941:"Im Gegensatz zu den bis jetzt bekannten gepaarten organischen Säuren, welche durch Zersetzung organischer Materien von meist complicierter Zusammensetzung unter Einwirkung kräftiger Agentien und unter Verhältnissen entstanden sind, welche eine mehrfache Auslegung der Zersetzungserscheinungen gestatten, werden diejenigen, welche den Gegenstand der nachstehenden Betrachtungen ausmachen, durch Synthese aus Körpern von möglichst einfacher Zusammensetzung gebildet, so daß sie uns über ihre Constitution kaum im Zweifel lassen, und können deshalb gewissermaßen als Prototypen jener Körperreihe angesehen werden."
943:(In contrast to the paired organic acids known until now, which have been formed by the decomposition of organic matter of the most complicated composition during the reaction of strong agencies and under conditions that admit multiple interpretations of decomposition phenomena, those that constitute the object of the following observations are formed by synthesis from substances of the simplest possible composition, so that they leave us hardly in doubt about their constitution, and thus can be viewed in a way as prototypes of those series of substances.)
33:
699:, from 1870 to 1884), Kolbe was sometimes so severely critical of the work of others, especially after about 1874, that some wondered whether he might have been suffering a mental illness. He was intolerant of what he regarded as loose speculation parading as theory, and sought through his writings to save his beloved science of chemistry from what he regarded as the scourge of modern structural theory.
584:
can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding acids. In addition to his own bench research and scholarly and editorial work, Kolbe oversaw student research at
Leipzig and especially at Marburg; students spending time under his tutelage included
728:...Baeyer is an excellent experimentor, but he is only an empiricist, lacking sense and capability, and his interpretations of his experiments show particular deficiency in his familiarity with the principles of true science...»
493:
could be derived from substances clearly sourced from outside this "organic" context, directly or indirectly, by substitution processes. (Hence, while by modern definitions, he was converting one
301:. This was done via modifications to the idea of "radicals" and accurate prediction of the existence of secondary and tertiary alcohols, and to the emerging array of organic reactions through his
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489:, according to which a special life-force was necessary to create "organic" (i.e., in its original meaning, biologically derived) compounds. Kolbe promoted the idea that
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473:
In 1853, he married
Charlotte, the daughter of General-Major Wilhelm von Bardeleben. His wife died in 1876 after 23 years of happy marriage. They had four children.
722:. Some translated quotes illustrate his manner of articulating the deep conflict between his interpretation of chemistry and that of the structural chemists:
1309:
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333:'s Davy Medal in the year of his death. Despite these accomplishments and his training important members of the next generation of chemists (including
399:
pastor. At the age of 13, he entered the Göttingen
Gymnasium, residing at the home of one of the professors. He obtained the leaving certificate (the
458:, and he also wrote an important textbook. In 1851, Kolbe succeeded Bunsen as professor of chemistry at Marburg and, in 1865, he was called to the
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he wrote numerous books Kolbe served for more than a decade as what, in modern terms, would be understood the senior editor of the
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was confirmed by the synthesis of the first of these classes of organic molecules. Kolbe was the first person to use the word
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426:. He took his doctoral degree in 1843 at the same university. A new opportunity arose in 1845, when he became assistant to
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501:—substances into "organic" ones only thought accessible through vital processes.) He validated his theory by converting
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375:'s reforms of nomenclature were personally critical and linguistically violent. Kolbe died of a heart attack in
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Kolbe wrote the word "synthesis" describing his project to transform carbon disulfide into acetic acid. See:
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1232:, the article on the original German journal and its descendants, German Knowledge, accessed 2 July 2014.
1214:
121:
1256:. English title: "On the syntheses of salicylic acid"; German title "Ueber Synthese der Salicylsäure".
408:
529:. A dramatic success came when his theoretical prediction of the existence of secondary and tertiary
325:, Kolbe was involved with the early internationalization of chemistry through work in London (with
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His rejection of structural chemistry, especially the theories of the structure of benzene by
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269:(27 September 1818 – 25 November 1884) was a major contributor to the birth of modern
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in its present-day meaning, and contributed a number of new chemical reactions.
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1148:"BegrĂĽndung meiner Urtheile ĂĽber Ad. Baeyer's wissenschaftliche Qualification"
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1178:"Today In Science History – September 27 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe"
999:
854:
The Quiet
Revolution: Hermann Kolbe and the Science of Organic Chemistry
762:
The Quiet
Revolution: Hermann Kolbe and the Science of Organic Chemistry
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The violence of his language worked to limit his posthumous reputation.
329:). He was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and won the
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to another, by the parlance of his era, he was converting "inorganic"—
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in a chemical context, and contributed to the philosophical demise of
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368:
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Lindsey, Alan; Jeskey, Harold (1957). "The Kolbe
Schmitt Reaction".
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in the spring of 1838 in order to study with the famous chemist
403:) six years later. He had become passionate about the study of
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1252:
English
Translation of Kolbe's seminal 1860 German article in
955:"Untersuchungen ĂĽber die Elektrolyse organischer Verbindungen"
597:
predicting the product composition of elimination reactions),
1100:"Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe – developer of Kolbe synthesis"
602:
379:
at age 66, six years after the death of his wife, Charlotte.
745:
Untersuchungen ĂĽber die
Elektrolyse organischer Verbindungen
359:
for more than a decade, in which his vituperative essays on
921:[Contributions to knowledge of paired compounds].
572:. His method for the synthesis of nitriles is called the
485:
in 1828, some chemists still believed in the doctrine of
1170:
353:, and others), Kolbe is best remembered for editing the
1071:
1039:
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718:, was expressed in his vituperative articles in the
1202:Kurzes Lehrbuch der Chemie . 1.Anorganische Chemie
919:"Beiträge zur Kenntniß der gepaarten Verbindungen"
540:In particular, Kolbe developed procedures for the
462:. In 1864, he was elected a foreign member of the
669:(first to describe the double bond of ethylene),
1290:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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825:
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440:Handwörterbuch der reinen und angewandten Chemie
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714:, and the reform of chemical nomenclature by
297:, and also contributed to the development of
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1310:Academic staff of the University of Marburg
1204:. Vieweg, Braunschweig 2. verb. Aufl. 1884
657:describing addition reactions to alkenes),
438:. From 1847, he was engaged in editing the
876:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:
1118:
829:
680:
525:, so contributing to the development of
444:Dictionary of Pure and Applied Chemistry
281:. Kolbe was the first to apply the term
1210:University and State Library DĂĽsseldorf
808:
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916:
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1295:Academic staff of Leipzig University
1285:Foreign members of the Royal Society
483:Friedrich Wöhler's synthesis of urea
466:. He was elected as a member of the
387:Kolbe was born in Elliehausen, near
418:In 1842, he became an assistant to
13:
1320:People from the Kingdom of Hanover
1217:Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis
1195:
481:As late as the 1840s, and despite
14:
1331:
1236:
1015:"Ueber Synthese der Salicylsäure"
785:"Zur Erinnerung an Hermann Kolbe"
464:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
395:(Germany) as the eldest son of a
1254:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
1020:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
960:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
923:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
832:"Hermann Kolbe – German chemist"
434:in London and a close friend of
1139:
748:. Edinburgh: Livingstone. 1947.
736:
1300:University of Göttingen alumni
1102:. 11 June 2015. Archived from
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909:
884:
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766:University of California Press
697:Journal of practical chemistry
591:Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev
468:American Philosophical Society
207:Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev
1:
1229:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
1221:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
1219:, ultimate descendant of the
1152:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
789:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
720:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
692:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
356:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
1305:University of Marburg alumni
1270:19th-century German chemists
456:Johann Christian Poggendorff
424:Philipps-Universität Marburg
267:Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe
47:Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe
7:
367:'s theory on the origin of
10:
1336:
1067:Electrochemical Dictionary
753:
432:Museum of Economic Geology
305:of carboxylate salts, the
16:German chemist (1818–1884)
1315:Scientists from Göttingen
1079:"Kolbe Nitrile Synthesis"
477:Work in chemical research
363:'s structure of benzene,
289:through synthesis of the
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42:
30:
23:
1164:10.1002/prac.18820260121
1126:"Books by Hermann Kolbe"
1047:"Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction"
1033:10.1002/jlac.18601130120
973:10.1002/jlac.18490690302
935:10.1002/jlac.18450540202
801:10.1002/prac.18850300143
649:smaller and larger than
273:. He was a professor at
1248:18 October 2020 at the
1224:, accessed 2 July 2014.
852:Rocke, Alan J. (1993).
760:Rocke, Alan J. (1993).
574:Kolbe nitrile synthesis
409:University of Göttingen
407:, matriculating at the
382:
331:Royal Society of London
315:Kolbe nitrile synthesis
126:Kolbe nitrile synthesis
1215:Wiley online library:
1146:Hermann Kolbe (1882).
1013:Hermann Kolbe (1860).
953:Hermann Kolbe (1849).
783:von Meyer, E. (1884).
731:
708:asymmetric carbon atom
681:Work as journal editor
619:Beckmann rearrangement
570:Kolbe-Schmitt reaction
560:, a building block of
309:in the preparation of
307:Kolbe-Schmitt reaction
122:Kolbe–Schmitt reaction
724:
685:Besides his work for
611:Curtius rearrangement
317:. After studies with
177:University of Leipzig
173:University of Marburg
107:University of Marburg
896:search.amphilsoc.org
892:"APS Member History"
809:Notes and references
706:, the theory of the
667:Alexander Crum Brown
643:Vladimir Markovnikov
564:in a process called
503:carbon disulfide (CS
247:Alexander Crum Brown
235:Vladimir Markovnikov
1180:. 27 September 2014
1000:10.1021/cr50016a001
645:(first to describe
635:Constantin Fahlberg
617:(discoverer of the
615:Ernst Otto Beckmann
460:Universität Leipzig
227:Constantin Fahlberg
215:Ernst Otto Beckmann
939:From pp. 145–146:
917:Kolbe, H. (1845).
655:Markovnikov's rule
639:Nikolai Menshutkin
554:Kolbe electrolysis
393:Kingdom of Hanover
303:Kolbe electrolysis
231:Nikolai Menshutkin
117:Kolbe electrolysis
66:Kingdom of Hanover
60:Elliehausen, near
1106:on 19 August 2016
863:978-0-520-08110-9
775:978-0-520-08110-9
675:Frederick Guthrie
527:structural theory
491:organic compounds
448:Justus von Liebig
299:structural theory
293:acetic acid from
291:organic substance
271:organic chemistry
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255:Frederick Guthrie
199:Doctoral students
153:Scientific career
57:27 September 1818
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544:of the salts of
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295:carbon disulfide
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1182:. Retrieved
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1104:the original
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737:Publications
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587:Peter Griess
542:electrolysis
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203:Peter Griess
169:Institutions
152:
78:(1884-11-25)
18:
1280:1884 deaths
1275:1818 births
687:periodicals
663:Ludwig Mond
651:cyclohexane
647:carbocycles
623:Carl Graebe
605:compounds,
593:(known for
576:, and with
511:acetic acid
499:anorganisch
430:at the new
351:Markovnikov
243:Ludwig Mond
219:Carl Graebe
95:Nationality
1264:Categories
631:Oscar Loew
609:, and the
607:hydrazines
548:and other
397:Protestant
365:van't Hoff
223:Oscar Loew
136:Davy Medal
53:1818-09-27
872:cite book
535:synthesis
470:in 1874.
405:chemistry
389:Göttingen
369:chirality
327:Frankland
283:synthesis
62:Göttingen
1246:Archived
988:Chem Rev
627:alizarin
582:nitriles
531:alcohols
523:radicals
487:vitalism
343:Beckmann
313:and the
287:vitalism
143:ForMemRS
1208:by the
1184:28 July
1131:28 July
1110:28 July
1084:28 July
1052:28 July
837:28 July
754:Sources
562:aspirin
422:at the
377:Leipzig
339:Curtius
335:Zaitsev
311:aspirin
279:Leipzig
275:Marburg
163:Chemist
84:Leipzig
860:
772:
673:, and
454:, and
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