769:. In the 14th century, Philadelphia was made the metropolis of Lydia by the Greek Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, a status that it still holds. It was granted this honour because the city did not capitulate to the Ottomans. The city was prosperous especially in the 13th and 14th centuries: there was a Genoese trading colony, and the city was an important producer of leather goods and red-dyed silk (whence, perhaps, its Turkish name, which probably means "red city"). By the 14th century, the city was surrounded by Ottoman emirates but maintained nominal allegiance to the Byzantine emperor. The city remained prosperous through trade and its strategic location.
55:
495:
1385:
3189:
72:
1447:
3379:
105:
2474:
630:
575:
2465:
2301:
1696:
725:, the Christian prophetess, was from Philadelphia, however. In about 600, the domed Basilica of St. John was built, remains of which are the main archaeological attraction in the modern city. The Byzantine walls that once surrounded the city have all but crumbled away. A few remnants are still visible at the northeast edge of town, near the bus stand. The city was taken by the Seljuk Turks in 1074 and 1093–1094. In 1098, during the
3276:
1569:
3292:
3244:
3228:
3196:
3260:
3212:
112:
79:
1980:
820:, Alaşehir was severely affected by a fire that broke out. Patrick Kinross wrote, "Alaşehir was no more than a dark scorched cavity, defacing the hillside. Village after village had been reduced to an ash-heap." It is estimated that some 3,000 people died, and 4,300 out of 4,500 buildings were destroyed in the burning of Alaşehir.
1442:(1336–1382): candidate for patriarchate in 1353, wrote Rhodonia (anthology of proverbs and gnomai), catenae ("chains", quotations from theologians attached to Bible verses) on Matthew and Luke, homilies, and a vita of St. Meletios of Galesios
1914:
356:, although cultivation for the fresh fruit market, less labour-intensive than the dried fruit, has gained prominence in recent decades. As Philadelphia, Alaşehir was a highly important center in the
1856:
681:
lasting "ten days", and
Philadelphia was promised a total exemption, or preservation, from temptation, Philadelphia shares with Smyrna the distinction of receiving nothing but praise from
536:(159–138 BC), whose loyalty earned him the nickname, "Philadelphos", literally meaning "one who loves his brother". The city is perhaps best known as the site of one of the
1413:
1403:
3545:
1393:
1439:
1523:
626:(literally, "temple-sweeper", caretaker of the temple). A small theatre, located at the northern edge of Toptepe Hill, is all that remains of Roman Philadelphia.
3575:
1553:
1423:
3580:
1436:(1283–1322): led defense of the city against Turkish attack in 1310; writings include religious poetry, monastic treatises, anti-Arsenite writings, letters
403:
with the Greek name "Philadelphia". According to numismatic evidence, Philadelphia was briefly given the Latin name "Neocaesarea" during the reigns of the
1468:
2197:
Orçun Erdoğan, "The
Remains from Late Antiquity and the East Roman Periods and Their Location within the Lydian City of Philadelphia: New Comments,"
1462:
1876:
The
Imperial Cult and the Development of Church: Order Concepts and Images of Authority in Paganism and Early Christianity Before the Age of Cyprian
1775:
831:("New Philadelphia"), is named from the Greek refugees from Alaşehir (in Greek known as "Philadelphia") who settled there following the war and the
3165:
140:
3336:
2346:
832:
3565:
2311:
1711:
54:
1716:
3003:
654:. Philadelphia is listed as the sixth church of the seven. A letter specifically addressed to the Philadelphian church is recorded in
3555:
717:" in the 6th century AD because of its festivals and temples. Presumably, that indicates that the city was not entirely converted to
702:
289:
784:. Prior to Bayezid I's conquest, it was the last Byzantine Greek stronghold in Asia Minor. Twelve years later, it was captured by
384:
The
Turkish name Alaşehir, which translates as "multicolored town", is first attested in the memoir of the 13th-century historian
3060:
2953:
1994:
3560:
3570:
3132:
2786:
2140:
1955:
1832:
3158:
1597:
520:
Alaşehir began as perhaps one of the first ancient cities with the name
Philadelphia. It was established in 189 BC by King
1989:
689:
churches sometimes use "Philadelphia" as a component in the local church's name as a way of emphasizing its faithfulness.
2906:
2841:
1967:
1920:
1034:
1000:
966:
932:
898:
3329:
2723:
2691:
2496:
864:
357:
2525:
2339:
2074:
817:
642:
Although several ancient cities bore the name of
Philadelphia, it is generally agreed to be the one listed among the
2114:
2089:
I. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, "Notes pour l'histoire d'Alaşehir (Philadelphie) au XIVe siècle." In H. Ahrweiler, 1984,
3540:
3151:
2128:
1587:
1582:
1427:
2024:
1897:
667:
71:
3188:
659:
288:. Its area is 971 km, and its population is 104,717 (2022). It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay (
3322:
2505:
1985:
1607:
1592:
104:
3530:
2332:
2567:
2409:
655:
235:
2285:
846:
3428:
1669:
1630:"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"
1482:
1433:
1367:
766:
2924:
2291:
2275:
3550:
2108:
2049:
2763:
2269:
1893:
1417:
1397:
1349:
470:(modern-day Bozdağ) in the rich valley of the Cogamis river, which was a southern tributary of the
17:
2859:
2210:
1656:
3433:
3110:
2806:
2575:
2254:
2169:
2008:
1493:
389:
365:
3504:
3438:
3174:
2811:
2473:
2177:
754:
643:
592:
537:
407:
3079:
2550:
3349:
3298:
2316:
2064:
1751:
1497:
610:
4.115). In response, the city granted honors to
Tiberius. Evidence from coinage reveals that
560:
483:
373:
2661:
2540:
2534:
1701:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
338:
in antiquity), presenting an imposing appearance when seen from a distance. It has about 45
3413:
3116:
3021:
777:
697:
Philadelphia remained a major
Christian center also after the New Testament period. One of
451:
320:
3525:
3068:
2816:
2556:
839:
8:
3499:
2988:
2630:
2492:
1407:
698:
568:
504:
431:). The town reverted to its original name Philadelphia after Claudius, but under Emperor
400:
304:
277:
182:
41:
3026:
2869:
2601:
2324:
1730:
1629:
788:, who built a wall with the corpses of his prisoners. Later, it passed into the rule of
753:
It was the centre of several revolts against ruling
Byzantine emperors: in 1182, led by
450:(i.e. "Flavia Philadelphia"). The town remained known as Philadelphia until the Ottoman
3423:
3086:
2961:
2896:
2874:
2251:
The
Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia And their place in the plan of the Apocalypse
2235:
1745:
1602:
1532:
1355:
758:
733:
651:
541:
3011:
2854:
789:
3418:
3368:
2976:
2776:
2136:
2070:
1951:
1930:
1828:
1792:
1784:
773:
730:
494:
330:
Alaşehir stands on elevated ground commanding the extensive and fertile plain of the
2864:
2821:
2655:
2614:
2595:
2581:
812:. In 1890, its population consisted of 17,000 Muslims and 4,000 Greeks according to
3043:
3032:
2982:
2971:
2966:
2942:
2919:
2800:
2794:
2757:
2739:
2706:
2675:
2668:
2638:
2588:
1474:
1384:
1363:
762:
361:
319:, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother"), the town was known as such until
272:
3314:
2620:
2404:
2257:, D.C.L, Litt.D., LL.D., Professor of Humanity in the University of Aberdeen, 1904
1824:
The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume VIII: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C.
1780:
3535:
3478:
3098:
3073:
3016:
2914:
2880:
2849:
2831:
2770:
2745:
2700:
2681:
2607:
2545:
2356:
2213:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
1822:
742:
552:
447:
350:
281:
187:
3038:
3104:
3092:
2891:
2886:
2826:
2751:
2732:
2712:
2649:
2284:
1909:
1901:
1574:
1501:
828:
809:
647:
343:
324:
312:
227:
3378:
1446:
772:
Philadelphia was an independent neutral city under the influence of the Latin
3519:
3408:
2993:
2936:
2930:
2643:
2305:
2103:
2093:. Centre de recherches d'histoire et de civilisation byzantines. Paris, p. 33
1934:
1905:
1889:
1818:
1814:
1796:
1707:
1702:
1541:
1049:
1036:
1015:
1002:
981:
968:
947:
934:
913:
900:
879:
866:
805:
726:
722:
596:
502:
Ancient episcopal sees of the late Roman province of Lydia are listed in the
475:
155:
142:
3398:
2434:
2394:
1859:. In Salazar, Christine F.; Landfester, Manfred; Gentry, Francis G. (eds.).
1659:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
666:
may lie behind the reference to making her church "a pillar in the temple" (
3049:
2444:
2424:
2414:
813:
718:
556:
467:
404:
293:
45:
2429:
2268:
1550:
João de Deus Ramalho, (9 Dec 1953 Appointed – 25 Feb 1958 )
1517:
Georg Christoph Rösch (16 Jul 1612 Appointed – 30 Nov 1634)
703:
epistles in early 2nd century was addressed to the Christians of that city
3483:
3143:
1486:
1372:
713:
Philadelphia was a prosperous Byzantine city that was called the "little
548:
509:
471:
369:
331:
532:
named the city for the love of his brother, who would be his successor,
3393:
3363:
1813:
Habicht, C. (1989). "The Seleucids and their rivals". In Astin, A. E.;
1720:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 472.
747:
686:
678:
663:
629:
574:
533:
529:
521:
223:
1538:
Agnello Renzullo (11 Apr 1924 Appointed – 20 Oct 1925 )
2464:
2454:
1636:
1520:
Michael Dalmeras (23 Oct 1623 Appointed – 13 Dec 1629)
781:
619:
615:
432:
218:
2399:
1547:
Pietro Zuccarino (5 Jan 1951 Appointed – 29 Nov 1953)
486:. Philadelphia was well known for its vulnerability to earthquakes.
3473:
3250:
3234:
2514:
2449:
2304: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2044:
1744:
1514:
Marcus Lyresius (8 Jan 1603 Appointed – 28 Jun 1611)
793:
611:
599:
525:
421:
410:
385:
297:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3403:
3346:
3202:
2439:
2419:
2389:
2379:
2374:
1529:
Domenico Pasi (9 Sep 1913 Appointed – 15 Dec 1919)
1504:
of Philadelphia since the 1500s. Catholic bishops have included:
1072:
633:
St. Jean Church, carved stone slab lying on the floor in Alaşehir
578:
St. Jean Church, carved stone slab lying on the floor in Alaşehir
353:
1888:
622:, Philadelphia housed an imperial cult. Its coins bore the word
559:
allies when he died in 133 BC. Rome established the province of
3463:
3448:
3266:
3218:
2360:
824:
736:. In the 11th to the 15th centuries AD, it was the seat of the
714:
682:
674:
588:
479:
342:. There are small industries and a fair trade. From one of the
339:
335:
285:
175:
1508:
Bernardo Jordán, (14 Apr 1535 Appointed – 1539)
765:. At that time, the bishopric of Philadelphia was promoted to
249:
785:
564:
463:
349:
Within Turkey, the city's name is synonymous with the dried
2104:"ALAŞEHİR Ege bölgesinde Manisa iline bağlı ilçe merkezi."
2354:
1544:(24 Jun 1926 Appointed – 13 Dec 1950 Died)
637:
555:, bequeathed his kingdom, including Philadelphia, to his
692:
591:(Pliny NH 5.111). In AD 17, the city suffered badly in
3275:
2149:
2091:
Philadelphie et autres études. Byzantina Sorbonensia 4
346:
comes a heavily charged water popular around Turkey.
1827:
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 376.
1564:
1556:(22 May 1958 Appointed – 26 Nov 1970)
618:, Philadelphia received his cognomen, Flavia. Under
3344:
1733:, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915).
1535:(7 Apr 1921 Appointed – 21 Dec 1923)
1526:(9 Sep 1904 Appointed – 28 Jul 1913)
587:Philadelphia was in the administrative district of
292:
in antiquity), at the foot of the Bozdağ Mountain (
3546:Populated places established in the 2nd century BC
1913:
1774:
2286:"Philadelphia. I. An ancient town of Lydia"
849:earthquake struck the city and killed 53 people.
3517:
2279:. Vol. I (9th ed.). 1878. p. 443.
59:Map showing Alaşehir District in Manisa Province
2489:
1352:(b. 490) ancient Greek administrator and writer
1343:
804:From 1867 until 1922, Alaşehir was part of the
474:(modern-day Gediz). It was located in southern
3576:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
606:2.47, cf. Strabo 12.8.18, 13.4.10, John Lydus
3330:
3159:
2340:
1489:since the Greco-Turkish population exchange.
833:population exchange between Greece and Turkey
3581:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
602:relieved it of having to pay taxes (Tacitus
368:until the early 20th century, and remains a
1450:Greek-Orthodox metropolises in Asia Minor,
27:District and municipality in Manisa, Turkey
3337:
3323:
3173:
3166:
3152:
2347:
2333:
2135:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 318.
1984:
1921:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
857:For survey of remains see Erdoğan (2015).
498:Church of St John, Philadelphia (Alaşehir)
2013:The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia
1854:
852:
708:
462:Philadelphia was historically located in
2309:
2117:, Centre for Islamic Studies. 1988–2016.
1742:
1706:
1689:
1687:
1445:
1383:
628:
573:
493:
364:periods. It remained a strong center of
296:in antiquity). The town is connected to
2127:
2062:
1995:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1812:
1477:(1685), deposed for becoming a Catholic
515:
442:), the town used the Latin appellation
300:by a 105 km (65 mi) railway.
14:
3518:
1772:
1624:
1622:
638:Philadelphia in the Book of Revelation
3318:
3147:
2328:
1873:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1808:
1806:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1684:
1511:Philippe Musnier (15 Jun 1545 –)
1481:Philadelphia remains the seat of the
1465:(1577) wrote works against the Latins
582:
271:
1929:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 346.
1755:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1598:Early Christian art and architecture
792:until it was ultimately captured by
693:Philadelphia in Patristic literature
3566:Populated places in Manisa Province
2199:Mediterranean Journal of Humanities
1619:
1492:Although the Philadelphia area was
24:
2472:
2463:
2170:"M 6.7 - 9 km WSW of Kula, Turkey"
2069:. Wildside Press LLC. p. 89.
1961:
1841:
1803:
1759:
1379:
25:
3592:
2261:
1950:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
761:, a local Philadelphian, against
197:971 km (375 sq mi)
3556:Roman towns and cities in Turkey
3377:
3291:
3290:
3274:
3258:
3243:
3242:
3227:
3226:
3210:
3194:
3187:
2299:
2133:Atatürk: The Rebirth of a Nation
1978:
1958:), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013
1783:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
1749:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1694:
1672:. General Directorate of Mapping
1567:
1471:(1679), author of numerous works
799:
757:, and 1188–1205 or 1206, led by
111:
110:
103:
78:
77:
70:
53:
3195:
2229:
2216:
2204:
2191:
2162:
2121:
2096:
2083:
2056:
2038:
2029:
2018:
2002:
1972:
1941:
1882:
1867:
1588:Christianity in the 2nd century
1583:Christianity in the 1st century
1428:Third Council of Constantinople
1375:, Turkish president and general
437:
426:
415:
394:
388:. The town was founded by King
3283:Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir)
3259:
3211:
1791:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
1736:
1724:
1662:
1650:
1066:
13:
1:
3561:Catholic titular sees in Asia
2244:
1608:List of earthquakes in Turkey
1593:Early centers of Christianity
1451:
838:The city was the site of the
3571:Districts of Manisa Province
1344:Notable people from Alaşehir
746:(military commander) of the
457:
7:
3133:Metropolitan municipalities
2224:The Ecumenical Patriarchate
2222:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).
2066:The Ecumenical Patriarchate
2063:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).
1855:Olshausen, Eckhart (2006).
1560:
685:. That explains why modern
466:near the northeast foot of
10:
3597:
3429:Alexandria in the Caucasus
2238:at catholic-hierarchy.org.
2115:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
1670:"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri"
1657:Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi
1483:Metropolis of Philadelphia
1434:Theoleptus of Philadelphia
489:
3492:
3386:
3375:
3356:
3181:
3129:
3059:
3002:
2952:
2905:
2840:
2785:
2722:
2690:
2629:
2566:
2524:
2504:
2488:
2484:
2461:
2367:
2109:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam
1773:Berger, Albrecht (2010).
816:. Through the end of the
673:Aside from the fact that
662:). The city's history of
553:Attalid kings of Pergamum
478:, on the road connecting
316:
244:
234:
217:
209:
201:
193:
181:
171:
136:
127:Show map of Turkey Aegean
64:
52:
39:
32:
2113:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
1948:Annuario Pontificio 2013
1613:
1500:have maintained a rival
1418:First Council of Ephesus
1398:Council of Philippopolis
1362:(born in 12th century),
1350:Joannes Laurentius Lydus
963:Necropolis and hypogea (
276:) is a municipality and
124:Alaşehir (Turkey Aegean)
3434:Alexandria on the Indus
2292:The American Cyclopædia
2276:Encyclopædia Britannica
1717:Encyclopædia Britannica
1440:Macarius Chrysocephalas
1050:38.349191°N 28.517434°E
1016:38.350563°N 28.523595°E
982:38.348176°N 28.507955°E
948:38.345505°N 28.514556°E
914:38.345633°N 28.511265°E
880:38.345933°N 28.513970°E
614:helped the city; under
563:in 129 BC by combining
390:Attalus II Philadelphus
379:
213:110/km (280/sq mi)
3541:180s BC establishments
3505:Alexandropolis Maedica
3439:Alexandria Prophthasia
3175:Seven churches of Asia
2478:
2468:
2310:Pétridès, S. (1913). "
2226:. Wildside Press. p89.
2178:U.S. Geological Survey
2050:Historia Ecclesiastica
2035:Lydus de mensibus 4.58
1998:. London: John Murray.
1817:; Frederiksen, M. W.;
1789:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1458:
1389:
1075:in Alaşehir District:
997:Byzantine city walls (
853:Archaeological remains
755:John Komnenos Vatatzes
729:, it was recovered by
709:Byzantine Philadelphia
634:
579:
549:Attalus III Philometer
538:seven churches of Asia
499:
397: 159–138 BC
269:Turkish pronunciation:
3459:Laodicea in Phoenicia
3004:Central East Anatolia
2476:
2467:
2317:Catholic Encyclopedia
1878:. Brill. p. 188.
1874:Brent, Allen (1999).
1752:Catholic Encyclopedia
1743:Pétridès, S. (1913).
1554:Augustin Arce Mostajo
1498:Roman Catholic Church
1449:
1387:
1366:military officer and
1031:Basilica of St John (
632:
577:
497:
374:Roman Catholic Church
366:Orthodox Christianity
3414:Alexandria Arachosia
2201:5/2 (2015): 251-274.
1746:"Philadelphia"
1055:38.349191; 28.517434
1021:38.350563; 28.523595
987:38.348176; 28.507955
953:38.345505; 28.514556
919:38.345633; 28.511265
885:38.345933; 28.513970
778:it was taken in 1390
516:Ancient Philadelphia
210: • Density
3500:Antigonia (Paeonia)
2477:Districts of Manisa
2174:earthquake.usgs.gov
2015:(1904), p. 391-412.
1988:, ed. (1854–1857).
1485:, which has been a
1408:Council of Seleucia
1388:Church of St. John.
1046: /
1012: /
978: /
944: /
910: /
876: /
699:Ignatius of Antioch
569:Kingdom of Pergamon
505:Annuario Pontificio
273:[aˈɫaʃehiɾ]
152: /
3424:Alexandria Eschate
3061:Southeast Anatolia
2954:Northeast Anatolia
2479:
2469:
1898:Lévi-Provençal, E.
1779:. In Fleet, Kate;
1603:Early Christianity
1533:Francis Vazhapilly
1459:
1390:
1356:Theodore Mangaphas
759:Theodore Mangaphas
652:Book of Revelation
635:
583:Roman Philadelphia
580:
551:, the last of the
542:Book of Revelation
500:
448:the imperial house
94:Show map of Turkey
91:Location in Turkey
3531:Alaşehir District
3513:
3512:
3419:Alexandria Ariana
3369:Ptolemais Hermiou
3312:
3311:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3125:
3124:
2270:"Ala-Shehr"
2142:978-0-297-82036-9
1956:978-88-209-9070-1
1861:Brill's New Pauly
1834:978-0-5212-3448-1
1475:Meletius Typaldus
1469:Gerasimus Blachus
895:Ancient Stadium (
861:Ancient Theater (
840:Alaşehir Congress
818:Greco-Turkish War
774:Knights of Rhodes
731:Byzantine Emperor
656:Revelation 3:7–13
547:Lacking an heir,
262:
261:
156:38.350°N 28.517°E
16:(Redirected from
3588:
3551:Attalid colonies
3454:Laodicea Paralos
3381:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3294:
3293:
3278:
3277:
3262:
3261:
3246:
3245:
3230:
3229:
3214:
3213:
3198:
3197:
3191:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3131:
2787:Central Anatolia
2486:
2485:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2100:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2060:
2054:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1917:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1839:
1838:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1778:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1626:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1456:
1453:
1406:(deposed at the
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
993:
992:
990:
989:
988:
983:
979:
976:
975:
974:
971:
959:
958:
956:
955:
954:
949:
945:
942:
941:
940:
937:
929:Ancient Temple (
925:
924:
922:
921:
920:
915:
911:
908:
907:
906:
903:
891:
890:
888:
887:
886:
881:
877:
874:
873:
872:
869:
763:Isaac II Angelos
441:
439:
430:
428:
419:
417:
398:
396:
321:it was conquered
318:
275:
270:
258:
255:
253:
251:
167:
166:
164:
163:
162:
157:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
128:
114:
113:
107:
95:
81:
80:
74:
57:
30:
29:
21:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3488:
3479:Seleucia Pieria
3382:
3373:
3352:
3343:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3279:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3199:
3177:
3172:
3142:
3137:
3121:
3055:
2998:
2948:
2901:
2836:
2781:
2718:
2686:
2625:
2562:
2520:
2500:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2363:
2357:Manisa Province
2353:
2300:
2283:
2267:
2264:
2247:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2126:
2122:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2061:
2057:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2025:Revelation 1:11
2023:
2019:
2007:
2003:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1968:Revelation 1:11
1966:
1962:
1946:
1942:
1912:, eds. (1960).
1887:
1883:
1872:
1868:
1863:. Brill Online.
1853:
1842:
1835:
1811:
1804:
1785:Rowson, Everett
1771:
1760:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1710:, ed. (1911). "
1695:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1463:Gabrius Severus
1454:
1382:
1380:Notable bishops
1364:Byzantine Greek
1346:
1341:
1069:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1001:
999:
998:
986:
984:
980:
977:
972:
969:
967:
965:
964:
952:
950:
946:
943:
938:
935:
933:
931:
930:
918:
916:
912:
909:
904:
901:
899:
897:
896:
884:
882:
878:
875:
870:
867:
865:
863:
862:
855:
802:
743:stratopedarches
740:(governor) and
711:
695:
668:Revelation 3:12
640:
585:
567:and the former
518:
492:
460:
436:
425:
414:
393:
382:
358:Early Christian
344:mineral springs
282:Manisa Province
268:
248:
160:
158:
154:
151:
146:
143:
141:
139:
138:
132:
131:
130:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:
119:
115:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
87:
86:
82:
60:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3594:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3107:
3102:
3095:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2907:East Black Sea
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2842:West Black Sea
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2576:Afyonkarahisar
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2482:
2481:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2297:
2281:
2263:
2262:External links
2260:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2228:
2215:
2203:
2190:
2161:
2148:
2141:
2120:
2095:
2082:
2075:
2055:
2037:
2028:
2017:
2001:
1986:Smith, William
1971:
1960:
1940:
1915:"Ala S̲h̲ehir"
1894:Kramers, J. H.
1890:Gibb, H. A. R.
1881:
1866:
1857:"Philadelphia"
1840:
1833:
1819:Ogilvie, R. M.
1815:Walbank, F. W.
1802:
1781:Krämer, Gudrun
1758:
1735:
1723:
1708:Chisholm, Hugh
1683:
1661:
1649:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:History portal
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1502:titular bishop
1479:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1358:known also as
1353:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
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1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:Horzumkeserler
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
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1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:neighbourhoods
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1029:
995:
961:
927:
893:
854:
851:
829:Nea Filadelfia
810:Ottoman Empire
801:
798:
710:
707:
694:
691:
677:was warned of
660:Revelation 3:9
646:written to by
644:seven churches
639:
636:
584:
581:
528:(197–160 BC).
517:
514:
491:
488:
459:
456:
381:
378:
260:
259:
246:
242:
241:
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232:
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207:
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161:38.350; 28.517
134:
133:
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117:
116:
109:
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90:
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58:
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40:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3593:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3340:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3300:
3284:
3268:
3252:
3236:
3220:
3204:
3190:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3134:
3128:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:Kahramanmaraş
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2724:Mediterranean
2721:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2692:West Anatolia
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
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2539:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2466:
2456:
2453:
2451:
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2443:
2441:
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2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
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2383:
2381:
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2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2306:public domain
2298:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2256:
2252:
2249:
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2207:
2200:
2194:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:Kinross, Lord
2124:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2076:9781434458766
2072:
2068:
2067:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1703:public domain
1690:
1688:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1638:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1565:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:Luigi Mazzini
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:William Giles
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:Morotheodoros
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:Kestanederesi
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:Horzumsazdere
1199:
1196:
1194:Horzumembelli
1193:
1191:Horzumalayaka
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1071:There are 87
1059:
1030:
1025:
996:
991:
962:
957:
928:
923:
894:
889:
860:
859:
858:
850:
848:
847:magnitude 6.7
843:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
806:Aidin Vilayet
800:Modern period
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
744:
739:
735:
732:
728:
727:First Crusade
724:
720:
716:
706:
704:
700:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
631:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:
597:Roman Emperor
594:
593:an earthquake
590:
576:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
513:
511:
507:
506:
496:
487:
485:
481:
477:
476:Catacecaumene
473:
469:
465:
455:
453:
449:
445:
434:
423:
412:
409:
406:
402:
391:
387:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
266:
257:
247:
243:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
186:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
165:
137:Coordinates:
135:
106:
73:
63:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
3469:Philadelphia
3468:
3399:Alexandretta
3345:Hellenistic/
3282:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3078:
3048:
3031:
2981:
2941:
2929:
2879:
2799:
2769:
2762:
2750:
2738:
2731:
2711:
2699:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2648:
2631:East Marmara
2613:
2606:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2555:
2533:
2526:West Marmara
2513:
2490:
2384:
2355:Alaşehir in
2315:
2312:Philadelphia
2290:
2274:
2255:W. M. Ramsay
2250:
2236:Philadelphia
2231:
2223:
2218:
2206:
2198:
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2173:
2164:
2156:
2151:
2132:
2123:
2111:(44+2 vols.)
2107:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2065:
2058:
2048:
2040:
2031:
2020:
2012:
2009:W. M. Ramsay
2004:
1993:
1974:
1963:
1947:
1943:
1926:
1919:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1823:
1788:
1750:
1738:
1731:Philadelphia
1726:
1715:
1674:. Retrieved
1664:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1491:
1480:
1359:
1188:Hacıhaliller
1149:Dağhacıyusuf
1137:Çarıkkaralar
1122:Caberkonaklı
1070:
856:
844:
837:
823:A suburb of
822:
814:Vital Cuinet
803:
771:
752:
741:
737:
719:Christianity
712:
696:
672:
641:
623:
607:
603:
586:
546:
519:
510:titular sees
503:
501:
472:Hermus River
468:Mount Tmolus
461:
443:
440: 69–79
429: 41–54
418: 37–41
383:
348:
329:
309:Philadelphia
308:
302:
294:Mount Tmolus
264:
263:
46:municipality
3484:Serraepolis
3135:are bolded.
1910:Pellat, Ch.
1902:Schacht, J.
1494:an Orthodox
1487:titular see
1455: 1880
1373:Kenan Evren
1230:Kavaklıdere
1134:Çarıkbozdağ
1119:Caberfakılı
1116:Caberburhan
1067:Composition
1053: /
1019: /
985: /
951: /
917: /
883: /
845:In 1969, a
664:earthquakes
608:de mensibus
370:titular see
332:Gediz River
317:Φιλαδέλφεια
303:Founded in
159: /
3520:Categories
3394:Ai-Khanoum
3364:Alexandria
3347:Macedonian
3080:Diyarbakır
2551:Kırklareli
2435:Şehzadeler
2395:Gölmarmara
2245:References
1776:"Alaşehir"
1496:area, the
1414:Theophanes
1404:Theodosius
1320:Uluderbent
1290:Serinyayla
1152:Delemenler
1140:Çarıktekke
1128:Çakırcaali
1101:Bahçeliköy
1041:28°31′03″E
1038:38°20′57″N
1007:28°31′25″E
1004:38°21′02″N
973:28°30′29″E
970:38°20′53″N
939:28°30′52″E
936:38°20′44″N
905:28°30′41″E
902:38°20′44″N
871:28°30′50″E
868:38°20′45″N
767:metropolis
748:Thrakesion
687:Protestant
679:temptation
534:Attalus II
530:Eumenes II
522:Eumenes II
202:Population
3111:Şanlıurfa
3087:Gaziantep
2925:Gümüşhane
2897:Zonguldak
2875:Kastamonu
2807:Kırıkkale
2662:Eskişehir
2541:Çanakkale
2535:Balıkesir
2493:provinces
2455:Yunusemre
2430:Saruhanlı
2410:Köprübaşı
2368:Districts
2183:6 January
2159:, p. 343.
1935:495469456
1925:Volume I:
1906:Lewis, B.
1797:1873-9830
1712:Ala-Shehr
1335:Yeşilyurt
1305:Soğukyurt
1293:Şeyhsinan
1278:Sarıpınar
1269:Piyadeler
1257:Narlıdere
1221:Karacalar
1212:İsmailbey
1173:Gülenyaka
1110:Belenyaka
1098:Bahçedere
842:in 1919.
835:of 1923.
782:Bayezid I
734:Alexios I
620:Caracalla
616:Vespasian
458:Geography
454:in 1390.
446:to honor
433:Vespasian
362:Byzantine
327:in 1390.
305:antiquity
252:.alasehir
236:Area code
219:Time zone
3526:Alaşehir
3474:Seleucia
3350:colonies
3299:Laodicea
3251:Thyatira
3235:Pergamon
3069:Adıyaman
2977:Erzincan
2817:Nevşehir
2812:Kırşehir
2777:Osmaniye
2557:Tekirdağ
2515:Istanbul
2506:Istanbul
2491:List of
2450:Turgutlu
2405:Kırkağaç
2385:Alaşehir
2131:(1960).
2045:Eusebius
1821:(eds.).
1787:(eds.).
1561:See also
1426:(at the
1416:(at the
1396:(at the
1394:Cyriacus
1338:Yuvacalı
1314:Toygarlı
1287:Serinköy
1266:Osmaniye
1263:Örnekköy
1254:Menderes
1248:Kurudere
1245:Kurtuluş
1233:Kemaliye
1218:İstasyon
1215:İsmetiye
1179:Gümüşçay
1176:Gülpınar
1158:Esentepe
1146:Dağarlar
1131:Çamlıbel
1125:Çağlayan
1113:Beşeylül
1080:Akkeçili
794:Murad II
624:Neokoron
612:Caligula
600:Tiberius
526:Pergamon
484:Laodicea
452:conquest
422:Claudius
411:Caligula
408:emperors
401:Pergamon
386:Ibn Bibi
325:Ottomans
278:district
265:Alaşehir
183:Province
118:Alaşehir
85:Alaşehir
42:District
34:Alaşehir
18:Alasehir
3444:Attalia
3404:Antioch
3203:Ephesus
3044:Tunceli
3033:Malatya
3027:Hakkâri
2983:Erzurum
2972:Bayburt
2967:Ardahan
2943:Trabzon
2920:Giresun
2870:Karabük
2860:Çankırı
2801:Kayseri
2795:Aksaray
2758:Isparta
2740:Antalya
2707:Karaman
2676:Sakarya
2669:Kocaeli
2639:Bilecik
2602:Kütahya
2589:Denizli
2440:Selendi
2425:Sarıgöl
2420:Salihli
2390:Demirci
2380:Akhisar
2375:Ahmetli
2308::
2295:. 1879.
2211:Mahalle
2157:Atatürk
2155:Mango,
1705::
1676:12 July
1642:12 July
1368:usurper
1332:Yeniköy
1317:Türkmen
1311:Tepeköy
1302:Soğuksu
1299:Soğanlı
1275:Sakarya
1260:Örencik
1251:Matarlı
1242:Kozluca
1227:Kasaplı
1224:Karadağ
1209:Işıklar
1185:Hacıbey
1170:Göbekli
1167:Girelli
1161:Evrenli
1155:Erenköy
1143:Çeşneli
1104:Baklacı
1095:Bahadır
1092:Badınca
1089:Azıtepe
1086:Aydoğdu
808:of the
776:, when
750:theme.
650:in the
604:Annales
540:in the
490:History
372:of the
354:raisins
351:Sultana
340:mosques
323:by the
290:Cogamus
245:Website
205:104,717
172:Country
147:28°31′E
144:38°21′N
3536:189 BC
3493:Europe
3464:Nicaea
3449:Edessa
3409:Apamea
3357:Africa
3267:Sardis
3219:Smyrna
3117:Şırnak
3099:Mardin
3074:Batman
3022:Elazığ
3017:Bitlis
3012:Bingöl
2915:Artvin
2881:Samsun
2855:Bartın
2850:Amasya
2832:Yozgat
2771:Mersin
2746:Burdur
2701:Ankara
2682:Yalova
2608:Manisa
2568:Aegean
2546:Edirne
2497:region
2400:Gördes
2361:Turkey
2139:
2073:
1990:"Asia"
1983:
1954:
1933:
1908:&
1831:
1795:
1699:
1430:, 680)
1420:, 431)
1410:, 359)
1400:, 344)
1329:Yenice
1323:Üzümlü
1308:Subaşı
1296:Sobran
1281:Sarısu
1272:Şahyar
1239:Killik
825:Athens
790:Junayd
715:Athens
683:Christ
675:Smyrna
595:, and
589:Sardis
480:Sardis
444:Flavia
420:) and
336:Hermus
286:Turkey
188:Manisa
176:Turkey
3105:Siirt
3093:Kilis
2989:Iğdır
2892:Tokat
2887:Sinop
2865:Çorum
2827:Sivas
2822:Niğde
2752:Hatay
2733:Adana
2713:Konya
2656:Düzce
2650:Bursa
2615:Muğla
2596:İzmir
2582:Aydın
2053:5.17.
1633:(XLS)
1614:Notes
1284:Selce
1206:Ilıca
1203:Ilgın
1182:Gürsu
1164:Fatih
1107:Barış
1083:Alhan
786:Timur
723:Ammia
565:Ionia
557:Roman
464:Lydia
405:Roman
399:) of
313:Greek
298:İzmir
224:UTC+3
3387:Asia
2994:Kars
2962:Ağrı
2937:Rize
2931:Ordu
2644:Bolu
2621:Uşak
2445:Soma
2415:Kula
2185:2022
2137:ISBN
2071:ISBN
1952:ISBN
1931:OCLC
1829:ISBN
1793:ISSN
1678:2023
1644:2023
1637:TÜİK
1424:John
1326:Yeni
738:doux
648:John
561:Asia
482:and
380:Name
360:and
254:.bel
240:0236
194:Area
44:and
3050:Van
3039:Muş
2495:by
2359:of
2314:".
1927:A–B
1714:".
780:by
701:'s
670:).
524:of
508:as
307:as
280:of
256:.tr
250:www
228:TRT
3522::
2289:.
2273:.
2253:,
2176:.
2172:.
2106:.
2047:,
2011:,
1992:.
1923:.
1918:.
1904:;
1900:;
1896:;
1892:;
1843:^
1805:^
1761:^
1686:^
1635:.
1621:^
1452:c.
827:,
796:.
721:.
705:.
571:.
544:.
512::
438:r.
427:r.
416:r.
395:r.
376:.
315::
284:,
3338:e
3331:t
3324:v
3167:e
3160:t
3153:v
2348:e
2341:t
2334:v
2320:.
2187:.
2145:.
2079:.
1937:.
1837:.
1799:.
1680:.
1646:.
1457:.
1062:)
1028:)
994:)
960:)
926:)
892:)
658:(
435:(
424:(
413:(
392:(
334:(
311:(
267:(
230:)
226:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
