:Pope
1330:2022
1301:ISBN
1280:2022
1249:2015
1227:2022
1172:ISBN
950:of:
850:and
733:and
655:and
594:Paul
592:and
574:None
422:and
262:Rome
252:Died
223:Born
44:Pope
5438:and
5388:Art
5018:Lay
4670:Art
4364:Nun
4086:of
3578:God
1382:at
1144:".
1098:".
972:of
445:by
210:by
6603::
4823:,
4313:,
1392:.
1156:^
1110:^
1062:^
1032:,
1022:,
1012:,
1002:,
992:,
982:,
968:,
958:,
917:.
876:.
854:.
846:,
842:,
838:,
761:.
700:.
430:.
418:,
414:,
391:.
299::
264:,
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5272:e
5265:t
5258:v
4818:,
4302::
4191:)
4187:(
4064:)
4060:(
3190:e
3183:t
3176:v
1469:e
1462:t
1455:v
1403:.
1332:.
1309:.
1282:.
1251:.
1229:.
1180:.
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295:(
235:)
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