Alex Saab - Knowledge

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forced to comply with the request" and that "sufficiently persuasive reasons to justify its reception do not exist". The Tribunal's three judges considered that the requests to the different Member States of the committee "are part of a constructive dialogue" that does not imply "any relationship of subordination", but rather of "complementarity", writing in the ruling that "This body presents its interpretation, which the State considers and responds if it freely deems it necessary to diverge with them". The justices also suggested that the committee did not have knowledge about Saab's record. In response, Saab's lawyer said the court had made a legal, strategic, and ethical mistake and was "send a clear message to the world that it can exercise its sovereignty to violate human rights while ignoring the norms of international human rights law to which it has subscribed".

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documents were presented in 2021, the prosecution also requested them be kept private because at the time it thought it would be risky for him and his family for the details of the collaboration to be known in Venezuela. However, during this hearing, prosecutors stated that it was time for them to be made public and downplayed any dangers, saying that Saab's legal team had not taken them up on an offer to assist his family in leaving Venezuela. Scola agreed, stating that the documents could not be kept secret indefinitely and that the access to criminal processes public's right outweighed the concerns about the dangers to his family. He also said the court had not heard valid arguments to support the claim that disclosure of the documents would endanger Saab's family in Venezuela, after nearly a year.

1097: 680:(DIJIN) issued arrest warrants on 24 September 2018 against seven people, including Alex Saab, charged with asset laundering worth US$ 25 billion between 2004 and 2011, and planned to carry out an operation the following day. However, the operation was foiled after Eddie Andrés Pinto, a patrolman of the DIJIN who served as an interception analyst, alerted several members of the group about their arrests. As a response, Alex Saab escaped to Venezuela and his brothers, Luis Alberto and Amir, disconnected their cellphones and the authorities lost their track. After an investigation, a tip by an anonymous informant and an extortation complaint filed by a trusted person by Saab, the Colombian authorities identified Andrés Pinto as responsible; on 11 October he was arrested in 1159:

government, planning to turn himself in. According to the documents, Saab met with American authorities between August 2016 and June 2019, and signed a cooperation agreement with the DEA in 2018. The documents also mentioned how in another meeting in June 2018 Saab admitted paying bribes related to food supply contracts. The documents state that, as part of the cooperation agreement with the American authorities, Saab wired over $ 10 million obtained through said operations to the DEA and held several meetings with agents and prosecutors in Colombia and Europe. According to prosecutors, the United States stopped considering him as a collaborator after Saab missed a 30 May 2019 deadline set for him to turn himself in and face charges in Florida.

1174:, rejected that Saab cooperated. Rivkin said that the only purpose of Saab's meetings with US officials was to "confirm that neither he nor any company related to him had done anything wrong" and that the meetings were held with the "full knowledge and support" of the Maduro government. Rivkin also said that the release of the documents were an attempt to harm Venezuela and its relationship with Saab, and that it showed that the government's case was weak. Camilla Fabri, Saab's wife, also rejected on Twitter that cooperation took place, declared that the U.S. was "brazenly lying, like it did with Russia and Iraq" and that her husband "would never harm Venezuela". 293:, businessman César Ruiz Sandoval was a key player in Saab's network starting from 2008 and would reportedly receive financial compensation from companies linked to Saab, up to 260 million pesos from HSC Capital, Golden Sun Trading de Colombia, Promotora Dubera and other companies. Ruiz owned a company named Marmocol de Colombia that would later be called Criadero Porcino Casa Blanca which had a Saab company among its commercial references, Shatex. Ruiz is also named as a founder and as a shareholder of Soft Solutions (later named Intratex International), along with other partners of Alex Saab. César Ruiz was killed on 4 June 2022 and the 854:. After his arrest, Venezuela said Saab was a Venezuelan diplomat who was on a humanitarian mission to Iran to organise the exchange of Venezuelan gold for Iranian gasoline, an argument rejected by Cape Verde's Barlavento Court of Appeal. While no extradition treaty exists between Cape Verde and the U.S., legal experts have argued that Cape Verde is part of United Nations conventions that compel the country to comply with an Interpol red notice, regardless of the date when it was issued. 1182: 730:, (who has pled guilty to Laundering about US$ 2.5 million in deposits from overseas accounts that were controlled by Saab) claimed that an intermediary (later identified by Bagley as Jorge Luis Hernández) told Bagley the $ 2.5 million he received from Saab was to pay lawyers who were assisting Saab with his cooperation with the U.S. government, who in meetings provided information on the Maduro government to U.S. authorities. 1112:. It said Saab's health had deteriorated and that he needed access to specialist medical care for his cancer. On 1 September 2021, the Barlavento Court of Appeal granted Saab's request. Saab's defence team asked the Cape Verde courts to refuse Saab's extradition on the grounds that there were legal irregularities associated with his arrest. By September 2021, the request had reached the Cape Verde Constitutional Court. 344:'s government for alleged money laundering through false exports to Venezuela via Colombia; although Saab was not accused of wrongdoing, in 2013 Ecuadorian prosecutors alleged the company was used to launder more than $ 130 million, but the case was dropped after several years. A parallel investigation by Colombia's customs agency was dropped in 2014 when the investigator resigned and moved abroad due to death threats. 685:

regarding the operation or if they were subject of extortion, and the Prosecution was evaluating if Pinto received benefits in exchange of the provided information. On 23 September 2018, one of Saab's lawyers filed a complaint with the prosecution for attempted extortion from a public official "who is providing confidential information about investigative proceedings against the Saab family using

536:(SNTP). Since the reports, the Armando.Info site suffered massive cyber attacks, warning that the ban on mentioning Saab in successive investigation articles "increases the threat". Roberto Deniz rejected the sentence, recalling that after the publications the journalistic team had been threatened via Twitter and banned from leaving the country by the 11th Court in Caracas. 162:; born 21 December 1971) is a Colombian businessman. Saab was the subject of journalistic investigations for conducting businesses estimated at US$ 135 million with the Venezuelan government, while other Colombian businessmen had stopped exporting to Venezuela due to uncertainty regarding payments and tight exchange controls. Saab's name has appeared in multiple 793:, "The corruption network that operates the CLAP program has allowed Maduro and his family members to steal from the Venezuelan people. They use food as a form of social control, to reward political supporters and punish opponents, all the while pocketing hundreds of millions of dollars through a number of fraudulent schemes." 189:, a Venezuelan investigative journalist outlet, reported that Saab received US$ 159 million from the Venezuelan government to import housing materials between 2012 and 2013, but only delivered products worth US$ 3 million. He later sold food to Venezuela for more than US$ 200 million in a contract signed by President 1195:

nearly two years later. The prosecution argued that the documents suggested potential forgery, and that if Saab was indeed a special envoy, the Maduro administration would have immediately referred to Saab as such, which did not happen until months later, along with the existence of a supposed diplomatic passport.

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possible the arrival of food and industrial parts to Venezuela. In February 2021, the Venezuelan government organized a concert in support of Alex Saab in Caracas' Diego Ibarra Square, asking for his release. Two ruling party deputies visited Nigeria's embassy in Venezuela, also asking for his liberation.

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As an individual and on behalf of the entities he controlled or was the beneficial owner of, he will waive any and all future claims and challenges and relinquish any and all funds and property already seized or subject to forfeiture in the United States in connection with the prosecution of offenses

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asked Cape Verde to suspend Saab's extradition and to ensure he has access to specialised medical care chosen by him. The committee said it wanted time to analyse Saab's case. Cape Verde's Supreme Tribunal rejected the UN committee's request in a 39 pages-long decision, ruling that "Cape Verde is not

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in Venezuela will continue, no one takes the CLAP away from the people." A statement from the Venezuelan foreign ministry "denounces the repeated practice of economic terrorism by the US government against the Venezuelan people, announcing measures whose criminal purpose is to deprive all Venezuelans

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source, during this time Saab accumulated million dollar debts after the suspension of foreign exchange payments by the Venezuelan government, which in turn alleged that some businessmen in the country had cheated millions from the Cadivi system, although Saab was not accused of such fraud. Saab sued

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On 8 September 2021 the Constitutional Tribunal of Cape Verde rejected Saab's defence appeal and approved Saab's extradition to the United States on money laundering charges. The 194 page ruling agreed with the decision of two lower courts, the Barlovento Appeals Tribunal and the Supreme Tribunal of

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On 15 March 2021, the ECOWAS Court of Justice ruled against Saab's extradition and ordered that he be freed because he was detained before the Interpol Red Notice was issued. It ordered Cape Verde to pay Saab 200,000 euros in compensation. Decisions of the Court of Justice are binding, but the court

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issued a series of sanctions that included Saab, which included the freezing of assets and travel bans. Álvaro Enrique Pulido, identified as Saab's associate, was also sanctioned, in both cases for ""exploiting two of Venezuela's public programs that were established to provide poor Venezuelans with

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On 8 May 2019, the Colombian prosecutors office charged Saab with crimes of money laundering, a concert to commit crimes, illicit enrichment, exports and fictitious imports and an aggravated fraud for events related to his Shatex company. Since September 2018, he is considered a fugitive in Colombia

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He was extradited to the United States on 16 October 2021 and charged with eight counts of money laundering, accused of moving $ 350 million out of Venezuela into accounts controlled in the United States and other countries, as well as falsifying documents to obtain contracts for the construction of

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Saab was extradited to the United States on 16 October 2021 and charged with eight counts of money laundering, accused of moving $ 350 million out of Venezuela into accounts controlled in the United States and other countries, as well as falsifying documents to obtain contracts for the construction

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in relation to his indictment for money laundering in the United States. The Venezuelan government stated the red notice had been issued a day after Saab was detained. Venezuela's foreign ministry said the Venezuelan government had employed Saab to obtain food, medicine and other humanitarian goods

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initiative, exposing Saab's relationship with the Venezuelan government. The first report showed Saab's connections to Hong Kong-based Grupo Grand (including the listing of his son as a beneficiary and the company sharing an address with another of Saab's enterprises; Saab rejected the allegations)

204:, fictitious exports and imports, and aggravated fraud for events related to his Shatex company. During the course of these investigations, his accounting auditors were arrested and charged by the prosecutor's office. Both Saab and his accountant were acquitted of the Colombian charges in May 2024. 966:

in early 2021 analysed more than half a million Twitter posts related to Alex Saab and concluded that Nicolás Maduro's administration "and/or its proxies (witting or unwitting) are involved in a coordinated campaign to influence both the government of Cape Verde and its population to obstruct Alex

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Following the publication, Armando.info and the journalists were threatened and had their personal information shared on social media, and Saab brought a lawsuit alleging continued defamation of reputation and aggravated injury charges, which carry a prison sentence of up to six years, leading the

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offshore financing scandal, to create companies abroad. Among these were Seafire Foundation, Lintel Overseas and PI Proment International Sociedad Anónima Kingstone Team Inc. Saab's lawyer said none of these companies were ever used. Among the companies there also was Group Grand Limited, of which

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that contradicted an electronic version introduced by the defense reportedly showing that by presidential decree Saab had been appointed special envoy. They also introduced a copy of Saab's purported diplomatic passport with a picture and signature matching another, non-diplomatic passport issued

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In 2018, the Venezuela government began paying for the CLAP imports using its gold resources. The US Treasury said the government was pressuring miners to sell Saab gold at an inflated market rate. "The gold would be flown to the United Arab Emirates and Turkey. Saab's company, Mulberry, based in

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On 28 November 2011, Saab's Bogota-based company Fondo Global de Construccion (Global Construction Fund) signed an agreement with the Venezuelan government, which resulted in a contract of US$ 685 million for the construction of prefabricated homes in Venezuela as part of la Gran Misión Vivienda

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with billboards, murals and graffitis to ask for his liberation. The government designed a communication campaign to build an alternative narrative of Saab's affair, showing him as an ally entrepreneur with diplomatic powers that with his efforts had managed to evade economic sanctions and made

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and signed by the general director of CONATEL, Vianey Miguel Rojas "forbids citizens Roberto Denis Machín, Joseph Poliszuk, Ewald Scharfenberg and Alfredo José Meza to publish and disseminate mentions that go against the honor and reputation of the citizen Alex Naím Saab" through digital media,

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Saab Moran está relacionado con la contratista Fondo Global de Construcción. Gracias a una sociedad registrada en Hong Kong, este empresario ha logrado venderle alimentos a Venezuela por más de 200 millones de dólares en una negociación firmada por el actual presidente del vecino país, Nicolás

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Prosecutors requested that seven of the initial eight July 2019 indictment charges be dropped to comply with assurances to the Cape Verde government in seeking Saab's extradition, who were promised that Saab would only be charged on a single count to comply with Cape Verde's laws regarding the

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David Rivkin, one of Saab's attorneys, strongly rejected the claim that his client had ever cooperated with American officials as "totally false." "At all times, Alex Saab has been a loyal citizen of Venezuela and has conducted all of his activities with the full knowledge and blessing of the

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In the hearing where the documents were revealed, one of Saab's defense lawyers, Neil Schuster, pleaded with Judge Scola that the information be kept secret, fearing that the physical safety of Saab's family in Venezuela could be put at risk if the Maduro government learned about it. When the

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According to judicial documents published on 16 February 2022, Saab became a DEA informant in 2018, during which time he shared information with the United States justice system about the bribes that he offered to Venezuelan officials, his illicit activities and contracts with the Venezuelan

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and indicted by the Prosecution with bribery and illegal violation of communications or correspondence of an official nature. Pinto announced his intention to collaborate with the authorities. At the moment it was unknown if the indicted group and Saab contacted the DIJIN to leak information

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ordered Cape Verde to grant house arrest to Alex Saab. On 15 December, the Cape Verde Court of Appeals ruled to refuse the decision, arguing that ECOWAS Court lacks the jurisdiction to force Cape Verde to take decisions. Cape Verde also asked the ECOWAS Court to rescind the decision.

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affordable food and housing", saying that "They both benefited from improperly awarded contracts, in which promised goods were delivered at highly inflated prices. Their actions caused more suffering to Venezuelans who were already in poverty for their own private enrichment."

623:, based on 120 interviews. Reyes described Saab as a "super minister", saying that he had more tasks than any other member of Maduro's cabinet, and has written that the United States calculates that Saab's profits from the Venezuelan government are over a billion dollars. 226:

The Venezuelan government denied or ignored any relationship with Saab for years, but after his arrest in Cape Verde it started deploying a support campaign in favour of Saab and to prevent his extradition, using government social media accounts and filling

464:". The food supplies have been sold through Group Grand Limited for 112% more than the original price in Mexico. Saab would have met Pulido in 2012, when he was dedicated to supplying the Saab company, but this activity would have stopped doing it in 2014. 1177:

Schuster asked the judge to release Saab on bail following his cooperation with the U.S. government. Scola rejected the request, citing Saab's attempts to avoid extradition, among other reasons. The judge set the date for the next hearing for 11 October.

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does not have the authority to enforce its judgements in member states, including Cape Verde. On 17 March, Cape Verde's Supreme Tribunal approved Saab's extradition request. Cape Verde later asked the ECOWAS to nullify the decision in favor of Alex Saab.

340:, a Venezuelan investigative journalist outlet, reported that Saab received US$ 159 million from the Venezuelan government to import housing materials between 2012 and 2013, but only delivered products worth US$ 3 million. The company was investigated by 734:, one of Saab's attorneys, said Saab had not cooperated with American officials and the Venezuelan government were aware of all his activities. The meetings reportedly took place from 2017 until the U.S. money laundering charges were releveled in 2019. 693:

messages, in exchange for some economic or labor purpose.” On 12 October, Andrés Pinto accepted the extortion charges that were indicted against him. According to the complaint in the audios and WhatsApp captures provided therein, Pinto requested

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and others to Lizcano, who authorities were investigating over his possible links to Saab. According to Armando.info, the lawmakers wrote the letters despite being aware of evidence that tied Lizcano to Saab. In addition, the portal pointed to

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that Saab had run the company since 2012–14. The company shared an address with Fondo Global, and executives said Saab worked alongside Carlos Gutiérrez, the son of a Colombian agricultural magnate, and Colombian businessman Alvaro Pulido.

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public relations firm and a United Kingdom-based nonprofit called Digital Good Governance for Africa that paid influencers to tweet about Saab in an effort to sway public opinion and court proceedings in Nigeria and Cape Verde.

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500 million in exchange for erasing all the information that existed on behalf of Saab, stating that "there was nothing that compromised Saab or his family", but that they "were going to be captured as a measure of pressure".

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A Álvaro Pulido, otro de los implicados en la denuncia de la exfiscal Ortega, lo habría conocido hace cinco años cuando se dedicaba a proveer a la empresa de Saab, pero esta actividad habría dejado de realizarla hace tres

946:, said that they were threatened by the company's board with massive layoffs and labor benefits removal if they refused to participate in videos or protests to demand the release of Saab, who is connected to the company. 1092:

The Constitutional Court of Cape Verde heard the parties on 13 August 2021, after Alex Saab's lawyers appealed the decision of the country's Supreme Court of Justice to authorize his extradition to the United States.

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On 7 November, prosecutors presented documents casting doubt on defense evidence to argue that Saab, showing a printed copy of the Official Gazette of Venezuela edition No. 6,373 from 26 April 2018 obtained from the

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In the early 2000, he formed a network of export organisations with family members listed as officers. Saab joined a group of Colombian businessmen who were exporting merchandise to Colombia from Venezuela using the

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On 5 January 2021, the Cape Verde Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Alex Saab's extradition. On 21 January, authorities of Cape Verde announced that his transfer to house arrest was approved. Experts consulted by

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as implicated in alleged acts of corruption to "cleanse the reputation" of Colombian businessmen linked to the Maduro government and the alleged network of embezzlement of CLAP social assistance funds.

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Saab will not accept or receive any financial benefit directly or indirectly, in any form, or amount, from any book, film or other publication or production, in any form or medium, about his situation.

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invited Saab to become special economic envoy to Venezuela, granting him Antiguan citizenship. He had a contract to build a factory in Antigua to make housing panels, but the factory never opened.

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case. Saab's defense team said that Saab "is the key figure for the U.S. in their plan to overthrow Nicolás Maduro and keep suffocating the Venezuelan people" and that Saab was on a mission to

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expressed surprise by the declaration, saying that after years denying or ignoring its relationship with Saab, the government now called him a "government agent" and a "Venezuelan citizen".

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won "an overvalued government contract to build 25,000 units of low-income housing for three or four-times the worth of the original construction cost." From 2011, Saab worked with Maduro's

4561: 460:, said Alex Saab was the co-owner of the Mexican firm supplying food to CLAP, Group Grand Limited, along with Álvaro Pulido and Rofolfo Reyes, who Ortega claimed was "presumably President 4497: 1861: 1220:

Saab will waive and release any and all claims, demands, rights and causes of action of any kind and nature against the United States of America, its agents, servants and employees.

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Ha sido la detención y el temor de que sea deportado o extraditado a los Estados Unidos lo que rompió el silencio sepulcral mantenido durante años en torno a la figura de Alex Saab

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agreed to hear an appeal by Saab's defence team, which was seeking to have the US courts recognise his diplomatic immunity. The US was required to lodge a response within 30 days.

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After the extradition, the Venezuelan government pulled out of the Mexico talks in protest, having made Saab's participation in the official team a condition of the negotiations.

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a través del celular facilitado para comunicarse con el agente de la Dijín, pudo grabar sus conversaciones, en donde se evidencia la corrupción que existe al interior de la Dijín

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Saab began his career in Barranquilla at age 18, selling business promotional keychains and subsequently work uniforms. By the time he was 19, he had opened a T-shirt factory.

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charged Saab and Pulido with money laundering of up US$ 350 million related to a 2011-15 scheme to pay bribes to take advantage of Venezuela's government-set exchange rate.

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opened an investigation into two men who posed as representatives of the Cape Verde government and travelled to Venezuela to discuss Saab's case with President Maduro.

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Sin embargo, otro de los abogados de Saab que busca que una corte de apelaciones de Atlanta falle en favor de la inmunidad diplomática, negó todo tipo de cooperación.

562:, another businessman linked with the government and the CLAP program. The investigation reported that the implicated lawmakers had written letters of support to the 4691: 661: 2723: 4662: 4609: 3285: 2429: 922:

After Alex Saab's detention, the Venezuelan government started deploying a support campaign in favour of Saab, using government social media accounts and filling

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In March 2021, after three years of investigation, Swiss prosecutors concluded that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute Saab for money laundering.

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Alex Saab shall not commit any additional crimes against the United States or in violation of the laws of the United States after acceptance of the pardon.

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off Cape Verde from November to December 2020, on a secret mission to "deter Venezuela and Iran from plotting to spirit Mr. Saab away from the island".

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suspended over 1,500 accounts in April 2021 for manipulating the #FreeAlexSaab hashtag, a hashtag used since mid-January as part of a campaign by a

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Justice, who had authorized the extradition in 2020 and March 2021, respectively, as well as supported the position of Cape Verde's government.

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In December 2023, Saab was released from jail to be sent back to Venezuela in exchange for ten American prisoners being held in Venezuela in a

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for failing to attend any judicial proceeding even with a firm arrest warrant. Saab was found not guity of the Colombian charges in May 2024.

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In December 2023 Saab was released from jail to be sent back to Venezuela in exchange for ten American prisoners being held in Venezuela in a

4957: 4848: 3369: 516:(CONATEL) of Venezuela banned the Armando.info journalists from publishing information about Saab. In a document addressed to the journalist 4364: 4337: 3092: 4524: 3413: 3199: 211:, Alex Saab was arrested while on his way from Venezuela to Iran on a business jet on 12 June 2020. Saab was arrested in accordance to an 5017: 2109: 4207: 4071: 4016: 1435: 4992: 4987: 4977: 4122: 943: 801: 782: 481: 433: 427: 294: 197: 1120: 196:

Saab has been investigated by Colombian authorities for allegedly laundering US$ 25 million between 2004 and 2011. On 8 May 2019, the

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Nicholas Maduro appointed Saab as president of the International Investment Centre of Venezuela after his return to Venezuela.

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and opened various businesses, including Textiles Saab, finding success in Colombia's textile industry. Alex Saab attended the

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On 1 December 2019, Armando.info published an investigation reporting that nine members of Venezuela's opposition-controlled

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started investigating Alex Saab on embezzlement charges related to CLAP public funds, sending a request for assistance to

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Scola agreed, saying the public's right to access criminal proceedings outweighs any concerns about his family's safety.

219:, accused of money laundering. Saab's extradition to the United States was approved by the Barlovento Appeals Tribunal, 4177:"Un tribunal regional africano falla contra la extradición a EE UU de Alex Saab, presunto testaferro de Nicolás Maduro" 2670: 2492:"Businessman who sued Univision Noticias lashes out in Venezuela against four journalists who had to leave the country" 532:, "until the end of the current process in the case being pursued against said citizens". The ban was denounced by the 231:

with billboards, murals and graffitis asking for his release, organizing demonstrations in his support, and starting a

588:. On 14 September, United States authorities froze accounts in Liechtenstein belonging to Saab worth US$ 700 million. 4982: 4952: 367:

Saab was co-owner of and was used to supply food to the Local Committees for Supply and Production (CLAP) programme.

3700: 4967: 1570: 4418:"Tribunal Constitucional de Cabo Verde escuchará caso de Alex Saab la próxima semana | Voice of America - Spanish" 3861:"Operación Alex Ghana: campaña de influencia a favor de Alex Saab en Ghana impulsada por "laboratorio" de Twitter" 3807:"Why Do A Bunch Of Nigerian Twitter Influencers Want This Alleged Money Launderer To Go Free? They're Being Paid" 1984: 637: 244: 4338:"Tribunal de Cabo Verde desestima solicitud de un comité de la ONU sobre Alex Saab | Voice of America - Spanish" 3569: 2873: 1891: 468:

Turkey, allegedly would help facilitate payments for the selling of gold and goods back to Venezuelan clients."

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and that it charged the Venezuelan government prices far above the market rate. The second report investigated

336:. Saab's lawyer, Abelardo De La Espriella, said that Saab had no connection with the Global Construction Fund. 243:

with the political opposition as a response. According to court documents released in 2022, Saab became a U.S.

3754:"La Fiscalía de Cabo Verde imputó a los dos emisarios que viajaron a Caracas para tratar el caso de Alex Saab" 1298: 316:, Walter, Yosser and Yoswal, known as Los Chamos, because of their access to Maduro and former Vice President 3519: 3398: 2853: 2409: 812:

According to Armando.Info, as a result of US investigations and sanctions, Saab moved his shell companies to

551: 267: 1494:"FinCEN Files: Un huracán de dinero de Alex Saab, el "testaferro de Nicolás Maduro", se formó sobre Antigua" 1409: 313: 2748:"'It is not the time to shut up': Venezuelan journalists remain in exile as press freedom attacks continue" 2079: 1214:

Saab shall thereafter remain outside the boundaries of the United States, its territories and possessions.

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Ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal of Cape Verde on 7 September 2021 approving Alex Saab's extradition

3914: 2724:"'I am still in shock': Journalists flee Venezuela to publish ongoing investigation, amid legal threats" 1832: 4931: 4475: 2151: 1612:"Alex Saab: quién es y de qué acusan al empresario vinculado al gobierno de Maduro extraditado a EE.UU" 889:, to release him. The Russian government criticised the detention of Saab and the extradition request. 597: 1862:"La justicia de Cabo Verde acuerda la extradición a EE UU de Alex Saab, presunto testaferro de Maduro" 476:

In April and September 2017 four investigative journalists published reports in Venezuelan web portal

4123:"Riesgo de fuga de Alex Saab aumentó "exponencialmente", dicen expertos | Voice of America - Spanish" 1271:"Régimen reveló que Alex Saab posee nacionalidad venezolana en un comunicado para exigir su libertad" 1104:

In August 2021, Saab's defence team asked that the site of his detention be moved from the island of

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The same month, employees of Salva Foods, which operates in La Guaira Port and imports and assembles

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of affordable housing, facing up to twenty years in prison. Saab pleaded not guilty to the charges.

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as a special envoy of Maduro to negotiate fuel and humanitarian supplies at the time of his arrest.

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TV network for its reporting of his businesses. By 2020, Saab had moved his base of operations to

5002: 4587: 4239: 2551: 1774:"Juez declara inocente a Álex Saab, señalado testaferro de Maduro, en caso por lavado de activos" 886: 862: 4498:"El Tribunal Constitucional de Cabo Verde habilitó la extradición de Alex Saab a Estados Unidos" 3394:"Treasury Disrupts Corruption Network Stealing From Venezuela's Food Distribution Program, CLAP" 908:, tweeted in support of Alex Saab, labeling his arrest as "arbitrary" and "illegal". Journalist 436:(CLAP) programme, established in 2016, imports food for the poor in Venezuela in the context of 98: 4972: 1250: 563: 545: 437: 379: 1007:

series dedicated to Saab. On 17 October 2021 it organized a demonstration in support of Saab.

1611: 1329: 4583:"Alex Saab será extraditado a Estados Unidos: las claves del caso saboteado por el chavismo" 4551: 1519: 239:

affordable housing. He faced up to twenty years in US prison. Maduro's government suspended

4947: 4154: 2937:"Conatel protege a Alex Saab y censura a medios que informen sobre caso de corrupción CLAP" 1245: 904:

Shortly after his detention, on 14 June, the foreign affairs minister appointed by Maduro,

774: 618: 441: 2084: 1896: 457: 8: 4692:"'Brutal aggression': Venezuela halts talks with opposition after envoy extradited to US" 3860: 1191: 1152: 726:

In November 2021 court records in the U.S. court case of an alleged ex-associate of Saab

690: 391: 348: 301: 182: 120: 2184: 1952: 1922:"Cabo Verde autoriza la extradición a EE UU de Alex Saab, presunto testaferro de Maduro" 656:

in 2020, revealed that from 2016 onwards banks had reported Saab to the U.S. Treasury's

3727:"Trabajadores de Salva Foods denuncian ser obligados a manifestar apoyo para Alex Saab" 3440:"Reino Unido impuso sanciones contra el empresario acusado de ser testaferro de Maduro" 3314:"Swiss investigators end Alex Saab money laundering probe due to insufficient evidence" 1135:, declared that Saab had been appointed a member of the government's negotiation team. 867: 858: 796:

The Maduro government rejected the sanctions, calling it sign of "desperation" by "the

640:(DEA) had been investigating companies owned by Saab and Álvaro Pulido on suspicion of 325: 201: 4471:"Cabo Verde aprueba la extradición a EEUU de Alex Saab, supuesto testaferro de Maduro" 4443:"Constitutional Court 7-Day Delay in Decision Continues to Detain Venezuelan Diplomat" 3393: 1803: 1022: 2547:"El extraño asesinato de un comerciante colombiano que aparece vinculado a Alex Saab" 2403: 2316: 1204: 1151:

maximum imprisonment term. Following the request, on 1 November 2021, American Judge

851: 317: 286:

Univisión's journalist Gerardo Reyes in the US after Reyes reported on these issues.

251: 4262:"Estiman que defensa de Alex Saab le ha costado a Venezuela 170 millones de dólares" 4044:"Maduro nombra a Álex Saab embajador ante la Unión Africana para evitar extradición" 3936:"Detained Colombia businessman was negotiating with Iran for Venezuela, lawyers say" 3834:"Cazadores de Fake News: empresa de marketing dirige campaña pro Alex Saab en Ghana" 3144:"EEUU congeló $ 700 millones de cuentas en Liechtenstein pertenecientes a Alex Saab" 3065:"Several deputies favored businessmen linked to the Clap, according to Armando.info" 1060:

declared that after the decision, the risk of his escape increased "exponentially".

786: 461: 445: 333: 190: 143: 4799: 4777:"Accused Venezuelan money launderer exposed as a U.S. informant, court records say" 4666: 4369: 4365:"Tribunal de Cabo Verde desestima solicitud de un comité de la ONU sobre Alex Saab" 4342: 4127: 4100: 3546: 2895:"Conatel prohíbe a periodistas de Armando Info publicar informaciones de Alex Saab" 2156: 1057: 950: 914: 641: 522: 290: 2981:"'Missed his moment': opposition corruption scandal undermines Venezuela's Guaido" 2799: 4824:[U.S. Attorney's Office: Alex Saab's defense presented forged evidence]. 3785: 3678: 3542:"¿Puede EE.UU. extraditar a Alex Saab sin tratado de extradición con Cabo Verde?" 1171: 1105: 962: 846: 731: 359: 212: 155: 3915:"Wikileaks lawyer Garzon to represent Maduro associate in U.S. extradition case" 1744:"Fiscalía presenta en audiencia a ex empleados de firma de empresario Alex Saab" 193:. The food was later resold in Venezuela for 112% more than its original price. 3701:"Álex Saab, supuesto testaferro de Nicolás Maduro, fue arrestado en Cabo Verde" 3042: 2617:"Special Report: In Venezuela's murky oil industry, the deal that went too far" 2052: 1666: 1410:"Alex Saab, el barranquillero que habría lavado US$ 135 millones del chavismo" 1000:

in support of Saab, after analyzing 151,725 tweets and fifty Twitter accounts.

872: 820: 790: 695: 601: 262:

Alex Saab is the son of a Lebanese immigrant, Luis, who settled in the city of

171: 4392:"Venezuelan Diplomat, Alex Saab's Defence Wins Procedural Victory in US Court" 3964:"El Tribunal de la CEDEAO ordena a Cabo Verde el arresto domiciliario de Saab" 3370:"Maduro ally Saab met with U.S. law enforcement years ago, court records show" 1074:

By March 2021, Saab's legal defense was estimated to have cost $ 170 million.

329: 139: 4941: 4879: 4718:"U.S. judge dismisses most money laundering charges against Maduro ally Saab" 4610:"Duro golpe al régimen de Nicolás Maduro: Alex Saab está en vuelo a los EEUU" 3968: 3811: 3570:"Navy Warship's Secret Mission Off West Africa Aims to Help Punish Venezuela" 3069: 2956:"Venezuela: Alex Saab, el nombre que la dictadura quiere borrar de la prensa" 2777: 2385:"Venezuela's Trade Scheme With Turkey Is Enriching a Mysterious Maduro Crony" 2341: 1833:"Businessman close to Maduro arrested; Venezuela slams 'arbitrary detention'" 1357: 1207:. President Joe Biden issued a pardon to Saab with the following conditions: 1045: 972: 905: 806: 778: 581: 363: 352: 216: 167: 3414:"Gobierno venezolano califica sanciones de EEUU como "terrorismo económico"" 1067:

denied a request to cancel Saab's extradition request to the United States.

568: 4663:"Venezuela president's ally extradited to U.S. on money laundering charges" 4312:"Defensa de Alex Saab celebró solicitud para frenar su extradición a EE UU" 3886:"Code Pink pide al departamento de Justicia gringo liberación de Alex Saab" 3515:"The arrest, detention of Venezuela's Alex Saab in Cape Verde: One year on" 3286:"U.S. sanctions target food subsidy scam in Venezuela, charges businessman" 3037: 3033:"Do you need to wash your reputation? Deputies are rented for this purpose" 2804: 2675: 2648: 2644:"El más sospechoso contratista de Pdvsa se vincula al ex alcalde de Bogotá" 1957: 1671: 1382:"Alex Saab, Hezbollah's money man in Latin America, arrested in Cape Verde" 1037: 993: 871:

reported that "hard-liners at the Justice and State Departments, including

727: 649: 529: 486: 477: 383: 337: 263: 186: 175: 94: 20: 2430:"El oscuro pasado de dos millonarios contratistas del gobierno venezolano" 1718:"Fiscalía le imputó cargos a Alex Saab, señalado contratista del chavismo" 1452:

El empresario de Barranquilla es señalado por ser contratista del chavismo

800:

empire." Maduro said "Imperialists, prepare for more defeats, because the

200:

indicted Saab with charges of money laundering, concert to commit crimes,

4637:"Álex Saab es extraditado a Estados Unidos, según un medio de Cabo Verde" 3093:"Vaduz mène une enquête à hauts risques sur les pots-de-vin du Venezuela" 2299:"U.S. swaps Maduro ally for 'Fat Leonard' in Venezuela prisoner exchange" 1026: 1013:

started collecting signatures to ask for Saab's release in October 2021.

585: 490: 375: 4235:"Afirman que la defensa de Alex Saab ha costado 170 millones de dólares" 2773:"Leche de los Clap no es nutritiva, según investigación de Armando.info" 2271:"Alex Saab dio a EE.UU. información sobre Venezuela y se iba a entregar" 1044:

On 29 December, Nicolás Maduro appointed Alex Saab as ambassador to the

934:#FreeAlexSaab poster at a summit of Latin American political leaders in 2018:"El chavismo despliega una campaña en defensa del empresario Alex Saab" 1697:"El chavismo revendió paquetes de comida a los pobres un 112% más caro" 1469:"Perfil | Alex Saab: de vender llaves a socio comercial de un gobierno" 1181: 954: 842: 208: 4186: 3487:

Bartenstein, Ben; Hoije, Katarina; Almeida, Henrique (18 March 2021).

3176: 2241: 2022: 1926: 1866: 882:

interview that he had been tortured by the authorities in Cape Verde.

382:

SA (PDVSA), worth around $ 4.5 billion, for a drilling project in the

4903:"Alex Saab fue absuelto en proceso por lavado de activos en Colombia" 4529: 4447: 4212: 4048: 4021: 3991:"Un tribunal de Cabo Verde rechaza el arresto domiciliario para Saab" 3838: 3731: 3625: 3007:"Who is the deputy José Brito accused of alleged acts of corruption?" 1386: 1240: 1010: 992:

concluded that a marketing company called PromoCoreGH was leading an

789:'s stepsons and Saab. According to a statement by Treasury Secretary 754: 605: 493:

supplied by Saab's company was not nutritious, having high levels of

449: 411: 387: 300:

Saab was also enriched due to the materials supplier business of the

282: 2916:"Prohibieron a periodistas de Armando.info publicar sobre Alex Saab" 2874:"Cuatro periodistas huyen de Caracas y se unen al exilio venezolano" 1155:

dismissed seven out of eight money laundering charges against Saab.

681: 421: 4826: 4208:"Cabo Verde pide a la Cedeao anular sentencia a favor de Alex Saab" 4017:"Cabo Verde pide a la Cedeao anular sentencia a favor de Alex Saab" 3172:""Alex Saab tenía más funciones que cualquier ministro venezolano"" 3148: 2827:"Empresario Álex Saab demanda a cuatro periodistas de Armando.info" 2206:"US accuses Maduro of putting extradited businessman above country" 1353:"Capturan al revisor fiscal y al contador de empresas de Alex Saab" 1049: 1038:

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Court of Justice

976:

and the Digital Africa Research Lab (DigiAfricaLab) investigation,

750: 686: 398:, the deal collapsed by the start of 2016. Trenaco executives told 390:

reserve. After complaints from PDVSA's foreign partners, including

4822:"Fiscalía de EEUU: Defensa de Alex Saab presentó pruebas forjadas" 4072:"Cape Verde Court Approves Extradition of Maduro's Ally to the US" 3648:"Russia Knocks US Over Planned 'Illegal' Extradition Of Alex Saab" 2671:"La "precuela" de los Clap también fue negocio para Saab y Pulido" 1546:"El rastro de Álex Saab y de un exnarco en los papeles de Pandora" 4722: 4614: 4525:"Jorge Rodríguez informa que Alex Saab se incorporará al diálogo" 4502: 4150:"EE. UU. se niega a anular la orden de fugitivo contra Álex Saab" 3940: 3462: 3290: 2858: 2080:"El chavismo pide la liberación de presunto testaferro de Maduro" 1065:

United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida

1004: 981: 977: 935: 923: 665: 645: 502: 498: 399: 395: 341: 232: 228: 24: 2048:"Alex Saab se defiende en una carta y recibe apoyo del chavismo" 1016: 841:

on a business jet, Alex Saab was arrested during a fuel stop at

4684: 1132: 1128: 893: 813: 797: 770: 766: 762: 657: 494: 415: 278: 4795:"Venezuela's bid to save 'diplomat' from US charges takes hit" 4544: 3621:"Álex Saab pide a primer ministro de Cabo Verde que lo libere" 2110:"El régimen estrena en youtube una serie dedicada a Alex Saab" 1642:"Barranquillero Álex Saab es socio de Maduro: exfiscal Ortega" 1325:"Barranquillero Álex Saab es socio de Maduro: exfiscal Ortega" 4749:"Businessman close to Maduro was DEA informant, records show" 3489:"Maduro Financier Faces Extradition to U.S. After New Ruling" 3254:"El caso de extorsión denunciado por la defensa de Alex Saab" 2114: 1804:"Lawyer: businessman linked to Venezuelan leader is arrested" 1275: 1109: 997: 758: 660:

financial crimes bureau for suspicious transactions from the

456:. On 23 August 2017, the former Venezuelan attorney general, 453: 407: 4096:"Colombian businessmen tied to Maduro going to house arrest" 3458:"Britain sanctions Venezuelan President Maduro's envoy Saab" 181:

Saab was enriched by the materials supplier business of the

60: 4875:"Estas son las condiciones para que indultaran a Alex Saab" 4553:"Venezuela names US fugitive to team negotiating with foes" 3781:"Venezuela accused of waging Twitter war to free dealmaker" 3119:"Principado de Liechtenstein también investiga a Alex Saab" 2185:"Venezuelan President Maduro's close aide extradited to US" 1667:"Un huracán de dólares de Alex Saab se formó sobre Antigua" 1030: 838: 713:

U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida

702: 608:'s investigation team director, published in 2021 his book 163: 1512: 324:

housing programme, The signing was attended by presidents

4181: 3004: 2460:"¿Quién es Alex Saab, el barranquillero socio de Maduro?" 2275: 2152:"Alex Saab fue informante de la DEA, muestran documentos" 1436:"Capturaron al revisor fiscal y al contador de Alex Saab" 879: 631: 3340:"Court filings: Maduro ally met with US prior to arrest" 3224:"Así cayó el policía que filtró la captura de Alex Saab" 3200:"A roundup of FinCEN Files reporting from Latin America" 2698:"¿Quién es Alex Saab, el barranquillero socio de Maduro" 885:

In August 2020, Saab asked Cape Verde's Prime Minister,

3486: 2583:"Stepsons of Venezuelan President Sanctioned by the US" 1563: 1087:

United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

4932:

Logbook of pro-Alex Saab's cyber information operation

1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 2854:"Maduro silencia a los medios digitales en Venezuela" 2523:"Venezuelan Journalists Flee After Receiving Threats" 1892:"Cabo Verde extraditará a Álex Saab a Estados Unidos" 654:

International Consortium of Investigative Journalists

626: 378:

but largely run out of Colombia, won a contract from

138:

Close relationship with the Venezuelan government of

3568:

Schmitt, Eric; Turkewitz, Julie (22 December 2020).

1123:, head of the Venezuelan government's delegation to 3191: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 1587: 892:Saab's wife, Italian model Camila Fabbri, moved to 3482: 3480: 1021:The Madrid-based law firm of former Spanish judge 1003:In June 2021, the Venezuelan government started a 678:Directorate of Criminal Investigation and Interpol 370:In August 2015, a tiny trucking and trading firm, 591: 422:Local Committees for Supply and Production (CLAP) 4939: 3930: 3928: 3567: 2599: 1299:"Cabinet cuts ties with controversial Colombian" 440:. Saab had sold food to Venezuela for more than 306:Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project 4715: 3477: 3386: 2717: 2715: 2516: 2514: 2512: 1166:Another of Saab's lawyers that sought that the 721: 671: 308:(OCCRP), in 2009 Saab and his business partner 31: and the second or maternal family name is 3779:Long, Gideon; Stott, Michael (14 March 2021). 3693: 3280: 3278: 2615:Ulmer, Alexandra; Gupta, Girish (2016-07-26). 444:200 million in a contract signed by President 4872: 3925: 3593: 3005:María Antonieta Ascanio / (2 December 2019). 2973: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 1017:Extradition process and legal battle, 2020-21 471: 4742: 4740: 3594:Cotovio, Vasco; Soares, Isa (18 June 2021). 2712: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2509: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2321:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2297:Mangan, Rebecca Picciotto,Dan (2023-12-20). 1982: 1767: 1765: 837:On 12 June 2020, en route from Venezuela to 49: 5013:Recipients of American presidential pardons 3921:. 22 July 2020 – via www.reuters.com. 3368:Cohen, Luc; Ulmer, Alexandra (2021-11-11). 3275: 1537: 1127:with the Venezuelan opposition mediated by 297:would open an investigation on his murder. 5008:Drug Enforcement Administration informants 3367: 3116: 2614: 2489: 2391:. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25 2357: 434:Local Committees for Supply and Production 428:Local Committees for Supply and Production 406:In 2019, Saab launched two legal cases in 295:Office of the Attorney General of Colombia 198:Office of the Attorney General of Colombia 59: 4934:- Cazadores de Fake News, 24 October 2021 4737: 4435: 4384: 4070:Sleinan, Julett Pineda (5 January 2021). 3778: 3561: 3506: 2740: 2567: 2478: 1762: 1466: 1407: 1168:Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 514:National Commission of Telecommunications 4660: 4063: 3512: 3251: 1544:Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (2021-10-06). 1442:(in Spanish). Venezuela. 11 October 2018 1180: 1095: 929: 845:. Saab was arrested in accordance to an 744:United States Department of the Treasury 703:Colombian, US and Swiss criminal charges 636:In 2016, Reuters reported that the U.S. 534:Venezuelan National Press Workers' Union 332:, and Venezuela's then Foreign Minister 67:United States Department of the Treasury 4746: 4069: 3724: 3674:"La mujer de Álex Saab se muda a Moscú" 3230:(in Spanish). Colombia. 13 October 2018 3197: 3169: 2851: 2721: 2520: 2234: 2015: 1859: 1801: 1750:(in Spanish). Colombia. 12 October 2018 1361:(in Spanish). Colombia. 10 October 2018 1211:Alex Saab must leave the United States. 1185:Pardon issued by Joe Biden to Alex Saab 1170:ruled in favor of diplomatic immunity, 960:An intelligence report accessed by the 5023:People extradited to the United States 4940: 4900: 4873:Mozo Zambrano, Reynaldo (2023-12-22). 3760:(in European Spanish). August 25, 2020 3356:government of Venezuela," said Rivkin. 2953: 2638: 2636: 2296: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2200: 2198: 2179: 2177: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2104: 2102: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2042: 2040: 1946: 1944: 1916: 1914: 1886: 1884: 1855: 1853: 1691: 1689: 1661: 1659: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1543: 1379: 632:DEA investigation and the FinCEN files 575: 480:about inflated food prices within the 362:, the legal firm at the center of the 4014: 2954:Martín, Sabrina (12 September 2018). 2931: 2929: 2910: 2908: 2889: 2887: 2490:Calzadilla, Tamoa (9 February 2018). 2454: 2452: 2450: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2382: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1985:"El precio de investigar a Alex Saab" 1950: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1797: 1795: 1771: 1712: 1710: 1571:"Alex Saab Is Extradited to the U.S." 1462: 1460: 1079:United Nations Human Rights Committee 556:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis 221:Cape Verde's Supreme Court of Justice 215:in relation to his indictment in the 65:Picture of Alex Saab provided by the 4958:Colombian people of Lebanese descent 4747:Goodman, Joshua (16 February 2022). 4716:Alexandra Ulmer (November 1, 2021). 2852:Moleiro, Alonso (3 September 2018). 2580: 749:on 10 people and 13 companies (from 539: 3252:Palomino, Laura (16 October 2018). 2633: 2256: 2223: 2195: 2174: 2129: 2099: 2067: 2037: 1941: 1911: 1881: 1850: 1686: 1656: 1629: 1380:Salama, Samir (30 September 2018). 899: 159: 50: 13: 5018:Colombian people imprisoned abroad 4015:Bauer, Paula Andrea (2021-05-05). 3318:The Business & Financial Times 2926: 2905: 2884: 2447: 2416: 2002: 1983:Scharfenberg, Ewald (2021-10-17). 1820: 1792: 1707: 1457: 676:The Colombian Prosecution and the 627:Criminal investigations and arrest 320:, to secure government contracts. 14: 5034: 4993:People of the Crisis in Venezuela 4988:People named in the Panama Papers 4978:Naturalized citizens of Venezuela 4925: 1953:"El penúltimo vuelo de Alex Saab" 1860:Manetto, Francesco (2021-01-05). 1317: 1192:United States Library of Congress 832: 580:In September 2020 authorities in 289:According to an investigation by 4963:Colombian emigrants to Venezuela 4894: 4866: 4841: 4814: 4787: 4769: 4709: 4654: 4629: 4602: 4575: 4517: 4490: 4463: 4410: 4357: 4330: 4304: 4279: 4254: 4227: 4200: 4169: 4142: 4115: 4088: 4036: 3513:Segbefia, Sedem (13 June 2021). 3170:Torrado, Santiago (2021-07-19). 2521:Sabados, Katarina (2018-02-08). 1802:Goodman, Joshua (13 June 2020). 1052:and to prevent his extradition. 1025:will represent Alex Saab in the 644:from the illegal trafficking of 448:through a registered company in 4564:from the original on 2021-09-14 4008: 3983: 3956: 3907: 3896:from the original on 2021-10-18 3878: 3853: 3826: 3799: 3772: 3746: 3725:Noriega, Nadeska (2021-02-03). 3718: 3666: 3640: 3613: 3587: 3534: 3450: 3432: 3406: 3361: 3332: 3306: 3245: 3216: 3163: 3136: 3110: 3085: 3057: 3041:. December 2019. Archived from 3025: 2998: 2947: 2866: 2845: 2819: 2792: 2765: 2690: 2663: 2539: 2428:Reyes, Gerardo (4 March 2017). 2329: 2290: 1976: 1951:Deniz, Roberto (14 June 2020). 1736: 1467:Hernández, Frank (2021-10-18). 1408:Pulzo.com (30 September 2018). 896:with her family in early 2021. 638:Drug Enforcement Administration 304:in Venezuela. According to the 245:Drug Enforcement Administration 4901:Ospina, Daniel (17 May 2024). 3520:Business & Financial Times 2808:(in Spanish). 18 February 2018 2235:Moleiro, Alonso (2021-10-16). 2016:Moleiro, Alonso (2021-02-24). 1486: 1428: 1401: 1373: 1345: 1291: 1263: 592:Gerardo Reyes' book about Saab 223:and its Constitutional Court. 1: 4661:AP staff (October 16, 2021). 4618:(in Spanish). 16 October 2021 4131:(in Spanish). 25 January 2021 3399:US Department of the Treasury 3198:Chavkin, Sasha (2020-09-25). 3099:(in Swiss French). 2020-09-09 3073:(in Spanish). 1 December 2019 2722:Chavkin, Sasha (2018-02-09). 2383:Smith, Michael (2019-04-25). 1772:López, Carlos (17 May 2024). 1256: 850:to help Venezuela combat the 509:reporters to flee Venezuela. 268:German School of Barranquilla 4998:Fugitives wanted by Colombia 2581:Todd, Annie (29 July 2019). 1333:(in Spanish). 23 August 2017 737: 722:Meetings with U.S. officials 672:2018 foiled arrest operation 438:the country's food shortages 23:, the first or paternal 7: 4424:(in Spanish). 6 August 2021 3446:(in Spanish). 22 July 2021. 2800:"La mala leche de los CLAP" 1234: 988:In June 2021, the platform 270:, an elite private school. 10: 5039: 4373:(in Spanish). 21 July 2021 4346:(in Spanish). 21 July 2021 3550:(in Spanish). 16 June 2020 2833:. Ecuador. 7 February 2018 2679:(in Spanish). 7 April 2019 2652:(in Spanish). 31 July 2016 1279:(in Spanish). 14 June 2020 1198: 1048:, seeking to send Saab to 543: 512:On 11 September 2018, the 472:Armando.info investigation 425: 358:Saab used the services of 18: 4318:(in Spanish). 9 June 2021 3117:KfeDigital (2020-09-10). 2408:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1063:On 22 February 2021, the 1036:On 30 November 2020, the 878:Saab said in a June 2021 827: 558:) intervened in Saab and 528:specifically on the site 257: 134: 126: 114: 106: 73: 58: 47: 40: 4983:People from Barranquilla 4953:Colombian businesspeople 4678:Honolulu Star-Advertiser 4643:(in Spanish). 2021-10-16 4591:(in Spanish). 2021-10-16 4533:(in Spanish). 2021-09-14 4479:(in Spanish). 2021-09-07 4293:(in Spanish). 2021-03-17 4268:(in Spanish). 2021-03-18 4243:(in Spanish). 2021-03-18 4216:(in Spanish). 2021-05-05 4158:(in Spanish). 2021-02-22 4052:(in Spanish). 2020-12-29 3997:(in Spanish). 2020-12-15 3972:(in Spanish). 2020-12-02 3867:(in Spanish). 2021-06-10 3842:(in Spanish). 2021-06-11 3707:(in Spanish). 2020-06-14 3682:(in Spanish). 2021-02-17 3629:(in Spanish). 2020-08-10 3152:(in Spanish). 2020-09-14 2781:(in Spanish). 2018-02-18 2160:(in Spanish). 2022-02-16 2118:(in Spanish). 2021-06-19 2088:(in Spanish). 2021-02-21 1930:(in Spanish). 2021-09-07 1900:(in Spanish). 2021-03-17 1618:(in Spanish). 2020-06-13 1526:(in Spanish). 2020-09-20 1145: 4968:Corruption in Venezuela 949:On 25 August 2020, the 887:Ulisses Correia e Silva 662:Global Bank of Commerce 3865:Cazadores de Fake News 3260:(in Spanish). Colombia 1251:Operation Money Badger 1224:subject to the pardon. 1186: 1119:On 14 September 2021, 1101: 1085:On 6 August 2021, the 990:Cazadores de Fake News 939: 564:United States Treasury 386:, the world's largest 380:Petroleos de Venezuela 279:CADIVI currency system 207:During a fuel stop at 4909:(in European Spanish) 3240:La denuncia de García 2987:. Reuters. 2019-12-03 1184: 1099: 967:Saab's extradition". 933: 742:On 25 July 2019, the 711:On 25 July 2019, the 596:Colombian journalist 16:Colombian businessman 4783:. February 16, 2022. 4422:www.vozdeamerica.com 2943:. 12 September 2018. 2922:. 11 September 2018. 2901:. 11 September 2018. 1246:Narcosobrinos affair 857:The US deployed the 775:United Arab Emirates 166:leaks including the 152:Alex Nain Saab Morán 78:Alex Nain Saab Morán 2191:. October 17, 2021. 1675:. 20 September 2020 970:As a response to a 847:Interpol red notice 652:, published by the 648:from Colombia. The 576:Swiss investigation 374:, headquartered in 349:Antigua and Barbuda 213:Interpol red notice 4506:. 7 September 2021 4451:. 2 September 2021 3574:The New York Times 3045:on 5 December 2019 2880:. 7 February 2018. 2704:. 24 August 2017. 1648:. 23 August 2017. 1574:Caracas Chronicles 1303:The Daily Observer 1187: 1102: 1077:In June 2021, the 940: 868:The New York Times 501:and only 1/41 the 351:'s prime minister 326:Juan Manuel Santos 235:series about him. 202:illicit enrichment 3944:. August 28, 2020 3493:www.bloomberg.com 2899:Noticiero Digital 2878:El Mundo (Espana) 1703:. 26 August 2017. 1701:La Razon (España) 1205:prisoner exchange 852:COVID-19 pandemic 819:In July 2021 the 785:, which includes 747:imposed sanctions 614:Editorial Planeta 552:National Assembly 546:Operación Alacrán 540:Operación Alacrán 458:Luisa Ortega Díaz 318:Tareck El Aissami 281:. According to a 252:prisoner exchange 241:negotiation talks 149: 148: 88:December 21, 1971 5030: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4800:Associated Press 4791: 4785: 4784: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4759: 4744: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4675: 4673: 4667:Associated Press 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4579: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4555: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4467: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4398:. 10 August 2021 4396:Sahara Reporters 4388: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4370:Voice of America 4361: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4343:Voice of America 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4298: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4128:Voice of America 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4101:Associated Press 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4002: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3932: 3923: 3922: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3654:. 12 August 2021 3652:Sahara Reporters 3644: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3555: 3547:Voice of America 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3484: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3282: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2941:Venezuela al Dia 2933: 2924: 2923: 2912: 2903: 2902: 2891: 2882: 2881: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2786: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2734: 2719: 2710: 2709: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2684: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2640: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2612: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2578: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2518: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2487: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2466:. 24 August 2017 2456: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2425: 2414: 2413: 2407: 2399: 2397: 2396: 2380: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2320: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2284: 2267: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2232: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2202: 2193: 2192: 2181: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2157:Associated Press 2148: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2106: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2076: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2044: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2013: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1948: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1935: 1918: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1905: 1888: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1857: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1844: 1829: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1814: 1799: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1769: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1740: 1734: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1714: 1705: 1704: 1693: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1663: 1654: 1653: 1638: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1623: 1608: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1581: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1505: 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Rivkin 1148: 1121:Jorge Rodríguez 1023:Baltasar Garzón 1019: 963:Financial Times 912: 902: 863:USS San Jacinto 835: 830: 740: 724: 705: 674: 634: 629: 616: 594: 578: 548: 542: 520: 474: 430: 424: 360:Mossack Fonseca 302:Housing Mission 260: 183:Housing Mission 119: 102: 92: 89: 83: 81: 80: 79: 69: 48: 43: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5036: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5003:Pandora Papers 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4936: 4935: 4927: 4926:External links 4924: 4921: 4920: 4893: 4865: 4840: 4813: 4786: 4768: 4736: 4708: 4683: 4653: 4628: 4601: 4574: 4560:. 2021-09-14. 4543: 4516: 4489: 4462: 4434: 4409: 4383: 4356: 4329: 4303: 4278: 4253: 4226: 4199: 4185:(in Spanish). 4168: 4141: 4114: 4087: 4062: 4035: 4007: 3982: 3955: 3924: 3906: 3892:. 2021-10-18. 3877: 3852: 3825: 3815:. 9 April 2021 3798: 3771: 3745: 3717: 3692: 3665: 3639: 3612: 3586: 3560: 3533: 3505: 3476: 3449: 3431: 3420:. 26 July 2019 3405: 3385: 3360: 3331: 3305: 3294:. 25 July 2019 3274: 3244: 3215: 3190: 3162: 3135: 3109: 3084: 3056: 3024: 2997: 2972: 2946: 2925: 2904: 2883: 2865: 2844: 2818: 2791: 2764: 2739: 2711: 2689: 2662: 2632: 2598: 2566: 2555:. 17 July 2023 2538: 2508: 2477: 2446: 2415: 2356: 2345:. 14 June 2020 2328: 2289: 2255: 2222: 2194: 2173: 2128: 2098: 2066: 2053:Deutsche Welle 2036: 2001: 1975: 1940: 1910: 1880: 1849: 1839:. 14 June 2020 1819: 1791: 1761: 1735: 1706: 1685: 1655: 1628: 1616:BBC News Mundo 1586: 1562: 1536: 1524:BBC News Mundo 1511: 1500:. Sep 20, 2020 1485: 1456: 1427: 1400: 1372: 1344: 1316: 1290: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1200: 1197: 1147: 1144: 1018: 1015: 901: 898: 873:Elliott Abrams 834: 833:2020 detention 831: 829: 826: 821:United Kingdom 791:Steven Mnuchin 787:Nicolas Maduro 739: 736: 723: 720: 704: 701: 673: 670: 633: 630: 628: 625: 604:recipient and 602:Pulitzer Prize 593: 590: 577: 574: 560:Carlos Lizcano 544:Main article: 541: 538: 473: 470: 462:Nicolás Maduro 446:Nicolás Maduro 426:Main article: 423: 420: 334:Nicolás Maduro 259: 256: 191:Nicolás Maduro 185:in Venezuela. 172:Pandora Papers 147: 146: 144:Nicolás Maduro 136: 135:Known for 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 93: 77: 75: 71: 70: 64: 56: 55: 45: 44: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5035: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4973:Living people 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 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