173:(1838–1904). Zaytsev submitted his Dr. Chem. dissertation in 1870, and was awarded the degree over the indirect objections of Markovnikov (as second examiner of the dissertation, Markovnikov had written an overtly positive assessment that was meant to be read between the lines). The same year, he was promoted to Ordinary Professor of Chemistry. This may have been one of the final straws for Markovnikov, who left Kazan University in 1871 for Odessa. Zaytsev continued at Kazan University until his death in 1910.
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In order to teach, he required either a master's degree from a
Russian university, or a Ph.D. from a foreign university, so he wrote up his work on the sulfoxides and submitted it to the University of Leipzig where (probably thanks to Kolbe's influence) he was awarded the Ph.D. in 1866. With Zaytsev
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degree (today approximately equivalent to the doctor of philosophy degree, but then closer to the thesis for the B.Sc. (Hons.) degree in
British universities), and then spend two or three years in study abroad (a
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Early on, Zaytsev began working with
Butlerov, who clearly saw in him an excellent laboratory chemist, and whose later actions showed that he felt that Zaytsev was an asset to Russian
209:(1860–1934) extended this reaction to a general synthesis of alcohols using alkylzinc iodides. This synthesis was the best way to make alcohols until the advent of the
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of
Zaytsev's seminal 1875 article that he wrote in German. English title: 'The order of addition and of elimination of hydrogen and iodine in organic compounds'.
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93:, meaning that every student graduating in law and economics from a Russian university had to take two years of chemistry. Zaytsev was thus introduced to
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was reported in 1875, and appeared just as his nemesis, Markovnikov, (who had made a prediction which the rule contradicts) was taking the Chair at
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in 1901. Reformatskii's work, which used the zinc compounds from alpha-bromoesters, led to the discovery of a synthetic reaction (the
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284:"The University of Kazan: Provincial Cradle of Russian Organic Chemistry. Part I: Nikolai Zinin and the Butlerov School."
315:"The University of Kazan: Provincial Cradle of Russian Organic Chemistry. Part II: Aleksandr Zaitsev and His Students."
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in Paris. This went directly against the accepted norms of the day, which had the student complete the
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in 1862, and immediately went to western Europe to further his chemical studies, studying with
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now holding the Ph.D., Butlerov was able to secure his appointment as an assistant in
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259:"Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev: Markovnikov's Conservative Contemporary."
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Lewis, David E. (2012). "Section 4.4.3 Aleksandr
Mikhailovich Zaitsev".
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During his studies with Kolbe between 1862 and 1864, Zaytsev discovered
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His research at Kazan was primarily concerned with the development of
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to study economics. At this time, Russia was experimenting with the
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as a salaried laboratory assistant studying for the doctorate.
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388:] (in Russian). Vol. 131. 1866. p. 418.
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431:Inventors from the Russian Empire
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171:Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov
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95:Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov
39:Aleksander Mikhaylovich Zaytsev
34:Aleksander Mikhaylovich Zaytsev
403:Link to an English translation
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205:(Georg Wagner, 1849–1903) and
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59:Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович За́йцев
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215:Reformatskii reaction
203:Egor Egorevich Vagner
185:and the synthesis of
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193:-butyl alcohol from
183:organozinc chemistry
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138:sulfoxides
142:sulfonium
406:Archived
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318:Archived
305:, 39–42
287:Archived
273:, 21–30.
199:phosgene
187:alcohols
177:Research
167:agronomy
154:kandidat
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47:Saytzeff
150:Leipzig
114:Marburg
55:Russian
51:Saytzev
43:Zaitsev
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160:Career
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