28:
743:, Andreas tells no one else about it and drinks the water for himself. He also stores away some of the water into a silver vessel, hoping to use some of it to seduce Alexander's daughter. Meanwhile, Alexander eventually reaches the Land of the Blessed but is unable to enter it. At the same time, he learns of Andreas losing the fish and questions him over it. Andreas confesses about what happened with the fish, and he is whipped for it, but he denies that he drank any and does not mention that he stored some, and asks Alexander over why he should worry about the past. At a later point, Andreas manages to use the water to seduce Alexander's daughter, who is enticed by the opportunity to drink from it, which she does and becomes immortal. Alexander learns of the miracle and punishes both Andreas and his daughter greatly: for Andreas is turned into a
44:
1164:
2248:
350:
616:
2650:
4358:. Though the Alexander Romance was decisive for the spreading of the new and supernatural image of Alexander the king in East and West, the barrier episode has not its origin in this text. The fusion of the motif of Alexander's barrier with the Biblical tradition of the apocalyptic peoples Gog and Magog appears in fact for the first time in the so called
1208:(4th century), as well as an Armenian version (5th century). The β recension was likely composed between 300 and 550 AD. A combination of α and some material from β was used to create the ε recension in the 8th century. Furthermore, the β and ε recensions were combined to generate the much larger γ recension later still.
561:, though the story now delves into more campaigns in Greece. The Persian march resumes and eventually Alexander conquers the Persians. He marries Roxane, the daughter of Darius, and writes letters to Olympias describing all he saw and his adventures during his conquests, including his wandering through the
588:(the figure ruling Macedonia in Alexander's stead during the journeys of the latter) who was sent to poison Alexander. The conspiracy succeeds, and Alexander begins to die, though he names the rulers who will control the provinces of his empire after he is gone before ultimately succumbing to the poison.
2084:
and can be found in the MS Ashmole 44 and in the Dublin
Trinity College MS 213. Although both manuscripts are incomplete they supplement each other fairly well. In this version much space is given to letters and prophecies, which often bear a moralizing and philosophical tenor. The letters are an
2063:, a people of philosophers who shun all worldly lusts, ambitions and entertainments. In this respect their way of life resembles the ideal of an aescetic life, which was also preached by medieval monastic orders, such as the Franciscans. The source of Alexander B again is the I²-recension of the
1129:
The legendary
Alexander was also widely assimilated into the religion and culture of those who wrote about him: in Christian legends, Alexander became a Christian; in Islamic legends, Alexander became a Muslim; he was an Egyptian for the Egyptian, a Persian for the Persians, and so forth.
739:. On the way to the Land, Alexander becomes hungry and asks one of his cooks, Andreas, to get him some meat. Andreas gets some fish and begins to wash it in a fountain. Immediately upon being washed, the fish sprang to life and escaped into the fountain. Realizing the has discovered the
533:. She becomes pregnant but Philip's suspicions are allayed by a magic sea-hawk that Nectanebo sends to him in a dream. Alexander is born from this pregnancy, but while he is growing up he kills Nectanebo, who reveals Alexander's paternity as he dies. Alexander begins to be educated by
2365:, was composed around 1100, representing the first complete vernacular version of the Romance in a European vernacular. It includes episodes such as Alexander's visit to Jerusalem, talking trees, encounters with Dindimus, and more. Two sources the author identified for his work were
876:
is that of
Richard Stoneman in 1991. Significant French translations include those of Tallet-Bonvalot in 1994, and Bounoure & Serret in 2004. An Italian translation was produced by Franco in 2001. In 2010, a Polish translation was published by Krzysztof Nawotka.
682:" (βασιλέα κερασφόρον) by an oracle instructing Ptolemy, a general of Alexander, on where to bury him. This statement was repeated in the Armenian recension of the Alexander Romance in the 5th century. The use of the horned motif, representing the horns of
1183:
are the α, β, γ and ε recensions. There is also a variant of β called λ, and the now-lost δ was perhaps the most important in the transmission of the text into the non-Greek world as it was the basis of the 10th-century Latin translation produced by
2909:
have not survived, that they existed is known; it is thought that two versions existed. The earlier came into existence between the fourth and seventh centuries and its influence is detectable in extant
Georgian texts such as
2579:
language between the 14th and 16th centuries was produced as a translation of an intermediary 9th-century Arabic text of what ultimately goes back to the Syriac recension. The
Ethiopic version also integrates motifs from the
5515:
Moreover, the integration of the Gog and Magog episode based on the
Christian Syriac Alexander Legend, the allusions to the principle of Trinity, and many other signs determine the text as a Christianized revision of the
643:
causes the mountains to draw nearer, thus narrowing the pass. There he builds the
Caspian Gates out of bronze, coating them with fast-sticking oil. The gates enclosed twenty-two nations and their monarchs, including
3197:
Several more
Persian Alexander romances are only known by name as attested in bibliographical inventories, brief allusions in some scholarly works, manuscript catalogues, and literary histories. These include the
544:
After Philip dies, Alexander begins his campaigns into Asia, although the story is written in a confused manner with respect to the order and location of the campaigns. Once he reaches Egypt, an oracle of the god
453:
underwent more than 100 translations, elaborations, and derivations in 25 languages, including almost all
European vernaculars as well as in every language from the Islamicized regions of Asia and Africa, from
2723:, MS 145. These may represent a single translation in different versions or else two translations, with the Paris version having been used to complete the London. The translator (or one of them) may have been
2928:-era Georgian chronicler. Legends of Alexander would continue to influence varieties of Georgian literature from the twelfth to fourteenth centuries. Later, in the eighteenth century, the 18th-century king
2642:
2547:
1767:
1686:
830:. By contrast, oral tradition did not play an important role. A strikingly close parallel to Alexander's relentless quest, though one limited by the constraints of human and mortal existence, is in the
911:
experienced numerous expansions and revisions exhibiting a variability unknown for more formal literary forms. Distinctively, and unlike other texts, none of the recensions (including in Greek) of the
648:(therein called "Goth and Magoth"). The geographic location of these mountains is rather vague, described as a 50-day march away northwards after Alexander put to flight his Belsyrian enemies (the
2302:, completed in the fourteenth century. It is known from eleven Serbian and Bulgarian manuscripts, the first extant one dating to the fifteenth century, and follows the Greek λ recension of the
2534:
4890:
Caughey, Anna (2010). "'A1s for the worthyness of be romance': Exploitation of Genre in the Buik of Kyng
Alexander the Conquerour". In Ashe, Laura; Djordjević, Ivana; Weiss, Judith (eds.).
1853:
2633:
2269:
3194:) compiled by Manuchehr Hakim, who is potentially to be identified with the 17th century Safavid prince Manuchehr Qare-chaqâi Khân. This figure may be the patron or author of the text.
5933:
Daneshgar, Majid (2019). "Dhu l-Qarnayn in Modern Malay Qurʾānic Commentaries and Other Literature on Qurʾānic Themes". In Daneshgar, Majid; Riddell, Peter G.; Rippin, Andrew (eds.).
2981:
596:
where the priests order it to be sent to Alexandria, the greatest city he had built during his march. The work concludes by providing a list of all the cities that Alexander founded.
2897:
traditions, which existed in written form perhaps as early as 275 BC. It has been edited and published by Oscar von Lemm. Several fragments of it have been collected and translated.
3158:
2021:, of which it is believed to be one of the oldest remaining poems. It has been preserved in a school notebook dating from 1600. Alexander A deals with the begetting of Alexander by
3186:
822:(c. 300 BC), containing an already mythologized account of Alexander. Historians also suspect the use of Greek-language Egyptian sources underlying traditions about the pharaohs
2315:
1755:
2738:
directly from Latin into Hebrew. This is found today only in the manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Héb. 750.3, but an illuminated copy once resided in the
701:
were the earliest produce coinage of Alexander with the rams horns. The motif would be carried over into later Alexander legends, such as the Armenian translation of α and the
326:
1460:, which was based on Leo's earlier version. It went through three recensions between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries and made Alexander a household name throughout the
6035:
1604:
576:
from which he writes letters to Aristotle, though he also receives an omen about his coming death in this time. He visits the temples of the sun and moon, and makes the
5276:
C.W. Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina (2016). "A Hero Without Borders: 2 Alexander the Great in the Syriac and Arabic Tradition". In Cupane, Carolina; Krönung, Bettina (eds.).
3142:
2489:
known from one 18th-century manuscript from Timbuktu, whose manuscript was recently edited and published in an Arabic edition and French translation by Bohas and Sinno.
2794:), which may be completely independent of Pseudo-Callisthenes. The text is commonly attributed in its provenance to north Mesopotamia around 629-630 AD, shortly after
2154:
1884:
1810:
1775:
1528:
5497:
Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina C.W. (2003). "Alexander the Flexible Friend: Some Reflections on the Representation of Alexander the Great in the Arabic Alexander Romance".
2357:
1840:
2208:
2089:
the hero is endowed with superhuman qualities, which shows in the romance insofar as his enemies fall to him by the dozens and he is always at the center of action.
2047:
1642:
1559:
979:
2972:
2001:
1827:
1623:
3771:
Casari, Mario (2012). "The King Explorer: A Cosmographic Approach to the Persian Alexander". In Stoneman, Richard; Erickson, Kyle; Netton, Ian Richard (eds.).
1579:
1523:
736:
1780:
2298:
374:
5184:: "It is generally agreed both by Muslim commentators and modéra occidental scholars that Dhu ’l-Ḳarnayn is to be identified with Alexander the Great."
3051:. It involves a lengthy story about Alexander which acts as the bridge-point between the mythological to historical realms of Ferdowsi's larger narrative.
2409:. The names Alexander and Dhu al-Qarnayn were widely merged in subsequent Muslim literature when describing the legends and accomplishments of the former.
427:, a "lengthy prose narrative of a complex and fictional character" (although Alexander's historicity did not deter ancient authors from using this term).
2072:
1696:
6851:, an exhibition catalog from the Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on the Alexander Romance (nos. 5-7)
4671:
Maddox, Donald; Sturm-Maddox, Sara (2002). "Introduction: Alexander the Great in the French Middle Ages". In Maddox, Donald; Sturm-Maddox, Sara (eds.).
4354:
The episode of Alexander's building a wall against Gog and Magog, however, is not found in the oldest Greek, Latin, Armenian and Syriac versions of the
2230:
1845:
1628:
1567:
1302:
3169:
1832:
1743:
1738:
1584:
1192:, is the oldest and can be dated to the 3rd century AD. It is known from one manuscript, called A. It was subjected to various revisions during the
3151:
1722:
1671:
1595:
791:, the Polar constellation, he is to find the Land of the Blessed at the edge of the world which in "a region where the sun does not shine" (2.39).
1727:
430:
It was widely copied and translated, accruing various legends and fantastical elements at different stages. The original version was composed in
340:
6876:
27:
3234:
is the oldest surviving work of Ottoman historiography. It is usually thought to have been composed between 1402 and 1411 and is dedicated to
2043:, the adverse remarks, which are typical of Orosius, however have been omitted by the poet, whose main concern is Alexander's heroic conduct.
282:
85:
1278:
e cod. Vat. gr. 1700, 88v‑89r: G. Ballaira, "Frammenti inediti della perduta recensione δ del romanzo di Alessandro in un codice Vaticano",
2056:
1815:
1714:
498:. Owing to the great variety of distinct works derived from the original Greek romance, the "Alexander romance" is sometimes treated as a
1428:
5393:
Chism, Christine (2016). "Facing The Land Of Darkness: Alexander, Islam, And The Quest For The Secrets Of God". In Stock, Markus (ed.).
2858:, is typically dated to the fifth century. In 1969, a translation of the Armenian recension was published by Albert Mugrdich Wolohojian.
1878:
between the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. In 1833, the Romanian legend was translated into Bulgarian in a copy of an earlier work,
2085:
integral part of the Pseudo-Callisthenes tradition. The dominant theme is pride, which inevitably results in the downfall of kings. In
1572:
335:
678:, Alexander's father is an Egyptian priest named Nectanebo who sports a set of ram horns. After his death, Alexander is described as "
2542:), translated into Arabic by the Melkite bishop Yuwāsif ibn Suwaydān (c. 1669) from the Byzantine ζ-recension of Pseudo-Callisthenes.
2127:
940:, which went through three recensions between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries and made Alexander a household name throughout the
3720:
3693:
367:
2387:
1655:
6848:
2080:, is the longest of the alliterative versions of the Middle English Alexander Romances. It goes back to the I³-recension of the
915:
can be considered canonical. Furthermore, translations were not merely so but were also typically variant versions of the text.
7062:
230:
6683:
2920:. The second was produced sometime between the ninth to twelfth centuries, and fragments of it were kept by the chronicler of
401:
describes Alexander the Great from his birth, to his succession of the throne of Macedon, his conquests including that of the
6833:
6803:
6784:
6755:
6432:
6393:
6363:
6326:
6245:
6069:
6020:
5942:
5917:
5836:
5778:
5733:
5703:
5666:
5606:
5437:
5402:
5372:
5335:
5310:
5285:
5260:
5166:
5054:
5029:
4939:
4901:
4865:
4840:
4815:
4790:
4765:
4740:
4707:
4680:
4655:
4630:
4605:
4568:
4479:
4347:
4319:
4251:
4226:
4191:
4149:
4107:
4082:
4042:
4014:
3989:
3959:
3931:
3906:
3864:
3825:
3782:
3755:
3730:
3703:
3571:
3467:
3413:
3355:
2422:, or "The story of Alexander and the wonderful things it contains") is a late eighth or early ninth-century recension of the
810:. One was a collection of Alexander fictions involving pseudepigraphical letters between Alexander and other figures such as
314:
287:
2663:
1963:, where the monk apologizes to the pilgrimage group for treating a material so well known. There are five major romances in
1518:
Alexander romances. The following list of works is taken from the one provided by Donald Maddox and Sara Sturm-Maddox 2002.
4592:
Wulfram, Hartmut (2018). "Intertextuality through translation: the foundation of Alexandria and Virgil in Julius Valerius'
3041:
2885:
from the Greek was already being revised in the sixth century. A fragmentary manuscript, originally 220 pages long, in the
3634:
3546:
360:
6796:
Alexander Magnus Arabicus: A Survey of the Alexander Tradition Through Seven Centuries: from Pseudo-Callisthenes to Ṣūrī
6462:
Alexander Magnus Arabicus: A Survey of the Alexander Tradition Through Seven Centuries: from Pseudo-Callisthenes to Ṣūrī
3655:"Survival and Christianization of the Gilgamesh Quest for Immortality in the Tale of Alexander and the Fountain of Life"
2716:
2651:
History of the Blessed Men who lived in the Days of Jeremiah the Prophet and the Account of the Vision of Abbâ Gerâsimus
2157:
some fifty years earlier. It does not directly survive but in a version of it, close to the original, produced by Vorau.
6869:
5724:
Stoneman, Richard (2011). "Primary sources from the classical and early medieval periods". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
5045:
Stoneman, Richard (2011). "Primary sources from the classical and early medieval periods". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
3980:
Stoneman, Richard (2022). "Introduction: Formation and Diffusion of the Alexander Legend". In Stoneman, Richard (ed.).
2319:. In the 13th century, a translation from an Alexander legend either in Latin or Italian was made to produce the first
1404:
1205:
963:
5586:
4171:
686:
to visualize Alexander stems from much earlier, originally in coinage depicting Alexander by his immediate successors
6715:
6630:
6615:
6600:
6480:
5937:. Routledge studies in the Quran (First issued in paperback ed.). London New York: Routledge. pp. 212–228.
5418:
Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina (2020-07-20), "Gog and Magog Crossing Borders: Biblical, Christian and Islamic Imaginings",
3518:
2218:
174:
124:
3777:. Ancient Narrative. Supplementum. Groningen: Barkhuis Publishing & Groningen University Library. p. 179.
3129:
3091:
2911:
2759:
in Syriac, and they have been often mistaken with one another. All four were translated in the same 1889 volume by
993:
Translations from Leo's Latin version and its recension would subsequently be made into all the major languages of
6710:
Gosman, Martin, "La légende d'Alexandre le Grand dans la littérature française du douzième siècle", Rodopi, 1997.
2865:
produced between the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. The earliest manuscript is called San Lazzaro MS 424 (see
6588:
Favager, D.J. (translator) The Romance of Alexander of Alexandre de Paris (abbreviated translation) Kindle (2021)
2720:
1638:
of Alexandre de Paris, composed c. 1185 (not to be confused by the work of the same name by Alexandre de Barnay).
423:
96:
4964:
4219:
Scandinavia and the Balkans: cultural interactions with Byzantium and Eastern Europe in the first Millennium AD
3309:
1399:
1312:
160:
143:
101:
6143:
Gaullier-Bougassas, Catherine; Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina (2022). "Alexander the Great in Medieval Literature".
5479:
Gaullier-Bougassas, Catherine; Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina (2022). "Alexander the Great in Medieval Literature".
5452:
Gaullier-Bougassas, Catherine; Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina (2022). "Alexander the Great in Medieval Literature".
7067:
6862:
3294:
1663:
298:
20:
5255:. AAR reflection and theory in the study of religion. New York (N.Y.): Oxford University Press. p. 77.
3806:
Casari, Mario (2011-04-15), "Nizāmī's Cosmographic Vision and Alexander in Search of the Fountain of Life",
997:
as versions of the Alexander romance became the most popular form of medieval European literature after the
7057:
5020:
Ashurst, David; Vitti, Franceso (2011). "Alexander Literature in Scandinavia". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
566:
267:
6696:
Gosman, Martin, "Le roman de toute chevalerie et le public visé: la légende au service de la royauté". In
2401:
is generally seen in tradition and among contemporary historians to represent an allusive synopsis of the
2025:(Nectanebus), his birth, and his early years, and ends with the midst of the account of Philip's siege of
818:, as well as dialogues with Indian philosophers among other material. The second was a history written by
4781:
Morosini, Roberta; Vitti, Franceso (2011). "The Alexander Romance in Italy". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
4756:
Morosini, Roberta; Vitti, Franceso (2011). "The Alexander Romance in Italy". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
4731:
Morosini, Roberta; Vitti, Franceso (2011). "The Alexander Romance in Italy". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
4077:. Routledge research in art history. New York London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 22.
3395:
2947:
1096:
recensions of the Alexander legend were generated following the Syriac traditions, including versions in
522:
272:
5750:
5353:"Modelling Prophets: Alexander the Great as a Proto-Sufi Saint-King in Thaʿlabi's Lives of the Prophets"
5206:"Narratives of "the Companions of the Cave," Moses and His Servant, and Dhū 'l-Qarnayn in Sūrat al-Kahf"
3844:
1352:
Recensio E (cod. Eton College 163), vernacular: V.L. Konstantinopulos and A.C. Lolos, Ps.-Kallisthenes,
7052:
7047:
4129:
3722:
Islam, the Ancient Near East and Varieties of Godlessness: Collected Studies in Three Volumes, Volume 3
3695:
Islam, the Ancient Near East and Varieties of Godlessness: Collected Studies in Three Volumes, Volume 3
2850:
2695:
2596:
193:
5074:
4496:
2694:
A literal and slightly abridged translation from the original Greek is found in the manuscript Parma,
409:
is mostly fantastical, including many miraculous tales and encounters with mythical creatures such as
43:
7077:
6551:
2059:
and consists of five letters which are passed between Alexander and Dindimus, who is the king of the
1667:, by an anonymous author, the most popular Old French version, composed sometime in the 13th century.
1331:
Recensio F (cod. Flor. Laurentianus Ashburn 1444), vernacular: V.L. Konstantinopulos and A.C. Lolos,
639:). The mountains are initially 18 feet apart and the pass is rather wide, but Alexander's prayers to
319:
5910:
Islamic legends concerning Alexander the Great: taken from two medieval Arabic manuscripts in Madrid
5328:
Islamic legends concerning Alexander the Great: taken from two medieval Arabic manuscripts in Madrid
75:
6984:
6547:
6343:
5683:
3026:
2769:
2479:
2346:
spread into Russia from the fifteenth century onwards, translated from the earlier Serbian version.
2335:. By the 17th century, it was circulating in both Bulgarian and Romanian translations. The Russian
2099:
1119:
1062:
393:, once described as "antiquity's most successful novel", is an account of the life and exploits of
6844:Милетич, Любомир. Една българска Александрия от 1810 год. (= Български старини, XIII). София, 1936
5795:
5684:"'This Shocking Lobster': Understanding the Fantastic Creatures of the Armenian Alexander Romance"
1280:
Bollettino del comitato per la preparazione dell'edizione nazionale dei classici greci e latini 13
7072:
6823:
6116:
6001:
Wieringa, E. (2011-09-30), "Juja-Makjuja as the Antichrist in a Javanese End-of-Time Narrative",
4340:
Gog and Magog in Early Eastern Christian and Islamic Sources: Sallam's Quest for Alexander's Wall
3104:
3068:
2866:
2786:
2582:
2516:
2452:
2423:
2406:
2094:
1072:
703:
406:
165:
2781:
of Pseudo-Callisthenes and the most influential of the Syriac versions of the Alexander legends.
2251:
17th-century manuscript of an Alexandrine novel (Russia): Alexander exploring the depths of sea.
1874:, was derived from a Greek and Serbian variant and became the most widely-read literary text in
421:
refers not to the meaning of the word in modern times but in the Old French sense of a novel or
6945:
6507:
6489:
Casari, Mario (2023). "The Alexander Legend in Persian Literature". In Mohsen, Ashtiany (ed.).
4600:. Ancient narrative. Groningen: Barkhuis & Groningen University Library. pp. 169–188.
2739:
1123:
249:
153:
134:
129:
6819:
3508:
2194:
1481:
955:
7082:
6978:
6838:
6319:
The sons of Bayezid: empire building and representation in the Ottoman civil war of 1402-1413
4522:"From Jerusalem to Timbuktu: the appropriation of Alexander the Great by national narratives"
2115:
1784:
1515:
1464:. The three recensions are called I, I, and I (also called J, J, and J in some publications).
1168:
1011:
944:, being translated more times in the next three centuries than any other text except for the
779:
contains a few statements that would develop into the fully-fledged myths of episodes in the
538:
6648:
6049:
5352:
4896:. Studies in medieval romance. Cambridge, UK; Rochester, NY: D.S. Brewer. pp. 139–158.
4470:
Kotar, Peter Christos (2011). "The Ethiopic Alexander Romance". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
2798:
defeated the Persians, though more recent suggestions place it in the mid-6th century under
6703:
Gosman, Martin, "Le roman d'Alexandre et les "juvenes": une approche socio-historique". In
6682:. Annali di Scienze Religiose 1, Brepols Publishers 2008, ISSN 2031-5929, p. 255-289 (
3235:
2018:
1922:
1539:
962:
were still known: an abridged 9th-century version of the much earlier Latin translation by
530:
6498:
Dowden, Ken (2019). "Pseudo-Callisthenes: The Alexander Romance". In Reardon, B.P. (ed.).
5024:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 315–328.
4934:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 291–314.
4860:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 231–254.
4856:
Zuwiyya, Z. David (2011). "The Alexander Tradition in Spain". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
4378:
2507:
2502:, is another Hispano-Arabic version of the Alexander legend. It dates to the 15th century.
1921:. This is an obscure Spanish version, only having been discovered an edition of Part 4 of
8:
6939:
6906:
6885:
6843:
5804:
5658:
4311:
2956:
2921:
2525:
2520:
2444:
2331:. and it went on to become the basis for adaptations of Alexander legends throughout the
2260:
2120:
2031:
1976:
1709:
1552:
1456:
936:
900:
394:
179:
58:
6732:(Munich, 1977). Cf. his and Stanley Burstein's discussions of the epigraphical fragment
5882:
5648:
5112:
4301:
1822:. It was fairly popular, as indicated by the survival of twenty manuscripts of the work.
631:
locates the Gates of Alexander between two mountains called the "Breasts of the North" (
7021:
6644:
6555:
6535:
6344:"Bringing the Past Together: Ahmedi's Narrative of Ottoman History and Two Later Texts"
6195:
5983:
5630:
The History of Alexander the Great, being the Syriac version of the Pseudo-Callisthenes
5233:
5049:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 7–10.
4997:
4880:
In medieval orthography, "king" could be "kyng" and "Alisaunder" could be "Alysaunder".
4456:
The History of Alexander the Great, being the Syriac version of the Pseudo-Callisthenes
4435:
4183:
3674:
3615:
3350:. Penguin classics. London, England; New York, NY, USA: Penguin Books. pp. 11–23.
3304:
3299:
3266:
2760:
2708:
2494:
2431:
2414:
2132:
2014:
1906:
1879:
1448:
1185:
1054:
1025:
930:
while he was on a diplomatic missions. He produced a translation into Latin titled the
923:
679:
669:
610:
277:
212:
5828:
5771:
Gog and Magog in early syriac and islamic sources: Sallam's quest for Alexander's wall
5598:
5303:
Gog and Magog in early syriac and islamic sources: Sallam's quest for Alexander's wall
4930:
Buschinger, Danielle (2011). "German Alexander Romances". In Zuwiyya, Z. David (ed.).
4075:
The visual legacy of Alexander the Great from the Renaissance to the age of revolution
3021:
934:, which became the basis of the far more successful and expanded version known as the
7005:
6923:
6912:
6854:
6799:
6780:
6751:
6711:
6626:
6611:
6596:
6567:
6515:
6491:
Persian narrative poetry in the classical era, 800-1500: romantic and didactic genres
6476:
6438:
6428:
6389:
6359:
6322:
6251:
6241:
6240:. Classical presences. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 107.
6065:
6016:
5975:
5938:
5913:
5890:
5832:
5799:
5774:
5729:
5699:
5662:
5602:
5433:
5398:
5368:
5331:
5306:
5281:
5256:
5237:
5225:
5162:
5120:
5090:
5050:
5025:
4989:
4960:
4955:
Wolf, Kirsten (1993). "Alexanders saga". In Pulsiano, Phillip; Wolf, Kirsten (eds.).
4935:
4907:
4897:
4861:
4836:
4811:
4786:
4761:
4736:
4713:
4703:
4676:
4651:
4626:
4601:
4574:
4564:
4475:
4474:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 167.
4427:
4343:
4315:
4247:
4246:. Penguin classics. London, England; New York, NY, USA: Penguin Books. pp. 7–8.
4222:
4187:
4145:
4103:
4100:
The new historians of the twelfth-century Renaissance: inventing vernacular authority
4078:
4038:
4010:
3985:
3984:. Cambridge, United Kingdom; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–8.
3955:
3927:
3902:
3860:
3845:"Facing The Land Of Darkness: Alexander, Islam, And The Quest For The Secrets Of God"
3821:
3788:
3778:
3751:
3726:
3699:
3666:
3607:
3567:
3514:
3463:
3462:. Penguin classics. London, England; New York, NY, USA: Penguin Books. pp. 5–7.
3409:
3351:
3270:
2929:
2819:
2724:
2273:, full title being "The Kingdom of Alexander from Macedon" produced in tenth-century
1111:
1050:
1042:
832:
759:
731:
487:
467:
410:
402:
6527:
5529:
4521:
1163:
6775:
Nawotka, Krzysztof (2018). "Syriac and Persian Versions of the Alexander Romance".
6563:
6543:
6523:
6351:
6057:
6006:
5967:
5824:
5728:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 6.
5691:
5654:
5594:
5566:
5506:
5423:
5360:
5217:
5082:
4419:
4307:
4279:
4179:
4137:
4035:
The Alexandreis of Walter of Châtillon: a twelfth-century epic: a verse translation
3852:
3811:
3599:
3429:
3405:
3401:
3257:
3003:
2894:
2731:
1959:
1954:
1193:
1167:
The Alexander Romance in a 14th century Byzantine manuscript kept in the Church of
1135:
1046:
1020:
1016:
780:
740:
722:
716:
562:
483:
254:
198:
111:
6591:
Harf-Lancner, Laurence (translator and commentator, edited by Armstrong and al.).
6511:
5628:
4980:
Wolf, Kirsten (1988). "Gydinga Saga, Alexanders Saga, and Bishop Brande Jónsson".
4454:
2029:. It is likely that the source for this fragment has been the I²-recension of the
2017:. It was probably written between 1340 and 1370, soon before the beginning of the
1288:
6950:
6470:
6103:
The Persian Alexander: The First Complete English Translation of the Iskandarnama
5851:
5555:
4699:
The Roman de toute chevalerie: reading Alexander romance in late medieval England
4560:
The Roman de toute chevalerie: reading Alexander romance in late medieval England
3252:
of Ahmed Redvan, completed in 1499 and inspired by the earlier version of Ahmedi.
3231:
3035:
2890:
2878:
2824:
2707:
In the 12th or 13th century, an anonymous translator or translators translated a
2670:
2440:
2181:
1988:
1927:
1144:
1115:
1097:
872:
was produced by E.H. Haight in 1955. The major modern English translation of the
794:
The Land of Darkness becomes a prominent feature in subsequent recensions of the
687:
589:
495:
491:
475:
463:
239:
188:
148:
106:
5280:. Brill's companions to the Byzantine world. Leiden Boston: Brill. p. 202.
2198:
5205:
4270:
Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2001). "The Syriac Version of the Alexander Romance".
3074:
3017:
2960:
2952:
2700:
2551:, known from one 17th century manuscript copied by Yusof Ebn-Atiye (or Qozmân).
2394:
2036:
1964:
1760:
1647:
1613:
1609:
1474:
1444:
1416:
1197:
1152:
1101:
1030:
967:
927:
632:
593:
499:
471:
439:
6355:
6321:. The Ottoman empire and its heritage. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 33–37.
6061:
6011:
5971:
5695:
5428:
5364:
5221:
4717:
4697:
4578:
4558:
4141:
4037:. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press.
3856:
3816:
3430:"Alexander romance | Ancient Greek Epic, Legends & Mythology | Britannica"
1967:
that survive, though most only in fragments. There are also two versions from
7041:
7026:
6934:
6828:
6442:
6255:
5979:
5894:
5510:
5229:
5124:
5094:
4993:
4911:
4431:
4221:. Newcastle upon Tyne (GB): Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 107–108.
3954:. Mnemosyne. Supplements; volume 399. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 30–33.
3792:
3670:
3611:
3056:
2811:
1704:
1511:
1440:
1348:
Das byzantinische Alexandergedicht nach dem codex Marcianus 408 herausgegeben
1333:
Ps.-Kallisthenes ‑ Zwei mittelgriechische Prosa-Fassungen des Alexanderromans
1213:
1106:
1089:
853:
645:
554:
431:
405:, and finally his death. Although constructed around an historical core, the
6427:. Barkhuis Publishing & Groningen University Library. pp. 117–126.
1084:, contains additional motifs not found in the earliest Greek version of the
6991:
6539:
6422:
6235:
4891:
3772:
3226:
3134:
3100:
2022:
1980:
1006:
823:
620:
510:
443:
438:
translation was made, although the exact date is unknown. Some manuscripts
217:
5769:
Donzel, Emeri Johannes van; Schmidt, Andrea Barbara; Ott, Claudia (2009).
5357:
Narrative, Imagination and Concepts of Fiction in Late Antique Hagiography
5301:
Donzel, Emeri Johannes van; Schmidt, Andrea Barbara; Ott, Claudia (2009).
4785:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Brill. pp. 352–355.
4760:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Brill. pp. 341–349.
4735:. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Brill. pp. 329–364.
4539:
Stoneman, Richard (2010). "Alexander Romance". In Gagarin, Michael (ed.).
4362:. This text is a short appendix attached to the Syriac manuscripts of the
4283:
3394:: Mirror of a Bold, Clever, and Devout Prince". In Seigneurie, Ken (ed.).
753:
of the desert. This story was elaborated on in subsequent versions of the
521:, foresees that his kingdom will fall to the Persians and so flees to the
80:
5086:
3112:
3064:), an anonymous text dated to between the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
2799:
2226:
2193:
It is attributed in manuscripts of the saga to Brandr Jónsson, bishop of
1972:
1575:, later used by Alexandre de Bernay and Thomas de Kent, composed c. 1170.
1477:
1469:
1461:
1366:
1148:
1140:
1093:
1081:
975:
950:
941:
904:
819:
5987:
5959:
5001:
4810:(1. publ. in English ed.). London: Reaktion Books. pp. 50–51.
4623:
A Hebrew Alexander romance according to MS London, Jews' College no. 145
3678:
3654:
2323:
in the Cyrillic script. A redaction of this text in the 14th century in
6901:
6689:
Gero, S., "The Legend Of Alexander The Great In The Christian Orient",
5773:. Brill's Inner Asian Library. Leiden: Brill. pp. 37, also n. 62.
5278:
Fictional storytelling in the medieval Eastern Mediterranean and beyond
4526:
Acta Classica: Proceedings of the Classical Association of South Africa
4439:
4407:
3082:
3031:
2456:
2247:
2055:, is also written in alliterative verse. This fragment is found in the
2035:. Beside that it has been expanded with additional material taken from
1507:
1002:
815:
698:
683:
558:
550:
3619:
3587:
3284:) is a 16th-century manuscript containing six stories about Alexander.
2698:, MS Heb. 1087. This version was also partially interpolated into the
6421:
Stoneman, Richard; Erickson, Kyle; Netton, Ian Richard, eds. (2012).
5587:"Chapter Three. Alexander The Great In The Syriac Literary Tradition"
4563:. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press. p. 16.
3592:
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
2795:
2662:
For earlier Jewish legends not derived from Pseudo-Callisthenes, see
2186:
2150:
2026:
1599:, an anonymous fragment of which 159 lines survive, composed c. 1170.
1077:
1034:
827:
811:
726:
585:
581:
534:
5935:
The Qurʼan in the Malay-Indonesian world: context and interpretation
4423:
1361:
Der byzantinische Alexanderroman nach dem Codex Vind. Theol. gr. 244
1080:
defeated the Persians or in the mid-6th century during the reign of
6917:
5570:
5397:. Toronto Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press. p. 62.
5138:
Peters, Erik (1967). "Die irische Alexandersage' Zeitschrift für".
3603:
3086:
of Mohammad b. Hasan b. Ali b. Musâ Abu-Tâher Tarsusi (or Tartusi).
3048:
2683:
2568:
2370:
2324:
2274:
1968:
1819:
1489:
653:
649:
526:
459:
349:
6743:
Selden, Daniel, "Text Networks," Ancient Narrative 8 (2009), 1–23.
5688:
Transmitting and Circulating the Late Antique and Byzantine Worlds
5395:
Alexander the Great in the Middle Ages: transcultural perspectives
3952:
The Alexander romance by Ps.-Callisthenes: a historical commentary
3924:
The Alexander romance by Ps.-Callisthenes: a historical commentary
3899:
The Alexander romance by Ps.-Callisthenes: a historical commentary
2763:, though some of them have appeared in newer editions since then.
2576:
1155:, in a way that resembles the biography and legends of Alexander.
806:
Two books appear to be the main sources used by the author of the
735:. Alexander is travelling along with his company in search of the
615:
5883:"THE MYTH OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT IN MEDIEVAL GEORGIAN CHRONICLES"
5808:. Vol. 7. New York: Macmillan Publishers. cols. 2059b–2061a.
5113:"THE MYTH OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT IN MEDIEVAL GEORGIAN CHRONICLES"
2925:
2886:
2366:
2332:
2123:, dates to 1438 according to its first printed edition from 1580.
2060:
1946:
1875:
1676:
986:
788:
577:
514:
414:
207:
6388:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 116.
6142:
5478:
5451:
5305:. Brill's Inner Asian Library. Leiden: Brill. pp. 176–178.
1070:, as well as the much shorter and abridged version known in the
990:
also contains a translation of Alexander's letter to Aristotle.
6996:
6928:
6175:
4072:
2590:
narrative. There are seven known Ethiopian Alexander Romances:
2512:
2448:
1485:
1346:
Recensio Byzantina poetica (cod. Marcianus 408): S. Reichmann,
1172:
994:
971:
945:
764:
745:
725:
were influenced by earlier legends about the Mesopotamian hero
695:
657:
479:
244:
4835:. Balkan studies library. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 282.
4675:. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 18–19.
4073:
Mínguez Cornelles, Víctor; Rodríguez Moya, Inmaculada (2024).
2810:, including the episode where Alexander builds a wall against
2451:
and likely dates as a ninth-century Arabic translation of the
1420:, a 9th-century abridged and much more popular version of the
1341:Ἡ φυλλάδα τοῦ Μεγαλέξαντρου. Διήγησις Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Μακεδόνος
1240:
e cod. Paris. gr. 1685 et cod. Messinensi 62): L. Bergson,
880:
In 2007, Richard Stoneman published an Italian edition of the
549:
instructs him where to go to create the city that will become
442:
attribute the texts authorship to Alexander's court historian
6691:
Bulletin Of The John Rylands University Library Of Manchester
6673:
Bulletin Of The John Rylands University Library Of Manchester
5558:(1986), "Alexander the Great in Medieval Hebrew Literature",
2398:
1953:
experienced remarkable popularity. It is even referred to in
1379:
1370:
1339:
1201:
1088:, including the apocalypticization of the wall built against
998:
691:
573:
518:
435:
6671:
Boyle, J. A., "The Alexander Romance In The East And West",
6650:
The History of Alexander the Great, Being the Syriac Version
4541:
The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Greece and Rome: Volume 1
446:, and so the author is commonly called Pseudo-Callisthenes.
6829:
Text and English translation of the Greek Alexander Romance
5960:"Sīrat Al-Iskandar: An Arabic Popular Romance of Alexander"
4241:
3457:
3345:
3121:
2806:
contains additional motifs not found in the earliest Greek
1979:, which exists only in a sixteenth-century printing; and a
1354:
Zwei mittelgriechische Prosa. Fassungen des Alexanderromans
787:
in Islamicate lands. In a journey that is directed towards
546:
455:
6298:
6286:
6274:
6262:
6212:
6163:
6151:
6083:
5819:
Selden, Daniel L. (2011), "The Coptic Alexander Romance",
5075:"The Greek Phyllada and the Old Serbian Alexander Romance"
3750:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 463–465.
6777:
Brill's Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great
6638:
The Romance of Alexander the Great by Pseudo-Callisthenes
6472:
Alexander's Gate, Gog and Magog: And the Inclosed Nations
6054:
Brill's Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great
5912:. Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York Press. p. 84.
5752:
The Romance of Alexander the Great by Pseudo-Callisthenes
5210:
Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association
4702:. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press.
4216:
3878:
640:
6839:
Is The Source Of Qur'an 18:60-65 The Alexander Romances?
4621:
Ibn Tibbon, Shmuel (1992). Bekkum, Wouter J. van (ed.).
2197:
who is also said to have been responsible for authoring
557:. He begins exchanging letters with the Persian emperor
1771:, a late medieval prose version. Composed c. 1450–1470.
553:. The march into Asia continues and Alexander conquers
462:. Some of the more notable translations were made into
16:
Account of the life and exploits of Alexander the Great
6884:
6769:
A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages
6420:
6402:
6050:"Syriac and Persian Versions of the Alexander Romance"
5821:
A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages
5726:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
5591:
A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages
5047:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
5022:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
4932:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
4858:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
4783:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
4758:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
4733:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
4472:
A companion to Alexander literature in the Middle Ages
4338:
Donzel, Emeri J. van; Schmidt, Andrea Barbara (2010).
4176:
A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages
3562:
Bowden, Hugh (2023), Ogden, Daniel (ed.), "Religion",
3526:
3038:, though the existence of this text has been disputed.
3030:, perhaps produced in the 4th century by an anonymous
2831:. Its author is sometimes referred to as Pseudo-Jacob.
1378:
Recensio poetica (recensio R), vernacular: D. Holton,
1237:. Rezension β. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1965
1147:, structures the story of the hero and founder of the
6640:(from the Armenian). Columbia University Press, 1969.
5460:
4408:"An Early Mongolian Version of The Alexander Romance"
4051:
3648:
3646:
3488:
3476:
2153:, composed around 1150 as an adaptation of a poem by
1447:
while he was on a diplomatic mission commissioned by
1359:
Recensio V (cod. Vind. theol. gr. 244): K. Mitsakis,
1066:, the most important Syriac translation of the Greek
6386:
A two-colored brocade: the imagery of Persian poetry
5189:
3327:
2932:
would produce a translation of a Serbian or Russian
2715:
into Hebrew. This is found in the manuscript Paris,
1372:Διήγησις περὶ τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ τῶν μεγάλων πολέμων
6608:
Iskandarnamah: a Persian medieval Alexander-romance
6502:. University of California Press. pp. 757–858.
5275:
4806:Boia, Lucian; Selous, Trista; Boia, Lucian (2004).
2664:
Alexander the Great in legend § Jewish legends
2447:preserved in two fourteenth-century manuscripts in
1433:
The Birth and Victories of King Alexander the Great
1375:", Byzantinisch-neugriechische Jahrbücher 20 (1970)
31:
Armenian illuminated manuscript of the 14th century
4670:
3643:
2687:, a 10th-century text into which a version of the
2420:Qiṣṣat al-Iskandar wa-mā fīhā min al-amr al-ʿadjīb
1196:, some of them recasting it into poetical form in
4831:Daskalov, Rumen; Marinov, Tchavdar, eds. (2013).
4217:Minaéva, Oxana; Holmquist Olausson, Lena (2015).
3982:A history of Alexander the Great in world culture
1730:, composed before 1338 and a continuation of the
970:, achieved some popularity. In addition, in 781,
7039:
6005:, Amsterdam University Press, pp. 123–152,
5768:
5300:
5194:(usually identified with Alexander the Great) ".
3566:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 237–242,
3002:was composed in the 13th or 14th century in the
2963:. Its ultimate source is most likely the Arabic
2293:were never separated out into independent books.
1443:, translated from a Greek copy he discovered in
1293:Anonymi Byzantini vita Alexandri regis Macedonum
525:court. In his time there, he falls in love with
5560:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
4830:
4242:Pseudo-Callisthenes; Stoneman, Richard (1991).
4102:. Rochester, N.Y: Boydell Press. pp. 2–3.
3851:, University of Toronto Press, pp. 51–75,
3458:Pseudo-Callisthenes; Stoneman, Richard (1991).
3346:Pseudo-Callisthenes; Stoneman, Richard (1991).
3202:by Kamâl-al-Din Hoseyn Esfahâni (16th c.), the
1896:The two most important Spanish versions of the
1563:, by an anonymous author between 1160 and 1170.
860:was published in English by Krzysztof Nawotka.
729:and his search for immortality, such as in the
580:his subjects. During his return, as he reaches
6793:
5957:
5626:
5584:
5496:
5417:
4808:Forever young: a cultural history of longevity
4805:
4452:
4265:
4263:
4134:The Scottish Romance Tradition c. 1375–c. 1550
3564:The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great
3389:
3377:The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great
2834:Another prose version though shorter than the
6870:
6038:, page 153-170, Tehran, Negah-e Moaser, 2022]
5330:. Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York Press.
4780:
4755:
4730:
4598:The Alexander Romance: history and literature
4337:
3748:The Qur'an and the Bible: text and commentary
3390:Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina (2020). "The Arabic
3181:) of Khâje Hoseyn Thanâʾi Mashhadi (d. 1587).
3103:, completed in 1299/1300 during the reign of
2755:There are four texts in the tradition of the
1435:) is a lost tenth-century translation of the
948:. Another very popular Latin version was the
856:in 1907. In 2017, a commentary of the entire
368:
6762:The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East
6730:Die Quellen des griechischen Alexanderromans
6424:The Alexander romance in Persia and the East
5019:
4097:
3810:, Leiden University Press, pp. 95–106,
3774:The Alexander romance in Persia and the East
3639:. Oxford University Press. pp. 137–155.
3633:Tesei, Tommaso (2023). "Alexander's Horns".
3551:. Oxford University Press. pp. 137–146.
3545:Tesei, Tommaso (2023). "Alexander's Horns".
3042:Alexander the Great's representation in the
868:The first modern English translation of the
863:
721:Traditions about Alexander's search for the
6653:. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press.
6621:Stoneman, Richard (editor and translator).
6475:, Medieval academy of America, p. 11,
5653:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1, 22.
5422:, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, pp. 394–395,
4269:
4260:
3206:by Hasan-Beyg Atâbi Takallu (d. 1616), the
1429:Nativitas et victoria Alexandri Magni regis
1322:Pseudo-Methodius redactio 2: H. van Thiel,
1179:The most important Greek recensions of the
981:Alexander and Dindimus King of the Brahmans
932:Nativitas et historia Alexandri Magni regis
6877:
6863:
6760:Stoneman, Richard and Kyle Erickson, eds.
6738:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
6316:
5748:
5681:
5527:
5072:
4929:
4620:
4543:. Oxford University Press. pp. 62–64.
3379:. Cambridge University Press. p. 452.
2936:into Georgian, and this one has survived.
2727:, who made other translations from Arabic.
2643:Christian Romance of the Life of Alexander
1910:. This was a famous anonymous poem of the
1768:Fais et concquestes du noble roy Alexandre
1200:vernacular. Recensio α is the source of a
891:
592:receives his body in the Egyptian city of
375:
361:
6849:The Wild Man: Medieval Myth and Symbolism
6534:
6510:(2013). "Gog and Magog". In Fleet, Kate;
6460:Aerts, Faustina Clara Wilhelmina (2010).
6010:
5932:
5880:
5585:Monferrer-Sala, Juan Pedro (2011-01-01),
5427:
5253:Studying the Qur'ān in the Muslim Academy
5250:
5181:
5159:Latin fiction: the Latin novel in context
5110:
4648:Latin fiction: the Latin novel in context
4497:"The 'Life of Alexander' and West Africa"
4333:
4331:
4007:Latin fiction: the Latin novel in context
3815:
3269:is the only Alexander legend composed in
2339:is also a translation of the Serbian one.
2128:The Buik of King Alexander the Conquerour
2013:, is a fragment of 1247 lines written in
1857:, from the 14th century, edited by Grion.
1386:The Tale of Alexander. The Rhymed Version
1244:. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1965
1230:. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1965
6610:. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1978.
6468:
6383:
6145:Literature: A World History, Volumes 1-4
6000:
5723:
5492:
5490:
5481:Literature: A World History, Volumes 1-4
5454:Literature: A World History, Volumes 1-4
5203:
5044:
4538:
4295:
4293:
4169:
4130:"The Alexander and Charlemagne Romances"
4032:
3979:
3745:
3585:
3532:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3370:
2246:
1162:
1076:, composed either in ~630 shortly after
614:
26:
6774:
6666:Alexander the Great in the Middle Ages,
6233:
6193:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6047:
5907:
5865:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5325:
5156:
4889:
4855:
4645:
4591:
4519:
4494:
4405:
4004:
3949:
3921:
3896:
3371:Djurslev, Christine Thrue (2024). "The
3282:Eastern Turkish Stories of the Prophets
3047:, an epic of Persian kings composed by
2746:1880) before being destroyed in a fire.
2388:Alexander the Great in Arabic tradition
1687:Voyage d'Alexandre au Paradis terrestre
1324:Die Rezension λ des Pseudo-Kallisthenes
1317:Die Rezension λ des Pseudo-Callisthenes
1307:Die Rezension λ des Pseudo-Kallisthenes
7040:
6560:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
6497:
6488:
6408:
6341:
6304:
6292:
6280:
6268:
6229:
6227:
6218:
6181:
6169:
6157:
6089:
5818:
5812:
5793:
5580:
5578:
5466:
5350:
5137:
5106:
5104:
5068:
5066:
5015:
5013:
5011:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4552:
4550:
4401:
4399:
4328:
4127:
4057:
4028:
4026:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3884:
3849:Alexander the Great in the Middle Ages
3805:
3770:
3561:
3333:
3245:composed by Ahmedi's brother, Hamzavī.
3210:(completed in India in 1729), and the
2955:epic describing fictional exploits of
2854:, derived from the α recension of the
2548:Sirat al-malek Eskandar Dhu’ l-Qarneyn
2426:composed by ‘Umara ibn Zayd (767-815).
1233:e cod. Leidensi Vulc. 93. L. Bergson,
6858:
6820:The Medieval Alexander Bibliographies
6748:Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend
6643:
6459:
6041:
5650:The Syriac Legend of Alexander's Gate
5646:
5642:
5640:
5487:
5392:
4957:Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia
4893:The exploitations of medieval romance
4695:
4556:
4469:
4303:The Syriac Legend of Alexander's Gate
4299:
4290:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4068:
4066:
3945:
3943:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3718:
3691:
3652:
3636:The Syriac Legend of Alexander's Gate
3632:
3548:The Syriac Legend of Alexander's Gate
3544:
3507:Stoneman, Richard (tr.), ed. (1991),
2691:was interpolated into in later times.
2472:Ara'is al-majalis fi Qisas al-anbiya'
1935:
1407:, the first Latin translation of the
663:
604:
6506:
6127:
6114:
5749:Wolohojian, Albert Mugrdich (1969).
5544:
5499:Journal of Eastern Christian Studies
5185:
4979:
4954:
3739:
3453:
3451:
3449:
2376:
1940:
1919:Historia novelada de Alejandro Magno
1496:
1188:. The Recensio α, also known as the
599:
6377:
6224:
6108:
5762:
5575:
5386:
5101:
5063:
5008:
4973:
4959:. New York: Garland. pp. 7–8.
4948:
4918:
4547:
4396:
4023:
3968:
3626:
3555:
3538:
3214:of Nâseri Kermâni (dating to 1850).
2470:is known from the eleventh-century
2255:There were two translations of the
770:
749:of the sea and his daughter into a
710:
13:
6680:Oriental Elements in Surat al Kahf
6658:
6003:Embodiments of Evil: Gog and Magog
5787:
5659:10.1093/oso/9780197646878.001.0001
5637:
5161:. London: Routledge. p. 240.
4833:Entangled histories of the Balkans
4650:. London: Routledge. p. 239.
4412:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
4312:10.1093/oso/9780197646878.001.0001
4205:
4184:10.1163/ej.9789004183452.i-410.109
4116:
4063:
4009:. London: Routledge. p. 140.
3940:
3833:
3808:A Key to the Treasure of the Hakim
2823:, a poem spuriously attributed to
2216:), an Old Norse adaptation of the
1854:I Nobili fatti di Alessandro Magno
1712:, the first of three works in the
1405:Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius
1365:Recensio K (cod. 236 Kutlumussiu,
1212:Recensio α sive Recensio vetusta:
1206:Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius
964:Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius
14:
7094:
6813:
6794:Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina (2010).
6348:Studies in Islamic Historiography
6048:Nawotka, Krzysztof (2018-04-26),
5958:Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina (2003).
5908:Zuwiyya, Zachary D., ed. (2001).
5853:Der Alexanderroman bei den Kopten
5829:10.1163/ej.9789004183452.i-410.62
5599:10.1163/ej.9789004183452.i-410.24
5534:tradition from Egypt to Ethiopia"
5326:Zuwiyya, Zachary D., ed. (2001).
4406:Cleaves, Francis Woodman (1959).
3446:
2861:A second Armenian version of the
2634:History of the Death of Alexander
2219:Epistola Alexandri ad Aristotelem
918:In Europe, the popularity of the
694:and more prominently the king of
6568:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3630
6514:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
6414:
6342:Mengüç, Murat Cem (2019-11-06),
6335:
6317:Kastritsis, Dimitris J. (2007).
6310:
6187:
6095:
6028:
5868:Popular Stories of Ancient Egypt
4172:"The Alexander Romance In Italy"
4170:Morosini, Roberta (2011-01-01),
3118:Book of Alexandrian Intelligence
2905:Though Georgian versions of the
2717:Bibliothèque nationale de France
2711:Arabic translation of the Latin
1971:, one sometimes ascribed to the
1783:, a prose translation (1468) of
1612:. This became the basis for the
1220:, vol. 1. Berlin: Weidmann, 1926
1041:, and a 15th-century version by
783:, especially in versions of the
434:some time before 338 AD, when a
348:
42:
6750:, Yale University Press, 2008.
6645:Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis
6606:Southgate, Minoo (translator).
6575:
6538:(1960–2007). "al-Iskandar". In
6528:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27495
6469:Anderson, Andrew Runni (1932),
6237:The classics and colonial India
5994:
5951:
5926:
5901:
5874:
5859:
5844:
5742:
5717:
5682:MacFarlane, Alex (2019-10-14),
5675:
5620:
5521:
5472:
5445:
5411:
5344:
5319:
5294:
5269:
5244:
5204:Griffith, Sidney (2022-03-15).
5197:
5175:
5150:
5131:
5038:
4883:
4874:
4849:
4824:
4799:
4774:
4749:
4724:
4696:Stone, Charles Russell (2019).
4689:
4664:
4639:
4625:. Leuven: Peeters. p. 15.
4614:
4585:
4557:Stone, Charles Russell (2019).
4532:
4513:
4488:
4463:
4446:
4371:
4235:
4163:
4091:
3998:
3915:
3890:
3843:Chism, Christine (2016-02-04),
3799:
3764:
3746:Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2018).
3712:
3685:
3586:Anderson, Andrew Runni (1927).
3579:
3397:A Companion to World Literature
2827:and is slightly later than the
2777:), A Syriac translation of the
2540:History of Alexander of Macedon
2439:, "Story of Dhulqarnayn") is a
2313:was the ultimate source of the
2110:Middle Scots versions include:
1656:Histoire ancienne jusquʾà César
1551:1160), attributed to clergyman
1114:, Hebrew (in the first part of
839:
6500:Collected Ancient Greek Novels
5528:Asirvatham, Sulochana (2014).
5351:Dabiri, Ghazzal (2023-11-08),
5190:
5073:Usakiewicz, Krzysztof (2013).
3500:
3422:
3406:10.1002/9781118635193.ctwl0072
3383:
3364:
3339:
3310:Letters of Alexander the Great
2889:dialect was discovered in the
2397:("The Two-Horned One") in the
2189:translation of the Latin epic
1931:in a recently printed edition.
1400:Res gestae Alexandri Macedonis
1268:Der griechische Alexanderroman
1261:Der griechische Alexanderroman
1254:Der griechische Alexanderroman
1242:Der griechische Alexanderroman
1235:Der griechische Alexanderroman
1228:Der griechische Alexanderroman
984:. The principal manuscript of
958:. Before Leo, versions of the
850:Der griechische Alexanderroman
120:Conquest of the Persian Empire
1:
7063:Alexander the Great in legend
6520:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
5647:Tesei, Tommaso (2023-10-19).
4673:The Medieval French Alexander
4300:Tesei, Tommaso (2023-10-19).
3659:Rivista degli studi orientali
3513:, Penguin, pp. 185–187,
3315:
3295:Alexander the Great in legend
3192:Alexander of the Storytellers
3124:composed in the 15th century.
2988:A 19th-century Javanese poem.
2743:
2535:Tārīkh al-Iskandar al-Makdūni
2466:containing a synopsis of the
2329:Old Serbian Alexander Romance
2327:is what has come down as the
2316:Old Serbian Alexander Romance
2309:The γ recension of the Greek
2103:
1993:
1756:Histoire du bon roy Alixandre
1691:
1679:
1588:
1548:
1532:
1369:), vernacular: K. Mitsakis, "
572:Next, he proceeds to conquer
21:Alexander the Great in legend
6723:Der syrische Alexanderroman,
6453:
6384:Schimmel, Annemarie (1992).
6194:Hanaway, William L. (1998).
5866:Maspero, Sir Gaston (2004).
5758:. Columbia University Press.
5157:Hofmann, Heinz, ed. (2004).
4646:Hofmann, Heinz, ed. (2004).
4128:Mainer, Sergi (2010-01-01),
4098:Damian-Grint, Peter (1999).
4005:Hofmann, Heinz, ed. (2004).
3320:
2992:
2976:("Story of King Alexander").
2959:(Iskandar), identified with
2719:, MS Héb. 671.5 and London,
2606:Ethiopic Pseudo-Callisthenes
2234:, a metrical version of the
2009:), sometimes referred to as
1568:Le Roman de Fuerre de Gadres
1411:, made from its α recension.
844:The first commentary to the
814:and adversaries of his like
502:, instead of a single work.
417:. In this context, the term
7:
6779:. Brill. pp. 525–542.
6625:. New York: Penguin, 1991.
6623:The Greek Alexander Romance
6350:, Brill, pp. 125–144,
6056:, Brill, pp. 525–542,
5823:, Brill, pp. 133–156,
5690:, Brill, pp. 125–148,
5565:, pp. 218–226, at 223–225.
5359:, Brill, pp. 253–282,
4306:. Oxford University Press.
4244:The Greek Alexander romance
4178:, Brill, pp. 329–364,
4136:, Brill, pp. 223–255,
3950:Nawotka, Krzysztof (2017).
3926:. Brill. pp. ix, 273.
3922:Nawotka, Krzysztof (2017).
3897:Nawotka, Krzysztof (2017).
3510:The Greek Alexander Romance
3460:The Greek Alexander romance
3375:". In Ogden, Daniel (ed.).
3348:The Greek Alexander romance
3288:
3187:Eskandar-nâme-ye-haft-jeldi
3148:Story of the Two-Horned One
2985:("Story of Gog and Magog").
2948:Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain
2900:
2842:
2562:
2119:, anonymous, attributed to
2076:, sometimes referred to as
2051:, sometimes referred to as
1861:
1252:lib. 1: U. von Lauenstein,
926:discovered a Greek copy in
10:
7099:
6740:, Vol. 77 (1989), 275-280.
6675:60 (1977), pp. 19–20.
5870:. Oxford University Press.
3218:
3010:
2851:Armenian Alexander Romance
2696:Bibliotheca I. B. de Rossi
2661:
2597:Ethiopic Alexander Romance
2575:was first composed in the
2556:Kitāb Qiṣṣat Dhīʾl-Qarnayn
2385:
2041:Historiae adversum paganos
1891:
1795:
1664:Roman d'Alexandre en prose
1608:, an Anglo-Norman work of
1380:
1371:
1340:
1315:redactio 1: H. van Thiel,
1295:. Stuttgart: Teubner, 1974
978:a copy of a text known as
801:
714:
674:In the α recension of the
667:
608:
18:
7014:
6959:
6893:
6834:Wiki Classical Dictionary
6583:Nizami. Das Alexanderbuch
6356:10.1163/9789004415294_006
6234:Vasunia, Phiroze (2013).
6117:"ESKANDAR-NĀMA OF NEẒĀMĪ"
6062:10.1163/9789004359932_022
6012:10.1515/9789400600119-009
5972:10.1163/22138617-08302016
5881:Gogoladze, Andro (2018).
5696:10.1163/9789004409460_007
5593:, Brill, pp. 41–72,
5429:10.1515/9783110597745-021
5365:10.1163/9789004685758_013
5251:Daneshgar, Majid (2020).
5222:10.5913/jiqsa.6.2021.a005
5111:Gogoladze, Andro (2018).
4142:10.1163/9789042029767_009
3857:10.3138/9781442661301-007
3817:10.1515/9789400600140-006
3725:. Brill. pp. 67–68.
2872:
2750:
2657:
2381:
2242:
2139:
1789:Historiae Alexandri Magni
1605:Roman de toute chevalerie
1501:
1338:Recensio φ: G. Veloudis,
884:in three volumes, titled
864:Editions and translations
848:was a German work titled
636:
7002:The Wonders Beyond Thule
6985:Metiochus and Parthenope
6595:, Livre de poche, 1994.
6585:, Munich: Manesse, 1991.
5966:. 22 (83) (2): 505–520.
5511:10.2143/JECS.55.3.504417
4520:Tronson, Adrian (2014).
4495:Tronson, Adrian (1982).
4383:universalium.academic.ru
4033:Townsend, David (1996).
3719:Crone, Patricia (2016).
3692:Crone, Patricia (2016).
3400:. Wiley. pp. 1–11.
3027:Syriac Alexander Romance
2982:Hikayat Ya’juj wa-Ma’juj
2939:
2913:The Conversion of Kartli
2770:Syriac Alexander Romance
2669:There are three or four
2405:in the tradition of its
2350:
2277:. It became part of the
2173:
1885:Slavic-Bulgarian History
1811:Historia Alexandri Regis
1800:Italian versions of the
1776:Faits du grand Alexandre
1746:, the final poem of the
1619:. Composed c. 1175–1180.
1391:
1218:Historia Alexandri Magni
1190:Historia Alexandri Magni
1158:
1063:Syriac Alexander Romance
886:Il Romanzo di Alessandro
757:, such as in the Syriac
449:In premodern times, the
51:This article is part of
6824:University of Rochester
6771:, Brill: Leiden, 2011.
6684:Brepols Journals Online
6184:, p. 491, 504–510.
5887:Études Balkaniques
5856:(St. Petersburg, 1903).
5805:The Coptic Encyclopedia
5794:Müller, Detlef (1991).
5420:Cultures of Eschatology
5117:Études Balkaniques
4360:Syriac Alexander Legend
3653:Tesei, Tommaso (2010).
3208:Sekandar-nâme-ye-jabali
3105:Muhammad II of Khwarazm
3077:, composed before 1194.
2787:Syriac Alexander Legend
2583:Syriac Alexander Legend
2453:Syriac Alexander Legend
2424:Syriac Alexander Legend
2358:Irish Alexander Romance
2095:Prose Life of Alexander
1841:Istoria Alexander Regis
1763:, composed before 1448.
1690:, a French adaptation (
1381:Διήγησις τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου
1073:Syriac Alexander Legend
704:Syriac Alexander Legend
505:
6971:by Pseudo-Callisthenes
6946:Leucippe and Clitophon
6913:Chaereas and Callirhoe
6736:33.802 in the journal
6728:Merkelbach, Reinhold,
6664:Aerts, W. J., et al.,
6581:Bürgel, J. Christoph,
5850:Oscar von Lemm (ed.),
3143:Qissa-ye Dhuʾl Qarnayn
2775:Tašʿītā d̄ʾAleksandrōs
2740:Royal Library of Turin
2637:by an anonymous writer
2283:Chronograph-Alexandria
2252:
2048:Alexander and Dindimus
1818:, composed in 1236 in
1659:, composed c. 1213–14.
1643:Le Vengement Alixandre
1560:Decasyllabic Alexander
1259:lib. 2: H. Engelmann,
1176:
624:
584:, he meets the son of
97:Consolidation of power
86:Personal relationships
32:
6147:. Wiley. p. 538.
6036:The Alexander Romance
5483:. Wiley. p. 534.
5456:. Wiley. p. 535.
5079:Colloquia Humanistica
4342:. Brill. p. 17.
4284:10.2143/MUS.114.1.302
3698:. Brill. p. 66.
3024:as the source of the
2973:Hikayat Raja Iskandar
2792:Neṣḥānā d-Aleksandrōs
2721:Jews' College Library
2250:
2238:from its I recension.
2116:The Buik of Alexander
2087:The Wars of Alexander
2002:Romance of Alisaunder
1914:from Christian Spain.
1828:Alessandreide in rima
1785:Quintus Curtius Rufus
1624:La Venjance Alixandre
1545:Li romans d'Alixandre
1169:San Giorgio dei Greci
1166:
1126:(13th-14th century).
1012:The Buik of Alexander
618:
226:Expedition into India
30:
7068:Byzantine literature
6886:Ancient Greek novels
6593:Le roman d'Alexandre
6200:Encyclopedia Iranica
6121:Encyclopedia Iranica
6115:De Blois, François.
5627:E. A. Wallis Budge.
5140:Celtische Philologie
5087:10.11649/ch.2013.012
4982:Scandinavian Studies
4453:E. A. Wallis Budge.
3265:) (15th century) of
3020:version inferred by
2893:. It draws on older
2730:In the 14th century
2704:in the 10th century.
2628:by Joseph ben Gorion
2626:History of Alexander
2619:History of Alexander
2612:History of Alexander
2523:. It belongs to the
2361:, also known as the
2209:Bréf Alexandri Magni
2019:Alliterative Revival
2007:Alexander of Macedon
1983:version from 1499:
1543:, also known as the
1122:(14th century), and
937:Historia de Proeliis
656:in modern-day North
537:and competes in the
531:Philip II of Macedon
7058:Alexander the Great
6960:Other prose fiction
6940:Xenophon of Ephesus
6907:Heliodorus of Emesa
6746:Stoneman, Richard,
6707:66 (1982), 328–339.
6700:72 (1988), 335–343.
6536:Watt, W. Montgomery
6101:Evangelos Venetis,
6034:Darvishi, Dariush,
3588:"Alexander's Horns"
3154:, composed in 1580.
2957:Alexander the Great
2881:translation of the
2736:Historia de Preliis
2713:Historia de Preliis
2521:Alexander the Great
2445:Alexander the Great
2261:Old Church Slavonic
2236:Historia de preliis
2155:Albéric of Pisançon
2082:Historia de Preliis
2065:Historia de Preliis
2032:Historia de Preliis
1791:. Composed c. 1468.
1750:. Composed c. 1340.
1710:Jacques de Longuyon
1694:1260) of the Latin
1650:, composed c. 1191.
1631:, composed c. 1180.
1580:Alixandre en Orient
1553:Alexandre de Bernay
1529:Albéric de Pisançon
1482:Walter of Châtillon
1457:Historia de Preliis
1326:. Bonn: Habelt 1959
1319:. Bonn: Habelt 1959
1309:. Bonn: Habelt 1959
1266:lib. 3: F. Parthe,
1057:, Irish, and more.
956:Walter of Châtillon
901:classical antiquity
737:Land of the Blessed
395:Alexander the Great
336:Cultural depictions
60:Alexander the Great
7022:Apollonius of Tyre
6894:Surviving romances
6764:, Barkhuis: 2012l.
6693:, 1993, Volume 75.
6636:Wolohojian, A. H.
6307:, p. 518–519.
6295:, p. 521–534.
6283:, p. 517–518.
6271:, p. 516–517.
6221:, p. 513–514.
6172:, p. 491–504.
6160:, p. 525–531.
6105:, Bloomsbury 2017.
6092:, p. 443–461.
5800:Atiya, Aziz Suryal
4379:"Ahmedi, Taceddin"
3887:, p. 757–758.
3434:www.britannica.com
3305:Horns of Alexander
3300:Gates of Alexander
3097:Alexandrine Mirror
2916:chronicles and in
2761:E. A. Wallis Budge
2511:is a 15th century
2500:Qissat Dhulqarnayn
2495:Hadith Dhulqarnayn
2487:Qissat Dhulqarnayn
2464:Qissat Dhulqarnayn
2437:Qissat Dhulqarnayn
2432:Qissat Dhulqarnayn
2415:Qissat al-Iskandar
2363:Imthusa Alexandair
2299:Serbian Alexandria
2253:
2015:alliterative verse
1936:Germanic languages
1907:Libro de Alexandre
1880:Paisiy Hilendarski
1739:Le Parfait du paon
1506:There are several
1449:John III of Naples
1186:Leo the Archpriest
1177:
1026:Libro de Alexandre
924:Leo the Archpriest
670:Horns of Alexander
664:Horns of Alexander
625:
611:Gates of Alexander
605:Gates of Alexander
278:Hellenistic period
33:
7053:Alexander Romance
7048:3rd-century books
7035:
7034:
7006:Antonius Diogenes
6968:Alexander Romance
6924:Daphnis and Chloe
6805:978-90-429-2183-2
6786:978-90-04-35993-2
6756:978-0-300-11203-0
6434:978-94-91431-04-3
6395:978-0-8078-2050-6
6365:978-90-04-41529-4
6328:978-90-04-15836-8
6247:978-0-19-920323-9
6071:978-90-04-35993-2
6022:978-94-006-0011-9
5944:978-0-367-28109-0
5919:978-1-58684-132-4
5838:978-90-04-21193-3
5780:978-90-04-17416-0
5735:978-90-04-18345-2
5705:978-90-04-40946-0
5668:978-0-19-764687-8
5608:978-90-04-21193-3
5532:Alexander romance
5505:(3–4): 196, 204.
5439:978-3-11-059774-5
5404:978-1-4426-4466-3
5374:978-90-04-68575-8
5337:978-1-58684-132-4
5312:978-90-04-17416-0
5287:978-90-04-28999-4
5262:978-0-19-006754-0
5168:978-0-415-14722-4
5056:978-90-04-18345-2
5031:978-90-04-18345-2
4941:978-90-04-18345-2
4903:978-1-84384-212-5
4867:978-90-04-18345-2
4842:978-90-04-25075-8
4817:978-1-86189-154-9
4792:978-90-04-18345-2
4767:978-90-04-18345-2
4742:978-90-04-18345-2
4709:978-1-4875-0189-1
4682:978-0-7914-5443-5
4657:978-0-415-14722-4
4632:978-90-6831-395-6
4607:978-94-92444-71-4
4594:Alexander Romance
4570:978-1-4875-0189-1
4481:978-90-04-18345-2
4459:. pp. xxxvi.
4364:Alexander Romance
4349:978-90-04-17416-0
4321:978-0-19-764687-8
4253:978-0-14-044560-2
4228:978-1-4438-7761-9
4193:978-90-04-21193-3
4151:978-90-420-2976-7
4109:978-0-85115-760-3
4084:978-1-032-54990-3
4044:978-0-8122-3347-6
4016:978-0-415-14722-4
3991:978-1-107-16769-8
3961:978-90-04-33521-9
3933:978-90-04-33521-9
3908:978-90-04-33521-9
3866:978-1-4426-6130-1
3827:978-94-006-0014-0
3784:978-94-91431-04-3
3757:978-0-300-18132-6
3732:978-90-04-31931-8
3705:978-90-04-31931-8
3573:978-1-108-88834-9
3469:978-0-14-044560-2
3415:978-1-118-99318-7
3392:Alexander Romance
3373:Alexander Romance
3357:978-0-14-044560-2
3162:of Sanai Mashhadi
3130:Ayina-i Iskandari
3092:Ayina-i Iskandari
3062:Book of Alexander
3000:Alexander Romance
2965:Sirat al-Iskandar
2934:Alexander Romance
2930:Archil of Imereti
2922:David the Builder
2918:The Life of Kings
2907:Alexander Romance
2863:Alexander Romance
2856:Alexander Romance
2820:Song of Alexander
2779:Alexander Romance
2757:Alexander Romance
2725:Samuel ibn Tibbon
2689:Alexander Romance
2675:Alexander Romance
2573:Alexander Romance
2508:Sīrat al-Iskandar
2468:Alexander Romance
2403:Alexander Romance
2377:Semitic languages
2344:Alexander Romance
2337:Alexander Romance
2321:Alexander Romance
2311:Alexander Romance
2257:Alexander Romance
2147:Song of Alexander
2073:Wars of Alexander
1951:Alexander Romance
1941:English and Scots
1912:Alexander Romance
1898:Alexander Romance
1868:Alexander Romance
1802:Alexander Romance
1732:Les Voeux de paon
1723:Le Restor du Paon
1697:Iter ad paradisum
1636:Roman d'Alexandre
1540:Roman d'Alexandre
1497:Romance languages
1484:, a 12th-century
1437:Alexander Romance
1409:Alexander Romance
1181:Alexander Romance
1043:Johannes Hartlieb
1015:, 13th century),
920:Alexander Romance
858:Alexander Romance
833:Epic of Gilgamesh
808:Alexander Romance
796:Alexander Romance
777:Alexander Romance
760:Song of Alexander
732:Epic of Gilgamesh
676:Alexander Romance
600:Motifs and themes
565:, search for the
451:Alexander Romance
390:Alexander Romance
385:
384:
305:Alexander Romance
68:
67:
7090:
7078:Medieval legends
6879:
6872:
6865:
6856:
6855:
6809:
6790:
6767:Zuwiyya, David,
6654:
6571:
6531:
6503:
6494:
6485:
6465:
6447:
6446:
6418:
6412:
6406:
6400:
6399:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6314:
6308:
6302:
6296:
6290:
6284:
6278:
6272:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6231:
6222:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6191:
6185:
6179:
6173:
6167:
6161:
6155:
6149:
6148:
6140:
6125:
6124:
6112:
6106:
6099:
6093:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6045:
6039:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6014:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5863:
5857:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5816:
5810:
5809:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5644:
5635:
5634:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5582:
5573:
5553:
5542:
5541:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5494:
5485:
5484:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5431:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5108:
5099:
5098:
5070:
5061:
5060:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5017:
5006:
5005:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4927:
4916:
4915:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4554:
4545:
4544:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4403:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4335:
4326:
4325:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4278:(1–2): 121–140.
4267:
4258:
4257:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4214:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4125:
4114:
4113:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4070:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3977:
3966:
3965:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3819:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3665:(1/4): 417–440.
3650:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3455:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3278:Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī
3271:Chagatai Turkish
3263:Alexander's Wall
3258:Sadd-i Iskandarī
2895:Demotic Egyptian
2745:
2732:Immanuel Bonfils
2673:versions of the
2600:, also known as
2476:Book of Prophets
2407:Syriac recension
2263:/Old Bulgarian.
2231:Konung Alexander
2105:
1995:
1960:Canterbury Tales
1846:Domenico Scolari
1781:Vasque de Lucène
1705:Les Vœux du paon
1693:
1681:
1629:Jehan le Nevelon
1590:
1550:
1534:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1343:
1342:
1313:Pseudo-Methodius
1303:Helmut van Thiel
1194:Byzantine Empire
1136:Epic of Sundiata
1124:Middle Mongolian
1005:(12th century),
892:Versions of the
781:Land of Darkness
771:Land of Darkness
741:Fountain of Life
723:Fountain of Life
717:Fountain of Life
711:Fountain of Life
638:
563:Land of Darkness
377:
370:
363:
352:
341:Islamic theories
263:Death and legacy
231:Indian campaigns
64:
63:
61:
54:
46:
39:
38:
35:
34:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7010:
6955:
6951:Achilles Tatius
6889:
6883:
6816:
6806:
6787:
6668:Nijmegen, 1978.
6661:
6659:Further reading
6578:
6556:Heinrichs, W.P.
6516:Rowson, Everett
6483:
6456:
6451:
6450:
6435:
6419:
6415:
6407:
6403:
6396:
6382:
6378:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6340:
6336:
6329:
6315:
6311:
6303:
6299:
6291:
6287:
6279:
6275:
6267:
6263:
6248:
6232:
6225:
6217:
6213:
6204:
6202:
6196:"ESKANDAR-NĀMA"
6192:
6188:
6180:
6176:
6168:
6164:
6156:
6152:
6141:
6128:
6113:
6109:
6100:
6096:
6088:
6084:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6046:
6042:
6033:
6029:
6023:
5999:
5995:
5964:Oriente Moderno
5956:
5952:
5945:
5931:
5927:
5920:
5906:
5902:
5879:
5875:
5864:
5860:
5849:
5845:
5839:
5817:
5813:
5792:
5788:
5781:
5767:
5763:
5755:
5747:
5743:
5736:
5722:
5718:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5680:
5676:
5669:
5645:
5638:
5625:
5621:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5583:
5576:
5556:Wout van Bekkum
5554:
5545:
5526:
5522:
5495:
5488:
5477:
5473:
5465:
5461:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5416:
5412:
5405:
5391:
5387:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5349:
5345:
5338:
5324:
5320:
5313:
5299:
5295:
5288:
5274:
5270:
5263:
5249:
5245:
5202:
5198:
5180:
5176:
5169:
5155:
5151:
5136:
5132:
5109:
5102:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5018:
5009:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4953:
4949:
4942:
4928:
4919:
4904:
4888:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4868:
4854:
4850:
4843:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4804:
4800:
4793:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4754:
4750:
4743:
4729:
4725:
4710:
4694:
4690:
4683:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4590:
4586:
4571:
4555:
4548:
4537:
4533:
4518:
4514:
4505:
4503:
4493:
4489:
4482:
4468:
4464:
4451:
4447:
4424:10.2307/2718540
4404:
4397:
4387:
4385:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4350:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4298:
4291:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4240:
4236:
4229:
4215:
4206:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4126:
4117:
4110:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4071:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3978:
3969:
3962:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3841:
3834:
3828:
3804:
3800:
3785:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3690:
3686:
3651:
3644:
3631:
3627:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3560:
3556:
3543:
3539:
3533:Anderson (1932)
3531:
3527:
3521:
3505:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3470:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3388:
3384:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3344:
3340:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3291:
3267:Ali-Shir Nava'i
3232:Taceddin Ahmedi
3221:
3175:Sadd-e Sekandar
3036:Sassanid Empire
3022:Theodor Nöldeke
3013:
3004:Uyghur alphabet
2995:
2942:
2903:
2891:White Monastery
2875:
2845:
2825:Jacob of Serugh
2753:
2734:translated the
2671:medieval Hebrew
2667:
2660:
2571:version of the
2565:
2390:
2384:
2379:
2353:
2245:
2182:Alexanders saga
2176:
2142:
2100:Robert Thornton
1989:King Alisaunder
1943:
1938:
1928:General Estoria
1894:
1870:, entitled the
1864:
1833:Jacopo di Carlo
1798:
1744:Jean de Le Mote
1617:King Alysaunder
1585:Lambert de Tort
1504:
1499:
1394:
1161:
1145:Mandinka people
1120:Ottoman Turkish
1116:Sefer HaAggadah
897:
866:
852:, published by
842:
804:
773:
719:
713:
688:Ptolemy I Soter
680:the horned king
672:
666:
613:
607:
602:
590:Ptolemy I Soter
508:
476:Byzantine Greek
381:
347:
295:
294:Cultural impact
292:
264:
261:
227:
224:
121:
118:
102:Balkan campaign
93:
90:
59:
57:
56:
55:
52:
50:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7096:
7086:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7073:Greek folklore
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7018:
7016:
7015:Related topics
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
6999:
6988:
6981:
6972:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6942:
6931:
6920:
6909:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6890:
6882:
6881:
6874:
6867:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6815:
6814:External links
6812:
6811:
6810:
6804:
6791:
6785:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6744:
6741:
6726:
6725:Hamburg, 2013.
6721:Kotar, Peter,
6719:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6678:Chasseur, M.,
6676:
6669:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6647:, ed. (1889).
6641:
6634:
6619:
6604:
6589:
6586:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6552:van Donzel, E.
6548:Bosworth, C.E.
6532:
6512:Krämer, Gudrun
6508:Cook, David B.
6504:
6495:
6493:. I.B. Tauris.
6486:
6481:
6466:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6433:
6413:
6411:, p. 510.
6401:
6394:
6376:
6364:
6334:
6327:
6309:
6297:
6285:
6273:
6261:
6246:
6223:
6211:
6186:
6174:
6162:
6150:
6126:
6107:
6094:
6082:
6070:
6040:
6027:
6021:
5993:
5950:
5943:
5925:
5918:
5900:
5889:(2): 285–313.
5873:
5858:
5843:
5837:
5811:
5786:
5779:
5761:
5741:
5734:
5716:
5704:
5674:
5667:
5636:
5619:
5607:
5574:
5571:10.2307/751298
5543:
5520:
5486:
5471:
5469:, p. 398.
5459:
5444:
5438:
5410:
5403:
5385:
5373:
5343:
5336:
5318:
5311:
5293:
5286:
5268:
5261:
5243:
5216:(1): 146–147.
5196:
5191:Dhū al-Qarnayn
5182:Watt 1960–2007
5174:
5167:
5149:
5130:
5100:
5081:(2): 257–289.
5062:
5055:
5037:
5030:
5007:
4988:(3): 371–400.
4972:
4965:
4947:
4940:
4917:
4902:
4882:
4873:
4866:
4848:
4841:
4823:
4816:
4798:
4791:
4773:
4766:
4748:
4741:
4723:
4708:
4688:
4681:
4663:
4656:
4638:
4631:
4613:
4606:
4584:
4569:
4546:
4531:
4512:
4487:
4480:
4462:
4445:
4395:
4370:
4348:
4327:
4320:
4289:
4259:
4252:
4234:
4227:
4204:
4192:
4162:
4150:
4115:
4108:
4090:
4083:
4062:
4060:, p. 761.
4050:
4043:
4022:
4015:
3997:
3990:
3967:
3960:
3939:
3932:
3914:
3907:
3889:
3877:
3865:
3832:
3826:
3798:
3783:
3763:
3756:
3738:
3731:
3711:
3704:
3684:
3642:
3625:
3604:10.2307/282906
3578:
3572:
3554:
3537:
3525:
3519:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3468:
3445:
3421:
3414:
3382:
3363:
3356:
3338:
3336:, p. 757.
3325:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3274:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3195:
3182:
3165:
3155:
3152:Badri Kashmiri
3138:
3125:
3108:
3087:
3078:
3075:Nizami Ganjavi
3065:
3052:
3039:
3018:Middle Persian
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2998:The Mongolian
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2961:Dhu al-Qarnayn
2941:
2938:
2902:
2899:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2815:
2782:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2728:
2705:
2701:Sefer Yosippon
2692:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2543:
2530:
2526:sīra shaʿbiyya
2503:
2490:
2483:
2460:
2441:Hispano-Arabic
2427:
2410:
2395:Dhu al-Qarnayn
2386:Main article:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2307:
2294:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2223:
2204:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2163:of Strasbourg.
2158:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2124:
2108:
2107:
2090:
2068:
2044:
2037:Paulus Orosius
1997:
1965:Middle English
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1915:
1893:
1890:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1849:
1836:
1823:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1772:
1764:
1761:Jean Wauquelin
1751:
1735:
1719:
1701:
1683:
1672:Prise de Defur
1668:
1660:
1651:
1648:Gui de Cambrai
1639:
1632:
1620:
1614:Middle English
1610:Thomas de Kent
1600:
1596:Mort Alixandre
1592:
1576:
1564:
1556:
1536:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1465:
1452:
1445:Constantinople
1425:
1417:Zacher Epitome
1412:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1376:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1310:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1221:
1198:Medieval Greek
1160:
1157:
1153:Sundiata Keita
1094:Middle Eastern
1031:Central German
968:Zacher Epitome
928:Constantinople
922:resurged when
896:
890:
865:
862:
841:
838:
803:
800:
772:
769:
715:Main article:
712:
709:
668:Main article:
665:
662:
609:Main article:
606:
603:
601:
598:
529:, the wife of
507:
504:
500:literary genre
472:Middle Persian
440:pseudonymously
403:Persian Empire
383:
382:
380:
379:
372:
365:
357:
354:
353:
346:
345:
344:
343:
332:
331:
330:
329:
324:
315:Historiography
311:
310:
309:
308:
293:
291:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
262:
260:
259:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
234:
233:
225:
223:
222:
221:
220:
215:
204:
203:
202:
201:
196:
185:
184:
183:
182:
171:
170:
169:
168:
158:
157:
156:
151:
140:
139:
138:
137:
132:
119:
117:
116:
115:
114:
109:
99:
91:
89:
88:
83:
78:
70:
69:
66:
65:
53:a series about
49:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7095:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7028:
7027:Milesian tale
7025:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7013:
7007:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6943:
6941:
6937:
6936:
6935:Ephesian Tale
6932:
6930:
6926:
6925:
6921:
6919:
6915:
6914:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6903:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6892:
6888:and novelists
6887:
6880:
6875:
6873:
6868:
6866:
6861:
6860:
6857:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6807:
6801:
6797:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6778:
6773:
6770:
6766:
6763:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6720:
6717:
6716:90-420-0213-1
6713:
6709:
6706:
6705:Neophilologus
6702:
6699:
6698:Neophilologus
6695:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6670:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6635:
6632:
6631:0-14-044560-9
6628:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6616:0-231-04416-X
6613:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6601:2-253-06655-9
6598:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6545:
6544:Bianquis, Th.
6541:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6496:
6492:
6487:
6484:
6482:9780910956079
6478:
6474:
6473:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6457:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6426:
6425:
6417:
6410:
6405:
6397:
6391:
6387:
6380:
6367:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6338:
6330:
6324:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6301:
6294:
6289:
6282:
6277:
6270:
6265:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6243:
6239:
6238:
6230:
6228:
6220:
6215:
6201:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6178:
6171:
6166:
6159:
6154:
6146:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6122:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6098:
6091:
6086:
6073:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6031:
6024:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6004:
5997:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5954:
5946:
5940:
5936:
5929:
5921:
5915:
5911:
5904:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5815:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5797:
5790:
5782:
5776:
5772:
5765:
5754:
5753:
5745:
5737:
5731:
5727:
5720:
5707:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5678:
5670:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5643:
5641:
5632:
5631:
5623:
5610:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5581:
5579:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5539:
5538:Acta Classica
5535:
5533:
5524:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5493:
5491:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5463:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5421:
5414:
5406:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5376:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5339:
5333:
5329:
5322:
5314:
5308:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5264:
5258:
5254:
5247:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5200:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5170:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5145:
5141:
5134:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5107:
5105:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5069:
5067:
5058:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5033:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4976:
4968:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4886:
4877:
4869:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4844:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4819:
4813:
4809:
4802:
4794:
4788:
4784:
4777:
4769:
4763:
4759:
4752:
4744:
4738:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4617:
4609:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4588:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4553:
4551:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4502:
4501:History Today
4498:
4491:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4457:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4400:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4341:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4296:
4294:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4230:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4195:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4153:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4111:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4086:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4067:
4059:
4054:
4046:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4018:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3944:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3881:
3868:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3839:
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3829:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3647:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3541:
3535:, p. 11.
3534:
3529:
3522:
3520:9780141907116
3516:
3512:
3511:
3503:
3497:, p. 35.
3496:
3495:Anderson 1932
3491:
3485:, p. 37.
3484:
3483:Anderson 1932
3479:
3471:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3236:Emir Suleyman
3233:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3213:
3212:Eskandar-nâme
3209:
3205:
3204:Eskandar-nâme
3201:
3200:Eskandar-nâme
3196:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3170:Sekandar-nâme
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:Iskandarnameh
3156:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3070:Iskandarnameh
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3057:Iskandarnameh
3053:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2812:Gog and Magog
2809:
2805:
2804:Syriac Legend
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2614:by Abû Shâker
2613:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:Zēnā Eskender
2599:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:The story of
2392:
2391:
2389:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2249:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:MS Bodley 264
2054:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1866:The Romanian
1856:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:Jean le Court
1725:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:by a certain
1570:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:Middle French
1509:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:, a medieval
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:Leo of Naples
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1289:Jürgen Trumpf
1286:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1249:Recension γ:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:Wilhelm Kroll
1211:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1107:Iskandarnameh
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:. Subsequent
1091:
1090:Gog and Magog
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:Alexanderlied
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
989:
988:
983:
982:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:
947:
943:
939:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
895:
889:
887:
883:
878:
875:
871:
861:
859:
855:
854:Adolf Ausfeld
851:
847:
837:
835:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
799:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:The original
768:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
748:
747:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
724:
718:
708:
706:
705:
700:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
671:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:Gog and Magog
642:
634:
630:
622:
617:
612:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:Water of Life
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:Ancient Greek
428:
426:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:
378:
373:
371:
366:
364:
359:
358:
356:
355:
351:
342:
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
325:
323:
322:
318:
317:
316:
313:
312:
307:
306:
302:
301:
300:
297:
296:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
236:
235:
232:
229:
228:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
209:
206:
205:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
172:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
135:Halicarnassus
133:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
72:
71:
62:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
36:
29:
25:
22:
7083:Dhul-Qarnayn
7001:
6992:A True Story
6990:
6983:
6974:
6967:
6966:
6944:
6933:
6922:
6911:
6900:
6795:
6776:
6768:
6761:
6747:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6722:
6704:
6697:
6690:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6649:
6637:
6622:
6607:
6592:
6582:
6576:Translations
6559:
6519:
6499:
6490:
6471:
6461:
6423:
6416:
6404:
6385:
6379:
6369:, retrieved
6347:
6337:
6318:
6312:
6300:
6288:
6276:
6264:
6236:
6214:
6203:. Retrieved
6199:
6189:
6177:
6165:
6153:
6144:
6120:
6110:
6102:
6097:
6085:
6075:, retrieved
6053:
6043:
6030:
6002:
5996:
5963:
5953:
5934:
5928:
5909:
5903:
5886:
5876:
5867:
5861:
5852:
5846:
5820:
5814:
5803:
5789:
5770:
5764:
5751:
5744:
5725:
5719:
5709:, retrieved
5687:
5677:
5649:
5629:
5622:
5612:, retrieved
5590:
5562:
5559:
5537:
5531:
5523:
5514:
5502:
5498:
5480:
5474:
5462:
5453:
5447:
5419:
5413:
5394:
5388:
5378:, retrieved
5356:
5346:
5327:
5321:
5302:
5296:
5277:
5271:
5252:
5246:
5213:
5209:
5199:
5177:
5158:
5152:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5116:
5078:
5046:
5040:
5021:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4956:
4950:
4931:
4892:
4885:
4876:
4857:
4851:
4832:
4826:
4807:
4801:
4782:
4776:
4757:
4751:
4732:
4726:
4698:
4691:
4672:
4666:
4647:
4641:
4622:
4616:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4559:
4540:
4534:
4525:
4515:
4504:. Retrieved
4500:
4490:
4471:
4465:
4455:
4448:
4415:
4411:
4386:. Retrieved
4382:
4373:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4339:
4302:
4275:
4271:
4243:
4237:
4218:
4197:, retrieved
4175:
4165:
4155:, retrieved
4133:
4099:
4093:
4074:
4053:
4034:
4006:
4000:
3981:
3951:
3923:
3917:
3898:
3892:
3880:
3870:, retrieved
3848:
3807:
3801:
3773:
3766:
3747:
3741:
3721:
3714:
3694:
3687:
3662:
3658:
3635:
3628:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3563:
3557:
3547:
3540:
3528:
3509:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3459:
3437:. Retrieved
3433:
3424:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3347:
3341:
3329:
3281:
3277:
3262:
3256:
3250:İskendernâme
3249:
3243:İskendernâme
3242:
3227:İskendernâme
3225:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3185:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3159:
3147:
3141:
3135:Ahli Shirazi
3128:
3117:
3111:
3101:Amir Khusrow
3096:
3090:
3081:
3069:
3061:
3055:
3043:
3025:
2999:
2980:
2971:
2964:
2946:
2933:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2882:
2876:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2835:
2828:
2818:
2807:
2803:
2791:
2785:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2756:
2754:
2735:
2712:
2699:
2688:
2682:
2674:
2668:
2649:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2587:
2581:
2572:
2566:
2555:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2524:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2486:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2455:produced in
2436:
2430:
2419:
2413:
2402:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2256:
2254:
2235:
2229:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2202:
2199:Gyðinga saga
2191:Alexandreis.
2190:
2180:
2166:
2160:
2146:
2126:
2121:John Barbour
2114:
2109:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2030:
2023:Nectanebo II
2010:
2006:
2000:
1987:
1981:Middle Scots
1977:John Barbour
1958:
1950:
1945:In medieval
1944:
1926:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1897:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1809:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1774:
1766:
1754:
1747:
1737:
1731:
1721:
1713:
1703:
1695:
1685:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1641:
1635:
1622:
1616:
1603:
1594:
1578:
1566:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1522:
1516:Anglo-Norman
1505:
1468:
1455:
1436:
1432:
1421:
1415:
1408:
1398:
1385:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1332:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1298:Recensio λ:
1292:
1287:Recensio ε:
1279:
1275:Recensio δ:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1226:L. Bergson,
1223:Recensio β:
1217:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1105:
1085:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1038:
1024:
1010:
1007:Middle Scots
992:
985:
980:
959:
949:
935:
931:
919:
917:
912:
908:
898:
893:
885:
881:
879:
873:
869:
867:
857:
849:
845:
843:
840:Commentaries
831:
824:Nectanebo II
807:
805:
795:
793:
784:
776:
774:
758:
754:
750:
744:
730:
720:
702:
675:
673:
628:
626:
621:Darial Gorge
571:
569:, and more.
543:
511:Nectanebo II
509:
450:
448:
444:Callisthenes
429:
422:
418:
398:
389:
388:
386:
320:
304:
303:
218:Sogdian Rock
194:Persian Gate
24:
6975:Babyloniaca
6540:Bearman, P.
6409:Casari 2023
6305:Casari 2023
6293:Casari 2023
6281:Casari 2023
6269:Casari 2023
6219:Casari 2023
6182:Casari 2023
6170:Casari 2023
6158:Casari 2023
6090:Casari 2023
5467:Casari 2023
4388:19 December
4058:Dowden 2019
3885:Dowden 2019
3598:: 102–103.
3334:Dowden 2019
3179:Bâgh-e Eram
3113:Kherad-nâme
2800:Justinian I
2621:by al-Makin
2586:within the
2498:, like the
2480:al-Tha'labi
2418:(fully the
2287:Chronograph
2279:Chronograph
2227:Old Swedish
2145:The German
2133:Gilbert Hay
2078:Alexander C
2053:Alexander B
2011:Alexander A
1973:Early Scots
1587:, composed
1531:, composed
1488:writer and
1470:Alexandreis
1462:Middle Ages
1204:version by
1149:Mali Empire
1082:Justinian I
976:Charlemagne
951:Alexandreis
942:Middle Ages
905:Middle Ages
899:Throughout
820:Cleitarchus
763:and in the
637:Μαζοί Βορρά
623:before 1906
513:, the last
175:Mesopotamia
7042:Categories
6979:Iamblichus
6902:Aethiopica
6464:. Peeters.
6371:2024-03-19
6205:2024-03-08
6077:2024-03-25
5796:"Romances"
5711:2024-03-11
5614:2024-03-22
5380:2024-03-13
5119:(2): 291.
4966:0824047877
4718:1089840999
4579:1089840999
4506:2024-03-20
4199:2024-03-11
4157:2024-03-11
3872:2024-01-17
3439:2024-03-11
3316:References
3164:(d. 1588).
3083:Dârâb-nâme
3034:writer in
2784:The prose
2558:from Mali.
2482:(d. 1036).
2457:Al-Andalus
2443:legend of
2291:Alexandria
2270:Alexandria
2098:copied by
1872:Alexandria
1816:Quilichino
1748:Paon Cycle
1715:Paon Cycle
1535:1110–1125.
1490:theologian
1424:by Julius.
1422:Res gestae
1003:Old French
1001:, such as
816:Darius III
699:Lysimachus
684:Zeus Ammon
559:Darius III
551:Alexandria
523:Macedonian
327:Chronology
199:Persepolis
125:Asia Minor
92:Early rule
76:Early life
19:See also:
6443:794706981
6256:847943593
5980:0030-5472
5895:0324-1645
5238:251486595
5230:2474-8420
5186:Cook 2013
5146:: 71–264.
5125:0324-1645
5095:2392-2419
4994:0036-5637
4912:426810057
4432:0073-0548
4272:Le Muséon
3901:. Brill.
3793:794706981
3671:0392-4866
3612:0065-9711
3321:Citations
3044:Shahnameh
3032:Christian
2993:Mongolian
2926:Mongolian
2924:and by a
2796:Heraclius
2462:A second
2187:Old Norse
2169:of Basel.
2167:Alexander
2161:Alexander
2151:Lamprecht
2027:Byzantium
1923:Alfonso X
1804:include:
1524:Alexandre
1478:epic poem
1356:, 2 vols
1335:, 2 vols
1141:epic poem
1078:Heraclius
1055:Hungarian
1035:Lamprecht
828:Sesostris
812:Aristotle
727:Gilgamesh
586:Antipater
582:Babylonia
535:Aristotle
213:Cyropolis
180:Gaugamela
81:Education
6918:Chariton
6558:(eds.).
6518:(eds.).
5988:25817892
5516:Romance.
5002:40918962
4418:: 1–99.
3679:43927088
3289:See also
3049:Ferdowsi
2901:Georgian
2843:Armenian
2684:Josippon
2569:Ethiopic
2563:Ethiopic
2515:popular
2485:A third
2371:Josephus
2325:Dalmatia
2281:(or the
2275:Bulgaria
2195:Skálholt
2061:Brahmins
1969:Scotland
1888:(1762).
1862:Romanian
1820:Recanati
1573:Eustache
1514:and one
1301:lib. 3:
1143:for the
1112:Ethiopic
1051:Romanian
1047:Slavonic
903:and the
654:Bithynia
650:Bebrykes
539:Olympics
527:Olympias
488:Armenian
460:Malaysia
415:centaurs
321:Anabasis
250:Hydaspes
130:Granicus
6822:at the
6798:. Isd.
6454:Sources
5802:(ed.).
4440:2718540
4356:Romance
3248:The of
3219:Turkish
3016:A lost
3011:Persian
2887:Sahidic
2883:Romance
2808:Romance
2604:or the
2588:Romance
2517:romance
2367:Orosius
2333:Balkans
2304:Romance
2285:). The
2185:was an
2135:, 1499.
1955:Chaucer
1947:England
1892:Spanish
1876:Romania
1796:Italian
1677:Picardy
1675:, from
1102:Persian
1086:Romance
1068:Romance
1021:Spanish
1017:Italian
987:Beowulf
960:Romance
946:Gospels
913:Romance
909:Romance
894:Romance
882:Romance
874:Romance
870:Romance
846:Romance
802:Sources
789:Polaris
785:Romance
755:Romance
629:Romance
594:Memphis
578:Amazons
515:Pharaoh
484:Persian
419:Romance
407:romance
399:Romance
299:Legends
255:Mallian
208:Bactria
6997:Lucian
6929:Longus
6802:
6783:
6754:
6714:
6629:
6614:
6599:
6479:
6441:
6431:
6392:
6362:
6325:
6254:
6244:
6068:
6019:
5986:
5978:
5941:
5916:
5893:
5835:
5777:
5732:
5702:
5665:
5605:
5436:
5401:
5371:
5334:
5309:
5284:
5259:
5236:
5228:
5165:
5123:
5093:
5053:
5028:
5000:
4992:
4963:
4938:
4910:
4900:
4864:
4839:
4814:
4789:
4764:
4739:
4716:
4706:
4679:
4654:
4629:
4604:
4577:
4567:
4478:
4438:
4430:
4346:
4318:
4250:
4225:
4190:
4148:
4106:
4081:
4041:
4013:
3988:
3958:
3930:
3905:
3863:
3824:
3791:
3781:
3754:
3729:
3702:
3677:
3669:
3620:282906
3618:
3610:
3570:
3517:
3466:
3412:
3354:
2879:Coptic
2873:Coptic
2836:Legend
2829:Legend
2802:. The
2751:Syriac
2658:Hebrew
2529:genre.
2519:about
2513:Arabic
2449:Madrid
2382:Arabic
2243:Slavic
2140:German
1949:, the
1502:French
1486:French
1282:(1965)
1173:Venice
1098:Arabic
995:Europe
972:Alcuin
966:, the
907:, the
765:Talmud
751:daimōn
746:daimōn
696:Thrace
658:Turkey
496:Hebrew
494:, and
492:Syriac
480:Arabic
464:Coptic
411:sirens
397:. The
283:Cities
245:Aornos
240:Cophen
189:Persia
112:Thebes
107:Pelium
5984:JSTOR
5798:. In
5756:(PDF)
5530:"The
5234:S2CID
4998:JSTOR
4436:JSTOR
3675:JSTOR
3616:JSTOR
3177:, or
3150:) of
3120:) of
3099:) of
2953:Malay
2951:is a
2940:Malay
2577:Geʽez
2478:) of
2399:Quran
2351:Irish
2259:into
2174:Norse
2106:1440.
1996:1275.
1992:from
1975:poet
1900:are:
1682:1250.
1591:1170.
1475:Latin
1392:Latin
1367:Athos
1202:Latin
1159:Greek
1139:, an
1023:(the
999:Bible
974:sent
692:Egypt
652:, of
633:Greek
574:India
519:Egypt
468:Ge'ez
436:Latin
424:roman
268:Death
161:Egypt
149:Issus
144:Syria
6800:ISBN
6781:ISBN
6752:ISBN
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