968:
Crisis (1878–1881). Another view is that
Albanian nationalism's roots "sprouted" in the reforms of the first decades of the 19th century but Albanian nationalism emerged properly in the 1830s and 1840s as a romantic movement for societal reform that was initially mainly driven by Albanians publishing from a broad, and it transformed into an overt political national movement in the 1870s. According to the view that the Rilindja evolved in the 1870s, because of religious ties of the Albanian majority of the population with the ruling Ottomans and the lack of an Albanian state in past, nationalism was less developed and the national movement was greatly delayed among Albanians in the 19th century compared to neighbouring southeast European nations, such as the Greeks, Serbs, Bulgarians and Romanians. The Rilindja was a continuation of the Albanian revolts and cultural activities for independence that took place during the entire Ottoman period. The centralist Tanzimat reforms, which were aimed at replacing local Albanian functionaries and suppression of Albanian culture sowed the seeds of the Rilindja. In that period an intellectual and merchant class with the new ideas that were emerging in Europe was shaped, empowering the existing struggle against the Ottoman rule. Political nationalism and economic liberalism were two modern platforms that inspired many Albanian intellectuals.
1846:
1420:
1407:
1183:
830:
implemented in
Albania since the 1830s. They gave a blow to the ranks of the old military feudal class which had been weakened from Ottoman expeditions from 1822 to 1831. Parts of the feudal heads that had launched revolts were eliminated, others were exiled and those who could, had escaped from the country. All their properties were declared state-owned. This gave rise to new landowners who had connections to the Sublime Porte. Due to the Ottoman occupation, the ideology of Nationalism developed difficultly and were limited in Albanian-inhabited territories in the Balkan. They found more favorable development conditions outside, in the capital of the Empire,
1273:. Albanians loyal to the empire supported the Sublime Porte's military intervention. In April 1881, Dervish Pasha's 10,000 men captured Prizren and later crushed the resistance at Ulcinj. The League of Prizren's leaders and their families were arrested and deported. Frashëri, who originally received a death sentence, was imprisoned until 1885 and exiled until his death seven years later. In the three years it survived, the League of Prizren effectively made the Great Powers aware of the Albanian people and their national interests. Montenegro and
1997:
842:, but they still did not reach a period to be formulated in full policy of the National Movement. They were more expressed with literary works and studies of the Albanian people, history, language and culture. In their writings, the Rilindas fought to invoke feelings of love for the country by exalting patriotic traditions and episodes of history, especially that of the Skanderbeg era and folk culture; They devoted a lot of attention to native language and Albanian schools as a means to affirm individuality and national vindication.
1382:
closed down schools and publications. Montenegro held ambitions of future expansion into neighbouring
Albanian-populated lands and supported a 1911 uprising by the mountain tribes against the Young Turks regime that grew into a widespread revolt. Unable to control the Albanians by force, the Ottoman government granted concessions on schools, military recruitment, and taxation and sanctioned the use of the Latin script for the Albanian language. The government refused, however, to unite the four Albanian-inhabited vilayets.
65:
2079:
1890:
7097:
6361:
2097:
5920:
2009:
textbooks and spread of
Albanian schools was drafted. However this plan was not realized, because the Ottoman Government wouldn't finance the expenses for the establishment of such schools. Although this commission had gathered and delivered an alphabet in 1870, the writers from the North still used the Latin-based alphabet, whereas in Southern Albania writers used mostly the Greek letters. The turning point was the aftermath of the League of Prizren (1878) events when in 1879
1985:, Italy, Romania, and the United States supported the society's work. The Greeks, who dominated the education of Orthodox Albanians, joined the Turks in suppressing the Albanians' culture, especially Albanian-language education. In 1886 the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople threatened to excommunicate anyone found reading or writing Albanian, and priests taught that God would not understand prayers uttered in Albanian. In 1844-5 however, Albanian intellectual
1756:
6940:
6519:
6433:
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7395:
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for war. Others were sent to neighbouring provinces to secure their presence by pointing out they are "brothers." To get ahead of the danger Of the new outbreak of popular hate, at the beginning of 1844, the
Ottoman authorities urged urgent action. They concentrated large military forces at various points, especially in Bitola where the state was worse. By the end of March 1844, the new uprising erupted but was suppressed.
1250:, in fact, armed the Albanians and allowed them to levy taxes, and when the Ottoman army withdrew from areas awarded to Montenegro under the Treaty of Berlin, Roman Catholic Albanian tribesmen simply took control. The Albanians' successful resistance to the treaty forced the Great Powers to alter the border, returning Gusinje and Plav to the Ottoman Empire and granting Montenegro the Albanian-populated coastal town of
1937:
1948:
1862:, the ambassadors' conference initially decided to create an autonomous Albania under continued Ottoman rule, but with the protection of the Great Powers. This solution, as detailed in the Treaty of London, was abandoned in the summer of 1913 when it became obvious that the Ottoman Empire would, in the Second Balkan War, lose Macedonia and hence its overland connection with the Albanian-inhabited lands.
1289:, and Arabic scripts, implied different political and religious orientations opposed by one or another element of the population. In 1878 there were no Albanian-language schools in the most developed of the Albanian-inhabited areas and the choice for education was between Orthodox Church schools, where education was in Greek and Ottoman government schools where education was in Turkish.
3583:, "Flag, Albanian", p. 140: "The eagle was a common heraldic symbol for many Albanian dynasties in the Late Middle Ages and came to be a symbol of the Albanians in general. It is also said to have been the flag of Skanderbeg.... As a symbol of modern Albania, the flag began to be seen during the years of the national awakening and was in common use during the uprisings of 1909–1912."
1831:
5690:
Orthodox and three
Catholics), it was decided that only two of the existing alphabets should remain in use—the Stamboul alphabet and the Bashkimi alphabet. In addition, some changes were made in both alphabets in order to reduce the differences between them. In the following years and after the creation of the Albanian state, the Bashkimi alphabet became the only one still in use.
1537:
1167:. The League of Prizren was set under the direction of a central committee that had the power to impose taxes and raise an army. The League of Prizren worked to gain autonomy for the Albanians and to thwart implementation of the Treaty of San Stefano, but not to create an independent Albania. The participants wanted to return to the status quo before the start of
1628:
1993:(English: The short Albanian Evëtor) which was an alphabet that included thirty three letters which were invented by himself. He avoided the use of Latin, Greek or Arabic alphabets and characters because of their religious associations and divisions. In November 1869, a Commission for the Alphabet of the Albanian Language was gathered in Istanbul.
4106:, p. 167. "Negovani’s actions caused institutional responses that ultimately intensified the contradictions facing the church and its imperial patron. In the end, Papa Kristo Negovani was murdered for his acts of defiance of the explicit orders of Karavangjelis, the Metropolitan of Kastoria, who condemned the use of Toskërisht during mass.
1179:. Other representatives, under Frashëri's leadership, focused on working toward Albanian autonomy and creating a sense of Albanian identity that would cut across religious and tribal lines. Because conservative Muslims constituted a majority of the representatives, the League of Prizren supported maintenance of Ottoman suzerainty.
771:), and Arslan Bey, along with other less powerful beys, began to prepare their forces to resist a probable Ottoman attack. Realising the seriousness of the situation and the danger of a general uprising, Reşid Mehmed Pasha invited the Albanian beys to a meeting on the pretext that they would be rewarded for their loyalty to the
4048:, p. 91. "In one case, a guerilla band executed Father Kristo Negovani (1875-1905) on 12 February 1905, two days after he had performed a church service in Albanian. To avenge his death, a guerilla leader named Bajo Topulli (1868-1930) waylaid and murdered Phiotos, the bishop of Görice, in September 1906.
5689:
At the initiative of the
Bashkimi literary society, fifty Albanian intellectuals from across the country and the colonies abroad gathered in Manastir/Bitola at the November 1908 "Congress of the Alphabet." After long debates and the appointment smaller commission of eleven members (four Muslims, four
2425:
Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000). "Albanian
Identities". Sofia: International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Page 24: "It is assumed that the beginning of the Albanian Revival was set by Naum Veqilharxhi's activity and his address to the Orthodox Albanians, which, along with his
1366:
agreed to demands by the Young Turks to restore constitutional rule. Many
Albanians participated in the Young Turks uprising, hoping that it would gain their people autonomy within the empire. The Young Turks lifted the Ottoman ban on Albanian-language schools and on writing the Albanian language. As
1325:
in 1902, and banned
Albanian-language books and correspondence. In Macedonia, where Bulgarian-, Greek-, and Serbian-backed guerrillas were fighting Ottoman authorities and one another for control, Muslim Albanians suffered attacks, and Albanian guerrilla groups retaliated. Albanian leaders meeting in
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in 1844, or to the collapse of the League of Prizren during the Eastern Crisis in 1881. Various compromise positions between these three theses have also emerged, such as one view positing that Albanian nationalism had foundations that dated earlier but "consolidated" as a movement during the Eastern
845:
The centralising reforms of the Ottoman government were implemented immediately with the deployment of civil and military personnel in Albania. This was met with resistance by the local population which first began with the refusal to execute orders and quickly transformed into armed rebellion. After
757:
After the fall of the Yanina Pashalik, the power and influence of the Albanian beys had faded. The remaining beys thus attempted to restore their rule. An assembly was held in Berat in 1828. In this Convention, the leaders were Zylyftar Poda and Shahin bej Delvina. The Ottoman Empire tried to prevent
621:
in 1844, or to the collapse of the League of Prizren during the Eastern Crisis in 1881. Various compromise positions between these three theses have also emerged, such as one view positing that Albanian nationalism had foundations that dated earlier but "consolidated" as a movement during the Eastern
1381:
The Albanians refused to submit to the Young Turks' campaign to "Ottomanise" them by force. New Albanian uprisings began in Kosovo and the northern mountains in early April 1910. Ottoman forces quashed these rebellions after three months, outlawed Albanian organizations, disarmed entire regions, and
1245:
In August 1878, the Congress of Berlin ordered a commission to trace a border between the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro. The congress also directed Greece and the Ottoman Empire to negotiate a solution to their border dispute. The Great Powers expected the Ottomans to ensure that the Albanians would
870:
area in larger scales than before. The actions of the Ottoman army were driven by terror and increased unhappiness in the local population, who were aptly anticipated to revolt again. Fugitive agitators circulated across the provinces to organise further rebellions, calling on the people to prepare
1462:
to the Ottomans After fierce fighting, the rebels retreated to Drenica and the Ottomans seized control of Prizren, Gjakova and Peja Afterwards Ottoman forces incurred into Northern Albania and Macedonia. Ottoman forces were stopped for more than 20 days in the Agri Pass, from the Albanian forces of
1461:
and sent a military expedition of 16,000 men led by Shefket Turgut Pasha. Simultaneously, forces under Idriz Seferi captured the Kaçanik pass. They successfully defended the pass from the Ottoman expeditionary force thus, forcing them to send a force of 40,000 men. After two weeks the pass was lost
987:
and the growing Greek nationalist ambitions fueled reaction among the Albanian intellectual elite. The son of one merchant family, Naum Veqilharxhi, started his work to write an alphabet intended to help Albanians overcome religious and political issues in 1824 or 1825. Veqilharxhi thought that the
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Volume 2 of History of the Balkans, Barbara Jelavich History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century, Barbara Jelavich Volume 12 of Publication series, Joint Committee on Eastern Europe Cambridge paperback library Author Barbara Jelavich Edition illustrated, reprint Publisher Cambridge University Press,
2186:
as a way to express their ideas. It was imbued with the spirit of national liberation, with the nostalgia of the émigré and the rhetorical pathos of past heroic wars. This literary school developed the poetry most. Regarding the motifs and poetical forms, its hero was the ethical man, the fighting
1367:
a consequence, Albanian intellectuals meeting in Bitola in 1908 chose the Latin alphabet as a standard script. The Young Turks, however, were set on maintaining the empire and not interested in making concessions to the myriad nationalist groups within its borders. After securing the abdication of
1357:
In 1906 opposition groups in the Ottoman Empire emerged, one of which evolved into the Committee of Union and Progress, more commonly known as the Young Turks, which proposed restoring constitutional government in Constantinople, by revolution if necessary. In July 1908, a month after a Young Turk
1312:
resorted to repression to maintain order. The authorities strove without success to control the political situation in the empire's Albanian-populated lands, arresting suspected nationalist activists. When the sultan refused Albanian demands for unification of the four Albanian-populated vilayets,
1521:
death) and established the provisional government. Shefqet Turgut Pasha wanted to meet this threat and returned to the region with 8.000 soldiers. As soon as he reached Shkodër on 11 May, he issued a general proclamation which declared martial law and offered an amnesty for all rebels (except for
1174:
At first the Ottoman authorities supported the League of Prizren, but the Sublime Porte pressed the delegates to declare themselves to be first and foremost Ottomans rather than Albanians. Some delegates supported this position and advocated emphasizing Muslim solidarity and the defense of Muslim
625:
Another view is that Albanian nationalism's roots "sprouted" in the reforms of the first decades of the 19th century, and that Albanian nationalism emerged properly in the 1830s and 1840s, when it was a romantic movement for societal reform that was initially mainly driven by Albanians publishing
1280:
Formidable barriers frustrated Albanian leaders' efforts to instill in their people an Albanian rather than an Ottoman identity. Divided into four vilayets, Albanians had no common geographical or political nerve centre. The Albanians' religious differences forced nationalist leaders to give the
2775:
Naum Veqilharxhi is considered the avant-garde and first ideologue of the National Awakening, because his work results in one of the first attempts for an original Albanian alphabet (1844 and 1845), as well as contains an embryo form of the ideas which would develop later on during the National
2378:
Naum Veqilharxhi is considered the avant-garde and first ideologue of the National Awakening, because his work results in one of the first attempts for an original Albanian alphabet (1844 and 1845), as well as contains an embryo form of the ideas which would develop later on during the National
1869:
established that independent Albania was a country with borders that gave the new state about 28,000 square kilometres of territory and a population of 800,000. Montenegro had to surrender Scutari after having lost 10,000 men in the process of taking the town. Serbia reluctantly succumbed to an
829:
By removing the Timar system, the Sublime Porte intended to strengthen its central government and reclaim the power of the Empire which had been severely weakened due to economic and social backwardness, from the exploitative system and from the ongoing uprisings of peoples. Reforms began to be
4714:
Por n'atë kohë u muarën vesh propozimet e reja që po iu bënte qeveria turke malësorëvet të Mbishkodrës t'arratisur në Podgoricë...Premtimet ishin pak më të gjera nga ato që iu qenë bërë malësorëvet të Mbishkodrës, sepse parashikohej një falje e përgjithshme, hapja e shkollave shqipe me ndihmën
4364:
History of the Balkans: Twentieth century Volume 2 of History of the Balkans, Barbara Jelavich History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century, Barbara Jelavich Volume 12 of Publication series, Joint Committee on Eastern Europe Cambridge paperback library Author Barbara Jelavich Edition illustrated,
2008:
One of its members was Kostandin Kristoforidhi and the main purpose of the Commission was the creation of a unique alphabet for all the Albanians. In January 1870 the Commission ended its work of the standardization of the alphabet, which was mainly in Latin letters. A plan on the creation of
874:
In the ensuing years there were bursts of armed insurrections throughout Albania against the Ottoman centralising reforms, and especially against the burden of the new taxes imposed and against the obligatory military service. But, at the same time and within the bosom of these insurrections,
608:
for almost five centuries and the Ottoman authorities suppressed any expression of national unity or institutional national conscience by the Albanian people. There is some debate among experts regarding when the Albanian nationalist movement should be considered to have started. Some sources
1857:
One of Serbia's primary war aims was to gain an Adriatic port, preferably Durrës. Austria-Hungary and Italy opposed giving Serbia an outlet to the Adriatic, which they feared would become a Russian port. They instead supported the creation of an autonomous Albania. Russia backed Serbia's and
4813:... ustanici su uspeli da ... ovladaju celim kosovskim vilajetom do polovine avgusta 1912, što znači da su tada imali u svojim rukama Prištinu, Novi Pazar, Sjenicu pa čak i Skoplje... U srednjoj i južnoj Albaniji ustanici su držali Permet, Leskoviku, Konicu, Elbasan, a u Makedoniji Debar...
1724:
agreed to fulfill the rebels' demands, except of the last one, on September 4, 1912. The autonomous system of administration and justice of the four vilayets with a substantial Albanian population was accepted by the Ottoman Empire, however they avoided granting autonomy to a unitary
3315:
The southern branch of the League was formed at Gjinokastër (Argyrokastro), where Albanian leaders held a meeting at which the districts of Janina, Gjinokastër, Delvina, Përmet, Berat, Vlora (Valona), Filat, Margariti, Ajdonat, Parga, Preveza, Arta, Tepelena, Kolonja, and Korca were
2179:, with minor changes, and a modified version of the Bashkimi alphabet. Usage of the alphabet of Istanbul declined rapidly and it was essentially extinct over the following decades. The Bashkimi alphabet is at the origin of the official alphabet of the Albanian language in use today.
2426:
primer published in 1845, was the first programme document of the Albanian national movement. In it Veqilharxhi demanded Albanian schools and development of the Albanian language as a first step to the evolution of the Albanian people side by side with the other Balkan nations"
1378:, or beating with a stick, even for misdemeanors, banned carrying rifles, and denied the existence of an Albanian nationality. The new government also appealed for Islamic solidarity to break the Albanians' unity and used the Muslim clergy to try to impose the Arabic alphabet.
4715:
financiare të shtetit dhe mësimi i shqipes në shkollat turqishte. Taksat do të caktohëshin sipas gjendjes së popullit, shërbimi ushtarak do të kryhej në vilajetet shqiptare, nëpunësit e administratës duhej të dinin gjuhën dhe zakonet e vendit, armët mund të mbahëshin me lejë.
1870:
ultimatum from Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy to withdraw from northern Albania. The treaty, however, left large areas with majority Albanian populations, notably Kosovo and western Macedonia, outside the new state and failed to solve the region's nationality problems.
2297:
1794:
In Vlora, on the 15th/28th of November. That time the President was Ismail Kemal Bey, in which he spoke of the great perils facing Albania today, the delegates have all decided unanimously that Albania, as of today, should be on her own, free and independent.
5539:"Among the first published was the Primer of the Albanian language. Within a few years, grammar, geography, history readers, natural sciences, agriculture, and other books authored by Sami and Naim Frashëri, and by Jani Vreto were published by the Society."
1281:
national movement a purely secular character that alienated religious leaders. The most significant factor uniting the Albanians, their spoken language, lacked a standard literary form and even a standard alphabet. Each of the three available choices, the
2033:
was opened on the initiative of individual teachers and other intellectuals on 7 March 1887 in Korce. Diamanti Tërpo, a citizen of the city, offered her house to serve as a school building. The first director and teacher of the school was Pandeli Sotiri.
1609:, the opening of Albanian language schools, and the restriction that military service was to be performed only in the territory of the vilayets with substantial Albanian population. Other demands included requiring administrative officers to learn the
1214:, which Albanian leaders considered Albanian territory. Serbia also gained some Albanian-inhabited lands. The Albanians, the vast majority loyal to the empire, vehemently opposed the territorial losses. Albanians also feared the possible occupation of
5786:"Le meurtre du prêtre: Acte fondateur de la mobilisation nationaliste albanaise à l'aube de la révolution Jeune Turque [The murder of the priest: Founding act of the Albanian nationalist mobilisation on the eve of the Young Turks revolution]"
1819:) with an advisory role to the government, consisting of 18 members of the Assembly. An ambassadorial conference that opened in London in December decided the major questions concerning the Albanians after the First Balkan War in its concluding
1522:
Malësor chieftains) if they immediately return to their homes. After Ottoman troops entered the area Tocci fled the empire abandoning his activities. After months of intense fighting, the rebels were trapped and decided to escape to Montenegro.
988:
continuous occupations had caused many problems to Albanian education. His work facilitated the diffusion of national awareness based on the unity of kin, identity of language and traditions. Some Albanian patriots, among them many from the
762:
sent an expeditionary force under the command of Reşid Mehmed Pasha to suppress the local Albanian beys. On hearing the news of the Ottoman forces' arrival, the three most powerful local chiefs, Zylyftar Poda, accompanied by the remains of
1071:. The delegates declared the formation of the League of Prizren which consisted of two branches: the Prizren branch and the southern branch. The Prizren branch was led by Iljas Dibra and it had representatives from the areas of Kirçova (
1371:
in April 1909, the new authorities levied taxes, outlawed guerrilla groups and nationalist societies, and attempted to extend Constantinople's control over the northern Albanian mountain men. In addition, the Young Turks legalized the
4094:. para. 7. "Negovani... Au début de l'année 1905, avec son frère lui aussi pope et trois autres villageois, il est victime d'une bande grecque et devient le premier « martyr » de la cause nationale albanaise"; para. 8, 26.
4769:
In December 1911, a group of Albanian members of the Ottoman parliament, guided by Ismail Qemal, started a parliamentary debate in order to make Constantinople grant the Albanians national rights in the cultural and administrative
1254:. There the Albanians refused to surrender as well. Finally, the Great Powers blockaded Ulcinj by sea and pressured the Ottoman authorities to bring the Albanians under control. The Great Powers decided in 1881 to cede Greece only
1650:
and lasted from January until August 1912. Albanian soldiers and officers deserted the Ottoman military service and joined the insurgents. After a series of successes, Albanian revolutionaries managed to capture the city of
1059:-organized a secret committee to direct the Albanians' resistance. In May the group called for a general meeting of representatives from all the Albanian-populated lands. On June 10, 1878, about eighty delegates, mostly
2306:
992:
communities in Italy, built contacts with Italian democratic and revolutionary forces. This helped the Rilindja movement to expand beyond the frame of Albanian-Ottoman relations, and become an international issue. The
1171:. The main aim was to defend from immediate dangers. Among other things the League requested an official status for the Albanian language in the Albanian-inhabited territories and the foundation of Albanian schools.
3392:
This organization appealed for the administrative unification of the Albanian vilayets into a single province, the introduction of Albanian as an official language in Albanian regions and the foundation of Albanian
1313:
Albanian leaders reorganized the League of Prizren and incited uprisings that brought the Albanian-populated lands, especially Kosovo, to near anarchy. The imperial authorities disbanded a successor organisation
1771:, however, erupted before a final settlement could be worked out. The Balkan allies—Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece—quickly drove the Ottomans to the walls of Constantinople. The Montenegrins surrounded
4079:"The nationalist cause was given impetus in 1905 when the Albanian priest and poet, Papa Kristo Negovani, was killed by Greek chauvinists after he had introduced the Albanian language into Orthodox liturgy."
4893:
ustanici su uspeli da slomiju otpor turske armije, da ovladaju celim kosovskim vilajetom do polovine avgusta 1912, što znači da su tada imali u svojim rukama Prištinu, Novi Pazar, Sjenicu pa čak i Skoplje
950:
There is some debate among experts regarding when the Albanian nationalist movement should be considered to have started. Some sources attribute its origins to the revolts against centralization in the
5804:
Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: La naissance d'une nation majoritairement musulmane en Europe [The origins of Albanian nationalism: The birth of a predominantly Muslim nation in Europe]
5802:
2279:
or the publication of first the Albanian alphabet in 1844 as a symbolic date, until the collapse of the League of Prizren (1881) or the publication of Sami Frashëri's nationalist manifest in 1899
1865:
In July 1913, the Great Powers opted to recognise an independent, neutral Albanian state ruled by a constitutional monarchy and under the protection of the Great Powers. The August 1913
1047:
triggered profound anxiety among the Albanians meanwhile, and it spurred their leaders to organize a defense of the lands they inhabited. In the spring of 1878, influential Albanians in
1246:
respect the new borders, ignoring that the sultan's military forces were too weak to enforce any settlement and that the Ottomans could only benefit by the Albanians' resistance. The
1577:
governor and other appointed high officials have to know Albanian language and all other positions in the administration have to be reserved only for people of Albanian ethnicity
5532:
1605:
separately, because they were not united and lacked central control. The Ottomans promised to meet most Albanian demands, limited mainly to Catholic highlanders like general
5823:
739:
2478:), took place during the 1830s and 1840s... at least in its beginnings, the Albanian national movement did not differ much from any other national movement in the region
1973:
founded a cultural and educational organization, the Society for the Printing of Albanian Writings, whose membership comprised Muslim, Catholic, and Orthodox Albanians.
1040:
a predominant position in the Balkans and thereby upset the European balance of power. A peace conference to settle the dispute was held later in the year in Berlin.
2789:
2392:
2187:
Albanian, and to a lesser degree the tragic man. Because its major purpose was to awaken national consciousness it was closely linked with the folklore tradition.
2323:
Hurst, Michael (1969). "7. The Albanian National Awakening, 1878–1912. By Stavro Skendi. Princeton and London: Princeton University Press, 1968. Pp. 498. 110s".
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and introduced the Albanian language for the first time in Orthodox liturgy. For his efforts Negovani was killed by a Greek guerilla band on orders from Bishop
6679:
1266:
5114:
Soon after this first meeting,....mainly under the influence of ... Abdyl Frashëri ... new agenda included ... the fonding of an autonomous Albanian Vilayet
975:
left a socio-economic impact on the Albanian society, with many Albanian intellectuals highlighting ideals of the Revolution and important figures such as
807:
5090:
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areas, led by Prel Tuli, Mehmet Shpendi, and Marash Delia. Unable to repress their resistance, this column took another way to Scutari, passing from the
2719:
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In the Albanian case as we will see below, we can argue that Phase A, generally speaking, covers the period from the beginning of the Reforms of
418:
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had been published in 1904. The dictionary had been drafted 25 years before its publication and was written in the Greek alphabet. In 1908, the
6567:
4494:
1327:
6557:
6562:
909:
659:
546:
7728:
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Therefore, with only final point being ignored, on September 4, 1912, the government accepted proposals and the Albanian revolt was over
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1859:
332:
7613:
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667:
601:
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17:
5039:
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A second session of the Assembly of Vlorë was held on December 4, 1912. During that session members of the assembly established the
5959:
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Montenegro's claims to Albanian-inhabited lands. Britain and Germany remained neutral. Chaired by Britain's foreign secretary, Sir
4938:
4906:
7271:
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3055:
Gjurmime në epokën e Rilindjes Kombëtare: çështje ekonomiko-shoqërore, politike e kulturore të Lëvizjes Kombëtare gjatë Rilindjes
142:
5249:
From its own members congress elected a senate (Pleqësi), composed of 18 members, which assumed advisory role to the government.
4597:
1525:
On 23 June 1911, in the village of Gerče, in Montenegro, an assembly of the tribal leaders of the revolt was held to adopt the "
6895:
3789:
1478:
region. On July 24, 1910, Ottoman forces entered the city of Scutari. During this period martial courts were put in action and
3208:
Kopeček, Michal; Ersoy, Ahmed; Gorni, Maciej; Kechriotis, Vangelis; Manchev, Boyan; Trencsenyi, Balazs; Turda, Marius (2006),
2799:
2402:
2175:. However, the Congress was unable to make a clear decision and opted for a compromise solution of using both the widely used
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Misha, Piro. "Invention of a Nationalism: Myth and Amnesia". In Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers and Bernd J. Fischer (2002),
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Faced with growing international pressure "to pacify" the refractory Albanians, the sultan dispatched a large army under
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1910:, a period characterised by a cultural, economic, political and social flourishing of Albanian consciousness within the
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took place. A large number of firearms were collected and many villages and properties were burned by the Ottoman army.
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started an uprising against the Ottomans in the Kosovo vilayet. After subduing the Ottoman garrisons in towns such as
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formed the Society for the Publication of Albanian Writings. Members of the society Sami Frashëri, Naim Frashëri and
1800:
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Albanians to perform military service only in territory of four vilayets populated with Albanians, except in time of
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2474:. Page 33: "The beginnings of the Albanian national awakening, better known as the 'Albanian National Renaissance' (
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Skendi, Stavro (1953). "Beginnings of Albanian Nationalist and Autonomous Trends: The Albanian League, 1878-1881".
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413:
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after being captured by Albanian revolutionaries in August, 1912 who defeated the Ottoman forces holding the city.
1529:". This memorandum was signed by 22 Albanian chieftains, four from each tribe of Hoti, Grudë and Skrel, five from
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The Albanians once more raise against Ottoman Empire in May 1912 and took Macedonian capitol of Skopje by August
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An Albanian uprising in Kosovo for independent schools in May 1912 led to capture of Skopje by rebels in August
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The Modernization of Public Education in the Ottoman Empire, 1839-1908: Islamization, Autocracy, and Discipline
2029:, natural sciences and so on. After a long time struggling with obstacles coming from the Ottoman authorities,
1746:
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693:
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2245:"The Curious Case of Albanian Nationalism: the Crooked Line from a Scattered Array of Clans to a Nation-State"
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from abroad; it transformed into an overt political national movement in the 1870s. On 20 December 1912, the
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attribute its origins to the revolts against centralisation in the 1830s, others to the publication of the
522:
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1977:, the most-renowned Albanian poet, joined the society and wrote and edited textbooks. Albanian émigrés in
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received much less Albanian-populated territory than they would have won without the league's resistance.
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585:, is a period throughout the 19th and 20th century of a cultural, political, and social movement in the
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religious leaders, clan chiefs, and other influential people from the four Albanian-populated Ottoman
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6393:
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2707:(in Albanian). Albania: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë. p. 117.
2690:(in Albanian). Albania: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë. p. 116.
2438:
Pahumi, Nevila. "The Consolidation of Albanian Nationalism: The League of Prizren 1878-1881". Page 7.
1866:
1199:
879:, which assumed great proportions in two zones of Southern Albania: in the Gjirokastra region led by
698:
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gathered strength to establish an independent cultural and political life, as well as the country of
348:
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to surrender (1831). The Albanian defeat ended a planned alliance between the Albanian beys and the
7842:
7649:
6968:
6398:
6285:
6144:
5210:... a provisional government, consisting of ten members and led by Vlora, was formed on 4 December.
2182:
A major role during the Albanian National Awakening was played by literature, which served to many
838:, other Balkan countries etc. The national ideas became apparent via popular uprisings against the
438:
433:
248:
7281:
5769:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press (The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group Incorporated).
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Albania – A country in transition: Aspects of changing identities in a south-east European country
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4122:. Vol. 2: Twentieth Century (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
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Researches in the highlands of Turkey; including visits to mounts Ida, Athos, Olympus, and Pelion
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signed on March 3, 1878, assigned Albanian-populated lands to Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria.
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Assertion of unitary, independent national states in Central and Southeast Europe (1821-1923)
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989:
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505:
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5046:. Vol. 2. United Kingdom: The Press Syndicate of University of Cambridge. p. 293.
5007:. Vol. 2. United Kingdom: The Press Syndicate of University of Cambridge. p. 293.
2724:(in Albanian). Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë. p. 127.
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The Memorandum was submitted to the representatives of Great Powers in Cetinje, Montenegro.
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Historia e qytetërimit shqiptar: nga kohet e lashta deri ne fund të Luftës së Dytë Botërore
2201:
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2001:
1966:
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autonomous system of administration and justice of four vilayets populated with Albanians (
1485:
In 1911, the Albanian National Committee was formed. In a meeting of the committee held in
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31:
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7394:
5453:
National Development in Romania and Southeastern Europe: Papers in Honor of Cornelia Bodea
1779:
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On August 9, 1912, Albanian rebels presented a new list of demands (the so-called list of
8:
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Entangled Histories of the Balkans: Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies
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Akte të rilindjes kombëtare shqiptare 1878-1912 (Memorandume, vendime, protesta, thirrje)
1931:
1787:
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preliminary national claims started to spread. These claims came forth especially in the
779:
368:
316:
2656:. Albania: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë. p. 110.
1202:
ignored the league's memorandum. The congress ceded to Montenegro the cities of Bar and
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4755:. International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Archived from
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employing officials who know local language and customs, but not necessarily Albanians,
1565:
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1359:
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1334:
who had attained Albanian national sentiments abroad returned to his native village of
1305:
1191:
984:
713:
500:
225:
53:
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1996:
1401:
1198:, demanding that all Albanians be united in a single autonomous Ottoman province. The
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Nihil obstat: religion, politics, and social change in East-Central Europe and Russia
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1958:
1954:
1927:
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1808:
1730:
1698:
1610:
1581:
1571:
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1084:
972:
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263:
195:
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Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume I: Albania and King Zog, 1908-39
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the rise of local beys, which presented a menace to centralised power. In 1830, the
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Politika Ballkanike e Rusisë dhe çështja shqiptare: nga origjina deri në ditët tona
2756:
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2048:
1986:
1965:
Albanian intellectuals in the nineteenth century began devising a single, standard
1951:
1907:
1837:
and his cabinet during the celebration of the first anniversary of independence in
1768:
1726:
1694:
1675:
1667:
1530:
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escalated into widespread insurrection and mutiny within the imperial army, Sultan
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293:
215:
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3214:, vol. 1, Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, p. 348,
2014:
2010:
1974:
1970:
1915:
1899:
7892:
7579:
7418:
7365:
7148:
7005:
6114:
6007:
5883:
Sette, Alessandro. "L'Albania nella strategia diplomatica italiana (1871-1915)",
5764:
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4677:
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3053:
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2132:
1602:
1510:
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927:
814:
795:
590:
205:
200:
2744:. Tirana, Albania: Ndërmarrja shtetërore e botimeve "Naim Frashëri". p. 16.
1242:. A border tribesman at the time described the frontier as "floating on blood."
851:
7798:
7794:
6748:
6174:
5582:
Rreth alfabetit të shqipes: me rastin e 100-vjetorit të Kongresit të Manastirit
2964:
Rreth alfabetit të shqipes: me rastin e 100-vjetorit të Kongresit të Manastirit
2160:
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1911:
1824:
1656:
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1598:
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Ottoman representatives managed to deal with the leaders of Albanian rebels in
1498:
1438:
1368:
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1301:
1048:
1005:. The Albanians' fear that the lands they inhabited would be partitioned among
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268:
220:
210:
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2336:
2261:
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1136:
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5552:
Pilgrimage, Politics and Place-Making in Eastern Europe: Crossing the Borders
5092:
Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945)
4480:
3211:
Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945)
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1834:
1804:
1721:
1713:
1463:
1374:
1247:
880:
791:
772:
759:
510:
7789:
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The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913
5411:
Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World
3361:
The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913
2152:
1889:
1690:
establishment of new licees and agricultural schools in the bigger districts
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7403:
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5734:
5040:"Clearing the Decks: Ending the Tripolitanian War and the Albanian Revolt"
5001:"Clearing the Decks: Ending the Tripolitanian War and the Albanian Revolt"
2078:
1969:
and making demands that it be used in schools. In Constantinople in 1879,
2892:
Bittersweet Europe: Albanian and Georgian Discourses on Europe, 1878-2008
1755:
1458:
1160:
7355:
7286:
6027:
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2018:
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until his resignation on 22 January 1914. The Assembly established the
1540:
1518:
1435:
1358:
rebellion in Macedonia supported by an Albanian uprising in Kosovo and
1346:
that aroused a nationalist response with the Albanian guerilla band of
1322:
1292:
1270:
1218:
by Greece. The League of Prizren organized armed resistance efforts in
1144:
1120:
1006:
7829:
5785:
4398:
From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide
1772:
1502:
1227:
1190:
In July 1878, the league sent a memorandum to the Great Powers at the
1164:
1116:
7131:
6250:
6047:
6022:
5989:
5230:. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Vittorio Klosterman GmbH. p. 185.
5224:"The Albanian legal and constitutional system between the World Wars"
5191:. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Vittorio Klosterman GmbH. p. 185.
5185:"The Albanian legal and constitutional system between the World Wars"
5095:, vol. 2, Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press,
3706:
Edition 2, illustrated Publisher C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000
2622:
2060:
1643:
1559:
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1203:
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89:
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1729:
which was part of the Albanian National Awakening agenda during the
1471:
1140:
7375:
7360:
6590:
6042:
6037:
6017:
6012:
5937:
5745:
Reinstating the Ottomans, Alternative Balkan Modernities: 1800–1912
4599:
The Falcon and the Eagle: Montenegro and Austria-Hungary, 1908-1914
1978:
1450:
1343:
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1255:
1239:
1148:
1108:
1088:
1080:
1014:
976:
918:
867:
831:
799:
5169:. Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave të RPS të Shqipërisë. p. 261.
4523:
2042:
1838:
1783:
1156:
997:
actually served as an inspiration for the movement. The 1877–1878
7862:
7350:
7241:
6360:
6032:
6002:
5997:
5968:
5926:
5548:
5537:. Vol. 12. Canadian and International Education. p. 16.
1947:
1936:
1918:, the most renowned representatives of the Albanian Renaissance.
1850:
1606:
1590:
all Albanian property damaged by Ottoman troops to be compensated
1552:
1454:
1427:
1235:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1068:
1064:
783:
768:
660:
List of wars involving Albania § Ottoman Albania (1479–1912)
631:
594:
471:
84:
1906:
The Albanian Renaissance is one of the most valuable periods in
1475:
7408:
7370:
3041:. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România. p. 171.
2494:. In Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers and Bernd J. Fischer (2002),
2454:. In Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers and Bernd J. Fischer (2002),
2128:
1823:
of May 1913. The Albanian delegation in London was assisted by
1716:
for those Ottoman officers who attempted to suppress the revolt
1652:
1631:
1274:
1251:
1215:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1076:
1072:
1060:
1037:
1018:
1010:
2796:
Naum Veqilharxhi, the father of Albanian alphabet and ABC-book
2673:(in Albanian). Shtëpia Botuese e Librit Shkollor. p. 116.
2399:
Naum Veqilharxhi, the father of Albanian alphabet and ABC-book
1943:, the newspaper of the Albanian minority in Romania from 1889.
802:
nobility, who were similarly seeking autonomy. Instead of the
7754:
7736:
7413:
3072:
History of the Balkans: From Mohammed the Conqueror to Stalin
3036:
1982:
1536:
1506:
1467:
1282:
1132:
1128:
1104:
775:. The beys however, were all killed along with their guards.
4682:(in Serbian). Institut za istoriju u Banjaluci. p. 273.
3980:
1914:. The period is directly connected with Jorgji Panariti and
1803:. It was a government that consisted of ten members, led by
1627:
6595:
4473:
Historia e popullit shqiptar në katër vëllime (in Albanian)
3207:
2618:
History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
1830:
846:
two local uprisings that burst in the beginning of 1833 in
3908:
2510:
The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: prelude to the First World War
2466:
2464:
2446:
2444:
2163:. There was much debate and the contending alphabets were
7623:
5534:
Albania's National Renaissance: Aspirations for Schooling
1682:
1613:, and that the possession of weapons would be permitted.
2931:
Thoma Murzaku; Instituti i Studimeve Ballkanike (1999).
2255:. Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science: 195.
1269:
to suppress the League of Prizren and deliver Ulcinj to
1194:, which was called to settle the unresolved problems of
5450:
Michelson, Paul E.; Treptow, Kurt W. (1 January 2002).
3226:
the first political ideologue of the Albanian Revival..
2791:
Naum Veqilharxhi, babai i alfabetit dhe abetares shqipe
2461:
2441:
2394:
Naum Veqilharxhi, babai i alfabetit dhe abetares shqipe
2305:. Baden-Baden: Nomos-Verlag. p. 15. Archived from
1564:
election of the deputies of Albanian ethnicity for the
1434:
In 1910, due to the new centralisation policies of the
1115:
consisted of sixteen representatives from the areas of
5377:
5365:
5228:
Modernisierung durch Transfer zwischen den Weltkriegen
5189:
Modernisierung durch Transfer zwischen den Weltkriegen
4342:
1707:
the development of trade, agriculture and public works
5854:. Modern Library Chronicles. New York: Random House.
4939:"The Balkan Wars and creation of Independent Albania"
4541:
3742:
3740:
3030:
2935:. Shtëpia Botuese "Mesonjetorja e Parë". p. 177.
2924:
1509:, proclaimed the independence of Albania, raised the
1441:
government towards Albanians, local Albanian leaders
5549:
Professor John Eade; Mr Mario Katić (28 June 2014).
4187:
2878:. Shtëpia Botuese e Librit Universitar. p. 427.
2667:
Frashëri, Kristo; Pollo, Stefanaq (1 January 1983).
1710:
general amnesty for all Albanians involved in revolt
1497:, it was decided to organise an Albanian uprising.
6545:
5324:
5034:
4995:
4365:reprint Publisher Cambridge University Press, 1983
4247:
3441:
3439:
3437:
1580:men who are ethnic Albanians to serve army only in
1489:from 2 to 4 February 1911, under the leadership of
1021:fueled the rise of the Albanian national movement.
5847:
5712:
5164:
4710:"Vendi që zë Skënderbeu në historinë e Shqipërisë"
3956:
3737:
3373:
2873:
2861:Te huajt per shqiperine dhe shqiptaret. Edicioni 2
2826:. Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë. p. 184.
1704:freedom to establish private schools and societies
767:'s faction, Veli Bey (whose power base was around
30:"Rilindja" redirects here. For the newspaper, see
5475:
5473:
4330:
4259:
4235:
4211:
3398:
3333:, Edition 2, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000
3068:
3023:Çështja kombëtare në faqe të shtypit të Rilindjes
2918:Çështja kombëtare në faqe të shtypit të Rilindjes
2721:Historia e Shqipërisë: Vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912
2704:Historia e Shqipërisë: Vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912
2687:Historia e Shqipërisë: Vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912
27:19th and 20th-century revival of Albanian culture
7921:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5449:
4835:
4833:
4558:
4556:
4359:
4357:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4165:
4163:
3944:
3434:
2025:and other works in Albanian that dealt with the
5044:History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey
5005:History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey
3986:
3889:Edition 2, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000
3885:Leften Stavros Stavrianos, Traian Stoianovich,
3857:
3855:
3781:
3725:
3700:Leften Stavros Stavrianos, Traian Stoianovich,
3526:
3327:Leften Stavros Stavrianos, Traian Stoianovich,
3191:
3189:
2421:
2419:
2249:The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations
2139:(unity) club, and prominent delegates included
1055:, one of the first political ideologues of the
5619:
5617:
5542:
5470:
5336:
5165:Pollo, Stefanaq; Selami Pulaha (1978). "175".
5146:
5124:
5122:
5070:
4974:
4850:
4848:
4732:
4645:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4506:
4504:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4306:
4271:
4175:
4148:
4067:. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 206.
3835:Isolationist States in an Interdependent World
3771:
3769:
3767:
3449:Isolationist States in an Interdependent World
3422:
3051:
2867:
1328:Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania
1001:dealt a decisive blow to Ottoman power in the
572:
7722:
5953:
5695:
5641:
5604:
5602:
5512:
5502:
5500:
5485:
5433:
5431:
5414:. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 247.
5355:
5353:
5351:
5264:A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History
4962:
4945:. New Delhi: Anmol publications. p. 53.
4936:
4911:Macedonia: warlords and rebels in the Balkans
4830:
4720:
4691:
4689:
4657:
4553:
4354:
4318:
4283:
4199:
4160:
4136:
4087:
4085:
3920:
3752:
3478:
3106:
3104:
3062:
3013:
2960:
2909:
2888:
2666:
2295:
2031:the first secular school of Albanian language
733:
540:
5389:
5171:Vendimi është hartuar shqip dhe turqisht ...
4041:
4039:
3932:
3852:
3808:
3787:
3490:
3270:
3236:
3234:
3186:
3133:
3131:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2813:
2787:
2763:Naum Veqilharxhi and the birth of the nation
2434:
2432:
2416:
2390:
2366:Naum Veqilharxhi and the birth of the nation
2242:
1853:, as recognised by the Great Powers in 1913.
1827:, MP, a passionate advocate of their cause.
910:Rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire
5653:
5614:
5574:
5572:
5312:
5119:
4845:
4818:
4750:
4628:
4568:
4501:
4415:
4056:
4054:
3764:
3646:
3622:
3598:
3550:
3514:
3466:
3410:
3352:
3258:
3058:. Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori". p. 146.
3019:
2915:
2754:
2357:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
1790:. The complete text of the declaration was:
1385:
1036:blocked the arrangement because it awarded
983:. During that time, the destruction of the
778:The last Albanian pashalik to fall was the
7729:
7715:
5960:
5946:
5629:
5599:
5497:
5456:. Center for Romanian Studies. p. 5.
5428:
5348:
5134:
4866:
4781:
4686:
4616:
4493:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4223:
4082:
4028:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3968:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3658:
3634:
3562:
3538:
3358:
3246:
3143:
3101:
3045:
2954:
2882:
2486:
2484:
2115:One year earlier, the Albanian dictionary
1533:, three from Klemendi and two from Shalë.
1321:) founded in 1897, executed its president
740:
726:
547:
533:
5897:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
5524:
5289:History of the Balkans: Twentieth century
4036:
4024:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3794:. London: Psychology Press. p. 173.
3670:
3586:
3502:
3367:
3231:
3128:
3089:
3075:. East European Monographs. p. 365.
2981:
2858:
2840:
2429:
2260:
1751:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
604:, Albania remained under the rule of the
7028:
6883:
5569:
4991:
4989:
4904:
4595:
4470:
4115:
4097:
4051:
3917:, pp. 90–91, 104–105, 108–113, 139.
3867:
3682:
3610:
3291:American Slavic and East European Review
3116:
3037:Viorica Moisuc; Ion Calafeteanu (1980).
2852:
2819:
2734:
2649:
2611:
2243:Rrapaj, Jonilda; Kolasi, Klevis (2013).
2223:
1995:
1946:
1935:
1888:
1844:
1829:
1780:assembly of Muslim and Christian leaders
1754:
1693:reorganisation and modernisation of the
1626:
1535:
1418:
1405:
1291:
1181:
917:
6291:Albanian resistance during World War II
5868:Schwandner-Sievers and Fischer (eds.),
5842:
5821:
5718:
5659:
5623:
5437:
5395:
5342:
5318:
5152:
5128:
5088:
5076:
4980:
4854:
4824:
4738:
4651:
4639:
4602:. Purdue University Press. p. 77.
4583:
4510:
4440:
4428:
4336:
4312:
4277:
4265:
4241:
4217:
4193:
4181:
4154:
4045:
3974:
3950:
3926:
3914:
3861:
3820:
3788:Waller, Michael; Drezov, Kyril (2001).
3775:
3758:
3731:
3676:
3652:
3628:
3604:
3592:
3556:
3532:
3520:
3508:
3484:
3472:
3416:
3404:
3264:
3240:
3137:
3095:
2580:
2553:
2481:
2291:
2289:
2287:
1543:— one of the leaders of the 1911 revolt
1517:it was raised for the first time after
1206:and areas around the mountain towns of
1024:The first postwar treaty, the abortive
14:
7922:
7277:
5890:
5800:
5783:
5706:
5647:
5635:
5608:
5578:
5530:
5518:
5506:
5491:
5479:
5407:
5383:
5371:
5359:
5330:
5140:
4968:
4839:
4726:
4695:
4679:Austro-Ugarska i Mladoturci: 1908-1912
4663:
4622:
4562:
4466:
4464:
4348:
4324:
4300:
4253:
4229:
4205:
4169:
4142:
4091:
3962:
3938:
3873:
3814:
3746:
3688:
3664:
3640:
3616:
3568:
3544:
3496:
3428:
3297:(2). Cambridge University Press: 221.
3288:
3276:
3252:
3195:
3149:
3122:
3110:
2992:
2876:Historia e popullit shqiptar, 395-1875
2127:was held by Albanian intellectuals in
1296:Ethnic distribution of Albanians 1898.
854:were repressed, uprisings occurred in
786:rule ended when an Ottoman army under
7710:
5941:
5915:
5870:Albanian Identities: Myth and History
5762:
5741:
5555:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 109–.
5260:
5221:
5182:
4986:
4880:(in Serbian). Vol. 2. Belgrade:
4795:(in Serbian). Vol. 2. Belgrade:
4744:
4675:
4547:
4475:. Tiranë, Albania. pp. 440–441.
4394:
4103:
4060:
3831:
3580:
3445:
2846:
2717:
2700:
2683:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2322:
2296:Kaser, Karl; Kressing, Frank (2002).
1670:, that can be summarized as follows:
1547:Requests of the memorandum included:
5967:
5677:. BRILL. 13 June 2013. p. 504.
4882:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
4803:from the original on 31 January 2011
4797:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
4596:Treadway, John D. (1 January 1998).
3004:
2945:
2758:Naum Veqilharxhi dhe lindja e kombit
2501:
2361:Naum Veqilharxhi dhe lindja e kombit
2284:
1743:Albanian Declaration of Independence
1568:according to the proportional system
1186:League of Prizren, group photo, 1878
630:in London recognized an independent
5872:, Indiana University Press (2002),
4913:. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 29.
4461:
3987:Ac01384562], [Anonymus (1984).
2798:] (in Albanian), archived from
2554:Vickers, Miranda (1 January 1999).
2401:] (in Albanian), archived from
1350:killing the Metropolitan of Korçë,
1326:Bitola during 1905 established the
955:, others to the publication of the
333:International Commission of Control
24:
5261:Elsie, Robert (24 December 2012).
4907:"The rise of Albanian nationalism"
3838:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 64.
3452:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 63.
2718:Pollo, Stefanaq (1 January 1983).
2701:Pollo, Stefanaq (1 January 1983).
2684:Pollo, Stefanaq (1 January 1983).
2515:
2135:). The Congress was hosted by the
1616:
1555:for all participants in the revolt
1505:chieftains on 26/27 April 1911 in
1457:, the Ottoman government declared
965:standardized alphabet for Albanian
668:Rise of nationalism in the Balkans
619:standardized alphabet for Albanian
25:
7951:
6231:Principality of Albania (1914–25)
6216:Provisional Government of Albania
5735:Library of Congress Country Study
5386:, pp. 133–139, 147–148, 368.
5374:, pp. 119–121, 123, 145–147.
4943:Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World
4753:"Albania and Albanian Identities"
4395:Akçam, Taner (4 September 2004).
4351:, pp. 409–410, 413–415, 471.
3905:. page 504-505 (Length 970 pages)
2212:Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
1801:Provisional Government of Albania
914:National Awakening in the Balkans
7393:
7276:
7095:
6939:
6938:
6518:
6517:
6432:
6431:
6359:
5918:
5766:Historical Dictionary of Albania
5748:. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
5665:
5443:
5401:
5281:
5254:
5215:
5176:
5158:
5089:Kopeček, Michal (January 2006),
5082:
5028:
4930:
4898:
4860:
4775:
4707:
4701:
4669:
4589:
4516:
4434:
4388:
4109:
3791:Kosovo: The politics of delusion
2889:Adrian Brisku (30 August 2013).
2788:Fedhon Meksi (21 October 2011),
2391:Fedhon Meksi (21 October 2011),
2095:
2077:
2059:
2041:
824:
634:within its present-day borders.
63:
5894:The Albanian national awakening
5727:
5408:Norris, H.T. (1 January 1993).
4676:Mikić, Đorđe (1 January 1983).
3879:
3694:
3574:
3321:
3282:
3201:
3155:
2998:
2939:
2781:
2748:
2728:
2711:
2694:
2677:
2660:
2643:
2605:
2584:The Albanians: a modern history
2574:
2557:The Albanians: A Modern History
2547:
2023:Primer of the Albanian language
1736:
1655:, the administrative centre of
1587:confiscated arms to be returned
1304:continued to crumble after the
374:Italian protectorate (southern)
7614:Orders, decorations and medals
6221:Albania during the Balkan Wars
4937:Bahl, Taru; M.H. Syed (2003).
4874:. In Antonije Isaković (ed.).
4789:. In Antonije Isaković (ed.).
4751:Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000).
4441:Pearson, Owen (22 July 2005).
3749:, pp. 67–68, 99, 103–107.
3164:The Diplomacy of the Great War
2895:. Berghahn Books. p. 47.
2765:] (in Albanian), Pashtriku
2527:Tozer, Henry Fanshawe (2009).
2384:
2368:] (in Albanian), Pashtriku
2351:
2316:
1788:Albania an independent country
1763:photographed in November 1912.
1747:Albania during the Balkan Wars
1558:demand for recognition of the
1169:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
1111:. The southern branch, led by
13:
1:
6261:Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
6135:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
5333:, pp. 119–120, 129, 140.
5309:Length 476 pages page 87 link
4787:"Albanski pokreti 1908-1912."
3407:, pp. 45, 60–61, 65, 67.
2217:
1991:Evëtori Shqip Fort i Shkurtër
1921:
1175:lands, including present-day
648:Albanian Revolts of 1833–1839
644:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
637:
6266:Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
6241:Autonomous Province of Korçë
5850:The Balkans: A Short History
4872:"Albanski pokreti 1908–1912"
4256:, pp. 364–365, 392–404.
4196:, pp. 150–155, 159–161.
3990:Albania, general information
3965:, pp. 200–204, 206–212.
3722:. page 503. Length 970 pages
2738:Rilindja Kombëtare Shqiptare
895:
883:and in that of Berat led by
752:
652:Albanian Revolt of 1843–1844
424:German occupation of Albania
7:
7930:Albanian National Awakening
6301:Orthography Congress (1972)
6296:Communist Albania (1946–91)
6276:Italian invasion of Albania
6226:Republic of Central Albania
6206:Declaration of Independence
6150:Albanian National Awakening
5267:. I.B.Tauris. p. 201.
5038:; Ezel Kural Shaw (2002) .
4999:; Ezel Kural Shaw (2002) .
3374:Selçuk Akşin Somel (2001).
2874:Petrika Thëngjilli (1999).
2190:
561:Albanian National Awakening
359:Republic of Central Albania
299:Declaration of Independence
10:
7956:
6271:Union with Italian kingdom
5721:, pp. 87–91, 127–131.
4447:. I.B.Tauris. p. 11.
4401:. Zed Books. p. 129.
4116:Jelavich, Barbara (1983).
3349:Length 970 pages. page 502
3069:Georges Castellan (1992).
3007:Historia e shqipes letrare
2948:Historia e shqipes letrare
2627:Cambridge University Press
2560:. I.B.Tauris. p. 24.
2492:Invention of a Nationalism
2452:Invention of a Nationalism
1967:Albanian literary language
1925:
1882:
1873:
1786:in November 1912 declared
1740:
1720:The revolt ended when the
1620:
1399:
1389:
899:
890:
641:
467:1997 Albanian civil unrest
244:Revolts of 1833–1839
133:Angevin Kingdom of Albania
29:
7745:
7666:
7632:
7565:
7534:
7479:
7448:
7441:
7384:
7341:
7295:
7218:
7180:
7171:
7130:
7126:
7117:
7019:
6951:
6927:
6874:
6848:
6827:
6788:
6784:
6775:
6731:
6693:
6655:
6609:
6536:
6471:
6467:
6458:
6412:
6381:
6377:
6368:
6357:
6329:
6193:
6092:
6056:
5988:
5979:
5935:
5887:, 102, I (2018): 321–378.
5801:Clayer, Nathalie (2007).
5784:Clayer, Nathalie (2005).
4471:Frashëri, Kristo (1984).
3026:. 8 Nëntori. p. 217.
2920:. 8 Nëntori. p. 180.
2820:Frashëri, Kristo (2008).
2735:Frashëri, Kristo (1962).
2650:Frashëri, Kristo (1983).
2581:Vickers, Miranda (1999).
2337:10.1017/S0018246X00004416
2262:10.1501/intrel_0000000290
2117:(Fjalori i Gjuhës Shqipe)
1659:within the Ottoman rule.
1426:with his rebels entering
628:Conference of Ambassadors
577:), commonly known as the
249:Revolt of 1843–1844
18:Albanian National Revival
6286:The Holocaust in Albania
6145:Uprising of Dervish Cara
5822:Gawrych, George (2006).
4339:, pp. 177–179, 183.
4268:, pp. 170–177, 183.
4244:, pp. 170–173, 183.
4220:, pp. 163–166, 169.
3953:, pp. 131, 135–136.
3734:, pp. 62–63, 66–68.
3535:, pp. 46–47, 63–64.
3431:, pp. 89–92, 94–95.
3009:. Grafikos. p. 180.
2967:. Logos-A. p. 156.
2950:. Grafikos. p. 102.
2653:Historia e Shqipërise II
1386:Revolts of 1910 and 1911
922:The 4 Ottoman vilayets (
434:Second League of Prizren
7740:during the 19th century
6125:Islamization of Albania
6115:Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini
6069:Principality of Arbanon
5925:Topics related to the
5891:Skendi, Stavro (1967).
5579:Lloshi, Xhevat (2008).
4905:Phillips, John (2004).
4061:Ramet, Sabrina (1998).
3052:Gazmend Shpuza (1980).
2121:Kostandin Kristoforidhi
2004:in a rare photo (1908).
1878:
1640:Albanian Revolt of 1912
1623:Albanian Revolt of 1912
1392:Albanian Revolt of 1910
656:Albanian Revolt of 1847
429:World War II in Albania
186:Islamization of Albania
176:Principality of Mirdita
138:Principality of Albania
128:Principality of Arbanon
80:Origin of the Albanians
6306:Post-Communist Albania
6281:German Nazi occupation
6236:World War I in Albania
6105:Skanderbeg's rebellion
5763:Elsie, Robert (2010).
5585:. Logos-A. p. 9.
5482:, pp. 18–19, 240.
5222:Giaro, Tomasz (2007).
5183:Giaro, Tomasz (2007).
4119:History of the Balkans
3887:The Balkans since 1453
3761:, pp. 62, 66, 68.
3703:The Balkans since 1453
3380:. BRILL. p. 210.
3330:The Balkans since 1453
2961:Xhevat Lloshi (2008).
2325:The Historical Journal
2005:
2000:The Commission of the
1962:
1944:
1903:
1854:
1842:
1816:
1797:
1764:
1635:
1544:
1431:
1416:
1297:
1187:
1177:Bosnia and Herzegovina
947:
672:Nationalism under the
573:
568:
404:Principality (Regency)
354:World War I in Albania
322:Provisional Government
7604:Epitaph of Gllavenica
5885:Nuova Rivista Storica
5828:. London: IB Tauris.
5345:, pp. 20, 86–91.
4868:Bogdanović, Dimitrije
4783:Bogdanović, Dimitrije
4524:"Historia e Malësisë"
3832:Turku, Helga (2009).
3499:, pp. 38–39, 51.
3487:, pp. 49, 61–63.
3446:Turku, Helga (2009).
3279:, pp. 43–44, 54.
3198:, pp. 35–38, 47.
2670:Historia e Shqipërisë
1999:
1950:
1939:
1892:
1848:
1833:
1792:
1758:
1630:
1539:
1422:
1409:
1400:Further information:
1295:
1185:
1045:Treaty of San Stefano
1026:Treaty of San Stefano
981:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
921:
900:Further information:
622:Crisis (1878–1881).
7940:Albanian nationalism
7036:Archaeological sites
6546:Vetting Institutions
6246:Italian protectorate
6160:Congress of Manastir
6140:Revolts of 1833–1839
4759:on 27 September 2011
4565:, pp. 412, 440.
3864:, pp. 8, 21–23.
3167:, BiblioBazaar 2009
3020:Ahmet Kondo (1982).
3005:Raka, Fadil (2005).
2946:Raka, Fadil (2005).
2916:Ahmet Kondo (1982).
2863:. Lulu. p. 299.
2533:. pp. 167–169.
2202:Albanian nationalism
2125:Congress of Monastir
1841:on 28 November 1913.
1584:during the peacetime
1267:Dervish Turgut Pasha
1258:and the district of
906:Albanian Nationalism
579:Albanian Renaissance
394:Italian protectorate
32:Rilindja (newspaper)
7257:Research institutes
6819:State Supreme Audit
6256:Republic of Mirdita
5807:. Paris: Karthala.
5742:Blumi, Isa (2011).
5709:, pp. 111–128.
5650:, pp. 371–372.
5531:Thomas, J. (1983).
5521:, pp. 256–262.
5494:, pp. 257–258.
5155:, pp. 199–200.
5079:, pp. 201–202.
4983:, pp. 194–195.
4971:, pp. 435–436.
4842:, pp. 436–437.
4741:, pp. 190–196.
4729:, pp. 427–437.
4666:, pp. 416–417.
4654:, pp. 186–187.
4327:, pp. 405–408.
4303:, pp. 405–406.
4280:, pp. 179–182.
4208:, pp. 370–372.
4184:, pp. 149–155.
4172:, pp. 339–344.
4157:, pp. 140–149.
4145:, pp. 335–339.
3941:, pp. 195–198.
3929:, pp. 125–127.
3817:, pp. 105–106.
2496:Albanian Identities
2472:Albanian Identities
2456:Albanian Identities
1989:published his work
1867:Treaty of Bucharest
788:Mehmed Reshid Pasha
602:rise of nationalism
472:Republic of Albania
419:Albania under Italy
389:Congress of Lushnjë
369:Republic of Mirdita
327:Congress of Trieste
317:Independent Albania
7074:Adriatic Sea Coast
7001:Telecommunications
6708:Capital punishment
6601:Prosecutor General
6170:Malissori uprising
6130:Albanian Pashaliks
6084:House of Kastrioti
6074:Kingdom of Albania
5929:National Awakening
5398:, pp. 22, 91.
4870:(November 2000) .
4785:(November 2000) .
4315:, pp. 177–179
3607:, pp. 60, 68.
3183:. Length 360 pages
2859:Piro TASE (2010).
2802:on 2 December 2014
2405:on 2 December 2014
2197:History of Albania
2067:Parashqevi Qiriazi
2006:
1963:
1961:published in 1845.
1952:Naum Veqilharxhi's
1945:
1904:
1855:
1843:
1765:
1722:Ottoman government
1701:in secular schools
1666:), related to the
1636:
1566:Ottoman Parliament
1560:Albanian ethnicity
1545:
1491:Nikolla bey Ivanaj
1480:summary executions
1432:
1417:
1410:Guerrilla fighter
1330:. In 1905, priest
1306:Congress of Berlin
1298:
1200:Congress of Berlin
1192:Congress of Berlin
1188:
985:Pashalik of Yanina
948:
574:Rilindja Kombëtare
379:Congress of Durrës
239:National Awakening
7935:History of Kosovo
7917:
7916:
7911:
7910:
7738:National revivals
7704:
7703:
7662:
7661:
7658:
7657:
7530:
7529:
7437:
7436:
7429:Cognac Skënderbeu
7236:
7188:
7113:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7101:Images of Albania
7069:
7068:
6928:Natural resources
6919:Hydropower plants
6914:
6913:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6576:
6575:
6513:Political parties
6508:Foreign relations
6454:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6355:
6354:
6311:1997 Civil Unrest
6155:League of Prizren
6079:Despotate of Arta
5776:978-0-8108-6188-6
5684:978-90-04-25076-5
5562:978-1-4724-1592-9
5307:978-0-521-27459-3
5237:978-3-465-04017-0
5198:978-3-465-04017-0
5036:Shaw, Stanford J.
4997:Shaw, Stanford J.
4379:978-0-521-27459-3
4129:978-0-521-27459-3
3903:978-1-85065-551-0
3845:978-0-7546-7932-5
3778:, pp. 80–81.
3720:978-1-85065-551-0
3667:, pp. 65–68.
3655:, pp. 62–63.
3643:, pp. 61–64.
3631:, pp. 61–62.
3571:, pp. 55–82.
3559:, pp. 60–65.
3547:, pp. 69–70.
3523:, pp. 47–48.
3475:, pp. 48–49.
3459:978-0-7546-7932-5
3419:, pp. 53–60.
3347:978-1-85065-551-0
3267:, pp. 45–46.
3255:, pp. 36–37.
3181:978-1-110-00529-1
3152:, pp. 43–44.
3113:, pp. 33–34.
3082:978-0-88033-222-4
2974:978-9989-58-268-4
2902:978-0-85745-985-5
2755:Enis Sulstarova,
2636:978-0-521-27458-6
2613:Jelavich, Barbara
2598:978-1-86064-541-9
2540:978-1-115-99203-9
2507:Richard C. Hall,
2358:Enis Sulstarova,
2161:Gjergj D. Qiriazi
2108:
2090:
2072:
2054:
2002:Manastir Congress
1959:Albanian alphabet
1928:Albanian language
1761:Assembly of Vlorë
1731:League of Prizren
1699:Albanian language
1695:religious schools
1611:Albanian language
1572:Albanian language
1541:Sokol Baci Ivezaj
1495:Sokol Baci Ivezaj
999:Russo-Turkish War
973:French Revolution
944:League of Prizren
902:League of Prizren
750:
749:
676:
557:
556:
444:Socialist Albania
409:Albanian Republic
364:Republic of Korçë
264:League of Prizren
196:Sanjak of Scutari
191:Sanjak of Albania
16:(Redirected from
7947:
7731:
7724:
7717:
7708:
7707:
7689:
7682:
7675:
7446:
7445:
7397:
7280:
7279:
7232:
7184:
7178:
7177:
7128:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7099:
7079:Ionian Sea Coast
7026:
7025:
6942:
6941:
6881:
6880:
6835:Shopping centers
6804:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6759:Border crossings
6633:Cities and towns
6543:
6542:
6521:
6520:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6435:
6434:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6363:
6185:Kimza Government
5986:
5985:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5939:
5938:
5930:
5923:
5922:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5865:
5853:
5839:
5818:
5797:
5780:
5759:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5693:
5692:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5627:
5621:
5612:
5606:
5597:
5596:
5576:
5567:
5566:
5546:
5540:
5538:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5468:
5467:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5426:
5425:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5357:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5244:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5205:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5109:
5086:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5060:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
4993:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4864:
4858:
4852:
4843:
4837:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4808:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4684:
4683:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4566:
4560:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4492:
4484:
4468:
4459:
4458:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4413:
4412:
4392:
4386:
4383:page 87-88 link
4381:Length 476 pages
4361:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4080:
4078:
4058:
4049:
4043:
4034:
4033:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3829:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3443:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3359:George Gawrych.
3356:
3350:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3184:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2979:
2978:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2524:
2513:
2505:
2499:
2488:
2479:
2468:
2459:
2448:
2439:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2312:on 13 June 2007.
2311:
2304:
2293:
2282:
2281:
2264:
2240:
2149:Mit'hat Frashëri
2106:
2099:
2088:
2081:
2070:
2063:
2052:
2049:Naum Veqilharxhi
2045:
1987:Naum Veqilharxhi
1908:Albanian culture
1821:Treaty of London
1769:First Balkan War
1727:Albanian vilayet
1676:Albanian vilayet
1668:Albanian vilayet
1642:was one of many
1527:Greçë Memorandum
1075:), Kalkandelen (
1057:National Revival
1003:Balkan Peninsula
961:Naum Veqilharxhi
940:Albanian vilayet
840:Tanzimat reforms
780:Scutari Pashalik
742:
735:
728:
671:
664:
663:
615:Naum Veqilharxhi
587:Albanian history
583:Albanian Revival
576:
549:
542:
535:
414:Albanian Kingdom
335:
294:Albanian Vilayet
231:Massacre of the
216:Manastir Vilayet
158:Venetian Albania
67:
57:
39:
38:
21:
7955:
7954:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7920:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7741:
7735:
7705:
7700:
7692:
7685:
7678:
7671:
7654:
7640:Public holidays
7628:
7561:
7526:
7475:
7433:
7380:
7337:
7291:
7214:
7167:
7105:
7065:
7015:
7006:Posta Shqiptare
6947:
6923:
6910:
6870:
6844:
6823:
6802:
6763:
6749:Organized crime
6727:
6689:
6651:
6605:
6572:
6532:
6446:
6442:Protected areas
6408:
6364:
6351:
6325:
6316:NATO membership
6199:
6197:
6189:
6110:League of Lezhë
6098:
6096:
6088:
6062:
6060:
6052:
5975:
5966:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5905:
5862:
5836:
5815:
5777:
5756:
5730:
5725:
5717:
5713:
5705:
5696:
5685:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5658:
5654:
5646:
5642:
5634:
5630:
5622:
5615:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5547:
5543:
5529:
5525:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5498:
5490:
5486:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5448:
5444:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5406:
5402:
5394:
5390:
5382:
5378:
5370:
5366:
5358:
5349:
5341:
5337:
5329:
5325:
5317:
5313:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5259:
5255:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5220:
5216:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5181:
5177:
5163:
5159:
5151:
5147:
5139:
5135:
5127:
5120:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5087:
5083:
5075:
5071:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5033:
5029:
5019:
5017:
5015:
4994:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4935:
4931:
4921:
4903:
4899:
4886:
4884:
4877:Knjiga o Kosovu
4865:
4861:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4831:
4823:
4819:
4806:
4804:
4792:Knjiga o Kosovu
4780:
4776:
4762:
4760:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4708:Abas, Ermenji.
4706:
4702:
4694:
4687:
4674:
4670:
4662:
4658:
4650:
4646:
4638:
4629:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4594:
4590:
4582:
4569:
4561:
4554:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4528:www.malesia.org
4522:
4521:
4517:
4509:
4502:
4486:
4485:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4439:
4435:
4427:
4416:
4409:
4393:
4389:
4362:
4355:
4347:
4343:
4335:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4299:
4284:
4276:
4272:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4212:
4204:
4200:
4192:
4188:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4141:
4137:
4130:
4114:
4110:
4102:
4098:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4059:
4052:
4044:
4037:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3994:
3985:
3981:
3973:
3969:
3961:
3957:
3949:
3945:
3937:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3884:
3880:
3872:
3868:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3830:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3774:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3745:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3699:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3659:
3651:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3444:
3435:
3427:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3388:
3372:
3368:
3357:
3353:
3326:
3322:
3303:10.2307/2491677
3287:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3263:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3232:
3222:
3206:
3202:
3194:
3187:
3161:Arthur Bullard,
3160:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3067:
3063:
3050:
3046:
3035:
3031:
3018:
3014:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2982:
2975:
2959:
2955:
2944:
2940:
2929:
2925:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2887:
2883:
2872:
2868:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2818:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2786:
2782:
2768:
2766:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2716:
2712:
2699:
2695:
2682:
2678:
2665:
2661:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2629:. p. 349.
2610:
2606:
2599:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2525:
2516:
2506:
2502:
2489:
2482:
2469:
2462:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2424:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2389:
2385:
2371:
2369:
2356:
2352:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2285:
2241:
2224:
2220:
2193:
2133:North Macedonia
2131:(in modern-day
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2046:
1955:Vithkuqi script
1934:
1926:Main articles:
1924:
1887:
1881:
1876:
1849:The borders of
1759:Members of the
1753:
1741:Main articles:
1739:
1664:Fourteen Points
1646:revolts in the
1625:
1619:
1617:Revolts of 1912
1603:Scutari Vilayet
1511:flag of Albania
1411:
1404:
1402:Battle of Deçiq
1398:
1390:Main articles:
1388:
1332:Kristo Negovani
1030:Austria-Hungary
938:), proposed as
916:
898:
893:
827:
796:Mustafa Reshiti
755:
746:
709:North Macedonia
670:
662:
642:Main articles:
640:
591:Albanian people
553:
517:
516:
515:
485:
477:
476:
457:
449:
448:
399:June Revolution
331:
312:
304:
303:
284:Battle of Deçiq
206:Scutari Vilayet
201:Sanjak of Dibra
181:Ottoman Albania
171:
163:
162:
153:League of Lezhë
113:
105:
104:
75:
55:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7953:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7915:
7914:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7734:
7733:
7726:
7719:
7711:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7691:
7690:
7683:
7676:
7668:
7667:
7664:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7589:
7577:
7571:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7538:
7536:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7452:
7450:
7443:
7439:
7438:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7390:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7347:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7299:
7297:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7238:
7237:
7224:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7191:
7189:
7175:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7154:Noble families
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7134:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7093:
7088:
7076:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7032:
7030:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6955:
6953:
6952:Infrastructure
6949:
6948:
6946:
6936:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6887:
6885:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6837:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6798:
6792:
6790:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6713:Assassinations
6710:
6705:
6699:
6697:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6628:Municipalities
6625:
6620:
6615:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6549:
6547:
6540:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6503:Prime Minister
6500:
6488:
6475:
6473:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6429:
6424:
6418:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6385:
6383:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6198:(1912–present)
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6180:Revolt of 1912
6177:
6175:Taksim meeting
6172:
6167:
6165:Revolt of 1910
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6120:Arbëni Council
6117:
6112:
6107:
6101:
6099:
6094:Ottoman period
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6065:
6063:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5994:
5992:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5965:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5910:
5909:
5903:
5888:
5881:
5866:
5860:
5840:
5834:
5819:
5813:
5798:
5781:
5775:
5760:
5754:
5739:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5711:
5694:
5683:
5664:
5662:, p. 166.
5652:
5640:
5638:, p. 371.
5628:
5626:, p. 165.
5613:
5611:, p. 370.
5598:
5591:
5568:
5561:
5541:
5523:
5511:
5509:, p. 255.
5496:
5484:
5469:
5462:
5442:
5427:
5420:
5400:
5388:
5376:
5364:
5362:, p. 119.
5347:
5335:
5323:
5321:, p. 200.
5311:
5280:
5273:
5253:
5236:
5214:
5197:
5175:
5157:
5145:
5143:, p. 463.
5133:
5131:, p. 197.
5118:
5101:
5081:
5069:
5052:
5027:
5013:
4985:
4973:
4961:
4951:
4929:
4919:
4897:
4859:
4857:, p. 195.
4844:
4829:
4827:, p. 192.
4817:
4774:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4700:
4698:, p. 419.
4685:
4668:
4656:
4644:
4642:, p. 187.
4627:
4625:, p. 416.
4615:
4608:
4588:
4586:, p. 186.
4567:
4552:
4550:, p. 444.
4540:
4515:
4513:, p. 178.
4500:
4460:
4453:
4433:
4431:, p. 177.
4414:
4407:
4387:
4353:
4341:
4329:
4317:
4305:
4282:
4270:
4258:
4246:
4234:
4232:, p. 362.
4222:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4174:
4159:
4147:
4135:
4128:
4108:
4096:
4081:
4073:
4050:
4035:
3979:
3977:, p. 147.
3967:
3955:
3943:
3931:
3919:
3907:
3878:
3866:
3851:
3844:
3819:
3807:
3800:
3780:
3763:
3751:
3736:
3724:
3693:
3681:
3669:
3657:
3645:
3633:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3585:
3573:
3561:
3549:
3537:
3525:
3513:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3465:
3458:
3433:
3421:
3409:
3397:
3386:
3366:
3351:
3320:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3230:
3220:
3200:
3185:
3154:
3142:
3127:
3125:, pp. 43.
3115:
3100:
3088:
3081:
3061:
3044:
3029:
3012:
2997:
2995:, p. 139.
2980:
2973:
2953:
2938:
2923:
2908:
2901:
2881:
2866:
2851:
2839:
2832:
2812:
2780:
2747:
2727:
2710:
2693:
2676:
2659:
2642:
2635:
2604:
2597:
2591:. p. 24.
2573:
2566:
2546:
2539:
2514:
2500:
2480:
2460:
2440:
2428:
2415:
2383:
2350:
2331:(2): 380–383.
2315:
2283:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2157:Shahin Kolonja
2101:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2021:published the
1957:was the first
1923:
1920:
1912:Ottoman Empire
1883:Main article:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1825:Aubrey Herbert
1738:
1735:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1657:Kosovo vilayet
1648:Ottoman Empire
1621:Main article:
1618:
1615:
1599:Kosovo Vilayet
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1513:(according to
1499:Terenzio Tocci
1387:
1384:
1369:Abdül Hamid II
1364:Abdül Hamid II
1319:League of Peja
1310:Abdül Hamid II
1302:Ottoman Empire
1113:Abdyl Frashëri
1087:), Viçitirin (
1083:), Mitroviça (
1053:Abdyl Frashëri
1049:Constantinople
1034:United Kingdom
897:
894:
892:
889:
877:revolt of 1847
826:
823:
821:were created.
782:. The Bushati
754:
751:
748:
747:
745:
744:
737:
730:
722:
719:
718:
717:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
678:
677:
674:Ottoman Empire
639:
636:
606:Ottoman Empire
555:
554:
552:
551:
544:
537:
529:
526:
525:
519:
518:
514:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
464:
462:Post-communism
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
441:
439:Liberation Day
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
349:Peasant Revolt
346:
341:
336:
329:
324:
319:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
289:Revolt of 1912
286:
281:
279:Revolt of 1911
276:
274:Revolt of 1910
271:
269:League of Peja
266:
261:
259:Revolt of 1847
256:
254:Revolt of 1845
251:
246:
241:
236:
228:
223:
221:Kosovo Vilayet
218:
213:
211:Janina Vilayet
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
148:Principalities
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
123:Bulgarian rule
120:
118:Byzantine rule
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
76:
73:
72:
69:
68:
60:
59:
50:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7952:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7925:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7800:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7744:
7739:
7732:
7727:
7725:
7720:
7718:
7713:
7712:
7709:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7677:
7674:
7670:
7669:
7665:
7651:
7650:Copyright law
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7631:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7609:Sign language
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7568:
7564:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:Entertainment
7533:
7523:
7522:Indoor arenas
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7487:Weightlifting
7485:
7484:
7482:
7478:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7456:National team
7454:
7453:
7451:
7447:
7444:
7440:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7334:
7333:Sworn virgins
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7294:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7235:
7231:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7217:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7170:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7116:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7018:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6945:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6774:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6608:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6492:
6491:Head of state
6489:
6487:
6485:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6362:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6196:
6192:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5963:
5958:
5956:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5906:
5904:9781400847761
5900:
5896:
5895:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5878:0-253-21570-6
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5861:0-679-64087-8
5857:
5852:
5851:
5845:
5844:Mazower, Mark
5841:
5837:
5835:9781845112875
5831:
5827:
5826:
5820:
5816:
5814:9782845868168
5810:
5806:
5805:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5782:
5778:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5761:
5757:
5755:9780230119086
5751:
5747:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5720:
5715:
5708:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5656:
5649:
5644:
5637:
5632:
5625:
5620:
5618:
5610:
5605:
5603:
5594:
5592:9789989582684
5588:
5584:
5583:
5575:
5573:
5564:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5545:
5536:
5535:
5527:
5520:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5501:
5493:
5488:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5465:
5463:9789739432375
5459:
5455:
5454:
5446:
5440:, p. 20.
5439:
5434:
5432:
5423:
5421:9780872499775
5417:
5413:
5412:
5404:
5397:
5392:
5385:
5380:
5373:
5368:
5361:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5344:
5339:
5332:
5327:
5320:
5315:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5299:0-521-27459-1
5296:
5291:
5290:
5284:
5276:
5274:9781780764313
5270:
5266:
5265:
5257:
5250:
5239:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5200:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5137:
5130:
5125:
5123:
5115:
5104:
5102:963-7326-60-X
5098:
5094:
5093:
5085:
5078:
5073:
5066:
5055:
5053:0-521-29166-6
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5016:
5014:0-521-29166-6
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4982:
4977:
4970:
4965:
4958:
4954:
4952:81-261-1419-3
4948:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4922:
4920:1-86064-841-X
4916:
4912:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4826:
4821:
4814:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4771:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4716:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4672:
4665:
4660:
4653:
4648:
4641:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4624:
4619:
4611:
4609:9781557531469
4605:
4601:
4600:
4592:
4585:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4564:
4559:
4557:
4549:
4544:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4496:
4490:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4465:
4456:
4454:9781845110130
4450:
4446:
4445:
4437:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4410:
4408:9781842775271
4404:
4400:
4399:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4371:0-521-27459-1
4368:
4360:
4358:
4350:
4345:
4338:
4333:
4326:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4267:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4243:
4238:
4231:
4226:
4219:
4214:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4190:
4183:
4178:
4171:
4166:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4144:
4139:
4131:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4076:
4074:9780822320708
4070:
4066:
4065:
4057:
4055:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4031:
4027:
4020:
4008:
3992:
3991:
3983:
3976:
3971:
3964:
3959:
3952:
3947:
3940:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3916:
3911:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3895:1-85065-551-0
3892:
3888:
3882:
3876:, p. 89.
3875:
3870:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3816:
3811:
3803:
3801:9781135278533
3797:
3793:
3792:
3784:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3760:
3755:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3733:
3728:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3712:1-85065-551-0
3709:
3705:
3704:
3697:
3691:, p. 82.
3690:
3685:
3679:, p. 68.
3678:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3637:
3630:
3625:
3619:, p. 52.
3618:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3595:, p. 61.
3594:
3589:
3582:
3577:
3570:
3565:
3558:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3517:
3511:, p. 49.
3510:
3505:
3498:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3394:
3389:
3387:90-04-11903-5
3383:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3363:. p. 47.
3362:
3355:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3339:1-85065-551-0
3336:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3243:, p. 44.
3242:
3237:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3221:963-7326-52-9
3217:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3173:1-110-00529-6
3170:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3146:
3140:, p. 45.
3139:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3119:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3098:, p. 38.
3097:
3092:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3048:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2912:
2904:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2870:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2835:
2833:9789995610135
2829:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2777:
2776:Renaissance.
2764:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2567:9781860645419
2563:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2450:Misha, Piro.
2447:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2422:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2380:
2379:Renaissance.
2367:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2308:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:Gjergj Fishta
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2104:
2098:
2086:
2085:Gjergj Fishta
2080:
2068:
2062:
2050:
2044:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:Naim Frashëri
2012:
2011:Sami Frashëri
2003:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:Naim Frashëri
1972:
1971:Sami Frashëri
1968:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1916:Kolë Idromeno
1913:
1909:
1901:
1900:Kolë Idromeno
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1835:Ismail Qemali
1832:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:Ismail Qemali
1802:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1714:court martial
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1501:gathered the
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:Sublime Porte
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:), Manastir (
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:), Pristine (
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
969:
966:
962:
958:
957:first attempt
954:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
888:
886:
882:
881:Zenel Gjoleka
878:
872:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
843:
841:
837:
833:
825:Early revolts
822:
820:
816:
812:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:Rozafa Castle
790:besieged the
789:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
761:
760:Sublime Porte
743:
738:
736:
731:
729:
724:
723:
721:
720:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
679:
675:
669:
666:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
635:
633:
629:
623:
620:
616:
612:
611:first attempt
607:
603:
600:Prior to the
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
570:
566:
562:
550:
545:
543:
538:
536:
531:
530:
528:
527:
524:
521:
520:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
481:
480:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
453:
452:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
334:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
234:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
167:
166:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
109:
108:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
74:Early History
71:
70:
66:
62:
61:
58:
52:
51:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7831:
7749:
7687:Bibliography
7594:
7592:Coat of arms
7582:
7480:Other sports
7303:Folk beliefs
7267:Universities
7195:Architecture
7139:Demographics
7081:
6991:
6840:Supermarkets
6814:Trade unions
6695:Human rights
6670:
6611:Subdivisions
6581:Constitution
6493:
6481:
6427:Biodiversity
6321:EU Accession
6195:Independence
6149:
5893:
5884:
5869:
5849:
5824:
5803:
5793:
5790:Balkanologie
5789:
5765:
5744:
5733:
5719:Gawrych 2006
5714:
5688:
5673:
5667:
5660:Gawrych 2006
5655:
5643:
5631:
5624:Gawrych 2006
5581:
5551:
5544:
5533:
5526:
5514:
5487:
5452:
5445:
5438:Gawrych 2006
5410:
5403:
5396:Gawrych 2006
5391:
5379:
5367:
5343:Gawrych 2006
5338:
5326:
5319:Gawrych 2006
5314:
5288:
5283:
5263:
5256:
5248:
5241:. Retrieved
5227:
5217:
5209:
5202:. Retrieved
5188:
5178:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5153:Gawrych 2006
5148:
5136:
5129:Gawrych 2006
5113:
5106:, retrieved
5091:
5084:
5077:Gawrych 2006
5072:
5064:
5057:. Retrieved
5043:
5030:
5018:. Retrieved
5004:
4981:Gawrych 2006
4976:
4964:
4956:
4942:
4932:
4924:
4910:
4900:
4892:
4885:. Retrieved
4876:
4862:
4855:Gawrych 2006
4825:Gawrych 2006
4820:
4812:
4805:. Retrieved
4791:
4777:
4768:
4761:. Retrieved
4757:the original
4746:
4739:Gawrych 2006
4734:
4722:
4713:
4703:
4678:
4671:
4659:
4652:Gawrych 2006
4647:
4640:Gawrych 2006
4618:
4598:
4591:
4584:Gawrych 2006
4543:
4533:20 September
4531:. Retrieved
4527:
4518:
4511:Gawrych 2006
4472:
4443:
4436:
4429:Gawrych 2006
4397:
4390:
4363:
4344:
4337:Gawrych 2006
4332:
4320:
4313:Gawrych 2006
4308:
4278:Gawrych 2006
4273:
4266:Gawrych 2006
4261:
4249:
4242:Gawrych 2006
4237:
4225:
4218:Gawrych 2006
4213:
4201:
4194:Gawrych 2006
4189:
4182:Gawrych 2006
4177:
4155:Gawrych 2006
4150:
4138:
4118:
4111:
4099:
4063:
4046:Gawrych 2006
3995:. Retrieved
3993:. p. 33
3989:
3982:
3975:Gawrych 2006
3970:
3958:
3951:Gawrych 2006
3946:
3934:
3927:Gawrych 2006
3922:
3915:Gawrych 2006
3910:
3886:
3881:
3869:
3862:Gawrych 2006
3834:
3810:
3790:
3783:
3776:Gawrych 2006
3759:Gawrych 2006
3754:
3732:Gawrych 2006
3727:
3702:
3696:
3684:
3677:Gawrych 2006
3672:
3660:
3653:Gawrych 2006
3648:
3636:
3629:Gawrych 2006
3624:
3612:
3605:Gawrych 2006
3600:
3593:Gawrych 2006
3588:
3576:
3564:
3557:Gawrych 2006
3552:
3540:
3533:Gawrych 2006
3528:
3521:Gawrych 2006
3516:
3509:Gawrych 2006
3504:
3492:
3485:Gawrych 2006
3480:
3473:Gawrych 2006
3468:
3448:
3424:
3417:Gawrych 2006
3412:
3405:Gawrych 2006
3400:
3391:
3376:
3369:
3360:
3354:
3329:
3323:
3316:represented.
3314:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3272:
3265:Gawrych 2006
3260:
3248:
3241:Gawrych 2006
3225:
3210:
3203:
3163:
3157:
3145:
3138:Gawrych 2006
3118:
3096:Gawrych 2006
3091:
3071:
3064:
3054:
3047:
3038:
3032:
3022:
3015:
3006:
3000:
2963:
2956:
2947:
2941:
2932:
2926:
2917:
2911:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2869:
2860:
2854:
2849:, p. 56
2842:
2822:
2815:
2804:, retrieved
2800:the original
2795:
2790:
2783:
2774:
2767:, retrieved
2762:
2757:
2750:
2737:
2730:
2720:
2713:
2703:
2696:
2686:
2679:
2669:
2662:
2652:
2645:
2617:
2607:
2589:I. B. Tauris
2587:. New York:
2583:
2576:
2556:
2549:
2529:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2490:Piro Misha.
2475:
2471:
2455:
2451:
2407:, retrieved
2403:the original
2398:
2393:
2386:
2377:
2370:, retrieved
2365:
2360:
2353:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2307:the original
2298:
2276:
2274:
2252:
2248:
2207:Albanophobia
2183:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2136:
2116:
2114:
2022:
2007:
1990:
1964:
1940:
1905:
1893:
1885:Albanian art
1864:
1856:
1798:
1793:
1777:
1766:
1737:Independence
1719:
1663:
1661:
1637:
1596:
1593:
1546:
1524:
1519:Skanderbeg's
1515:Robert Elsie
1484:
1447:Idriz Seferi
1443:Isa Boletini
1433:
1424:Idriz Seferi
1413:Isa Boletini
1380:
1373:
1356:
1348:Bajo Topulli
1340:Karavangelis
1314:
1299:
1279:
1264:
1244:
1189:
1173:
1056:
1042:
1023:
995:Risorgimento
970:
949:
873:
844:
828:
817:and that of
808:
803:
777:
756:
683:
624:
599:
582:
578:
560:
558:
496:Constitution
456:Contemporary
344:Principality
238:
232:
170:Early modern
143:Serbian rule
36:
7200:Photography
7186:(galleries)
7061:Lighthouses
6934:Oil and gas
6856:Agriculture
6656:Legislature
6528:Visa policy
6414:Environment
6097:(1385–1912)
6061:(1190–1385)
6058:Middle Ages
5707:Skendi 1967
5648:Skendi 1967
5636:Skendi 1967
5609:Skendi 1967
5519:Lloshi 2008
5507:Lloshi 2008
5492:Lloshi 2008
5480:Lloshi 2008
5384:Skendi 1967
5372:Skendi 1967
5360:Skendi 1967
5331:Skendi 1967
5141:Skendi 1967
4969:Skendi 1967
4840:Skendi 1967
4727:Skendi 1967
4696:Skendi 1967
4664:Skendi 1967
4623:Skendi 1967
4563:Skendi 1967
4349:Skendi 1967
4325:Skendi 1967
4301:Skendi 1967
4254:Skendi 1967
4230:Skendi 1967
4206:Skendi 1967
4170:Skendi 1967
4143:Skendi 1967
4092:Clayer 2005
4015:|work=
3963:Skendi 1967
3939:Skendi 1967
3874:Skendi 1967
3815:Skendi 1967
3747:Skendi 1967
3689:Skendi 1967
3665:Skendi 1967
3641:Skendi 1967
3617:Skendi 1967
3569:Skendi 1967
3545:Skendi 1967
3497:Skendi 1967
3429:Skendi 1967
3277:Skendi 1967
3253:Skendi 1967
3196:Skendi 1967
3150:Skendi 1967
3123:Skendi 1967
3111:Skendi 1967
2993:Skendi 1967
2107:(1866–1937)
2089:(1871–1940)
2071:(1880–1970)
2053:(1797–1854)
1860:Edward Grey
1782:meeting in
1697:and use of
1459:martial law
1308:and Sultan
1196:Turkish War
1137:Gjirokastër
1051:—including
885:Rapo Hekali
794:and forced
704:Herzegovina
339:Balkan Wars
311:Late modern
54:History of
7924:Categories
7873:Lithuanian
7775:Belarusian
7547:Television
7507:Volleyball
7502:Basketball
7356:Fustanella
7318:Secularism
7287:Albanology
7272:Publishers
7252:Literature
6994:structures
6861:Healthcare
6803:(currency)
6685:Opposition
6586:Corruption
6479:Government
6028:Dassaretii
5737:of Albania
5728:Literature
5243:24 January
5204:24 January
5108:18 January
5059:10 January
5020:10 January
4763:10 January
4548:Elsie 2010
4104:Blumi 2011
3581:Elsie 2010
2847:Elsie 2010
2806:1 December
2769:1 December
2409:1 December
2372:1 December
2218:References
2153:Sotir Peçi
2145:Ndre Mjeda
2103:Ndre Mjeda
2027:humanities
2019:Jani Vreto
1932:literature
1922:Literature
1895:Motra Tone
1574:in schools
1466:, Shoshë,
1436:Young Turk
1323:Haxhi Zeka
1271:Montenegro
1145:Paramythia
1103:), Debar (
1095:), Gilan (
1091:), Üsküp (
1007:Montenegro
638:Background
589:where the
7903:Ukrainian
7878:Norwegian
7853:Icelandic
7848:Hungarian
7785:Bulgarian
7492:Athletics
7404:Tavë kosi
7296:Tradition
7262:Libraries
7220:Education
7029:Monuments
7011:Squatting
6989:Highrises
6884:Operators
6866:Companies
6723:Ombudsman
6663:Elections
6538:Judiciary
6472:Executive
6389:Mountains
6382:Landscape
6370:Geography
6251:Vlora War
6048:Taulantii
6023:Bylliones
5990:Illyrians
4887:9 January
4807:9 January
4489:cite book
4481:255273594
4017:ignored (
4007:cite book
2623:Cambridge
2615:(1999) .
2498:. Page 39
2458:. Page 34
2345:161310325
1941:Albanezul
1487:Podgorica
1451:Prishtina
1375:bastinado
1360:Macedonia
1315:Besa-Besë
1204:Podgorica
1153:Margariti
1085:Mitrovica
1067:, met in
990:Arbëreshë
942:, by the
896:Formation
765:Ali Pasha
753:1831–1878
384:Vlora War
226:Pashaliks
100:Illyricum
95:Macedonia
90:Illyrians
7838:Galician
7815:Estonian
7805:Croatian
7765:Asturian
7760:Armenian
7750:Albanian
7696:Category
7619:Passport
7597:armorial
7575:Heraldry
7517:Olympics
7512:Swimming
7471:Stadiums
7449:Football
7376:Xhamadan
7361:Xhubleta
7343:Costumes
7323:Religion
7282:Proverbs
7247:Language
7228:Alphabet
7210:Theatres
7159:Diaspora
7056:Churches
6974:Railways
6964:Aviation
6959:Highways
6849:Industry
6809:Taxation
6739:Military
6732:Security
6703:Abortion
6673:speakers
6668:Assembly
6643:Villages
6638:Communes
6623:Counties
6591:EURALIUS
6523:Treaties
6484:agencies
6460:Politics
6347:Archives
6342:Timeline
6330:See also
6043:Parthini
6038:Labeatae
6018:Balaites
6013:Amantini
5973:articles
5927:Albanian
5846:(2000).
4801:Archived
4770:spheres.
3393:schools.
2476:rilindja
2277:Tanzimat
2271:29750907
2191:See also
2184:Rilindas
2177:Istanbul
2169:Bashkimi
2165:Istanbul
2137:Bashkimi
1979:Bulgaria
1813:Albanian
1644:Albanian
1551:general
1531:Kastrati
1344:Kastoria
1287:Cyrillic
1256:Thessaly
1240:Ioannina
1161:Tepelenë
1149:Filiates
1109:Gostivar
1089:Vushtrri
1081:Pristina
1065:vilayets
1032:and the
1015:Bulgaria
977:Voltaire
932:Monastir
832:Istanbul
804:pashalik
694:Bulgaria
569:Rilindja
565:Albanian
523:Timeline
506:Military
112:Medieval
45:a series
43:Part of
7898:Turkish
7893:Serbian
7883:Occitan
7868:Latvian
7858:Italian
7832:Vormärz
7830:German
7825:Flemish
7820:Finnish
7797:(incl.
7790:Catalan
7780:Bengali
7673:Outline
7645:Smoking
7567:Symbols
7497:Cycling
7466:Players
7386:Cuisine
7351:Qeleshe
7242:Abetare
7234:scripts
7205:Museums
7173:Culture
7119:Society
7091:Beaches
7084:riviera
7046:Mosques
7041:Castles
7021:Tourism
6984:Tunnels
6979:Bridges
6796:Banking
6789:Finance
6777:Economy
6754:Prisons
6680:Members
6437:Habitat
6422:Climate
6404:Islands
6337:Origins
6033:Enchele
6008:Amantes
6003:Albanoi
5998:Ardiaei
5981:History
5969:Albania
3311:2491677
1874:Culture
1851:Albania
1817:Pleqësi
1773:Scutari
1607:amnesty
1582:Albania
1553:amnesty
1503:Mirditë
1455:Ferizaj
1439:Ottoman
1430:in 1910
1428:Ferizaj
1352:Photios
1336:Negovan
1236:Preveza
1232:Prizren
1228:Scutari
1220:Gusinje
1208:Gusinje
1165:Delvinë
1117:Kolonjë
1069:Prizren
928:Scutari
891:History
868:Çamëria
864:Delvinë
850:and in
848:Kolonjë
815:Scutari
809:vilayet
800:Bosnian
784:dynasty
769:Yannina
684:Albania
632:Albania
595:Albania
501:Economy
85:Illyria
56:Albania
7888:Polish
7863:Jewish
7795:Celtic
7770:Basque
7557:Cinema
7442:Sports
7409:Kabuni
7399:Gjellë
7371:Opinga
7328:Nevruz
7149:Tribes
7144:Census
7132:People
7051:Tekkes
6944:Mining
6876:Energy
6828:Retail
6744:Police
6394:Rivers
6211:Anthem
5971:
5901:
5876:
5858:
5832:
5811:
5796:(1–2).
5773:
5752:
5681:
5589:
5559:
5460:
5418:
5305:
5297:
5271:
5234:
5195:
5099:
5050:
5011:
4949:
4917:
4606:
4479:
4451:
4405:
4377:
4369:
4126:
4071:
3997:29 May
3901:
3893:
3842:
3798:
3718:
3710:
3456:
3384:
3345:
3337:
3309:
3218:
3179:
3171:
3079:
2971:
2899:
2830:
2633:
2595:
2564:
2537:
2343:
2269:
2159:, and
2129:Bitola
1809:Senate
1749:, and
1653:Skopje
1632:Skopje
1472:Mërtur
1275:Greece
1252:Ulcinj
1238:, and
1216:Epirus
1141:Përmet
1107:) and
1101:Bitola
1097:Gjilan
1093:Skopje
1077:Tetovo
1073:Kicevo
1061:Muslim
1038:Russia
1019:Greece
1017:, and
1011:Serbia
936:Janina
924:Kosovo
912:, and
819:Kosovo
806:, the
714:Serbia
699:Greece
689:Bosnia
658:, and
484:Topics
47:on the
7843:Greek
7810:Czech
7799:Irish
7680:Index
7633:Other
7552:Radio
7542:Music
7461:Clubs
7164:Women
6969:Ports
6901:OSHEE
6399:Lakes
5293:1983
3307:JSTOR
2794:[
2761:[
2742:(PDF)
2397:[
2364:[
2341:S2CID
2310:(PDF)
2303:(PDF)
2267:S2CID
2173:Agimi
1983:Egypt
1839:Vlorë
1784:Vlorë
1507:Orosh
1468:Nikaj
1464:Shalë
1283:Latin
1157:Vlorë
1133:Parga
1129:Berat
1121:Korçë
1105:Debar
963:at a
953:1830s
946:1878.
860:Vlorë
856:Berat
852:Dibër
836:Italy
773:Porte
617:at a
511:Names
7755:Arab
7585:list
7580:Flag
7424:Wine
7419:Beer
7414:Raki
7366:Brez
7308:Besa
6891:KESH
6801:Lek
6718:LGBT
6648:Maps
6618:NUTS
6596:SPAK
6496:list
5899:ISBN
5874:ISBN
5856:ISBN
5830:ISBN
5809:ISBN
5771:ISBN
5750:ISBN
5679:ISBN
5587:ISBN
5557:ISBN
5458:ISBN
5416:ISBN
5303:ISBN
5295:ISBN
5269:ISBN
5245:2011
5232:ISBN
5206:2011
5193:ISBN
5110:2011
5097:ISBN
5061:2011
5048:ISBN
5022:2011
5009:ISBN
4947:ISBN
4915:ISBN
4889:2011
4809:2011
4765:2011
4604:ISBN
4535:2016
4495:link
4477:OCLC
4449:ISBN
4403:ISBN
4375:ISBN
4367:ISBN
4124:ISBN
4069:ISBN
4030:link
4026:link
4019:help
3999:2012
3899:ISBN
3891:ISBN
3840:ISBN
3796:ISBN
3716:ISBN
3708:ISBN
3454:ISBN
3382:ISBN
3343:ISBN
3335:ISBN
3216:ISBN
3177:ISBN
3169:ISBN
3077:ISBN
2969:ISBN
2897:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2808:2014
2771:2014
2631:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2562:ISBN
2535:ISBN
2411:2014
2374:2014
2171:and
2013:and
1930:and
1879:Arts
1767:The
1638:The
1601:and
1493:and
1476:Pukë
1470:and
1453:and
1445:and
1396:1911
1394:and
1300:The
1260:Arta
1224:Plav
1212:Plav
1210:and
1163:and
1125:Arta
1043:The
979:and
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934:and
559:The
233:beys
7624:.al
7313:Oda
7182:Art
6906:ERE
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6568:KPK
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6558:IKP
6553:KPA
3299:doi
2333:doi
2257:doi
2119:by
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