6081:
6363:
455:
540:
6262:
6468:) in nature, and translated from Greek. Indeed, the range and scope of the translation enterprise undertaken in the first century of the new Axumite church has few parallels in the early centuries of Christian history. The outcome was an Ethiopic Bible containing 81 Books: 46 of the Old Testament and 35 of the New. A number of these Books are called "deuterocanonical" (or "apocryphal" according to certain Western theologians), such as the
57:
429:
179:
6523:). These works are the theological foundation of the Ethiopic Church. In the later 5th century, the Aksumite Collection—an extensive selection of liturgical, theological, synodical and historical materials—was translated into Geʽez from Greek, providing a fundamental set of instructions and laws for the developing Axumite Church. Included in this collection is a translation of the
4230:, "his"), thereby losing the case/state distinction, but the distinction may be retained in the case of consonant-final singular nouns. Furthermore, suffix pronouns may or may not attract stress to themselves. In the following table, pronouns without a stress mark (an acute) are not stressed, and vowel-initial suffixes have also been given the base
6737:, although probably first written in Arabic and later rewritten in an expanded Geʽez version around 1532, is considered one of the classics of later Geʽez literature. During this period, Ethiopian writers begin to address differences between the Ethiopian and the Roman Catholic Church in such works as the
6553:
After the decline of the
Aksumites, a lengthy gap follows; Some writers consider the period beginning from the 14th century an actual "Golden Age" of Geʽez literature—although by this time Geʽez was no longer a living language; in particular in the major enterprise of translating an extensive library
6313:
of David and was considered an important landmark in a child's education, being celebrated by the parents with a feast to which the teacher, father confessor, relatives and neighbours were invited. A boy who had reached this stage would moreover usually be able to write, and might act as a letter
1370:) have merged with ሰ and ጸ respectively in the phonological system represented by the traditional pronunciation—and indeed in all modern Ethiopian Semitic. ... There is, however, no evidence either in the tradition or in Ethiopian Semitic what value these consonants may have had in Geʽez."
6432:(appearing varyingly in the epigraphic South Arabian script, and unvocalized or vocalized Ethiopic/Geʽez script) have been dated to as early as the 4th century CE. The surviving Geʽez literature properly begins in the same century with the Christianization of the Aksum, during the reign of
2613:("sister"). These are less strongly distinguished than in other Semitic languages, as many nouns not denoting humans can be used in either gender: in translated Christian texts there is even a tendency for nouns to follow the gender of the noun with a corresponding meaning in Greek.
6293:. For example, around 200 texts were written about indigenous Ethiopian saints from the fourteenth through the nineteenth century. Traditional education was the responsibility of priests and monks. "The Church thus constituted the custodian of the nation's culture", says
2360:
There is no evidence within the script of stress rules in the ancient period, but stress patterns exist within the liturgical tradition(s). Accounts of these patterns are, however, contradictory. One early 20th-century account may be broadly summarized as follows:
6329:
comprises some 800 manuscripts dating from the 15th to the 20th centuries, notably including magical and divinatory scrolls, and illuminated manuscripts of the 16th to 17th centuries. It was initiated by a donation of 74 codices by the
6633:") written in Hebrew in the 10th century, which covers the period from the Captivity to the capture of Jerusalem by Titus. Apart from theological works, the earliest contemporary Royal Chronicles of Ethiopia are date to the reign of
6561:
While there is ample evidence that it had been replaced by
Amharic in the south and by Tigrinya and Tigre in the north, Geʽez remained in use as the official written language until the 19th century, its status comparable to that of
5674:
Lambdin notes that in comparison to the construct state, this kind of possession is only possible when the possessor is definite and specific. Lambdin also notes that the construct state is the unmarked form of possession in Geʽez.
2268:
6504:. The Book of Enoch in particular is notable since its complete text has survived in no other language; and, for the other works listed, the Ethiopic version is highly regarded as a witness to the original text.
1345:
Because Geʽez is no longer spoken in daily life by large communities, the early pronunciation of some consonants is not completely certain. Gragg writes that "he consonants corresponding to the graphemes
2984:, singular and plural nouns often take the same final inflectional affixes for case and state, as number morphology is achieved via attaching a suffix to the stem and/or an internal change in the stem.
6301:
Traditional education was largely biblical. It began with the learning of the alphabet, or more properly, syllabary... The student's second grade comprised the memorization of the first chapter of the
6629:
was retranslated into Geʽez from Arabic. Another translation from this period is Zena ʼAyhud, a translation (probably from an Arabic translation) of Joseph ben Gurion's "History of the Jews" ("Sefer
7179:"They read the Bible in Geez" (Leaders and Religion of the Beth Israel); "after each passage, recited in Geez, the translation is read in Kailina" (Festivals). , publication date 1901–1906.
541:
6386:, though an alternative hypothesis posits that the Semitic languages of Eritrea and Ethiopia may best be considered an independent branch of Semitic, with Geʽez and the closely related
6714:("Laws of the Kings"), thought to have been around 1450, and ascribed to one Petros Abda Sayd — that was later to function as the supreme Law for Ethiopia, until it was replaced by a
8930:
1385:
in the traditional pronunciation. Though the use of a different letter shows that it must originally have had some other pronunciation, what that pronunciation was is not certain.
7091:
Qāla {} barakat {} za-Henok {} zakama {} bāraka {} ḫəruyāna {} waṣādəqāna {} ʾəlla {} hallawu {} yəkunu {} baʿəlata {} məndābe {} laʾasassəlo {} kʷəllu {} ʾəkuyān {} warasiʿān {}
2348:"fire"). Apart from this, Geʽez phonology is comparably conservative; the only other Proto-Semitic phonological contrasts lost may be the interdental fricatives and
2560:
Due to the high predictability of stress location in most words, textbooks, dictionaries and grammars generally do not mark it. Minimal pairs do exist, however, such as
5632:
Another common way of indicating possession by a noun phrase combines the pronominal suffix on a noun with the possessor preceded by the preposition /la=/ 'to, for':
3654:
Quadriconsonantal and some triconsonantal nouns follow the following pattern. Triconsonantal nouns that take this pattern must have at least one "long" vowel (namely
6305:
in Geez. The study of writing would probably also begin at this time, and particularly in more modern times some arithmetic might be added. In the third stage the
2987:
There is some morphological interaction between consonant-final nouns and a pronoun suffix (see the table of suffix pronouns below). For example, when followed by
6080:
6644:
7752:, p. 41: "Plural noun. All plural nouns have a suffix -i- added to the stem before the pronominal suffixes. There are no distinct accusative forms."
6413:, serving at least as a witness to a presence of speakers of Semitic languages in the region. There is some evidence of Semitic languages being spoken in
11619:
6095:, a script that was originally developed specifically for this language. In languages that use it, such as Amharic and Tigrinya, the script is called
5722:
There are three special prepositions, /ba=/ 'in, with', /la=/ 'to, for', /ʼəm=/ 'from', which always appear as clitics, as in the following examples:
11624:
6647:
of Aksum is among the most significant works of
Ethiopian literature, combining history, allegory and symbolism in a retelling of the story of the
6531:, and lost in the original Greek) for which the Ethiopic version provides much the best surviving witness. Another important religious document is
6637:(1314–44). With the appearance of the "Victory Songs" of Amda Seyon, this period also marks the beginning of Amharic literature. The 14th century
1379:. Gragg notes that it corresponds in etymology to velar or uvular fricatives in other Semitic languages, but it is pronounced exactly the same as
8967:
8906:
7098:, wherewith he blessed the chosen and righteous who would be alive in the day of tribulation for the removal of all wrongdoers and backsliders."
11599:
8326:
8918:
2539:
As one example of a discrepancy, a different late 19th-century account says the masculine singular imperative is stressed on the ultima (e.g.
6309:
were studied, while certain prayers were also learnt, and writing and arithmetic continued. ... The fourth stage began with the study of the
11639:
8927:
6757:("Faith of the Fathers"). Around the year 1600, a number of works were translated from Arabic into Geʽez for the first time, including the
6109:
The Geʽez script has been adapted to write other languages, usually ones that are also
Semitic. The most widespread use is for Amharic in
9555:
10805:
6318:
However, works of history and chronography, ecclesiastical and civil law, philology, medicine, and letters were also written in Geʽez.
3955:
In the independent pronouns, gender is not distinguished in the 1st person, and case is only distinguished in the 3rd person singular.
8350:
8653:
Das
Verbalsystem des Altäthiopischen: Eine Untersuchung seiner Verwendung und Funktion unter Berücksichtigung des Interferenzproblems
6721:
By the beginning of the 16th century, the
Islamic invasions put an end to the flourishing of Ethiopian literature. A letter of Abba ʼ
10118:
8775:
11594:
10069:
10044:
8940:
8032:
7480:, p. 177: "/ä/ is low central front, higher and more forward than /a/, secondarily perhaps also shorter; approximates IPA ."
10980:
10108:
10087:
6362:
454:
10955:
10103:
8858:
8836:
8760:
8705:
8690:
8660:
8645:
8637:
8619:
8604:
8589:
8544:
8515:
8453:
8306:
8261:
8219:
8185:
8164:
8143:
8122:
8101:
8011:
7449:
7418:
11604:
6331:
2548:, "speak!"), and that, in some patterns, words can be stressed on the third-, fourth- or even fifth-to-last syllable (e.g.
1988:
442:
10970:
10965:
10138:
10133:
8960:
7864:
2215:
2175:
1871:
446:
408:
121:
8415:
8273:
6782:
6282:
574:
322:
93:
4218:
is lost when a plural noun with a consonant-final stem has a pronoun suffix attached (generally replaced by the added
11511:
8584:, Orbis Biblicus Et Orientalis – Subsidia Linguistica (OBO SL) 2, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Verlag 2005.
8496:
8477:
6786:
6278:
570:
318:
140:
8829:
Comparative
Dictionary of Ge'ez (Classical Ethiopic): Geez—English, English—Geez, with an Index of the Semitic Roots
10059:
6322:
599:, Eritrea. The monument dates to the early Aksumite period and bears an example of the ancient Geʽez script.
6256:
2535:
various grammatical words (short prepositions, conjunctions) and short nouns in the construct state are unstressed
100:
11365:
11025:
10064:
10054:
9548:
8293:
6417:
since approximately 2000 BC. Unlike previously assumed, the Geʽez language is now not regarded as an offshoot of
6325:
are found outside of
Ethiopia in France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The collection in the
2591:
Geʽez distinguishes two genders, masculine and feminine, the latter of which is sometimes marked with the suffix
1950:
1457:
751:
714:
398:
11614:
10798:
10393:
8953:
8457:
2785:
Nouns also have two cases: the nominative, which is not marked, and the accusative, which is marked with final
2050:
78:
946:
Geʽez is transliterated according to the following system (see the phoneme table below for IPA values):
11609:
11550:
10049:
9961:
6715:
6277:
there are many medieval and early modern original texts. Most important works are also the literature of the
6016:
679:
6448:. There exist about a dozen long inscriptions dating to the 4th and 5th centuries, and over 200 short ones.
355:
107:
11629:
11380:
10975:
10960:
10128:
10113:
8889:
6343:
6294:
1969:
730:
6334:
in the 1830s and 1840s, and substantially expanded by 349 codices, looted by the
British from the Emperor
4236:
3655:
2293:
1421:
1393:
1389:
905:
901:
897:
893:
877:
867:
857:
841:
817:
813:
11544:
11065:
10727:
10123:
9837:
9029:
8881:
2319:
2126:
2069:
1852:
665:
263:
258:
11589:
7088:ቃለ ፡ በረከት ፡ ዘሄኖክ ፡ ዘከመ ፡ ባረከ ፡ ኅሩያነ ፡ ወጻድቃነ ፡ እለ ፡ ሀለዉ ፡ ይኩኑ ፡ በዕለተ ፡ ምንዳቤ ፡ ለአሰስሎ ፡ ኵሉ ፡ እኩያን ፡ ወረሲዓን ።
6125:, Agew, and most other languages of Ethiopia. In Eritrea it is used for Tigre, and it is often used for
5927:
Questions with a wh-word ('who', 'what', etc.) show the question word at the beginning of the sentence:
5459:
Relative clauses are introduced by a pronoun which agrees in gender and number with the preceding noun:
11634:
11030:
10940:
9982:
9975:
9541:
8698:
Annotated and
Classified Bibliography of English Literature Pertaining to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church
8510:. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo: Cambridge University Press.
7139:, p. 242: "Ge‘ez disappeared as a spoken language probably some time before the tenth century CE."
6726:
6347:
6146:
2365:
primary stress only falls on the ultima (the last syllable) or the penult (the second-to-last syllable)
2297:
2194:
1626:
1607:
1460:
transcription, followed by its representation in the Geʽez script and scholarly transliteration.
782:
89:
9696:
9120:
2386:("speak!", masculine singular), with the important exception of the 2nd-person feminine plural suffix
10934:
10929:
10791:
10641:
9932:
9910:
9894:
9643:
9623:
9588:
9077:
8903:
8614:. Translated by Hasselbach-Andee, Rebecca. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
7880:
7209:
6790:
6118:
3105:
Internal plurals follow certain patterns. Triconsonantal nouns follow one of the following patterns.
2099:
2028:
2009:
788:
578:
330:
8334:
7578:
933:, which is widely employed in academia, the contrast here represented as a/ā is represented as ä/a.
74:
11243:
11211:
10404:
10027:
9522:
9323:
9313:
9288:
8771:
7095:
6794:
2287:) obstruents. The Proto-Semitic "emphasis" in Geʽez has been generalized to include emphatic
930:
693:
582:
326:
17:
11357:
11258:
11106:
10916:
10446:
10383:
10207:
9593:
9378:
7410:
7214:
6684:
6625:
6335:
1739:
1720:
1668:
1649:
757:
615:
551:
253:
67:
7374:"The Languages of Ethiopia: A New Lexicostatistic Classification and Some Problems of Diffusion"
614:
at 62%. Most linguists believe that Geʽez does not constitute a common ancestor of modern
9769:
9606:
9583:
9578:
9388:
6481:
6406:
6383:
6274:
1833:
1814:
248:
10164:
7404:
2616:
There are two numbers, singular and plural. The plural can be constructed either by suffixing
618:
but became a separate language early on from another hypothetical unattested common language.
11554:
11540:
11087:
11040:
11020:
11013:
11003:
10998:
10990:
10822:
10771:
10343:
10016:
9682:
9668:
8976:
7435:
7222:
7118:
6656:
6302:
2156:
1557:
1538:
238:
31:
9406:
8786:
8753:
Anthologia Aethiopica, Herausgegeben und mit einem Nachwort versehen von Ernst Hammerschmidt
5848:
11501:
11452:
11284:
10698:
10409:
9747:
8358:
7113:
6306:
4212:
Suffix pronouns attach at the end of a noun, preposition or verb. The accusative/construct
1781:
1762:
1491:
2791:. As in other Semitic languages, there are at least two "states", absolute (unmarked) and
2397:
in nouns and adjectives (in citation form), and most adverbs, stress falls on the ultima:
8:
11491:
11045:
11035:
10712:
10350:
10293:
10221:
10182:
10158:
10003:
9818:
9779:
8809:
8734:
8716:
8532:
7579:"Sounds of Gǝʽǝz – How to Study the Phonetics and Phonology of an Ancient Language"
6617:
6524:
6512:
6469:
5557:
to the possessed noun, which is followed by the possessor, as in the following examples:
1916:
1910:
1892:
566:
314:
220:
8928:
Researcher identifies second-oldest Ethiopian manuscript in existence in HMML's archives
114:
11426:
11418:
11332:
11278:
11153:
11115:
11081:
11008:
9461:
9155:
9107:
8553:
Mercer, Samuel Alfred Browne, "Ethiopic grammar: with chrestomathy and glossary" 1920 (
8241:
7919:
7148:
6528:
6441:
6436:. The oldest known example of the Geʽez script, unvocalized and containing religiously
6130:
2284:
2280:
2252:
2248:
1806:
1476:
592:
11318:
10536:
10414:
9082:
8569:. Abessinische Studien. Vol. 1. Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co.
8528:("A new grammar and dictionary"), Dire Dawa: Artistik Matämiya Bet 1955/6 (E.C. 1948).
8386:
8036:
388:
30:"Ethiopic language" redirects here. For the various languages spoken in Ethiopia, see
11521:
11507:
11473:
11339:
10684:
10478:
10357:
10230:
9991:
9949:
9823:
9616:
9564:
9368:
9358:
9263:
9248:
9220:
9175:
9092:
9010:
8854:
8832:
8756:
8701:
8686:
8656:
8641:
8633:
8615:
8600:
8585:
8554:
8540:
8511:
8492:
8473:
8449:
8302:
8257:
8215:
8181:
8160:
8139:
8118:
8097:
7911:
7445:
7414:
6605:
6422:
6387:
2089:
1942:
1712:
1599:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1481:
821:
607:
243:
9441:
6122:
404:
11481:
11438:
11433:
11422:
11401:
11390:
11346:
11163:
11128:
11091:
10947:
10924:
10877:
10814:
10764:
10719:
10705:
10515:
10466:
10429:
10334:
10320:
10286:
10256:
10237:
10202:
9968:
9942:
9916:
9876:
9869:
9809:
9792:
9764:
9740:
9632:
9501:
9253:
9243:
9230:
9170:
9160:
9052:
9042:
8813:
8720:
8666:
Zerezghi Haile, Learn Basic Geez Grammar (2015) for Tigrinya readers available at:
8558:
8461:
8289:
8249:
7590:
7170:: "No longer in popular use, Geʽez has always remained the language of the Church".
6710:. Also of monumental importance was the appearance of the Geʽez translation of the
6429:
6418:
6402:
6395:
6371:
1471:
494:
468:
212:
8374:
7236:
6460:, dating to the 5th or 6th century. Almost all transmitted texts from this early "
6351:
11497:
11487:
11477:
11264:
11182:
11143:
10902:
10897:
10882:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10831:
10732:
10636:
10610:
10559:
10424:
10364:
10272:
10265:
10249:
10243:
10170:
9921:
9797:
9787:
9506:
9436:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9195:
9185:
9130:
9067:
9057:
9005:
8934:
8910:
8801:
8726:
8437:
8426:
7241:
7108:
6805:
6707:
6702:("The Book of Nativity"). Numerous homilies were written in this period, notably
6445:
6326:
6084:
5860:
5548:
2981:
2792:
2639:
2458:, marking the construct state or the accusative case (or both), is not stressed:
1531:
1486:
744:
596:
436:
230:
45:
9883:
8897:
7595:
7203:
6075:
297:
38:
11570:
11301:
11291:
11252:
11187:
10892:
10887:
10692:
10646:
10616:
10593:
10587:
10471:
10419:
10300:
10074:
9903:
9471:
9451:
9446:
9431:
9426:
9416:
9411:
9401:
9396:
9363:
9333:
9328:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9283:
9278:
9268:
9258:
9190:
9180:
9165:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9087:
9072:
9000:
8407:
7261:
6770:
6648:
6613:
6563:
6457:
6391:
6375:
6138:
6134:
6126:
5547:
As in many Semitic languages, possession by a noun phrase is shown through the
2279:
Geʽez consonants have a triple opposition between voiceless, voiced, and
603:
290:
5859:
The normal word order for declarative sentences is VSO. Objects of verbs show
11583:
11532:
11448:
11395:
11385:
11375:
11271:
11201:
11174:
11076:
11071:
10861:
10626:
10621:
10531:
10278:
9803:
9481:
9476:
9466:
9456:
9421:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9318:
9308:
9273:
9238:
9200:
9115:
9062:
8990:
8281:
7915:
6825:
6809:
6762:
6570:
6501:
6477:
6433:
6009:
2517:
pronouns have rather unpredictable stress, so stress is learned for each form
2323:
2032:
1913:
1785:
1672:
1523:
1437:
646:
9717:
8745:
7336:
dans la prononciation abyssine actuelle (it is worth it to be precise using
6813:
6801:(Falasha Jews), and is used in prayer and in scheduled public celebrations.
6261:
11325:
10552:
9373:
9125:
9097:
8667:
8393:
8009:
6711:
6664:
6652:
6639:
6634:
6609:
6485:
6465:
6142:
1692:
8253:
8012:""Discovery of earliest illustrated manuscript," Martin Bailey, June 2010"
7867:"Church Teachings". Retrieved from the Internet Archive on March 12, 2014.
2496:
cardinal numbers are stressed on the ultima, even in the accusative, e.g.
458:
Ezana stone, written in Ge'ez explaining his conquests and accomplishments
372:
11517:
11311:
11193:
10177:
9862:
8846:
8824:
8441:
8396:(1921). "la pronunciation traditionelle du Guèze (éthiopien classique)".
7256:
6798:
6541:
6511:, a collection of Christological writings beginning with the treatise of
6456:
The oldest surviving Geʽez manuscript is thought to be the second of the
6367:
6339:
6286:
2147:
658:
640:
586:
334:
8945:
8327:"Abba 'Enbaqom, Imam Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim, and the "Conquest of Abyssinia""
7994:
7923:
7899:
7784:
7782:
7373:
2368:
in finite verbs (including the imperative), stress falls on the penult:
11444:
9724:
9675:
8767:
6742:
6691:
6597:
6290:
6265:
Example of Geʽez taken from a 15th-century Ethiopian Coptic prayer book
6149:
consonants, which are variants of the non-labialized velar consonants:
773:
651:
3035:("your", masculine singular) there's a distinction between nominative
11370:
11219:
11168:
11148:
9689:
8782:
8448:, 2nd edition translated from German by James Crichton, London 1907.
7779:
7663:
6536:
6497:
6398:, Argobba, Harari and the Gurage languages form the southern branch.
5346:
Adjectives and determiners agree with the noun in gender and number:
1936:
1593:
1449:
707:
381:
365:
347:
9533:
8817:
8599:, Elementa Linguarum Orientis (ELO) 2, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag 2002.
8472:. Vol. 1. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. pp. 169–186.
7881:"Ethiopic Language in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia"
56:
11224:
10783:
10327:
9731:
9703:
8778:
in Gallica digital library of the Bibliothèque nationale de France)
8683:
Silence Is Not Golden: A Critical Anthology of Ethiopian Literature
8539:. Harvard Semitic Studies. Vol. 24. Missoula: Scholars Press.
8487:
Gragg, Gene (1997b). "Ge'ez (Ethiopic)". In Hetzron, Robert (ed.).
7755:
7719:
6630:
6493:
6473:
6461:
6437:
6285:, which include Christian liturgy (service books, prayers, hymns),
6110:
1452:
of the Geʽez language. The reconstructed phonetic value of a
555:
534:
416:
205:
190:
6401:
Inscriptions dating to the mid-1st millennium BCE, written in the
6145:-based alphabets. It also uses four series of consonant signs for
11296:
11229:
11158:
11124:
10510:
9846:
9710:
9037:
8995:
8411:
7997:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
7875:
7873:
6722:
6414:
6114:
6092:
1588:
1453:
611:
559:
412:
201:
8280:. Vol. V. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Archived from
6776:
6679:"The Explication of Jesus" contains a prophecy of a king called
6601:, translated as "The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church"
6410:
5683:
Geʽez is a prepositional language, as in the following example:
2998:("my"), in both nominative and accusative the resulting form is
2262:
10738:
9652:
8774:– French translation and edition of the Geʽez text Paris 1893 (
8597:
Altäthiopisch: Grammatik der Geʽez mit Übungstexten und Glossar
8382:
6555:
6508:
6310:
2520:
2327:
2272:
44:"Geez" redirects here. For the Canadian cultural magazine, see
7870:
6659:. Another work that began to take shape in this period is the
1436:). These values are tentative, but based on the reconstructed
500:
477:
11133:
8468:
Gragg, Gene (1997a). "Ge'ez Phonology". In Kaye, Alan (ed.).
8248:. Oosterhour, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications.
6734:
6690:
Literature flourished especially during the reign of Emperor
6270:
5551:. In Geʽez, this is formed by suffixing the construct suffix
2349:
6370:, engraved from AD 330 to 356, is written in ancient Ge'ez,
1373:
A similar problem is found for the consonant transliterated
8746:
The first eight books of the Bible in Geʽez. Online version
8508:
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages
6489:
2318:"king") is reconstructed as descended from a Proto-Semitic
606:
was found to have a 71% lexical similarity to Ge'ez, while
506:
480:
8010:
A conservator at work on the Garima Gospels (2010-07-14).
2300:, descending from Proto-Semitic biphonemes. Geʽez ś
415:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
178:
37:
This article is about the language. For the alphabet, see
8419:
8385:): Imprimerie catholique 1907, 1938 (Nouvelle édition). (
7507:
7444:] (in German) (2nd ed.). C.H. Beck. p. 76.
6733:("Gate of the Faith"), giving his reasons for abandoning
6545:, a work of natural history also very popular in Europe.
5847:
These proclitic prepositions in Geʽez are similar to the
2267:
610:
had a 68% lexical similarity to Geʽez, followed by
497:
474:
7767:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7524:
7522:
6539:. Non-religious works translated in this period include
6004:(which is attested in Axum inscriptions), from earlier *
3662:
Patterns of internal plural for quadriconsonantal nouns
7977:
7975:
7973:
7935:
7933:
7709:
7707:
6683:, which rose to importance in 19th century Ethiopia as
5552:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5027:
5020:
5013:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4930:
4921:
4907:
4873:
4850:
4838:
4826:
4807:
4795:
4783:
4759:
4747:
4735:
4723:
4704:
4692:
4680:
4668:
4644:
4632:
4620:
4608:
4584:
4572:
4560:
4541:
4529:
4517:
4505:
4481:
4470:
4458:
4446:
4434:
4415:
4403:
4391:
4379:
4355:
4344:
4332:
4320:
4308:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4202:
4183:
4171:
4159:
4135:
4116:
4104:
4092:
4063:
4051:
4032:
4020:
3996:
3984:
3940:
3928:
3911:
3899:
3882:
3870:
3853:
3841:
3824:
3812:
3795:
3783:
3766:
3754:
3737:
3725:
3708:
3696:
3644:
3629:
3615:
3600:
3586:
3571:
3552:
3537:
3523:
3508:
3489:
3474:
3460:
3445:
3426:
3411:
3397:
3382:
3368:
3353:
3334:
3319:
3305:
3290:
3271:
3256:
3242:
3227:
3213:
3198:
3184:
3169:
3155:
3140:
892:. In Geʽez there still exist many alternations between
546:, and sometimes referred to in scholarly literature as
8506:
Gragg, Gene (2008). "Ge'ez". In Woodard, Roger (ed.).
8491:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 242–260.
8456:(2003 reprint). (Published in German: ¹1857, ²1899). (
8348:
8176:
Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley (editors),
8050:
6297:, who describes the traditional education as follows:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6141:, used to be written using Geʽez but have switched to
6097:
3092:
3086:
3075:
3069:
3058:
3052:
3041:
3030:
3019:
3004:
2993:
2967:
2952:
2937:
2922:
2902:
2890:
2875:
2863:
2811:
2796:
2786:
2776:
2765:
2754:
2743:
2729:
2718:
2707:
2696:
2685:
2674:
2663:
2652:
2633:
2622:
2608:
2597:
2288:
2225:
2204:
2185:
2166:
2136:
2109:
2079:
2060:
2041:
2019:
1998:
1979:
1960:
1925:
1902:
1881:
1862:
1843:
1824:
1794:
1772:
1749:
1730:
1702:
1681:
1659:
1636:
1617:
1567:
1548:
1425:
1409:
1397:
1380:
1374:
1359:
1347:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
887:
881:
871:
861:
851:
845:
793:
762:
735:
719:
698:
684:
670:
524:
167:
8074:
8033:"The Arts Newspaper June 2010 – Abuna Garima Gospels"
7842:
7830:
7818:
7806:
7794:
7731:
7687:
7675:
7651:
7639:
7558:
7546:
7519:
6808:
used by the Christian churches is referred to as the
3109:
Patterns of internal plural for triconsonantal nouns
509:
483:
8062:
7970:
7945:
7930:
7704:
7534:
844:
has a basic correspondence with Proto-Semitic short
5267:(demonstratives) noun (adjective)-(relative clause)
2263:
Geʽez consonants in relation to Proto-Semitic
503:
471:
81:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7202:
8700:, Atla Bibliography Series, Scarecrow Pr (1984),
8349:Perruchon, J. D.; Gottheil, Richard (1901–1906).
8320:. Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press.
11581:
8921:An Introduction to Ethiopic Christian Literature
8851:Concise Dictionary of Ge'ez (Classical Ethiopic)
8785:of the Chronicle of John of Nikiû – Paris 1883 (
8295:Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity
7885:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online
7318:ou employer le nom indigène ; celui-ci est
2322:. Like Arabic, Geʽez merged Proto-Semitic
27:Ancient Semitic language of Eritrea and Ethiopia
7863:, pp. 666f; cf. the EOTC's own account at
7341:
7319:
5992:
5540:man which:MASC=kill-3.M.PL-3.M.SG to=son=3.M.SG
5263:Noun phrases have the following overall order:
4878:is a variant mostly found in older manuscripts.
4868:
4845:
4833:
4821:
4802:
4790:
4778:
4754:
4742:
4730:
4718:
4699:
4687:
4675:
4663:
4639:
4627:
4615:
4603:
4579:
4567:
4555:
4536:
4524:
4512:
4500:
4476:
4465:
4453:
4441:
4429:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4350:
4339:
4327:
4315:
4303:
4231:
4197:
4178:
4166:
4154:
4130:
4111:
4099:
4087:
4058:
4046:
4027:
4015:
3991:
3979:
3935:
3923:
3906:
3894:
3877:
3865:
3848:
3836:
3819:
3807:
3790:
3778:
3761:
3749:
3732:
3720:
3703:
3691:
3639:
3624:
3610:
3595:
3581:
3566:
3547:
3532:
3518:
3503:
3484:
3469:
3455:
3440:
3421:
3406:
3392:
3377:
3363:
3348:
3329:
3314:
3300:
3285:
3266:
3251:
3237:
3222:
3208:
3193:
3179:
3164:
3150:
3135:
3081:
3064:
3047:
3036:
3025:
3013:
2999:
2988:
2962:
2947:
2932:
2917:
2897:
2885:
2870:
2858:
2806:
2771:
2760:
2749:
2738:
2724:
2713:
2702:
2691:
2680:
2669:
2658:
2647:
2628:
2617:
2603:
2592:
2573:
2549:
2540:
2524:
2506:
2497:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2331:
2301:
2255:, as in the modern Ethiopian Semitic languages.
2220:
2199:
2180:
2161:
2131:
2104:
2074:
2055:
2036:
2014:
1993:
1974:
1955:
1920:
1897:
1876:
1857:
1838:
1819:
1789:
1767:
1744:
1725:
1697:
1676:
1654:
1631:
1612:
1562:
1543:
1431:
1415:
1403:
1365:
1353:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
918:
909:
518:
161:
8197:David H. Shinn, Thomas P. Ofcansky (editors),
7402:
7201:
5644:
2572:("they speak", feminine plural), both written
595:is an ancient pre-Aksumite Obelisk located in
10799:
9549:
8961:
8567:Die traditionelle Aussprache des äthiopischen
8526:Maṣḥafa sawāsəw wagəss wamazgaba ḳālāt ḥaddis
6777:Current usage in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Israel
2564:("he speaks to her", with the pronoun suffix
7153:Comparative grammar of the Semitic languages
6091:Geʽez is written with Ethiopic or the Geʽez
5967:
2638:if it is a male human noun), or by using an
816:in the Amharic liturgical pronunciation, or
8035:. Ethiopianheritagefund.org. Archived from
7346:, that is (in reconstructed pronunciation)
2627:to a word (regardless of gender, but often
554:. The language originates from what is now
11620:Languages attested from the 5th century BC
10806:
10792:
9556:
9542:
8968:
8954:
8806:Lexicon linguæ Æthiopicæ cum indice Latino
8681:Adera, Taddesse, Ali Jimale Ahmed (eds.),
8318:An Economic History of Ethiopia, 1800–1935
8246:A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia
7324:, c’est-à-dire en prononciation restituée
6394:languages forming a northern branch while
177:
8975:
8713:The Ethiopic version of the book of Enoch
8324:
8315:
8080:
7860:
7594:
7314:, p. 217: il vaut mieux préciser en
6670:
6548:
6535:, a translation of the monastic Rules of
6250:
5991:The common way of negation is the prefix
2442:("there"); an exception among adverbs is
1440:consonants that they are descended from.
141:Learn how and when to remove this message
8668:https://uwontario.academia.edu/WedGdmhra
8564:
8425:
8367:
8210:Walter Raunig, Steffen Wenig (editors),
7629:
7609:
7576:
7464:Amsalu Aklilu, Kuraz Publishing Agency,
7433:
6361:
6260:
6079:
5879:
5678:
5524:
5502:
5490:
5482:
5411:
3950:
2679:("wilderness, uninhabited area") plural
2266:
453:
11625:Languages extinct in the 1st millennium
8609:
8531:
8325:Pankhurst, Richard K. P. (2003-11-14).
7836:
7824:
7812:
7800:
7788:
7773:
7761:
7749:
7737:
7725:
7681:
7669:
7657:
7645:
7633:
7617:
7616:, § 3.5, and largely identical to
7613:
7540:
7501:
7489:
7275:
6451:
5953:
5939:
5908:
5883:
5670:'the king's name; the name of the king'
5528:
5506:
5383:
5358:
5280:
2251:of Geʽez were likely realized as
565:Today, Geʽez is used as the main
447:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
409:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
11582:
8845:
8823:
8612:Classical Ethiopic: A Grammar of Gǝˁǝz
8486:
8467:
8433:(2nd ed.). Leipzig: B. Tauchnitz.
8288:
7951:
7848:
7698:
7564:
7552:
7528:
7513:
7477:
7371:
7362:] in today's Abyssinian pronunciation)
7299:
7287:
7136:
6694:. Written by the Emperor himself were
6382:The Geʽez language is classified as a
6019:. It is prefixed to verbs as follows:
4887:These two forms are in free variation.
533:
189:
10787:
9563:
9537:
8949:
8505:
8392:
8271:
8240:
8157:Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia
8094:The Sanctus in the Eucharistic Prayer
8068:
8056:
7981:
7939:
7713:
7311:
7167:
7163:
7161:
6428:Early inscriptions in Geʽez from the
5494:
5440:
5415:
4938:
4901:
4247:
1468:
929:In the transcription employed by the
10813:
7900:"Note on the Languages of Abyssinia"
7437:Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen
7223:participating institution membership
6781:Geʽez is the liturgical language of
6409:, have been found in the kingdom of
6332:Church of England Missionary Society
6323:collections of Ethiopian manuscripts
5875:
5520:
5498:
5486:
1443:
449: instead of Ethiopic characters.
79:adding citations to reliable sources
50:
8233:
7403:Connell, Dan; Killion, Tom (2010).
4894:
217:Before 10th century to 14th century
24:
10770:Languages between parentheses are
8537:Introduction to Classical Ethiopic
8431:Grammatik der äthiopischen Sprache
8000:, No. 1/2 (April, 1951), pp. 26–32
7897:
7190:The Linguistics Student's Handbook
7173:
7158:
6753:("Exposition of the Godhead") and
6350:in New York City has at least two
6283:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
6117:and Ethiopia. It is also used for
6106:Geʽez is read from left to right.
6103:, which means script or alphabet.
3100:
2344:letter used for spelling the word
2314:letter used for spelling the word
941:
880:with the Proto-Semitic diphthongs
575:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
323:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
25:
11651:
11640:Languages written in Geʽez script
8869:
8316:Pankhurst, Richard K. P. (1968).
8214:(Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005,
8199:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
8138:, vol. 1 (Gorgias Press LLC 2007
8096:(Cambridge University Press 2002
7636:, § 3.5.2 in footnotes 45–46
7340:or the indigenous name, which is
6303:first Epistle General of St. John
6279:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
6069:
2214:
2193:
2174:
2155:
2125:
2098:
2068:
2049:
2027:
2008:
1987:
1968:
1949:
1891:
1870:
1851:
1832:
1813:
1780:
1761:
1738:
1719:
1691:
1667:
1648:
1625:
1606:
1556:
1537:
1448:The following table presents the
787:
781:
756:
750:
729:
713:
692:
678:
664:
571:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
319:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
8755:. Hildesheim: Olms Verlag 1988,
8655:, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2001.
8416:Bibliothèque nationale de France
8178:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
8136:The Rites of Eastern Christendom
7620:, pp. 5, 29, 36, 40, 57, 97
7406:Historical Dictionary of Eritrea
6507:Also to this early period dates
6352:illuminated manuscripts in Geʽez
493:
467:
427:
55:
8894:– (multiple weights and widths)
8886:– (multiple weights and widths)
8794:
8582:Altäthiopische Studiengrammatik
8301:. Edinburgh: University Press.
8228:
8204:
8191:
8170:
8149:
8128:
8115:Handbook for Liturgical Studies
8107:
8086:
8025:
8003:
7987:
7957:
7891:
7854:
7743:
7623:
7603:
7570:
7495:
7483:
7471:
7458:
7427:
7396:
7365:
7305:
7293:
7281:
6706:("True Orthodoxy") ascribed to
6643:or "Glory of the Kings" by the
6407:epigraphic South Arabian script
5849:Hebrew inseparable prepositions
5258:
4881:
4862:
2241:
827:
807:
66:needs additional citations for
11595:Christian liturgical languages
10774:of the language on their left.
8470:Phonologies of Asia and Africa
7965:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha
7904:Bulletin of International News
7269:
7249:
7242:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
7229:
7195:
7182:
7142:
7130:
6133:. Some other languages in the
5537:bəʾsi za=qatal-əww-o la=wald-u
3959:Personal independent pronouns
2306:Sawt (in Amharic, also called
1420:) respectively. It also lists
13:
1:
11600:Verb–subject–object languages
11551:Algerian Jewish Sign Language
8820:at the Beta Maṣāḥəft project)
8674:
8201:(Scarecrow Press 2013), p. 93
7963:Weninger, Stefan, "Geʽez" in
7409:(2nd, illustrated ed.).
7124:
6257:Bible translations into Geʽez
5863:marked with the suffix /-a/:
5543:the man whose son they killed
2581:
936:
8648:(2nd revised edition, 1999).
7442:Lexicon of extinct languages
7083:
7075:
7067:
7059:
7051:
7043:
7035:
7027:
7019:
7011:
7003:
6995:
6987:
6979:
6971:
6963:
6955:
6947:
6939:
6931:
6923:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6891:
6883:
6875:
6867:
6859:
6851:
6843:
6835:
6558:religious works into Ge'ez.
6440:references, is found on the
6344:1868 Expedition to Abyssinia
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6098:
6048:
6037:
6026:
5979:which-ACC city-ACC build-3PL
5962:
5948:
5934:
5903:
5892:
5870:
5854:
5826:
5815:
5790:
5779:
5754:
5729:
5701:
5690:
5653:
5639:
5611:
5600:
5575:
5564:
5553:
5515:
5477:
5466:
5452:these:M.PL kings glorious:PL
5435:
5424:
5406:
5378:
5367:
5353:
5325:
5314:
5289:
5275:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5028:
5021:
5014:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4931:
4922:
4908:
4874:
4851:
4839:
4827:
4808:
4796:
4784:
4760:
4748:
4736:
4724:
4705:
4693:
4681:
4669:
4645:
4633:
4621:
4609:
4585:
4573:
4561:
4542:
4530:
4518:
4506:
4482:
4471:
4459:
4447:
4435:
4416:
4404:
4392:
4380:
4356:
4345:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4203:
4184:
4172:
4160:
4136:
4117:
4105:
4093:
4064:
4052:
4033:
4021:
3997:
3985:
3941:
3929:
3912:
3900:
3883:
3871:
3854:
3842:
3825:
3813:
3796:
3784:
3767:
3755:
3738:
3726:
3709:
3697:
3645:
3630:
3616:
3601:
3587:
3572:
3553:
3538:
3524:
3509:
3490:
3475:
3461:
3446:
3427:
3412:
3398:
3383:
3369:
3354:
3335:
3320:
3306:
3291:
3272:
3257:
3243:
3228:
3214:
3199:
3185:
3170:
3156:
3141:
3093:
3087:
3076:
3070:
3059:
3053:
3042:
3031:
3020:
3005:
2994:
2968:
2953:
2938:
2923:
2903:
2891:
2876:
2864:
2812:
2797:
2787:
2777:
2766:
2755:
2744:
2730:
2719:
2708:
2697:
2686:
2675:
2664:
2653:
2634:
2623:
2609:
2598:
2289:
2226:
2205:
2186:
2167:
2137:
2110:
2080:
2061:
2042:
2020:
1999:
1980:
1961:
1926:
1903:
1882:
1863:
1844:
1825:
1795:
1773:
1750:
1731:
1703:
1682:
1660:
1637:
1618:
1568:
1549:
1426:
1410:
1398:
1381:
1375:
1360:
1348:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
888:
882:
872:
862:
852:
846:
794:
763:
736:
720:
699:
685:
671:
621:
525:
168:
7:
11605:Extinct languages of Africa
8853:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
8831:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
7596:10.15460/aethiopica.13.1.39
7378:Anthropological Linguistics
7102:
6783:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo
6716:modern Constitution in 1931
5986:
5395:this:FEM queen glorious:FEM
3063:("his") between nominative
2320:voiceless lateral fricative
10:
11656:
10941:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
8941:Library of Ethiopian Texts
8577:, Karlsruhe: Reuther 1886.
7342:
7320:
7290:, p. 209: gəʽəz
6824:The first sentence of the
6787:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo
6727:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
6698:("The Book of Light") and
6573:from this period include:
6357:
6348:Metropolitan Museum of Art
6254:
6073:
5993:
5982:Which city did they build?
4869:
4846:
4834:
4822:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4700:
4688:
4676:
4664:
4640:
4628:
4616:
4604:
4580:
4568:
4556:
4537:
4525:
4513:
4501:
4477:
4466:
4454:
4442:
4430:
4411:
4399:
4387:
4375:
4351:
4340:
4328:
4316:
4304:
4232:
4198:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4131:
4112:
4100:
4088:
4059:
4047:
4028:
4016:
3992:
3980:
3936:
3924:
3907:
3895:
3878:
3866:
3849:
3837:
3820:
3808:
3791:
3779:
3762:
3750:
3733:
3721:
3704:
3692:
3640:
3625:
3611:
3596:
3582:
3567:
3548:
3533:
3519:
3504:
3485:
3470:
3456:
3441:
3422:
3407:
3393:
3378:
3364:
3349:
3330:
3315:
3301:
3286:
3267:
3252:
3238:
3223:
3209:
3194:
3180:
3165:
3151:
3136:
3082:
3065:
3048:
3037:
3026:
3015:
3000:
2989:
2963:
2948:
2933:
2918:
2898:
2886:
2871:
2859:
2807:
2772:
2761:
2750:
2739:
2725:
2714:
2703:
2692:
2681:
2670:
2659:
2648:
2629:
2618:
2604:
2593:
2574:
2550:
2541:
2525:
2507:
2498:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2332:
2302:
2221:
2200:
2181:
2162:
2132:
2105:
2075:
2056:
2037:
2015:
1994:
1975:
1956:
1921:
1898:
1877:
1858:
1839:
1820:
1790:
1768:
1745:
1726:
1698:
1677:
1655:
1632:
1613:
1563:
1544:
1432:
1416:
1404:
1366:
1354:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
919:
910:
519:
162:
43:
36:
29:
11564:
11531:
11466:
11411:
11356:
11242:
11210:
11123:
11114:
11105:
11054:
10989:
10915:
10870:
10839:
10830:
10821:
10756:
10683:
10602:
10579:
10572:
10524:
10503:
10494:
10487:
10454:
10445:
10438:
10391:
10382:
10312:
10220:
10195:
10151:
10096:
10037:
10026:
10015:
9930:
9893:
9854:
9845:
9836:
9778:
9757:
9660:
9651:
9642:
9604:
9571:
9515:
9494:
9387:
9229:
9106:
9028:
9019:
8983:
8632:, Munich: LINCOM Europa,
8278:The Catholic Encyclopedia
8159:(C. Hurst & Co. 2000
7995:"The Obelisk of Matara",
7577:Weninger, Stefan (2011).
7466:ጥሩ የአማርኛ ድርሰት እንዴት ያለ ነው!
7434:Haarmann, Harald (2002).
7372:Bender, M.L. (May 1971).
7262:Dictionary.com Unabridged
7210:Oxford English Dictionary
6819:
6201:
6154:
5920:plant-3.M.SG man tree-ACC
5253:
5190:
5129:
5124:
5063:
5002:
4997:
4913:
4904:
4832:
4820:
4789:
4777:
4767:
4717:
4662:
4652:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4566:
4554:
4499:
4489:
4428:
4373:
4363:
4326:
4297:
4292:
4261:
4254:
4249:
4165:
4143:
4098:
4076:
4071:
4040:
4009:
4004:
3973:
3963:
3682:
3560:
3497:
3434:
3342:
3279:
3129:
2982:Classical/Standard Arabic
2825:
2822:
2355:
2296:. Geʽez has phonologized
2153:
2146:
2096:
1966:
1935:
1736:
1689:
1623:
1587:
1554:
1530:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
748:
626:
579:Ethiopian Catholic Church
395:
379:
363:
345:
340:
331:Ethiopian Catholic Church
310:Official language in
308:
303:
287:
227:
211:
197:
185:
176:
160:
155:
11381:Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi
10767:or historical languages.
9523:Ethiopian sign languages
8818:digitized and searchable
8766:The Royal Chronicles of
8737:at the Internet Archive)
8731:Chrestomathia Aethiopica
8685:, Red Sea Press (1995),
8565:Mittwoch, Eugen (1926).
8389:at the Internet Archive)
8180:, vol. 2 (Eerdmans 1999
6749:("Refuge of the Soul"),
6687:chose this throne name.
6464:" period are religious (
3009:(i.e. the accusative is
2723:("(arch)bishop") plural
2701:("elder, chief") plural
2586:
1424:as a possible value for
931:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
870:with Proto-Semitic long
583:Eritrean Catholic Church
327:Eritrean Catholic Church
11512:Portuguese-based Creole
8742:Octateuchus Aethiopicus
8711:Charles, Robert Henry,
8610:Tropper, Josef (2021).
8414:digital library of the
8355:The Jewish Encyclopedia
8117:(Liturgical Press 1997
7215:Oxford University Press
7080:
7072:
7064:
7056:
7048:
7040:
7032:
7024:
7016:
7008:
7000:
6992:
6984:
6976:
6968:
6960:
6952:
6944:
6936:
6928:
6920:
6912:
6904:
6896:
6888:
6880:
6872:
6864:
6856:
6848:
6840:
6832:
6675:The early 15th century
6626:Apostolic Constitutions
6045:
6034:
6023:
5959:
5945:
5931:
5900:
5889:
5867:
5823:
5812:
5787:
5776:
5751:
5726:
5698:
5687:
5650:
5636:
5608:
5597:
5572:
5561:
5512:
5474:
5463:
5432:
5421:
5403:
5375:
5364:
5350:
5322:
5311:
5286:
5272:
3664:(C=Consonant, V=Vowel)
3111:(C=Consonant, V=Vowel)
1396:as possible values for
616:Ethio-Semitic languages
8876:Fonts for Geʽez script
6671:15th to 16th centuries
6623:Also at this time the
6588:"Acts of the Apostles"
6549:13th to 14th centuries
6482:Paralipomena of Baruch
6421:or any other forms of
6384:South Semitic language
6379:
6316:
6275:Deuterocanonical books
6266:
6251:History and literature
6088:
5976:ʾayy-a hagar-a ḥanaṣ-u
5923:The man planted a tree
5807:down from the mountain
2276:
2275:written in Geʽez
1388:The chart below lists
552:South Semitic language
459:
435:This article contains
397:This article contains
11615:Languages of Ethiopia
11555:village sign language
11541:Israeli Sign Language
9962:Christian Palestinian
9683:Ancient North Arabian
8977:Languages of Ethiopia
8904:Character set support
8640:(1st edition, 1993),
8575:Äthiopische Grammatik
8489:The Semitic Languages
8379:Grammaire éthiopienne
8368:Phonology and grammar
8254:10.4324/9781315762722
8113:Anscar J. Chupungco,
8014:. Theartnewspaper.com
7865:its official website.
7119:Languages of Ethiopia
7094:"Word of blessing of
6657:Menelik I of Ethiopia
6581:"Acts of the Martyrs"
6365:
6299:
6264:
6083:
5679:Prepositional phrases
5628:the name of the angel
4263:With consonant-final
4256:With consonant-final
3951:Pronominal morphology
3797:masākut < masākəwt
3057:, and similarly with
2646:Plural using suffix:
2270:
833:According to Lambdin.
457:
32:Languages of Ethiopia
11610:Languages of Eritrea
11031:Judaeo-Tripolitanian
10060:Koy Sanjaq Christian
9748:Pre-classical Arabic
8580:Prochazka, Stephan,
7188:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
7114:Languages of Eritrea
6452:5th to 7th centuries
6307:Acts of the Apostles
6291:Patristic literature
6059:nəḥna ʾi-nəkl ḥawira
6000:which descends from
5625:name-construct angel
5455:these glorious kings
5449:ʼəllu nagaśt kəburān
219:Remains in use as a
75:improve this article
11630:Semitic linguistics
11391:Judeo-Yazdi–Kermani
9904:Ashurian and Hatran
8891:Noto Serif Ethiopic
8573:Praetorius, Franz,
8524:Kidanä Wäld Kəfle,
8242:Budge, E. A. Wallis
7993:Edward Ullendorff,
7516:, pp. 177–178.
7316:éthiopien classique
7302:, p. 175: gəʿz
7278:, p. 400: Ge‘z
7213:(Online ed.).
7155:. Routledge. p. 23.
6797:Christians and the
6725:(or "Habakkuk") to
6618:Gabra Manfas Qeddus
6525:Apostolic Tradition
6470:Ascension of Isaiah
6269:In addition to the
6202:Labialized variant
6062:we {(we) cannot} go
5917:takal-a bəʾsi ʿəḍ-a
5592:the son of the king
5398:this glorious queen
5342:a/the glorious king
4244:
3960:
3665:
3112:
2817:
2523:particles (such as
2249:emphatic consonants
1465:
633:
567:liturgical language
315:Liturgical language
221:liturgical language
11419:Jewish Koine Greek
11279:Judaeo-Piedmontese
11026:Judaeo-Palestinian
10871:Reading traditions
10525:Harari–East Gurage
9976:Jewish Palestinian
8984:Official languages
8933:2019-03-11 at the
8909:2021-12-01 at the
8883:Noto Sans Ethiopic
8787:electronic version
8776:electronic version
8751:Dillmann, August,
8740:Dillmann, August,
8651:Weninger, Stefan,
8628:Weninger, Stefan,
8408:electronic version
8387:electronic version
8272:Chain, M. (1909).
8268:(republished 1970)
7338:Classical Ethiopic
7245:. Merriam-Webster.
6791:Ethiopian Catholic
6529:Hippolytus of Rome
6380:
6267:
6089:
5589:son-construct king
5392:zāti nəgəśt kəbərt
4242:
3958:
3661:
3108:
2804:
2770:("eyelid") plural
2277:
2273:the book of Psalms
1463:
900:, less so between
876:respectively, and
631:
589:Jewish community.
548:Classical Ethiopic
535:[ˈɡɨʕ(ɨ)z]
460:
191:[ˈɡɨʕ(ɨ)z]
11635:Semitic languages
11577:
11576:
11571:extinct languages
11508:Judaeo-Papiamento
11462:
11461:
11340:Judaeo-Portuguese
11238:
11237:
11101:
11100:
10911:
10910:
10781:
10780:
10752:
10751:
10748:
10747:
10679:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10671:
10670:
10568:
10567:
10378:
10377:
10374:
10373:
10216:
10215:
10191:
10190:
10147:
10146:
10119:Koy Sanjaq Jewish
9911:Jewish Babylonian
9832:
9831:
9565:Semitic languages
9531:
9530:
9495:Foreign languages
9490:
9489:
8860:978-3-447-02873-8
8838:978-3-447-02592-8
8808:, Lipsiae 1865. (
8761:978-3-487-07943-1
8744:. Leipzig 1853. (
8733:. Leipzig 1866. (
8706:978-0-8108-1710-4
8691:978-0-932415-47-9
8661:978-3-447-04484-4
8646:978-3-89586-604-3
8638:978-3-929075-04-5
8621:978-1-57506-841-1
8605:978-3-934628-29-8
8590:978-3-525-26409-6
8546:978-0-89130-263-6
8517:978-0-521-56256-0
8454:978-1-59244-145-7
8398:Journal Asiatique
8308:978-0-7486-0106-6
8290:Stuart, Munro-Hay
8263:978-1-315-76272-2
8220:978-3-447-05175-0
8186:978-90-04-11695-5
8165:978-1-85065-393-6
8144:978-1-59333-391-1
8123:978-0-8146-6161-1
8102:978-0-521-52662-3
8092:Bryan D. Spinks,
8059:, pp. 566f..
7791:, § 4.1.2.1.
7776:, pp. 40–41.
7672:, § 4.1.2.2.
7504:, p. 3: "ā "
7492:, p. 3: "a "
7451:978-3-406-47596-2
7420:978-0-8108-7505-0
7221:(Subscription or
6795:Eritrean Catholic
6767:Universal History
6423:Old South Arabian
6295:Richard Pankhurst
6248:
6247:
6131:Cushitic language
6087:29.11–16 in Geʽez
5251:
5250:
5226:
5198:
5193:
5165:
5137:
5132:
5099:
5071:
5066:
5038:
5010:
5005:
4972:
4944:
4858:
4857:
4818:
4775:
4770:
4715:
4660:
4655:
4600:
4595:
4552:
4497:
4492:
4426:
4371:
4366:
4300:
4295:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4210:
4209:
4194:
4151:
4146:
4127:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4043:
4012:
4007:
3976:
3948:
3947:
3652:
3651:
3418:'servant, slave'
3080:) and accusative
2978:
2977:
2816:("elder, chief")
2748:("house") plural
2737:Internal plural:
2237:
2236:
2092:
1945:
1809:
1715:
1602:
1464:Geʽez consonants
1444:Phonemes of Geʽez
1342:
1341:
1144:
1143:
803:
802:
443:rendering support
423:
422:
405:rendering support
401:phonetic symbols.
151:
150:
143:
125:
16:(Redirected from
11647:
11488:Judaeo-Malayalam
11402:Judeo-Golpaygani
11347:Judaeo-Aragonese
11265:Judaeo-Livornese
11121:
11120:
11112:
11111:
10837:
10836:
10828:
10827:
10815:Jewish languages
10808:
10801:
10794:
10785:
10784:
10577:
10576:
10501:
10500:
10492:
10491:
10452:
10451:
10443:
10442:
10389:
10388:
10257:northern dialect
10035:
10034:
10024:
10023:
9877:Biblical Aramaic
9870:Imperial Aramaic
9852:
9851:
9843:
9842:
9741:Nabataean Arabic
9658:
9657:
9649:
9648:
9624:Canaano-Akkadian
9558:
9551:
9544:
9535:
9534:
9078:Sebat Bet Gurage
9026:
9025:
8970:
8963:
8956:
8947:
8946:
8864:
8842:
8814:Internet Archive
8802:Dillmann, August
8727:Dillmann, August
8721:Internet Archive
8715:. Oxford 1906. (
8625:
8595:Tropper, Josef,
8570:
8559:Internet Archive
8550:
8521:
8502:
8483:
8462:Internet Archive
8446:Ethiopic Grammar
8438:Dillmann, August
8434:
8427:Dillmann, August
8405:
8362:
8357:. Archived from
8345:
8343:
8342:
8333:. Archived from
8321:
8312:
8300:
8285:
8267:
8234:External history
8223:
8208:
8202:
8195:
8189:
8174:
8168:
8153:
8147:
8132:
8126:
8111:
8105:
8090:
8084:
8078:
8072:
8066:
8060:
8054:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8044:
8029:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8007:
8001:
7991:
7985:
7979:
7968:
7961:
7955:
7949:
7943:
7937:
7928:
7927:
7895:
7889:
7888:
7877:
7868:
7858:
7852:
7846:
7840:
7834:
7828:
7822:
7816:
7810:
7804:
7798:
7792:
7786:
7777:
7771:
7765:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7741:
7735:
7729:
7723:
7717:
7711:
7702:
7696:
7685:
7679:
7673:
7667:
7661:
7655:
7649:
7643:
7637:
7627:
7621:
7607:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7574:
7568:
7562:
7556:
7550:
7544:
7538:
7532:
7526:
7517:
7511:
7505:
7499:
7493:
7487:
7481:
7475:
7469:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7369:
7363:
7361:
7359:withaglottalstop
7345:
7344:
7323:
7322:
7309:
7303:
7297:
7291:
7285:
7279:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7253:
7247:
7246:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7218:
7206:
7199:
7193:
7186:
7180:
7177:
7171:
7165:
7156:
7146:
7140:
7134:
6696:Matsʼhafe Berhan
6655:, and their son
6645:Neburaʼed Yeshaq
6533:Serʼata Paknemis
6430:Kingdom of Aksum
6403:Sabaean language
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6152:
6151:
6147:labialized velar
6113:and Tigrinya in
6101:
5996:
5995:
5969:
5955:
5941:
5910:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5804:from=on mountain
5667:name-3SG to=king
5646:
5556:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5442:
5417:
5413:
5385:
5360:
5282:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5224:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5163:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5135:
5130:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5097:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5036:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5008:
5003:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4970:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4942:
4934:
4925:
4911:
4899:
4898:
4895:Verb conjugation
4888:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4854:
4849:
4848:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4787:
4782:
4781:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4757:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4727:
4722:
4721:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4702:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4319:
4318:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4298:
4293:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4243:Suffix pronouns
4241:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3994:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3974:
3961:
3957:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3113:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2936:
2935:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2657:("year") plural
2656:
2651:
2650:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2577:
2576:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2528:
2527:
2510:
2509:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2402:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2377:("she killed"),
2373:
2372:
2335:
2334:
2305:
2304:
2295:
2292:
2256:
2245:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1941:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1598:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1466:
1462:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
950:
949:
926:("I followed").
922:
921:
913:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
885:
879:
875:
869:
865:
859:
855:
849:
843:
834:
831:
825:
819:
815:
811:
797:
791:
785:
766:
760:
754:
739:
733:
723:
717:
702:
696:
688:
682:
674:
668:
634:
630:
550:) is an ancient
545:
544:
543:
537:
532:
528:
522:
521:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
431:
430:
391:
375:
368:
359:
358:
350:
293:
233:
193:
181:
171:
165:
164:
153:
152:
146:
139:
135:
132:
126:
124:
83:
59:
51:
21:
11655:
11654:
11650:
11649:
11648:
11646:
11645:
11644:
11580:
11579:
11578:
11573:
11560:
11527:
11498:Judaeo-Georgian
11458:
11407:
11352:
11319:Judeo-Provençal
11234:
11206:
11097:
11050:
11041:Judaeo-Tunisian
11021:Judaeo-Moroccan
11014:Judaeo-Baghdadi
11004:Judaeo-Egyptian
10999:Judaeo-Algerian
10985:
10976:Lishanid Noshan
10907:
10866:
10817:
10812:
10782:
10777:
10744:
10667:
10598:
10564:
10520:
10504:Amharic–Argobba
10496:
10483:
10434:
10395:
10370:
10308:
10212:
10187:
10143:
10092:
10088:Urmia Christian
10029:
10018:
10011:
9926:
9889:
9828:
9788:Egyptian Arabic
9774:
9770:Modern Standard
9753:
9638:
9600:
9567:
9562:
9532:
9527:
9511:
9486:
9383:
9314:Kachama-Ganjule
9289:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
9225:
9102:
9021:
9015:
8979:
8974:
8935:Wayback Machine
8911:Wayback Machine
8872:
8867:
8861:
8839:
8797:
8792:
8677:
8672:
8622:
8547:
8533:Lambdin, Thomas
8518:
8499:
8480:
8370:
8365:
8340:
8338:
8309:
8298:
8264:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8209:
8205:
8196:
8192:
8175:
8171:
8155:Paul B. Henze,
8154:
8150:
8134:Archdale King,
8133:
8129:
8112:
8108:
8091:
8087:
8079:
8075:
8067:
8063:
8055:
8051:
8042:
8040:
8031:
8030:
8026:
8017:
8015:
8008:
8004:
7992:
7988:
7980:
7971:
7962:
7958:
7950:
7946:
7938:
7931:
7898:M., E. (1935).
7896:
7892:
7879:
7878:
7871:
7859:
7855:
7847:
7843:
7835:
7831:
7823:
7819:
7811:
7807:
7799:
7795:
7787:
7780:
7772:
7768:
7764:, § 4.1.2.
7760:
7756:
7748:
7744:
7736:
7732:
7728:, § 4.1.1.
7724:
7720:
7712:
7705:
7697:
7688:
7680:
7676:
7668:
7664:
7656:
7652:
7644:
7640:
7628:
7624:
7608:
7604:
7575:
7571:
7563:
7559:
7551:
7547:
7539:
7535:
7527:
7520:
7512:
7508:
7500:
7496:
7488:
7484:
7476:
7472:
7463:
7459:
7452:
7432:
7428:
7421:
7413:. p. 508.
7411:Scarecrow Press
7401:
7397:
7387:
7385:
7370:
7366:
7310:
7306:
7298:
7294:
7286:
7282:
7274:
7270:
7255:
7254:
7250:
7235:
7234:
7230:
7220:
7200:
7196:
7187:
7183:
7178:
7174:
7166:
7159:
7149:De Lacy O'Leary
7147:
7143:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7109:Ethiopian chant
7105:
7100:
7086:
7078:
7070:
7062:
7054:
7046:
7038:
7030:
7022:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6990:
6982:
6974:
6966:
6958:
6950:
6942:
6934:
6926:
6918:
6910:
6902:
6894:
6886:
6878:
6870:
6862:
6854:
6846:
6838:
6822:
6806:liturgical rite
6779:
6751:Fekkare Malakot
6708:John Chrysostom
6704:Retuʼa Haimanot
6673:
6604:Other Lives of
6579:Gadle Samaʼetat
6551:
6527:(attributed to
6517:Hamanot Reteʼet
6454:
6446:Matara, Eritrea
6360:
6327:British Library
6259:
6253:
6078:
6072:
6067:
6054:
6043:
6032:
5989:
5984:
5971:
5957:
5943:
5925:
5912:
5898:
5887:
5861:accusative case
5857:
5845:
5832:
5821:
5809:
5796:
5785:
5773:
5760:
5748:
5735:
5720:
5707:
5696:
5681:
5672:
5659:
5648:
5630:
5617:
5606:
5594:
5581:
5570:
5549:construct state
5545:
5532:
5510:
5472:
5457:
5444:
5430:
5419:
5400:
5387:
5373:
5362:
5344:
5331:
5320:
5308:
5295:
5284:
5261:
5256:
5126:
4999:
4929:
4920:
4906:
4897:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4867:
4863:
4264:
4257:
4239:in the script.
4177:
4110:
3953:
3663:
3110:
3103:
3101:Internal plural
3046:and accusative
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2640:internal plural
2589:
2584:
2358:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2246:
2242:
1592:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1446:
1343:
1145:
944:
942:Transliteration
939:
838:
837:
832:
828:
812:
808:
629:
624:
593:Hawulti Obelisk
539:
538:
530:
496:
492:
470:
466:
452:
451:
450:
441:Without proper
432:
428:
403:Without proper
387:
371:
364:
354:
353:
346:
311:
304:Official status
294:
289:
283:
234:
231:Language family
229:
218:
147:
136:
130:
127:
84:
82:
72:
60:
49:
46:Geez (magazine)
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11653:
11643:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11590:Ge'ez language
11575:
11574:
11565:
11562:
11561:
11559:
11558:
11548:
11537:
11535:
11533:Sign languages
11529:
11528:
11526:
11525:
11515:
11505:
11495:
11485:
11470:
11468:
11464:
11463:
11460:
11459:
11457:
11456:
11449:Judaeo-Marathi
11442:
11430:
11415:
11413:
11409:
11408:
11406:
11405:
11398:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11362:
11360:
11358:Judaeo-Iranian
11354:
11353:
11351:
11350:
11343:
11336:
11329:
11322:
11315:
11308:
11307:
11306:
11305:
11304:
11292:Judaeo-Spanish
11289:
11288:
11287:
11282:
11275:
11272:Judaeo-Mantuan
11268:
11259:Judaeo-Italian
11256:
11253:Judaeo-Catalan
11248:
11246:
11244:Judaeo-Romance
11240:
11239:
11236:
11235:
11233:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11216:
11214:
11212:Jewish English
11208:
11207:
11205:
11204:
11199:
11198:
11197:
11190:
11188:Judeo-Alsatian
11180:
11179:
11178:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11140:
11138:
11118:
11109:
11103:
11102:
11099:
11098:
11096:
11095:
11085:
11069:
11058:
11056:
11052:
11051:
11049:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11017:
11016:
11006:
11001:
10995:
10993:
10987:
10986:
10984:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10952:
10951:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10921:
10919:
10917:Judaeo-Aramaic
10913:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10906:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10874:
10872:
10868:
10867:
10865:
10864:
10859:
10854:
10849:
10843:
10841:
10834:
10825:
10819:
10818:
10811:
10810:
10803:
10796:
10788:
10779:
10778:
10776:
10775:
10768:
10757:
10754:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10742:
10735:
10730:
10725:
10724:
10723:
10709:
10702:
10695:
10689:
10687:
10681:
10680:
10677:
10676:
10673:
10672:
10669:
10668:
10666:
10665:
10664:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10658:
10655:
10652:
10649:
10639:
10634:
10633:
10632:
10619:
10614:
10606:
10604:
10600:
10599:
10597:
10596:
10591:
10583:
10581:
10574:
10570:
10569:
10566:
10565:
10563:
10562:
10557:
10556:
10555:
10550:
10549:
10548:
10545:
10542:
10528:
10526:
10522:
10521:
10519:
10518:
10513:
10507:
10505:
10498:
10489:
10485:
10484:
10482:
10481:
10476:
10475:
10474:
10469:
10458:
10456:
10449:
10440:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10401:
10399:
10386:
10380:
10379:
10376:
10375:
10372:
10371:
10369:
10368:
10361:
10354:
10347:
10340:
10339:
10338:
10331:
10316:
10314:
10310:
10309:
10307:
10306:
10305:
10304:
10290:
10283:
10282:
10281:
10276:
10269:
10262:
10261:
10260:
10241:
10234:
10226:
10224:
10218:
10217:
10214:
10213:
10211:
10210:
10205:
10199:
10197:
10193:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10174:
10173:
10168:
10155:
10153:
10149:
10148:
10145:
10144:
10142:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10100:
10098:
10094:
10093:
10091:
10090:
10085:
10084:
10083:
10080:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10041:
10039:
10032:
10021:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10009:
10008:
10007:
9995:
9988:
9987:
9986:
9979:
9972:
9965:
9953:
9946:
9938:
9936:
9928:
9927:
9925:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9907:
9899:
9897:
9891:
9890:
9888:
9887:
9884:Middle Aramaic
9880:
9873:
9866:
9858:
9856:
9849:
9840:
9834:
9833:
9830:
9829:
9827:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9815:
9814:
9813:
9812:
9795:
9790:
9784:
9782:
9780:Dialect groups
9776:
9775:
9773:
9772:
9767:
9761:
9759:
9755:
9754:
9752:
9751:
9744:
9737:
9736:
9735:
9728:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9700:
9693:
9679:
9672:
9664:
9662:
9655:
9646:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9636:
9629:
9628:
9627:
9612:
9610:
9602:
9601:
9599:
9598:
9597:
9596:
9591:
9581:
9575:
9573:
9569:
9568:
9561:
9560:
9553:
9546:
9538:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9525:
9519:
9517:
9516:Sign languages
9513:
9512:
9510:
9509:
9504:
9498:
9496:
9492:
9491:
9488:
9487:
9485:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9393:
9391:
9385:
9384:
9382:
9381:
9379:Zayse-Zergulla
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9235:
9233:
9227:
9226:
9224:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9112:
9110:
9104:
9103:
9101:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9034:
9032:
9023:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8987:
8985:
8981:
8980:
8973:
8972:
8965:
8958:
8950:
8944:
8943:
8938:
8937:(13 July 2010)
8925:
8919:J. M. Harden,
8916:
8915:
8914:
8899:Abyssinica SIL
8895:
8887:
8871:
8870:External links
8868:
8866:
8865:
8859:
8843:
8837:
8821:
8810:Online version
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8779:
8764:
8749:
8738:
8735:Online version
8724:
8717:Online version
8709:
8694:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8664:
8649:
8626:
8620:
8607:
8593:
8578:
8571:
8562:
8555:Online version
8551:
8545:
8529:
8522:
8516:
8503:
8497:
8484:
8478:
8465:
8458:Online version
8435:
8423:
8390:
8375:Chaîne, Marius
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8363:
8361:on 2018-08-14.
8346:
8322:
8313:
8307:
8286:
8284:on 2007-02-06.
8269:
8262:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8203:
8190:
8169:
8148:
8127:
8106:
8085:
8081:Pankhurst 2003
8073:
8071:, p. 574.
8061:
8049:
8024:
8002:
7986:
7984:, p. 430.
7969:
7956:
7944:
7942:, p. 428.
7929:
7890:
7869:
7861:Pankhurst 1968
7853:
7851:, p. 257.
7841:
7829:
7817:
7805:
7793:
7778:
7766:
7754:
7742:
7730:
7718:
7716:, p. 440.
7703:
7701:, p. 248.
7686:
7674:
7662:
7650:
7638:
7632:, as cited by
7622:
7602:
7569:
7567:, p. 245.
7557:
7555:, p. 244.
7545:
7533:
7531:, p. 246.
7518:
7506:
7494:
7482:
7470:
7457:
7450:
7426:
7419:
7395:
7364:
7304:
7292:
7280:
7268:
7265:(Online). n.d.
7248:
7228:
7194:
7181:
7172:
7157:
7141:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7104:
7101:
7079:
7071:
7063:
7055:
7047:
7039:
7031:
7023:
7015:
7007:
6999:
6991:
6983:
6975:
6967:
6959:
6951:
6943:
6935:
6927:
6919:
6911:
6903:
6895:
6887:
6879:
6871:
6863:
6855:
6847:
6839:
6831:
6830:
6821:
6818:
6778:
6775:
6771:George Elmacin
6755:Haymanote Abaw
6700:Matshafe Milad
6677:Fekkare Iyasus
6672:
6669:
6651:(i.e., Saba),
6649:Queen of Sheba
6621:
6620:
6614:Tekle Haymanot
6602:
6589:
6586:Gadle Hawaryat
6582:
6564:Medieval Latin
6550:
6547:
6458:Garima Gospels
6453:
6450:
6434:Ezana of Aksum
6359:
6356:
6338:'s capital at
6273:including the
6252:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6199:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6135:Horn of Africa
6074:Main article:
6071:
6070:Writing system
6068:
6044:
6033:
6022:
6021:
6017:palatalization
5988:
5985:
5958:
5944:
5930:
5929:
5899:
5888:
5866:
5865:
5856:
5853:
5822:
5811:
5810:
5786:
5775:
5774:
5750:
5749:
5725:
5724:
5697:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5677:
5664:səm-u la=nəguś
5649:
5635:
5634:
5607:
5604:name-construct
5596:
5595:
5571:
5560:
5559:
5534:ብእሲ ዘቀተልዎ ለወልዱ
5511:
5478:za=qatal-əww-o
5473:
5462:
5461:
5431:
5420:
5402:
5401:
5374:
5363:
5349:
5348:
5321:
5310:
5309:
5303:in-this:F city
5285:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4926:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4903:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4880:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4843:
4831:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4800:
4788:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4752:
4740:
4728:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4697:
4685:
4673:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4637:
4625:
4613:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4577:
4565:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4534:
4522:
4510:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4463:
4451:
4439:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4260:
4258:singular nouns
4253:
4248:
4208:
4207:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4164:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4097:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4056:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4025:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3989:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3933:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3904:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3875:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3788:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3730:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3650:
3649:
3637:
3634:
3621:
3620:
3608:
3605:
3592:
3591:
3579:
3576:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3545:
3542:
3529:
3528:
3516:
3513:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3482:
3479:
3466:
3465:
3453:
3450:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3419:
3416:
3403:
3402:
3390:
3387:
3374:
3373:
3361:
3358:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3327:
3324:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3295:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3261:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3232:
3219:
3218:
3206:
3203:
3190:
3189:
3177:
3174:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3145:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3102:
3099:
2976:
2975:
2960:
2945:
2930:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2895:
2883:
2868:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2805:Declension of
2783:
2782:
2735:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:) are stressed
2518:
2515:
2494:
2452:
2395:
2366:
2357:
2354:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2211:
2209:
2190:
2171:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2065:
2046:
2024:
2005:
2003:
1984:
1965:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1907:
1888:
1886:
1867:
1848:
1829:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1777:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1735:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1688:
1686:
1664:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1622:
1603:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1553:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1445:
1442:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
948:
943:
940:
938:
935:
840:Historically,
836:
835:
826:
805:
804:
801:
800:
798:
778:
776:
770:
769:
767:
747:
741:
740:
726:
724:
710:
704:
703:
689:
675:
661:
655:
654:
649:
644:
638:
628:
625:
623:
620:
602:In one study,
445:, you may see
433:
426:
425:
424:
421:
420:
407:, you may see
393:
392:
385:
377:
376:
369:
361:
360:
351:
343:
342:
341:Language codes
338:
337:
312:
309:
306:
305:
301:
300:
295:
291:Writing system
288:
285:
284:
282:
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
237:
235:
228:
225:
224:
215:
209:
208:
199:
198:Native to
195:
194:
187:
183:
182:
174:
173:
158:
157:
149:
148:
131:September 2022
63:
61:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11652:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11587:
11585:
11572:
11568:
11563:
11556:
11552:
11549:
11546:
11542:
11539:
11538:
11536:
11534:
11530:
11523:
11519:
11516:
11513:
11509:
11506:
11503:
11499:
11496:
11493:
11489:
11486:
11483:
11479:
11475:
11472:
11471:
11469:
11465:
11454:
11450:
11446:
11443:
11440:
11436:
11435:
11431:
11428:
11424:
11420:
11417:
11416:
11414:
11410:
11404:
11403:
11399:
11397:
11396:Judeo-Kashani
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11386:Judeo-Shirazi
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11376:Judeo-Persian
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11359:
11355:
11349:
11348:
11344:
11342:
11341:
11337:
11335:
11334:
11333:Judaeo-French
11330:
11328:
11327:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11316:
11314:
11313:
11309:
11303:
11300:
11299:
11298:
11295:
11294:
11293:
11290:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11280:
11276:
11274:
11273:
11269:
11267:
11266:
11262:
11261:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11254:
11250:
11249:
11247:
11245:
11241:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11217:
11215:
11213:
11209:
11203:
11202:Scots-Yiddish
11200:
11196:
11195:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11185:
11184:
11181:
11177:
11176:
11175:Klezmer-loshn
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11146:
11145:
11142:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11135:
11130:
11126:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11107:Indo-European
11104:
11093:
11089:
11088:Judaeo-Berber
11086:
11083:
11079:
11078:
11073:
11070:
11067:
11063:
11060:
11059:
11057:
11053:
11047:
11046:Judaeo-Yemeni
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11036:Judaeo-Syrian
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11015:
11012:
11011:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10996:
10994:
10992:
10991:Judaeo-Arabic
10988:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10950:
10949:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10942:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10922:
10920:
10918:
10914:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10875:
10873:
10869:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10844:
10842:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10820:
10816:
10809:
10804:
10802:
10797:
10795:
10790:
10789:
10786:
10773:
10769:
10766:
10762:
10759:
10758:
10755:
10741:
10740:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10722:
10721:
10717:
10716:
10715:
10714:
10710:
10708:
10707:
10703:
10701:
10700:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10686:
10682:
10659:
10656:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10644:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10630:
10629:
10628:
10625:
10624:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10612:
10608:
10607:
10605:
10601:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10589:
10585:
10584:
10582:
10578:
10575:
10571:
10561:
10558:
10554:
10551:
10546:
10543:
10540:
10539:
10538:
10535:
10534:
10533:
10530:
10529:
10527:
10523:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10508:
10506:
10502:
10499:
10493:
10490:
10486:
10480:
10477:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10464:
10463:
10460:
10459:
10457:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10447:Ethio-Semitic
10444:
10441:
10437:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10381:
10367:
10366:
10362:
10360:
10359:
10355:
10353:
10352:
10348:
10346:
10345:
10341:
10337:
10336:
10332:
10330:
10329:
10325:
10324:
10323:
10322:
10318:
10317:
10315:
10311:
10303:
10302:
10298:
10297:
10296:
10295:
10291:
10289:
10288:
10284:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10274:
10270:
10268:
10267:
10263:
10259:
10258:
10254:
10253:
10252:
10251:
10247:
10246:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10239:
10235:
10233:
10232:
10228:
10227:
10225:
10223:
10219:
10209:
10208:Judeo-Aramaic
10206:
10204:
10201:
10200:
10198:
10194:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10166:
10162:
10161:
10160:
10157:
10156:
10154:
10150:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10095:
10089:
10086:
10081:
10078:
10077:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10042:
10040:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10014:
10006:
10005:
10001:
10000:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9993:
9989:
9985:
9984:
9980:
9978:
9977:
9973:
9971:
9970:
9966:
9964:
9963:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9951:
9947:
9945:
9944:
9940:
9939:
9937:
9935:
9934:
9929:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9912:
9908:
9906:
9905:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9896:
9892:
9886:
9885:
9881:
9879:
9878:
9874:
9872:
9871:
9867:
9865:
9864:
9860:
9859:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9835:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9811:
9808:
9807:
9806:
9805:
9804:Siculo-Arabic
9801:
9800:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9777:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9756:
9750:
9749:
9745:
9743:
9742:
9738:
9734:
9733:
9729:
9727:
9726:
9722:
9720:
9719:
9715:
9713:
9712:
9708:
9706:
9705:
9701:
9699:
9698:
9694:
9692:
9691:
9687:
9686:
9685:
9684:
9680:
9678:
9677:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9666:
9665:
9663:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9641:
9635:
9634:
9630:
9626:
9625:
9621:
9620:
9619:
9618:
9614:
9613:
9611:
9609:
9608:
9603:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9576:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9559:
9554:
9552:
9547:
9545:
9540:
9539:
9536:
9524:
9521:
9520:
9518:
9514:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9493:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9417:Kacipo-Balesi
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9394:
9392:
9390:
9386:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9236:
9234:
9232:
9228:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9113:
9111:
9109:
9105:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9031:
9027:
9024:
9018:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8988:
8986:
8982:
8978:
8971:
8966:
8964:
8959:
8957:
8952:
8951:
8948:
8942:
8939:
8936:
8932:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8908:
8905:
8901:
8900:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8888:
8885:
8884:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8873:
8862:
8856:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8834:
8830:
8826:
8822:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8800:
8799:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8773:
8769:
8765:
8762:
8758:
8754:
8750:
8747:
8743:
8739:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8725:
8722:
8718:
8714:
8710:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8680:
8679:
8669:
8665:
8662:
8658:
8654:
8650:
8647:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8631:
8630:Geʽez grammar
8627:
8623:
8617:
8613:
8608:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8594:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8576:
8572:
8568:
8563:
8560:
8556:
8552:
8548:
8542:
8538:
8534:
8530:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8513:
8509:
8504:
8500:
8498:0-415-05767-1
8494:
8490:
8485:
8481:
8479:1-57506-017-5
8475:
8471:
8466:
8463:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8409:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8394:Cohen, Marcel
8391:
8388:
8384:
8380:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8347:
8337:on 2007-12-09
8336:
8332:
8331:Addis Tribune
8328:
8323:
8319:
8314:
8310:
8304:
8297:
8296:
8291:
8287:
8283:
8279:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8238:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8207:
8200:
8194:
8187:
8183:
8179:
8173:
8166:
8162:
8158:
8152:
8145:
8141:
8137:
8131:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8110:
8103:
8099:
8095:
8089:
8082:
8077:
8070:
8065:
8058:
8053:
8039:on 2012-05-01
8038:
8034:
8028:
8013:
8006:
7999:
7998:
7990:
7983:
7978:
7976:
7974:
7966:
7960:
7954:, p. 57.
7953:
7948:
7941:
7936:
7934:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7894:
7886:
7882:
7876:
7874:
7866:
7862:
7857:
7850:
7845:
7839:, p. 16.
7838:
7833:
7827:, p. 45.
7826:
7821:
7815:, p. 44.
7814:
7809:
7803:, p. 23.
7802:
7797:
7790:
7785:
7783:
7775:
7770:
7763:
7758:
7751:
7746:
7740:, p. 29.
7739:
7734:
7727:
7722:
7715:
7710:
7708:
7700:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7684:, p. 40.
7683:
7678:
7671:
7666:
7660:, p. 21.
7659:
7654:
7648:, p. 26.
7647:
7642:
7635:
7631:
7630:Dillmann 1899
7626:
7619:
7615:
7612:, as used by
7611:
7610:Mittwoch 1926
7606:
7597:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7573:
7566:
7561:
7554:
7549:
7542:
7537:
7530:
7525:
7523:
7515:
7510:
7503:
7498:
7491:
7486:
7479:
7474:
7467:
7461:
7453:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7438:
7430:
7422:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7407:
7399:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7368:
7360:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7317:
7313:
7308:
7301:
7296:
7289:
7284:
7277:
7272:
7264:
7263:
7258:
7252:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7232:
7224:
7216:
7212:
7211:
7205:
7198:
7191:
7185:
7176:
7169:
7164:
7162:
7154:
7150:
7145:
7138:
7133:
7129:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7099:
7097:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7077:
7074:
7069:
7066:
7061:
7058:
7053:
7050:
7045:
7042:
7037:
7034:
7029:
7026:
7021:
7018:
7013:
7010:
7005:
7002:
6997:
6994:
6989:
6986:
6981:
6978:
6973:
6970:
6965:
6962:
6957:
6954:
6949:
6946:
6941:
6938:
6933:
6930:
6925:
6922:
6917:
6914:
6909:
6906:
6901:
6898:
6893:
6890:
6885:
6882:
6877:
6874:
6869:
6866:
6861:
6858:
6853:
6850:
6845:
6842:
6837:
6834:
6829:
6827:
6826:Book of Enoch
6817:
6815:
6811:
6810:Ethiopic Rite
6807:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6763:John of Nikiu
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6661:Mashafa Aksum
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6627:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6606:Saint Anthony
6603:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:hagiographies
6567:
6565:
6559:
6557:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6521:De Recta Fide
6518:
6514:
6510:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6364:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6287:hagiographies
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6263:
6258:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6094:
6086:
6082:
6077:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6010:Proto-Semitic
6007:
6003:
5999:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5956:
5950:
5947:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5886:
5872:
5869:
5864:
5862:
5852:
5850:
5844:
5843:in this house
5841:
5840:in=this house
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:’əm=diba dabr
5799:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5747:
5746:from the city
5744:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5684:
5676:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5638:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5569:
5568:son-construct
5566:
5563:
5558:
5555:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5531:
5517:
5514:
5509:
5479:
5476:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5418:
5408:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5339:king glorious
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5134:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5007:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4910:
4900:
4884:
4876:
4865:
4861:
4853:
4844:
4841:
4829:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4801:
4798:
4786:
4772:
4766:
4762:
4753:
4750:
4741:
4738:
4729:
4726:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4698:
4695:
4686:
4683:
4674:
4671:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4638:
4635:
4626:
4623:
4614:
4611:
4591:
4587:
4578:
4575:
4563:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4535:
4532:
4523:
4520:
4511:
4508:
4494:
4488:
4484:
4473:
4464:
4461:
4452:
4449:
4440:
4437:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4409:
4406:
4397:
4394:
4385:
4382:
4368:
4362:
4358:
4347:
4338:
4335:
4323:
4314:
4311:
4302:
4291:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4246:
4240:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4205:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4174:
4162:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4086:
4081:
4070:
4066:
4057:
4054:
4045:
4039:
4035:
4026:
4023:
4014:
4003:
3999:
3990:
3987:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3956:
3943:
3934:
3931:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3905:
3902:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3876:
3873:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3847:
3844:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3818:
3815:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3789:
3786:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3760:
3757:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3731:
3728:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3702:
3699:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3659:
3647:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3095:
3089:
3078:
3072:
3061:
3055:
3044:
3033:
3022:
3012:
3007:
2996:
2985:
2983:
2973:
2972:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2896:
2893:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2869:
2866:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2802:
2799:
2795:(marked with
2794:
2789:
2779:
2768:
2757:
2746:
2736:
2732:
2721:
2710:
2699:
2688:
2677:
2666:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2625:
2614:
2611:
2600:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2534:
2531:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:(also called
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2271:A verse from
2269:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1971:
1963:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1741:
1733:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1628:
1620:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1559:
1551:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1438:Proto-Semitic
1428:
1412:
1400:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1364:(Geʽez
1362:
1352:(Geʽez
1350:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
966:
962:
959:
955:
952:
951:
947:
934:
932:
927:
925:
916:
890:
884:
874:
866:, the vowels
864:
854:
848:
830:
823:
810:
806:
799:
796:
790:
784:
779:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
765:
759:
753:
746:
743:
742:
738:
732:
727:
725:
722:
716:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
695:
690:
687:
681:
676:
673:
667:
662:
660:
657:
656:
653:
650:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
632:Geʽez vowels
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
536:
529:
527:
526:Gəʽ(ə)z
514:
488:
464:
456:
448:
444:
440:
438:
437:Ethiopic text
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
400:
394:
390:
386:
384:
383:
378:
374:
370:
367:
362:
357:
352:
349:
344:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:
307:
302:
299:
296:
292:
286:
270:
267:
266:
265:
262:
261:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:South Semitic
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
245:
242:
241:
240:
236:
232:
226:
222:
216:
214:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
186:Pronunciation
184:
180:
175:
172:
170:
169:Gəʽ(ə)z
159:
154:
145:
142:
134:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92: –
91:
87:
86:Find sources:
80:
76:
70:
69:
64:This article
62:
58:
53:
52:
47:
40:
33:
19:
11566:
11518:Judaeo-Malay
11432:
11400:
11345:
11338:
11331:
11326:Judeo-Gascon
11324:
11317:
11310:
11285:Judaeo-Roman
11277:
11270:
11263:
11251:
11192:
11173:
11132:
11075:
11066:Ethiosemitic
11061:
11009:Judaeo-Iraqi
10971:Lishán Didán
10966:Lishana Deni
10946:
10939:
10760:
10737:
10718:
10711:
10704:
10697:
10609:
10586:
10461:
10363:
10356:
10349:
10342:
10333:
10326:
10319:
10299:
10292:
10285:
10271:
10264:
10255:
10248:
10236:
10229:
10163:
10134:Urmia Jewish
10002:
9997:
9990:
9981:
9974:
9967:
9960:
9955:
9948:
9941:
9931:
9909:
9902:
9882:
9875:
9868:
9861:
9819:Mesopotamian
9802:
9746:
9739:
9730:
9723:
9716:
9709:
9702:
9695:
9688:
9681:
9674:
9669:Proto-Arabic
9667:
9631:
9622:
9615:
9605:
9389:Nilo-Saharan
9047:
9030:Ethiosemitic
8920:
8898:
8890:
8882:
8875:
8850:
8847:Leslau, Wolf
8828:
8825:Leslau, Wolf
8805:
8795:Dictionaries
8789:) in Gallica
8772:Baeda Maryam
8752:
8741:
8730:
8712:
8697:
8682:
8652:
8629:
8611:
8596:
8581:
8574:
8566:
8536:
8525:
8507:
8488:
8469:
8445:
8442:Bezold, Carl
8430:
8401:
8397:
8381:. Beyrouth (
8378:
8359:the original
8354:
8339:. Retrieved
8335:the original
8330:
8317:
8294:
8282:the original
8277:
8245:
8229:Bibliography
8212:Afrikas Horn
8211:
8206:
8198:
8193:
8177:
8172:
8156:
8151:
8135:
8130:
8114:
8109:
8093:
8088:
8076:
8064:
8052:
8041:. Retrieved
8037:the original
8027:
8016:. Retrieved
8005:
7996:
7989:
7964:
7959:
7947:
7907:
7903:
7893:
7884:
7856:
7844:
7837:Lambdin 1978
7832:
7825:Lambdin 1978
7820:
7813:Lambdin 1978
7808:
7801:Lambdin 1978
7796:
7789:Tropper 2021
7774:Lambdin 1978
7769:
7762:Tropper 2021
7757:
7750:Lambdin 1978
7745:
7738:Lambdin 1978
7733:
7726:Tropper 2021
7721:
7682:Lambdin 1978
7677:
7670:Tropper 2021
7665:
7658:Lambdin 1978
7653:
7646:Lambdin 1978
7641:
7634:Tropper 2021
7625:
7618:Lambdin 1978
7614:Tropper 2021
7605:
7586:
7582:
7572:
7560:
7548:
7543:, p. 2.
7541:Lambdin 1978
7536:
7509:
7502:Lambdin 1978
7497:
7490:Lambdin 1978
7485:
7473:
7465:
7460:
7441:
7436:
7429:
7405:
7398:
7386:. Retrieved
7381:
7377:
7367:
7358:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7315:
7307:
7295:
7283:
7276:Lambdin 1978
7271:
7260:
7251:
7240:
7231:
7208:
7197:
7189:
7184:
7175:
7152:
7144:
7132:
7093:
7090:
7087:
6823:
6803:
6780:
6766:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6738:
6730:
6720:
6712:Fetha Negest
6703:
6699:
6695:
6689:
6680:
6676:
6674:
6665:Book of Axum
6660:
6653:King Solomon
6640:Kebra Nagast
6638:
6635:Amda Seyon I
6624:
6622:
6610:Saint George
6596:
6592:
6585:
6578:
6568:
6560:
6552:
6540:
6532:
6520:
6516:
6506:
6455:
6427:
6400:
6381:
6321:Significant
6320:
6317:
6300:
6268:
6108:
6105:
6096:
6090:
6076:Geʽez script
6065:we cannot go
6064:
6061:
6058:
6056:ንሕነ ኢንክል ሐዊረ
6055:
6051:
6040:
6029:
6012:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5990:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5965:
5951:
5937:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5906:
5895:
5873:
5858:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5829:
5818:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5793:
5782:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5732:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5693:
5682:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5642:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5622:səm-a malʼak
5621:
5618:
5614:
5603:
5591:
5588:
5586:wald-a nəguś
5585:
5582:
5578:
5567:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5518:
5480:
5469:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5446:እሉ ነገሥት ክቡራን
5445:
5438:
5427:
5409:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5389:ዛቲ ንግሥት ክብርት
5388:
5381:
5370:
5356:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5317:
5306:in this city
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5278:
5262:
5259:Noun phrases
4883:
4864:
4265:plural nouns
4211:
3954:
3683:
3653:
3561:
3498:
3435:
3343:
3280:
3130:
3104:
3024:), but with
3010:
2986:
2979:
2970:
2955:
2940:
2925:
2905:
2878:
2784:
2615:
2590:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2511:
2502:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2359:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2278:
2243:
1456:is given in
1447:
1387:
1372:
1344:
945:
928:
923:
914:
839:
829:
809:
601:
591:
564:
547:
523:
462:
461:
434:
396:
380:
298:Geʽez script
268:
249:West Semitic
239:Afro-Asiatic
166:
137:
128:
118:
111:
104:
97:
85:
73:Please help
68:verification
65:
39:Geʽez script
11545:German Sign
11312:Judeo-Latin
11194:Lachoudisch
10823:Afroasiatic
10699:Hadramautic
10685:Old Arabian
10622:West Gurage
10532:East Gurage
10178:Neo-Mandaic
9956:Palestinian
9863:Old Aramaic
9304:Hamer-Banna
8696:Bonk, Jon,
7952:Stuart 1991
7910:(12): 3–5.
7849:Gragg 1997b
7699:Gragg 1997b
7565:Gragg 1997b
7553:Gragg 1997b
7529:Gragg 1997b
7514:Gragg 1997a
7478:Gragg 1997a
7300:Leslau 1987
7288:Leslau 1989
7192:, Edinburgh
7137:Gragg 1997b
7028:laʾasassəlo
6799:Beta Israel
6747:Sawana Nafs
6741:of Emperor
6731:Anqasa Amin
6729:, entitled
6685:Tewodros II
6566:in Europe.
6542:Physiologus
6513:Saint Cyril
6444:obelisk in
6368:Ezana Stone
6336:Tewodros II
6155:Basic sign
6041:(we) cannot
5771:in the city
5718:to the city
5712:wəsta hagar
5336:nəguś kəbur
5300:ba-zā hagar
5238:yə-qattəl-ā
5177:yə-qattəl-u
5111:tə-qattəl-ā
5083:tə-qattəl-i
5050:tə-qattəl-u
5043:qatal-kəmmu
4939:1st person
2914:Accusative
2855:Nominative
2731:p̣āp̣p̣āsāt
2568:"her") vs.
2505:accusative
2454:the suffix
2424:("Geʽez"),
2310:, i.e. the
2298:labiovelars
2148:Approximant
860:with short
587:Beta Israel
463:Geʽez
411:instead of
335:Beta Israel
269:Geʽez
156:Geʽez
11584:Categories
11502:Kartvelian
11453:Indo-Aryan
11445:Judeo-Urdu
10728:Rijal Alma
10713:Qatabanian
10351:Himyaritic
10294:Phoenician
9855:Historical
9824:Peninsular
9725:Taymanitic
9676:Old Arabic
9661:Historical
8768:Zara Yaqob
8675:Literature
8351:"Falashas"
8341:2022-12-19
8274:"Ethiopia"
8069:Budge 1928
8057:Budge 1928
8043:2012-07-11
8018:2012-07-11
7982:Gragg 2008
7940:Gragg 2008
7714:Gragg 2008
7583:Aethiopica
7312:Cohen 1921
7225:required.)
7168:Chain 1909
7125:References
6932:waṣādəqāna
6814:Geʽez Rite
6743:Gelawdewos
6739:Confession
6692:Zara Yaqob
6598:Synaxarium
6569:Important
6554:of Coptic
6515:(known as
6255:See also:
6137:, such as
5973:አየ ሀገረ ሐነጹ
5914:ተከለ ብእሲ ዕፀ
4919:Indicative
4914:Imperfect
4769:3rd person
4654:2nd person
4599:1st person
4491:3rd person
4365:2nd person
4299:1st person
4287:accusative
4282:nominative
4272:noun/prep.
4193:accusative
4150:nominative
4126:accusative
4083:nominative
4073:3rd person
4006:2nd person
3975:1st person
3804:'chicken'
3684:CaCāCəC(t)
3636:'brother'
3631:’əḫʷ/’əḫəw
3436:ʾaCāCəC(t)
3297:'country'
3147:'garment'
2801:as well).
2610:ʼəxt
2582:Morphology
2570:yənaggə́rā
2562:yənaggərā́
2433:("wise"),
2415:("city"),
2406:("king"),
1524:labialized
1492:Pharyngeal
1450:consonants
1151:translit.
953:translit.
937:Consonants
873:*ī, *ū, *ā
585:, and the
101:newspapers
11569:indicate
11492:Dravidian
11371:Judeo-Tat
11220:Yeshivish
11169:Udmurtish
11164:Ukrainish
11149:Galitzish
10878:Ashkenazi
10772:varieties
10763:indicate
10642:Sebat Bet
10392:Eastern (
10344:Deir Alla
10222:Canaanite
10129:Trans-Zab
10114:Inter-Zab
10038:Christian
9992:Palmyrene
9983:Samaritan
9950:Nabataean
9838:Northwest
9793:Levantine
9765:Classical
9690:Dadanitic
9462:Nyangatom
9407:Daatsʼiin
9359:Shekkacho
9156:Daasanach
9022:languages
8783:recension
8781:Ethiopic
8222:), p. 171
8188:), p. 158
8167:), p. 127
8146:), p. 533
8104:), p. 119
7916:2044-3986
7589:: 75–88.
7076:warasiʿān
6759:Chronicle
6593:Senkessar
6537:Pachomius
6498:Maccabees
6466:Christian
6119:Sebatbeit
5855:Sentences
5837:ba=zə bet
5743:from=city
5740:ʼəm=hagar
5733:from=city
5730:ʼəm=hagar
5516:la=wald-u
5439:glorious:
5382:glorious:
5245:yə-qtəl-ā
5210:tə-qattəl
5184:yə-qtəl-u
5149:yə-qattəl
5131:masculine
5118:tə-qtəl-ā
5104:qatal-kən
5090:tə-qtəl-i
5057:tə-qtəl-u
5022:tə-qattəl
5004:masculine
4984:nə-qattəl
4956:ʾə-qattəl
4774:masculine
4659:masculine
4496:masculine
4370:masculine
4078:masculine
4011:masculine
3920:'priest'
3775:'window'
3717:'prince'
3688:'virgin'
3675:Singular
3607:'father'
3344:ʾaCCəC(t)
3119:Singular
3077:*liq-ə-hu
2848:Construct
2838:Construct
2793:construct
2720:p̣āp̣p̣ās
2514:("three")
2253:ejectives
1943:voiceless
1937:Fricative
1600:voiceless
1594:Affricate
745:Near-open
622:Phonology
382:Glottolog
366:ISO 639-3
348:ISO 639-2
11474:Krymchak
11427:Hellenic
11225:Yinglish
11129:dialects
11116:Germanic
11082:Cushitic
10981:Betanure
10948:Galilean
10935:Talmudic
10925:Biblical
10903:Tiberian
10898:Yemenite
10883:Sephardi
10857:Medieval
10852:Mishnaic
10847:Biblical
10720:Awsanian
10603:Tt-group
10479:Tigrinya
10358:Samalian
10335:Galilean
10328:Ugaritic
10273:Medieval
10266:Mishnaic
10250:Biblical
10231:Ammonite
10124:Sanandaj
10109:Betanure
10082:Chaldean
10079:Assyrian
10065:Qaraqosh
10055:Hértevin
9969:Galilean
9943:Lebanese
9798:Maghrebi
9758:Literary
9732:Thamudic
9718:Safaitic
9704:Hasaitic
9697:Dumaitic
9617:Akkadian
9572:Branches
9369:Wolaitta
9249:Bambassi
9221:Xamtanga
9176:Kambaata
9108:Cushitic
9093:Tigrinya
9020:Regional
9011:Tigrinya
8931:Archived
8907:Archived
8849:(1989).
8827:(1987).
8535:(1978).
8429:(1899).
8292:(1991).
8244:(1928).
8125:), p. 13
7967:, p.732.
7924:25639482
7384:(5): 173
7103:See also
6996:baʿəlata
6916:ḫəruyāna
6868:za-Henok
6765:and the
6681:Tewodros
6631:Josippon
6616:, Saint
6612:, Saint
6494:Nehemiah
6474:Jubilees
6462:Aksumite
6388:Tigrinya
6111:Ethiopia
5987:Negation
5798:እምዲበ ደብር
5794:mountain
5780:’əm=diba
5765:ba=hagar
5755:ba=hagar
5654:la=nəguś
5329:glorious
5279:in-this:
5203:qatal-at
5197:singular
5192:feminine
5136:singular
5076:qatal-ki
5070:singular
5065:feminine
5015:qatal-ka
5009:singular
4977:qatal-na
4949:qatal-ku
4943:singular
4909:qatal-nn
4817:feminine
4714:feminine
4551:feminine
4425:feminine
4294:Singular
4224:, as in
4145:feminine
4106:wəʼətómu
4042:feminine
4034:ʼantə́mu
3966:Singular
3942:qasāwəst
3913:waḥāyəzt
3891:'river'
3884:baḥāwərt
3862:'earth'
3833:'night'
3768:kawākəbt
3739:masāfənt
3672:Meaning
3669:Pattern
3491:’agānənt
3481:'devil'
3452:'sheep'
3205:'house'
3176:'horse'
3122:Meaning
3116:Pattern
3094:*liqa-hu
2843:Absolute
2833:Absolute
2823:Singular
2778:qarānəbt
2555:bárakata
2521:enclitic
2451:("here")
2308:śe-nigūś
2285:emphatic
2281:ejective
1807:emphatic
1477:Alveolar
822:Tigrinya
608:Tigrinya
556:Ethiopia
417:Help:IPA
389:geez1241
259:Ethiopic
206:Ethiopia
18:Ethiopic
11567:Italics
11522:Malayic
11434:Knaanic
11423:Yevanic
11366:Bukhori
11302:Tetuani
11297:Haketia
11230:Heblish
11183:Western
11159:Poylish
11154:Litvish
11144:Eastern
11125:Yiddish
10961:Hulaulá
10956:Barzani
10893:Italian
10888:Mizrahi
10765:extinct
10761:Italics
10706:Minaean
10631:Endegen
10580:N-group
10541:Inneqor
10516:Argobba
10511:Amharic
10467:Dahalik
10439:Western
10430:Soqotri
10410:Ḥarsusi
10405:Baṭḥari
10396:Arabian
10321:Amorite
10287:Moabite
10238:Edomite
10203:Armazic
10183:Western
10159:Central
10104:Barzani
10030:eastern
10019:Aramaic
9933:Western
9917:Mandaic
9895:Eastern
9847:Aramaic
9810:Maltese
9711:Hismaic
9644:Central
9633:Eblaite
9589:Central
9502:English
9329:Koorete
9254:Basketo
9244:Anfillo
9171:Hadiyya
9161:Dirasha
9043:Argobba
9038:Amharic
8996:Amharic
8812:at the
8719:at the
8557:at the
8460:at the
8412:Gallica
8410:on the
7388:19 July
7151:, 2000
7060:ʾəkuyān
7012:məndābe
6964:hallawu
6852:barakat
6812:or the
6723:Enbaqom
6442:Hawulti
6419:Sabaean
6415:Eritrea
6405:in the
6396:Amharic
6372:Sabaean
6358:Origins
6342:in the
6340:Magdala
6314:writer.
6115:Eritrea
6093:abugida
6085:Genesis
6038:ʾi-nəkl
6008:, from
5963:ḥanaṣ-u
5949:hagar-a
5871:takal-a
5819:in=this
5783:from=on
5768:in=city
5758:in=city
5715:to city
5709:ውስተ ሀገር
5661:ስሙ ለንጉሥ
5657:to=king
5619:ስመ መልአክ
5583:ወልደ ንጉሥ
5519:to=son=
5436:kəburān
5333:ንጉሥ ክቡር
5231:qatal-ā
5217:tə-qtəl
5170:qatal-u
5156:yə-qtəl
5142:qatal-a
5127:person
5029:tə-qtəl
5000:person
4991:nə-qtəl
4963:ʾə-qtəl
4928:Jussive
4923:-qattəl
4905:Perfect
4902:Person
4706:-ikə́mu
4694:-akə́mu
4682:-əkə́mu
4251:Default
4204:yə’ə́ta
4185:ʼəmāntú
4173:wəʼətón
4161:yəʼə́ti
4137:wəʼə́ta
4118:ʼəmuntú
4094:wəʼə́tu
4065:ʼantə́n
3969:Plural
3855:layāləy
3826:darāwəh
3746:'star'
3710:danāgəl
3678:Plural
3578:'hand'
3544:'foot'
3462:’abāgəʽ
3428:ʾagbərt
3399:ʾarʾəst
3389:'head'
3263:'name'
3234:'fast'
3125:Plural
3043:liqə́ka
3021:*liqáya
3006:liqə́ya
2826:Plural
2687:gadāmāt
2665:ʿāmatāt
2602:, e.g.
2530:-(ə)ssá
2512:śalastá
2503:śalastú
2375:qatálat
2338:se-isat
2138:ʽ
1704:ʼ
1512:lateral
1505:central
1497:Glottal
1482:Palatal
1454:phoneme
1170:ʽ
1042:ʼ
924:talawku
908:, e.g.
868:/i,u,a/
820:(as in
647:Central
612:Amharic
569:of the
560:Eritrea
413:Unicode
317:of the
244:Semitic
213:Extinct
202:Eritrea
115:scholar
90:"Geʽez"
11482:Turkic
11478:Karaim
11467:Others
11439:Slavic
11412:Others
11134:argots
11092:Berber
11055:Others
10930:Targum
10862:Modern
10832:Hebrew
10739:Sabaic
10733:Razihi
10637:Mesqan
10611:Mesmes
10560:Harari
10547:Wolane
10544:Ulbare
10537:Siltʼe
10497:versal
10495:Trans-
10425:Shehri
10415:Hobyot
10394:Modern
10365:Sutean
10313:Others
10279:Modern
10244:Hebrew
10196:Others
10171:Turoyo
10165:Mlaḥsô
10152:Others
10097:Jewish
10070:Senaya
10050:Bohtan
10045:Barwar
10028:North-
10004:Siryon
9998:Syrian
9922:Syriac
9653:Arabic
9507:Arabic
9437:Majang
9231:Omotic
9216:Tsamai
9211:Somali
9206:Sidamo
9196:Qimant
9186:Libido
9131:Arbore
9083:Siltʼe
9068:Mesqan
9058:Harari
9053:Gurage
9006:Somali
8923:(1926)
8857:
8835:
8759:
8704:
8689:
8659:
8644:
8636:
8618:
8603:
8588:
8543:
8514:
8495:
8476:
8452:
8383:Beirut
8305:
8260:
8218:
8184:
8163:
8142:
8121:
8100:
7922:
7914:
7448:
7417:
7354:, and
7257:"Geez"
7237:"Geez"
7204:"Geez"
7084:
7068:
7052:
7044:kʷəllu
7036:
7020:
7004:
6988:
6980:yəkunu
6972:
6956:
6940:
6924:
6908:
6900:bāraka
6892:
6884:zakama
6876:
6860:
6844:
6820:Sample
6556:Arabic
6509:Qerlos
6500:, and
6480:, the
6346:. The
6311:Psalms
6289:, and
6049:ḥawira
5966:build-
5938:which-
5935:ʾayy-a
5874:plant-
5612:malʼak
5565:wald-a
5485:=kill-
5481:which:
5425:nagaśt
5410:these:
5379:kəbərt
5368:nəgəśt
5297:በዛ ሀገር
5254:Syntax
5225:plural
5164:plural
5098:plural
5037:plural
4971:plural
4809:-ihómu
4761:-ikə́n
4749:-akə́n
4737:-əkə́n
4670:-kə́mu
4594:Plural
3998:nə́ḥna
3785:maskot
3727:masfən
3698:dəngəl
3656:/ieou/
3626:እኍ/እኅው
3515:'ear'
3370:ʾabtər
3360:'rod'
3336:ʾaʾdug
3326:'ass'
3307:ʾahgur
3281:ʾaCCuC
3273:ʾasmāt
3244:ʾaṣwām
3215:ʾabyāt
3186:ʾafrās
3157:ʾalbās
3131:ʾaCCāC
3091:(<
3074:(<
3054:liqáka
2980:As in
2850:state
2767:qərnəb
2756:ʾabyāt
2566:-(h)ā́
2546:nəgə́r
2492:ṭabíba
2483:Gə́ʽza
2474:hagára
2465:nəgúśa
2384:nə́gər
2356:Stress
2340:: the
2090:voiced
1713:voiced
1472:Labial
1408:) and
1394:/t͡ɬʼ/
1358:) and
1247:Geʽez
1049:Geʽez
915:taloku
643:
637:
627:Vowels
597:Matara
573:, the
333:, and
117:
110:
103:
96:
88:
11077:Qwara
11072:Kayla
11062:Geʽez
10693:Faifi
10660:Gyeto
10654:Gumer
10647:Chaha
10617:Muher
10594:Soddo
10588:Gafat
10573:Outer
10488:South
10472:Tigre
10462:Geʽez
10455:North
10420:Mehri
10384:South
10301:Punic
10139:Zakho
10075:Suret
9594:South
9472:Shabo
9467:Opuuo
9452:Mursi
9447:Murle
9442:Meʼen
9432:Kwegu
9427:Kwama
9412:Gumuz
9402:Berta
9397:Anuak
9374:Yemsa
9364:Sheko
9334:Maale
9299:Gayil
9294:Ganza
9284:Dorze
9269:Chara
9259:Bench
9191:Oromo
9181:Konso
9166:Gedeo
9151:Burji
9146:Bussa
9141:Baiso
9136:Awngi
9121:Alaba
9088:Soddo
9073:Muher
9048:Geʽez
9001:Oromo
8404:(18).
8299:(PDF)
7920:JSTOR
7468:p. 42
7440:[
7348:gə‘əz
7332:, et
7326:gə‘əz
7219:
7096:Henok
7073:ወረሲዓን
7025:ለአሰስሎ
6948:ʾəlla
6929:ወጻድቃነ
6735:Islam
6502:Tobit
6478:Enoch
6438:pagan
6392:Tigre
6376:Greek
6271:Bible
6228:gʷ(a)
6221:kʷ(a)
6214:ḫʷ(a)
6207:qʷ(a)
6143:Latin
6139:Oromo
6127:Bilen
6123:Meʼen
6099:Fidäl
6027:nəḥna
5952:city-
5907:tree-
5904:ʿəḍ-a
5893:bəʾsi
5834:በዝ ቤት
5830:house
5816:ba=zə
5737:እምሀገር
5727:እምሀገር
5702:hagar
5691:wəsta
5643:name-
5640:səm-u
5615:angel
5601:səm-a
5576:nəguś
5475:ዘቀተልዎ
5467:bəʾsi
5428:kings
5407:ʼəllu
5371:queen
5357:this:
5326:kəbur
5315:nəguś
5290:hagar
5276:ba-zā
4932:-qtəl
4852:-ihón
4785:-hómu
4725:-kə́n
4622:-ə́na
4586:-ihā́
4483:-ə́ki
4448:-ə́ki
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3901:wəḥiz
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8833:ISBN
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8634:ISBN
8616:ISBN
8601:ISBN
8586:ISBN
8541:ISBN
8512:ISBN
8493:ISBN
8474:ISBN
8450:ISBN
8303:ISBN
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8216:ISBN
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8119:ISBN
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6913:ኅሩያነ
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4048:አንቲ
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3993:ንሕነ
3925:ቀሲስ
3896:ውሒዝ
3867:ብሔር
3838:ሌሊት
3809:ዶርሆ
3751:ኮከብ
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3641:አኀው
3612:አበው
3602:’ab
3583:እደው
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3350:በትር
3316:አድግ
3287:ሀገር
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3038:ሊቅከ
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2964:ሊቃነ
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2605:እኅት
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2542:ንግር
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1981:s
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1970:s
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