1663:
2985:. 1. vol.: A-Beo. Eberhard Brockhaus, Wiesbaden 1953, p. 315. "Ihre dankbarsten und verständnisvollsten Schüler aber fand die hellenistische Kultur in den Römern; sie wurden Mäzene, Nachahmer und schließlich Konkurrenten, indem sie die eigene Sprache wetteifernd neben die griechische setzten: so wurde die antike Kultur zweisprachig, griechisch und lateinisch. Das System dieser griechisch-hellenistisch-römischen Kultur, das sich in der römischen Kaiserzeit abschließend gestaltete, enthielt, neben Elementen des Orients, die griechische Wissenschaft und Philosophie, Dichtung, Geschichtsschreibung, Rhetorik und bildende Kunst." (
3009:, Amsterdam 1939, p. 113. "Es ist ein merkwürdiges Schauspiel – dieser Kampf eines bewussten Römertums gegen die geriebene Gewandtheit des Hellenismus: der römische Geschmack wehrt sich und verbohrt sich trotzig in sich selbst, aber es fällt ihm nicht genug ein, er kann nicht über seine Grenzen weg; was die Griechen bieten, hat soviel Reiz und Bequemlichkeit. In der bildenden Kunst und in der Philosophie gab das Römertum zuerst den Kampf um seine Selbständigkeit auf – Bilden um des Bildes willen, Forschen und Grübeln, theoretische Wahrheitssuche und Spekulation lagen ihm durchaus nicht." (
1007:
65:
120:
3011:"It is a strange spectacle: this fight of a conscious Roman striving against the wily ingenuity of Hellenism. The Roman taste offers resistance, defiantly goes mad about itself, but there does not come enough into its mind, it is not able to overcome its limits; there is so much charm and so much comfort in what the Greeks afford. In visual arts and philosophy, Romanism first abandoned the struggle for its independence – forming for the sake of the form, poring and investigation, theoretical speculation and hunt for truth were by no means in its line."
1182:
2971:"Determinant remained the Italic-Roman spirit, that just availed itself of the borrowed forms. (...) Without having come across , the Italic–Roman spirit would hardly have been able to express itself in works of art and would not have got beyond the starts that are preserved in the canopic jars of Chiusi, the Capitoline Wolf, the Warrior of Capestrano. Also the likewise realistic and inartistic conception and production of the portraits in the second and the first centuries BC could only change under the influence of Greek forms."
1389:
2987:"The Hellenistic culture but found its most thankful and its most understanding disciples in the Romans; they became patrons, imitators, and finally rivals, when they competitively set the own language beside the Greek: thus, the antique culture became bilingual, Greek and Latin. The system of this Greco-Latin culture, that assumed its definitive shape in the Roman imperial period, contained, amongst elements of the Orient, the Greek science and philosophy, poetry, historiography, rhetoric and visual arts."
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Clare, I. S. (1906). Library of universal history: containing a record of the human race from the earliest historical period to the present time; embracing a general survey of the progress of mankind in national and social life, civil government, religion, literature, science and art. New York: Union
1871:
in Latin, actually referred to those who were subject to the authority of a male head of household. This included non-related members such as slaves and servants. By marriage, both men and women shared property. Divorce was allowed first during the first century BC and could be done by either man or
2069:
remained the only unconquered large urban site of the original Roman empire, as well as being the largest city in Europe. Yet many classical books, sculptures, and technologies survived there along with classical Roman cuisine and scholarly traditions, well into the Middle Ages, when much of it was
3316:
United Center for
Research and Training in History. (1973). Bulgarian historical review. Sofia: Pub. House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]. p. 43. (cf. ... in the history of Europe, which marks both the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages, is the fall of the Western
3125:
Radner, K. 2010: "The Stele of Sargon II of
Assyria at Kition: A focus for an emerging Cypriot identity?", in R. Rollinger, B. Gufler, M. Lang, I. Madreiter (eds), Interkulturalität in der Alten Welt: Vorderasien, Hellas, Ägypten und die vielfältigen Ebenen des Kontakts, Wiesbaden,
2953:. p. 192. "Bestimmend blieb (...) der italisch-römische Geist, der sich der entlehnten Formen nur bediente. (...) Ohne Begegnung hätte der italisch-römische Geist sich wohl kaum in künstlerischen Schöpfungen ausdrücken können und wäre nicht über die Ansätze, die wir in den
1994:
faith from 634 to 718. These Muslim conquests, of Syria (637), Egypt (639), Cyprus (654), North Africa (665), Hispania (718), Southern Gaul (720), Crete (820), and Sicily (827), Malta (870), as well as the sieges of the
Eastern Roman capital
2058:, who reigned during this period, conducted his court in Greek, not Latin, though Greek had always been an administrative language of the eastern Roman regions. Eastern-Western associations weakened with the ending of the
1285:
had established political control in the region by the late 7th-century BC, forming the aristocratic and monarchial elite. The
Etruscans apparently lost power in the area by the late 6th-century BC, and at this time, the
2234:
idea that the classical Roman virtues had been lost as a result of medievalism was especially powerful in
European politics of the 18th and 19th centuries. Reverence for Roman republicanism was strong among the
1666:
The extent of the Roman
Republic and Roman Empire in 218 BC (dark red), 133 BC (light red), 44 BC (orange), 14 AD (yellow), after 14 AD (green), and maximum extension under Trajan 117 (light
1370:), summoned the Senate and had Superbus and the monarchy expelled from Rome in 510 BC. After Superbus' expulsion, the Senate in 509 BC voted to never again allow the rule of a king and reformed Rome into a
2127:
In politics, the late Roman conception of the Empire as a universal state, commanded by one supreme divinely appointed ruler, united with
Christianity as a universal religion likewise headed by a supreme
2163:
was the Empire's highest-ranked cleric, but even he was subordinate to the emperor, who was "God's
Vicegerent on Earth". The Greek-speaking Byzantines and their descendants continued to call themselves
149:
2152:
who outranks a king dates from this period. In this political ideal, there would always be a Roman Empire, a state the jurisdiction of which extended through the entire civilized western world.
903:
this culture throughout Europe, until they were able to compete with it. This Greco-Roman cultural foundation has been immensely influential on the language, politics, law, educational systems,
2338:. Such a wide sampling of history and territory covers many rather disparate cultures and periods. "Classical antiquity" often refers to an idealized vision of later people, of what was, in
1867:
Classical Rome had vast differences within their family life compared to the Greeks. Fathers had great power over their children, and husbands over their wives. In fact, the word family,
1354:, Superbus was of Etruscan birth. It was during his reign that the Etruscans reached their apex of power. Superbus removed and destroyed all the Sabine shrines and altars from the
2288:. During the revolution, France transitioned from kingdom to republic to dictatorship to Empire (complete with Imperial Eagles) that the Romans had experienced centuries earlier.
2070:"rediscovered" by visiting Western crusaders. Indeed, the inhabitants of Constantinople continued to refer to themselves as Romans, as did their eventual conquerors in 1453, the
1695:
to the dominant force in Italy and beyond. The unification of Italy by the Romans was a gradual process, brought about by a series of conflicts of the 4th and 3rd centuries, the
990:
is usually assumed to have lived during the 8th or 7th century BC, and his lifetime is often considered as the beginning of classical antiquity. During the same period is the
9350:
2038:
resulted in the Slavic invasion of the
Balkans and the weakening of Balkan and Greek urban culture (resulting in the flight of Balkan Latin speakers to the mountains, see
1561:. The classical Greek period conventionally ends at the death of Alexander in 323 BC and the fragmentation of his empire, which was at this time divided among the
3439:
2219:
The political idea of an
Emperor in the West to match the Emperor in the East continued after the Western Roman Empire's collapse; it was revived by the coronation of
1770:
still existed, albeit protected by their extraordinary powers, and would eventually return to its earlier Republican form. The Roman state continued to term itself a
2543:
2082:.) The classical scholarship and culture that was still preserved in Constantinople were brought by refugees fleeing its conquest in 1453 and helped to begin the
11172:
2620:
1757:
The precise end of the Republic is disputed by modern historians; Roman citizens of the time did not recognize that the Republic had ceased to exist. The early
950:
6826:
2946:
2759:
The precise end date of this period is disputed, with estimates ranging from the 3rd-8th centuries AD. Traditionally, it is given as the late 5th century AD.
11162:
2569:
2003:) severed the economic, cultural, and political links that had traditionally united the classical cultures around the Mediterranean, ending antiquity (see
2930:
3116:
Yon, M., Malbran-Labat, F. 1995: "La stèle de Sargon II à Chypre", in A. Caubet (ed.), Khorsabad, le Palais de Sargon II, Roi d'Assyrie, Paris, 159–179.
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1971:
Many writers have attempted to name a specific date for the symbolic "end" of antiquity, with the most prominent dates being the deposing of the last
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of the 7th century finalized the irreversible loss of all the largest Eastern Roman imperial cities besides the capital itself. The emperor
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Surviving fragments of classical culture helped produce a revival beginning during the 14th century which later came to be known as the
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2593:
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2564:
2563:
11117:
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form of government and the Imperial period. During the half millennium of the Republic, Rome increased from a regional power of the
1400:
The classical period of Ancient Greece corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC, in particular, from the end of the
946:
10391:
7260:
2577:
2572:
2529:
144:
2132:, proved very influential, even after the disappearance of imperial authority in the west. This tendency reached its maximum when
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that resulted in the changeover between classical antiquity and medieval society and no specific date can truly exemplify that.
695:
10479:
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6899:
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2000:
947:
2026:
The original Roman Senate continued to express decrees into the late 6th century, and the last Eastern Roman emperor to use
1232:
rather than the simplistic movement of tribes, which characterised the aforementioned earlier migrations. Many colonies, or
11258:
8637:
8512:
7665:
4792:
3613:
3328:
1996:
265:
2891:
The Roman Empire and the Silk Routes: The Ancient World Economy & the Empires of Parthia, Central Asia & Han China
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498:
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17:
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4797:
4731:
3237:
3193:
2613:
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France, republicanism and Roman martial virtues were promoted by the state, as can be seen in the architecture of the
948:
672:
581:
11222:
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7317:
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6879:
6855:
6706:
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4777:
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3338:
3169:
3023:
2902:
2873:
2844:
2615:
2087:
2608:
2578:
2198:
Despite the fact that the Western Roman secular authority disappeared entirely in Europe, it still left traces. The
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in which all the great eastern cities except Constantinople were lost. The resulting turmoil did not end until the
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Book. p. 1519 (cf., Ancient history, as we have already seen, ended with the fall of the Western Roman Empire; )
1723:. This tremendous increase of power was accompanied by economic instability and social unrest, resulting in the
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in particular maintained Latin language, culture, and literacy for centuries; to this day the popes are termed
1987:
1724:
736:
489:
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9887:
9084:
8088:
6633:
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5683:
5199:
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2965:(...) erhalten haben, hinausgekommen. Auch die gleichermaĂźen realistische wie unkĂĽnstlerische Auffassung der
2862:
The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean: The Ancient World Economy and the Kingdoms of Africa, Arabia and India
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2587:
1358:, enraging the people of Rome. The people came to object to his rule when he failed to recognize the rape of
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31:
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681:
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wrote plays on mythological or classical historical subjects and subjected them to the strict rules of the
1409:
1405:
370:
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to a super-regional power during the 2nd century BC and the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BC.
653:
648:
10513:
10024:
9937:
9932:
9548:
9409:
9023:
8935:
8905:
8829:
8806:
8656:
8627:
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8311:
7367:
7250:
6796:
5661:
5269:
5145:
4807:
4761:
4716:
4492:
4181:
2616:
2614:
2603:
2601:
1937:
1914:
1684:
1602:
1546:
1436:
775:
534:
6200:
2570:
1735:, and finally the transformation to the Roman Empire during the latter half of the 1st century BC.
895:, was the basis of art, philosophy, society, and education in the Mediterranean and Near East until the
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in 709 BC over the seven kings of the island, marking an important part of the transfer of Cyprus from
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established Rome as a super-regional power by the 2nd century BC, followed by the acquisition of
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9678:
9384:
9367:
9109:
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8607:
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5382:
5367:
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2700:
1728:
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41:
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1126:, as well as the revitalization of the written language (which had been lost during the Dark Ages).
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9394:
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7435:
7237:
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5340:
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The Orientalizing revolution: The Near Eastern influence on Greek culture in the early Archaic age.
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975:
907:, science, warfare, literature, historiography, ethics, rhetoric, art and architecture of both the
572:
258:
196:
51:
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during the 1st century BC. At the time of the empire's maximal extension during the reign of
1328:
to a festival and stole their unmarried maidens, resulting the integration of Latins and Sabines.
667:
662:
479:
10910:
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continued the legacy of a united European civilization even after its political unity had ended.
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in 476 AD. Such a wide span of history and territory covers many disparate cultures and periods.
544:
74:
is one of the most recognizable symbols of the classical era, exemplifying ancient Greek culture.
2594:
2350:!" During the 18th and 19th centuries AD, reverence for classical antiquity was much greater in
1518:. Thebes sought to maintain its dominance until it was finally ended by the increasing power of
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That model continued to exist in Constantinople for the entirety of the Middle Ages, where the
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2015:
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Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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3049:"Neoclassical architecture | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, & Facts | Britannica"
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1972:
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between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of
358:
234:
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Ultimately, it was a slow, complex, and graduated change of the socio-economic structure in
2034:, who reigned until 602. The overthrow of Maurice by his mutinying Danube army commanded by
1498:, the latter two of which were formerly Spartan allies, challenged Spartan dominance in the
643:
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and the Latin American revolutionaries; the Americans described their new government as a
8:
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which during the classical period was a title belonging to the emperor, and the ideal of
1925:
1584:
1542:
1343:
1085:
970:
The earliest period of classical antiquity occurs during a time of gradual resurgence of
831:
628:
251:
224:
191:
103:
64:
3471:
Translated by Margaret E. Pinder and Walter Burkert. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
2918:
1502:, which ended inconclusively in 387 BC. Later, in 371 BC, the Theban generals
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389:
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im 2. und 1. Jh v Chr konnte sich nur unter dem Einfluß griechischer Formen ändern." (
2277:
1952:
by later historians. Hellenistic philosophy was succeeded by continued development of
1514:. The result of this battle was the end of Spartan supremacy and the establishment of
1052:
was founded in 814 BC, and the Carthaginians by 700 BC had established strongholds in
11062:
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1321:
1201:
1161:
892:
827:
815:
549:
503:
201:
184:
156:
136:
11207:
3360:
3230:
Chronicle of the Roman Republic: The Rulers of Ancient Rome from Romulus to Augustus
2793:
1181:
986:
inscriptions appearing during the first half of the 8th century. The legendary poet
119:
10823:
10813:
10639:
10587:
10491:
10355:
10244:
10194:
10172:
10167:
10098:
9867:
9782:
9727:
9697:
9648:
9608:
9591:
9581:
9516:
9488:
9355:
9266:
9190:
9131:
9005:
8975:
8960:
8885:
8814:
8730:
8715:
8281:
8241:
8173:
8108:
8033:
8028:
7800:
7723:
7670:
7465:
7460:
7349:
7208:
7157:
7117:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7067:
6989:
6936:
6929:
6914:
6909:
6833:
6761:
6495:
6027:
5992:
5809:
5666:
5544:
5431:
5426:
4751:
4706:
4537:
4444:
4060:
3893:
3878:
3868:
3766:
3377:
2832:
2781:
2433:
2208:
2094:
2059:
1980:
1976:
1949:
1904:
1606:
1475:
1432:
1383:
1309:
1107:
1027:
714:
375:
2521:
1597:
far beyond Greece itself, and Hellenistic culture interacted with the cultures of
11197:
11137:
11022:
10870:
10865:
10843:
10763:
10717:
10474:
10428:
10326:
10303:
10286:
10259:
10044:
9907:
9882:
9670:
9653:
9498:
9372:
9210:
9148:
9136:
9126:
8913:
8794:
8376:
8188:
8168:
8128:
8063:
8013:
8008:
7883:
7833:
7741:
7575:
7555:
7475:
6924:
6749:
6510:
6268:
6056:
5869:
5611:
5477:
5409:
4736:
4334:
4316:
4310:
4224:
4201:
4075:
3986:
3946:
3883:
3715:
3369:
3215:
2413:
2339:
2281:
2203:
1933:
1802:
1712:
1638:
1622:
1614:
1598:
1515:
1408:
in 323 BC. In 510, Spartan troops helped the Athenians overthrow the tyrant
1351:
1294:, with greater restraints on the ability of individual rulers to exercise power.
1228:
1215:
1134:
1103:
979:
965:
885:
874:
731:
413:
6535:
6248:
3619:
3438:
of civilizations: Ancient and Medieval Cultures (pp. 31–84). Moscow: URSS, 2008.
1388:
11227:
11147:
11102:
11042:
11007:
10799:
10712:
10617:
10525:
10316:
10150:
10073:
9857:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9817:
9807:
9722:
9665:
9558:
9521:
9319:
9222:
9195:
8895:
8783:
8778:
8687:
8431:
8073:
7808:
7756:
7728:
7675:
7660:
7640:
7455:
7430:
7387:
7377:
7203:
7177:
7107:
7092:
7057:
7017:
6778:
6392:
6332:
6327:
6283:
6064:
6012:
6002:
5982:
5972:
5716:
5711:
5706:
4559:
4358:
4352:
4340:
4140:
4115:
3888:
3813:
3665:
2894:
2865:
2768:
The precise event which signaled the transition of the Roman Republic into the
2643:
2501:
2440:
2421:
2405:
2387:
2343:
2176:
2140:"Roman Emperor" in the year 800, an act which resulted in the formation of the
2066:
2055:
2004:
1965:
1918:
1900:
1786:
1672:
1657:
1645:
1550:
1499:
1491:
1371:
1287:
1193:
1097:
835:
819:
450:
2416:
affected Western literature greatly. In architecture, there have been several
1137:
of the later Dark Ages and the accumulation of influences derived from Egypt,
11242:
11182:
11067:
10982:
10927:
10787:
10707:
10602:
10452:
10445:
10338:
10291:
10184:
10040:
9953:
9752:
9330:
9308:
9205:
9200:
8993:
8743:
8720:
8700:
7963:
7933:
7848:
7382:
7359:
7172:
7027:
7012:
6959:
6766:
6628:
6545:
6520:
6210:
6132:
5814:
5757:
5656:
5646:
5616:
5598:
5472:
4624:
4406:
4298:
4254:
4216:
4055:
3976:
3756:
3700:
3373:
3356:
3075:"Classical / Classical Revival / Neo-Classical: an architectural style guide"
2998:
2773:
2417:
2355:
2195:", and the Czars ruled as divinely appointed Emperors into the 20th century.
2071:
1849:
1826:
1818:
1761:
1676:
1593:
1456:
1367:
1355:
1336:
1303:
1239:
1081:
1045:
919:
908:
858:
724:
399:
290:
179:
10009:
1270:
11217:
11017:
10922:
10768:
10742:
10651:
10333:
10321:
10269:
10229:
10224:
10088:
10083:
9912:
9742:
9613:
9531:
9325:
9232:
9227:
9180:
9099:
8955:
8945:
8788:
8441:
8301:
7746:
7695:
7650:
7645:
7497:
7307:
7193:
7137:
7132:
6904:
6788:
6722:
6445:
6397:
6263:
6117:
5987:
5626:
5462:
4968:
4930:
4629:
2785:
2772:
is a matter of interpretation. Historians have proposed the appointment of
2769:
2456:
2429:
2420:, which seem more inspired in retrospect by Roman architecture than Greek.
2383:
2358:
than it is now. Respect for the ancient people of Greece and Rome affected
2347:
1957:
1892:
1794:
1744:
1716:
1696:
1324:. As the city was bereft of women, legend says that the Latins invited the
896:
857:
Conventionally, it is often considered to begin with the earliest-recorded
847:
839:
823:
421:
394:
2836:
2408:
received their first poetic educations in Latin. Genres like epic poetry,
11157:
10905:
10900:
10892:
10877:
10702:
10607:
10418:
10254:
10219:
10199:
10179:
10157:
10122:
9897:
9775:
9760:
9732:
9568:
9288:
9217:
9104:
8970:
8900:
8875:
8870:
8819:
8236:
7858:
7680:
7570:
6964:
6465:
6357:
6337:
6165:
5673:
5651:
5641:
5636:
5559:
5516:
5063:
4973:
4963:
4850:
4840:
4604:
3981:
3956:
3670:
3453:
Boatwright, Mary T., Daniel J. Gargola, and Richard J. A. Talbert. 2004.
2735:
2500:
in a manner allegedly similar to the manner of the ancient Greeks caused
2483:
2460:
2401:
2393:
2245:
2231:
2220:
2213:
2133:
2114:
2083:
2019:
1983:
1945:
1842:
1778:
1766:
1704:
1588:
1503:
1417:
1332:
1148:
Pottery styles associated with the later part of the Archaic age are the
991:
915:
873:
may also refer to an idealized vision among later people of what was, in
600:
595:
465:
315:
239:
6170:
2826:
10688:
10676:
10646:
10612:
10552:
10234:
9660:
9121:
8847:
8768:
8461:
8401:
8366:
8158:
8093:
8083:
7978:
7863:
7751:
7334:
7302:
7047:
6974:
6806:
6801:
6402:
6372:
6367:
6352:
6238:
6205:
5874:
5844:
5511:
5239:
5073:
4915:
4910:
4900:
4885:
4870:
4860:
4835:
4211:
3966:
3921:
3430:
Grinin L. E. Early State in the Classical World: Statehood and Ancient
2371:
2363:
2297:
2192:
2137:
2118:
1857:
1810:
1708:
1688:
1331:
Archaeological evidence indeed shows first traces of settlement at the
1253:), that were founded during this period eventually evolved into strong
1115:
971:
904:
877:'s words, "the glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome".
616:
426:
379:
354:
300:
111:
6691:
2479:
1880:
1401:
82:
11122:
10959:
10694:
10656:
10249:
10063:
9707:
9015:
8648:
8491:
8486:
8446:
8371:
8341:
8321:
8198:
8138:
8048:
7998:
7993:
7918:
7878:
7766:
7736:
7545:
7420:
7213:
7097:
7072:
6951:
6377:
6303:
6288:
6258:
6253:
6185:
6109:
6094:
6079:
6022:
5922:
5574:
5506:
5078:
5058:
5028:
5023:
5018:
4983:
4978:
4948:
4895:
4855:
4634:
4500:
4454:
4434:
4065:
3936:
3490:
Alexander to Actium: The historical evolution of the Hellenistic age.
3431:
2444:
2379:
2367:
2314:
2129:
2051:
1953:
1853:
1700:
1634:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1507:
1233:
1219:
1205:
1185:
Greek territories and colonies during the Archaic period (750–550 BC)
1138:
1111:
1077:
1023:
1011:
851:
719:
440:
304:
89:
71:
9436:
2306:
11112:
10808:
10629:
10457:
10372:
10311:
10274:
9917:
9712:
8451:
8436:
8426:
8411:
8326:
8316:
8286:
8276:
8271:
8261:
8163:
8078:
7958:
7943:
7873:
7853:
7843:
7838:
7818:
7617:
7198:
7162:
7052:
6979:
6811:
6427:
6417:
6407:
6382:
6160:
6127:
6089:
6032:
5947:
5932:
5789:
5779:
5696:
5691:
5088:
5083:
5043:
5038:
5013:
4993:
4920:
4875:
4865:
4721:
4619:
4554:
4482:
4090:
3705:
3695:
2796:(16 January 27 BC), as candidates for the defining
2789:
2689:
2468:
2448:
2409:
2400:
continued to be written and circulated well into the 19th century.
2359:
2257:(another Latin term), rather than use available English terms like
2010:
1838:
1822:
1798:
1562:
1479:
1421:
1420:, king of Sparta, established a pro-Spartan oligarchy conducted by
1359:
1291:
1221:
1057:
1049:
431:
328:
6180:
1749:
1738:
1549:
power not only over the central Greek city-states but also to the
11027:
10882:
10794:
9787:
9598:
8471:
8466:
8456:
8421:
8416:
8406:
8351:
8336:
8153:
8148:
8133:
8103:
8058:
8038:
8018:
7973:
7705:
7560:
7339:
7147:
7142:
7032:
6570:
6560:
6505:
6500:
6485:
6475:
6460:
6455:
6342:
6230:
6220:
6099:
6074:
6069:
6042:
6037:
6017:
6007:
5997:
5962:
5952:
5942:
5894:
5884:
5859:
5824:
5819:
5794:
5447:
5229:
4890:
4880:
4639:
4609:
4599:
4594:
4574:
4569:
4449:
4396:
4105:
4095:
4085:
4080:
4070:
3782:
3723:
3690:
3685:
3435:
3380:. The thesis was originally discussed in an article published in
2475:
2375:
2335:
2318:
2149:
2145:
2075:
1830:
1790:
1580:
1579:
Greece began the Hellenistic period with the increasing power of
1519:
1495:
1325:
1153:
1119:
1061:
959:
881:
6515:
5829:
2159:
was considered the sovereign of the entire Christian world. The
1948:, in a state called Romania by its citizens, and designated the
1852:, but also incorporated syncretic "eastern" traditions, such as
1529:, (359–336 BC), Macedon expanded into the territory of the
11047:
8481:
8361:
8291:
8231:
8226:
8193:
7953:
7938:
7888:
7868:
7290:
7167:
7062:
6540:
6470:
6450:
6412:
6278:
6084:
5977:
5914:
5904:
5849:
5467:
5452:
5048:
5033:
5008:
5003:
4988:
4649:
4644:
4411:
4391:
4135:
4125:
4120:
3991:
3951:
3941:
3926:
3608:
2505:
2472:
2471:
even longer than Greek thought prevailed in philosophy. In the
2425:
2351:
2199:
2188:
2165:
2035:
1991:
1814:
1774:
as long as it continued to use Latin as its official language.
1753:
The extent of the Roman Empire under Trajan, AD 117.
1692:
1483:
1460:
1452:
1440:
1317:
1123:
1073:
1069:
1053:
1041:
888:
843:
755:
3534:
Blackwell History of the Ancient World. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
2562:
2079:
939:
11012:
11002:
10997:
10469:
10464:
8266:
7988:
7715:
7007:
6550:
6525:
6422:
6362:
6347:
6215:
6175:
5927:
5839:
5834:
5804:
5799:
5774:
5457:
4998:
4953:
4905:
4477:
4429:
4130:
4100:
4047:
4022:
3961:
3931:
3680:
2797:
2497:
2464:
2397:
2310:
2027:
1834:
1679:
c. 509 BC and lasted more than 450 years until its
1558:
1554:
1444:
1377:
1254:
1142:
1065:
987:
862:
50:"Classical era" redirects here. For the period in music, see
3537:
Rosenstein, Nathan S., and Robert Morstein-Marx, eds. 2006.
1342:
According to legend, the seventh and final king of Rome was
11142:
8476:
8043:
7983:
7565:
6941:
6555:
6530:
6480:
5967:
5957:
3675:
3434:. In Grinin L. E. et al. (eds.) Hierarchy and Power in the
3137:"The Cypriot rulers as client kings of the Assyrian empire"
2740:
2030:
as the language of his court in Constantinople was emperor
1875:
1651:
1313:
1129:
In pottery, the Archaic period sees the development of the
1037:
1001:
92:, a prominent symbol of the Roman classical era and culture
2412:
verse, and the frequent use of characters and themes from
7037:
1362:, a patrician Roman, by his own son. Lucretia's kinsman,
11127:
3398:"Reason and Faith: The Thought of Thomas AquinasOxford"
3164:
by Michael Kerrigan. Dorling Kindersley, London: 2001.
40:"Classical world" redirects here. For the journal, see
1644:
The Hellenistic period ended with the increase of the
978:. The 8th and 7th centuries BC are still largely
922:
revivals occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries.
842:
flourished and had major influence throughout much of
1335:
in the mid-8th century BC, though settlements on the
2633:
1913:
The Roman Empire began to weaken as a result of the
1739:
Roman Empire (1st century BC to 5th century AD)
934:
3532:
A history of the Classical Greek world: 478–323 BC.
2551:
2168:" until the creation of a new Greek state in 1832.
2018:the provinces of Syria and Egypt. At the same time
1392:Delian League ("Athenian Empire"), just before the
1218:, in that it consisted of organised direction (see
3254:
1960:, with Neoplatonism in due course influencing the
1617:. Significant advances were made in the sciences (
1568:
1482:from office, and Sparta lost its naval supremacy.
1471:(431–404 BC), ending with a Spartan victory.
3649:
3462:The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic world.
3333:. Columbia University Press. p. 273 of 331.
1924:became increasingly popular, finally ousting the
1156:during the 7th-century BC and its successor, the
11240:
3252:
3188:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3.
3100:"The Esarhaddon Prism / Library of Ashurbanipal"
2334:is a general term for a long period of cultural
2183:claimed the Byzantine legacy as the champion of
1675:of Ancient Rome began with the overthrow of the
4018:
3562:Revised ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
1848:Culturally, the Roman Empire was significantly
1378:Classical Greece (5th to 4th centuries BC)
1290:tribes reinvented their government by creating
3483:The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic.
1785:from the 130s BC with the acquisition of
1545:, (356–323 BC) managed to briefly extend
1435:ended with not only the liberation of Greece,
1312:on 21 April 753 BC by twin descendants of the
960:Archaic period (c. 8th to c. 6th centuries BC)
10039:
10025:
9452:
9031:
8664:
6707:
3798:
3635:
3281:
3253:Duiker, William; Spielvogel, Jackson (2001).
2537:
1876:Late antiquity (4th to 6th centuries AD)
1652:Roman Republic (5th to 1st centuries BC)
1478:, but by 395 BC the Spartan rulers dismissed
1044:, by the 8th century dominating trade in the
776:
259:
9415:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
3209:Myths and Legends – Rome, the Wolf, and Mars
3181:
3024:"Traces of Ancient Rome in the Modern World"
3520:2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
1060:, which created conflicts of interest with
10032:
10018:
9459:
9445:
9038:
9024:
8671:
8657:
6714:
6700:
4684:
3805:
3791:
3642:
3628:
3553:The Greek world after Alexander 323–30 BC.
3546:The Cambridge Companion to Archaic Greece.
3352:
3350:
3261:(Third ed.). Wadsworth. p. 129.
3003:History of the world – peoples, men, ideas
3001:: Weltgeschichte – Völker, Männer, Ideen (
2888:
2859:
2544:
2530:
1817:(AD 117), Rome controlled the entire
783:
769:
266:
252:
3511:A Companion to the Classical Greek world.
2428:buildings with facades made to look like
1036:The Phoenicians originally expanded from
891:, together with some influences from the
3227:
2941:(1960): Bildende Kunst I (Archäologie) (
2305:
2065:The Eastern Roman empire's capital city
2009:
1879:
1748:
1661:
1557:and lands as far east as the fringes of
1387:
1269:
1210:The Archaic expansion differed from the
1180:
1005:
1002:Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Assyrians
954:Compact timeline of classical antiquity.
150:Classical education in the Eastern world
145:Classical education in the Western world
9186:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
6721:
3504:A Companion to the Classical Tradition.
3457:New York and Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
3383:Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire
3347:
3282:Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E. (6 July 2010).
2860:McLaughlin, Raoul (11 September 2014).
2784:(2 September 31 BC), and the
2100:
865:(8th–7th-century BC) and ends with the
14:
11241:
9045:
8678:
5738:
2889:McLaughlin, Raoul (11 November 2016).
2459:. Greek and Roman authorities such as
2014:The Byzantine Empire in 650 after the
1801:, and definitely with the addition of
1339:may date back to the 10th century BC.
1106:, and saw significant advancements in
899:. The Romans preserved, imitated, and
10013:
9466:
9440:
9019:
8652:
6695:
6595:
5737:
5166:
4670:
4017:
3837:
3786:
3623:
3485:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
3476:A companion to the Hellenistic world.
3464:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
3326:
3284:Gender in History Global Perspectives
2824:
2753:
2525:
2237:Founding Fathers of the United States
1988:conquest of much of the Mediterranean
1938:weakening of the Western Roman Empire
1932:of 393. Successive invasions of
1257:, functioning independently of their
1018:(in red) about 8th to 6th century BC.
9294:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
8881:Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese
6206:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
3838:
3492:Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
3182:Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy (1998).
2467:formed the basis of the practice of
2447:, despite the intervening change in
1569:Hellenistic period (323–146 BC)
1431:(499–449 BC), concluded by the
911:, and through it, the modern world.
27:Age of the ancient Greeks and Romans
9974:History of the Mediterranean region
3455:The Romans: From village to empire.
3232:. Thames & Hudson. p. 19.
2317:walking and disputing. Detail from
1247:
24:
8861:Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations
5167:
3812:
3539:A companion to the Roman Republic.
3478:Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell.
3446:
3440:Early State in the Classical World
2720:Regions during classical antiquity
2432:, with columns constructed in the
2291:
1940:during the 5th century, while the
1474:Greece began the 4th century with
1459:, which resulted in conflict with
994:date for the establishment of the
25:
11275:
11223:Western European and Others Group
3567:
3513:Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell.
3395:
3286:(2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
3162:Ancient Rome and the Roman Empire
2828:Rethinking the Other in Antiquity
2443:was derived largely from that of
2227:ruled central Europe until 1806.
2088:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
2044:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
1451:, but also with the dominance of
1265:
1167:
1133:, which signals a shift from the
1076:commemorates the victory of King
9959:Bibliography of European history
9554:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
9427:Military history of ancient Rome
6675:
6665:
6656:
6655:
3607:
3525:A companion to the Roman Empire.
3502:Kallendorf, Craig W., ed. 2007.
3185:Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome
3028:education.nationalgeographic.org
2943:Visual arts I – archaeology
2664:
2650:
2636:
2223:in 800; the self-described
1975:in 476, the closing of the last
1909:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
1297:
1173:This section is an excerpt from
1102:The Archaic period followed the
834:. It is the period during which
118:
81:
63:
9984:History of Western civilization
9587:Christianity in the Middle Ages
9410:Civil wars of the Third Century
6676:
3389:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3275:
3246:
3221:
3202:
3175:
3155:
3129:
3119:
3110:
3092:
3067:
3041:
2792:'s extraordinary powers by the
2762:
2553:Timeline of classical antiquity
2518:Timeline of classical antiquity
935:Timeline of classical antiquity
867:end of the Western Roman Empire
9828:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
9771:Christianity in the modern era
9542:Christianity in late antiquity
3016:
2992:
2976:
2924:
2911:
2882:
2853:
2831:. Princeton University Press.
2818:
2342:'s words, "the glory that was
13:
1:
9979:History of the European Union
4277:
4264:
4245:
4228:
3499:London and New York: Methuen.
3330:A History of Greek Literature
2919:To Helen#Revised 1845 version
2807:
11254:History of the Mediterranean
7286:Frontiers and fortifications
5405:Funeral and burial practices
4590:Military of Mycenaean Greece
3598:Resources in other libraries
3544:Shapiro, H. Alan, ed. 2007.
2812:
2696:Outline of classical studies
1406:death of Alexander the Great
1251: "home away from home"
1234:
1226:) away from the originating
1220:
814:, is the period of cultural
7:
11259:History of Europe by period
9938:Russian invasion of Ukraine
9549:Crisis of the Third Century
8830:Wars of Alexander the Great
7345:Decorations and punishments
3497:The Greek world 479–323 BC.
3474:Erskine, Andrew, ed. 2003.
3460:Bugh, Glenn. R., ed. 2006.
3141:The many kingdoms of Cyprus
2780:(February 44 BC), the
2629:
2511:
2161:Patriarch of Constantinople
1915:crisis of the third century
1192:refers to the expansion of
10:
11280:
9994:Military history of Europe
9989:Maritime history of Europe
8252:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
6827:historiography of the fall
5329:Greek Revival architecture
4671:
3423:
2515:
2295:
2123:Legacy of the Roman Empire
2104:
1898:
1821:as well as Gaul, parts of
1742:
1655:
1629:, etc.), notably with the
1572:
1381:
1301:
1277:in north of Italy, 800 BC.
1243:
1196:, particularly during the
1172:
1095:
1021:
963:
932:
925:
218:Between World War I and II
210:20th-century neoclassicism
49:
39:
29:
10993:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
10973:
10891:
10728:
10563:
10434:Standard Average European
10302:
10131:
10051:
9964:Genetic history of Europe
9946:
9751:
9567:
9507:
9474:
9423:
9368:Roman conquest of Britain
9339:
9053:
9002:
8838:
8749:Wars of the Delian League
8729:
8686:
8633:External wars and battles
8500:
8394:
8207:
7799:
7792:
7714:
7626:
7531:
7406:
7358:
7236:
7186:
7125:
7116:
6998:
6950:
6870:
6787:
6757:
6748:
6730:
6651:
6602:
6596:
6591:
6436:
6313:
6302:
6229:
6151:
6108:
6055:
5913:
5765:
5756:
5752:
5733:
5682:
5597:
5535:
5497:
5490:
5440:
5400:
5391:
5313:
5190:
5186:
5162:
5128:
5097:
4939:
4826:
4770:
4737:Attalid kings of Pergamon
4692:
4683:
4679:
4666:
4545:Antigonid Macedonian army
4518:
4491:
4463:
4420:
4377:
4368:
4210:
4149:
4046:
4042:
4013:
3912:
3861:
3857:
3833:
3820:
3747:
3714:
3658:
3593:Resources in your library
3509:Kinzl, Konrad, ed. 2006.
3495:Hornblower, Simon. 1983.
3481:Flower, Harriet I. 2004.
3228:Matyszak, Philip (2003).
2939:Walter-Herwig Schuchhardt
2701:Outline of ancient Greece
2559:
2490:derived from Aristotle's
2173:capture of Constantinople
2042:), and also provoked the
1944:persisted throughout the
1091:
1032:Ancient history of Cyprus
11133:Lancaster House Treaties
10623:Christian existentialism
10583:Ancient Roman philosophy
10573:Ancient Greek philosophy
8774:Second Peloponnesian War
3558:Walbank, Frank W. 1993.
3362:Mohammed and Charlemagne
3218:. Accessed 8 March 2007.
2746:
2346:, the grandeur that was
1110:, and the beginnings of
976:Late Bronze Age collapse
52:Classical period (music)
10911:Equality before the law
10118:Romano-Germanic culture
9969:History of Christianity
9065:Roman conquest of Italy
8759:First Peloponnesian War
8628:Roman–Iranian relations
7103:Optimates and populares
3551:Shipley, Graham. 2000.
3530:Rhodes, Peter J. 2006.
3523:Potter, David S. 2006.
3467:Burkert, Walter. 1992.
3372:English translation by
3053:Encyclopædia Britannica
2706:Outline of ancient Rome
2504:to create her brand of
2284:, and the paintings of
2107:Carolingian Renaissance
2040:Origin of the Romanians
2022:settled in the Balkans.
1707:. Roman victory in the
11073:Eastern European Group
10662:Continental philosophy
10593:Judeo-Christian ethics
10578:Hellenistic philosophy
10059:Cradle of civilization
9793:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
8966:Seleucid Dynastic Wars
8891:Seleucid–Parthian Wars
8825:Expansion of Macedonia
8638:Civil wars and revolts
7904:Sextus Pompeius Festus
7551:Conflict of the Orders
6910:Legislative assemblies
4771:Artists & scholars
4686:List of ancient Greeks
4323:Second Athenian League
4172:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
3997:Ancient Greek colonies
3734:Levant (Greater Syria)
3560:The Hellenistic world.
3506:Malden, MA: Blackwell.
3402:The Dartmouth Apologia
2963:Krieger von Capestrano
2959:kapitolinischen Wölfin
2731:History of the Balkans
2713:Post-classical history
2680:Classical architecture
2478:, playwrights such as
2439:The philosophy of St.
2328:
2191:was described as the "
2179:(a title derived from
2023:
1896:
1754:
1668:
1404:in 510 BC to the
1397:
1350:and the son-in-law of
1278:
1186:
1164:in about 530 BC.
1152:, which originated in
1019:
826:known together as the
11193:Three Seas Initiative
11168:Pacific Islands Forum
11033:British–Irish Council
10781:Greek Orthodox Church
10240:Industrial Revolution
10210:Scientific Revolution
9873:Industrial Revolution
9395:Domitian's Dacian War
9314:Liberators' civil war
8347:Simplicius of Cilicia
8099:Quintus Curtius Rufus
7328:Siege in Ancient Rome
6937:Executive magistrates
5890:Sybaris on the Traeis
4615:Sacred Band of Thebes
4355:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
3869:Cycladic civilization
3527:Malden, MA: Blackwell
3516:Murray, Oswyn. 1993.
3327:Hadas, Moses (1950).
2837:10.1515/9781400836550
2692:(Classical education)
2658:Ancient Greece portal
2516:Further information:
2309:
2175:in 1453, the Russian
2144:. The notion that an
2105:Further information:
2013:
1986:in 529, and the
1981:Eastern Roman emperor
1973:Western Roman Emperor
1883:
1752:
1665:
1583:and the conquests of
1510:won a victory at the
1391:
1372:republican government
1308:According to legend,
1275:Etruscan civilization
1273:
1184:
1009:
996:Ancient Olympic Games
964:Further information:
933:Further information:
897:Roman imperial period
371:Age of the human race
30:For the journal, see
11188:Special Relationship
10598:Christian philosophy
10543:Western Christianity
10205:Age of Enlightenment
10079:Hellenistic Kingdoms
9928:European debt crisis
9923:European integration
9863:Age of Enlightenment
9703:Republic of Florence
9400:Trajan's Dacian Wars
9085:Roman–Hernician wars
8866:Seleucid–Mauryan war
8706:Second Messenian War
8357:Stephanus Byzantinus
8262:Eusebius of Caesaria
8124:Sidonius Apollinaris
7814:Ammianus Marcellinus
7153:Tribune of the plebs
5415:mythological figures
5136:Ancient Greek tribes
4261:Peloponnesian League
3616:at Wikimedia Commons
3488:Green, Peter. 1990.
3408:on 13 September 2013
3386:1 (1922), pp. 77–86.
3368:8 April 2015 at the
2324:The School of Athens
2111:Ottonian Renaissance
2101:Political revivalism
1942:Eastern Roman Empire
1764:maintained that the
1683:through a series of
1525:During the reign of
1465:Peloponnesian League
1364:Lucius Junius Brutus
1198:8th–6th centuries BC
1150:black-figure pottery
982:, with the earliest
798:, also known as the
171:Age of Enlightenment
141:Classical education
11249:Classical antiquity
11213:West Nordic Council
11078:Eastern Partnership
10667:Analytic philosophy
10368:Classical tradition
10190:Early modern period
10146:Classical antiquity
10141:European Bronze Age
9893:Revolutions of 1848
9823:Early modern France
9604:Anglo-Saxon England
9509:Classical antiquity
9299:Roman–Parthian Wars
9090:Roman–Volscian wars
9070:Roman–Etruscan Wars
8754:Third Messenian War
8711:Lydian–Milesian War
8696:First Messenian War
8533:Distinguished women
8184:Velleius Paterculus
8024:Nicolaus Damascenus
8004:Marcellus Empiricus
7393:Republican currency
5527:Tunnel of Eupalinos
5522:Theatre of Dionysus
5146:Ancient Macedonians
4762:Tyrants of Syracuse
4274:Amphictyonic League
3874:Minoan civilization
3651:Classical antiquity
3614:Classical antiquity
3579:Classical antiquity
3214:29 May 2007 at the
2983:Der GroĂźe Brockhaus
2947:Das Fischer Lexikon
2685:Classical tradition
2672:Ancient Rome portal
2453:Hellenic Polytheism
2332:Classical antiquity
2286:Jacques-Louis David
1926:Roman imperial cult
1860:, and most notably
1725:Catiline conspiracy
1585:Alexander the Great
1543:Alexander the Great
1467:, resulting in the
1344:Tarquinius Superbus
1212:Iron Age migrations
1160:, developed by the
1131:Orientalizing style
1086:Neo-Assyrian Empire
871:Classical antiquity
832:Mediterranean Basin
796:Classical antiquity
446:Classical antiquity
128:Classical antiquity
33:Classical Antiquity
18:Classical Antiquity
10672:Post-structuralism
10635:Christian humanism
10265:Universal suffrage
9999:Crusading movement
9903:Russian Revolution
9738:Hundred Years' War
9634:Maritime republics
9537:Early Christianity
9527:Hellenistic period
9484:Paleolithic Europe
9405:Roman–Persian Wars
9304:Caesar's civil war
9176:Roman–Seleucid war
9075:Roman-Aequian wars
9047:Ancient Roman wars
8941:Roman–Seleucid War
8800:Theban–Spartan War
8739:Greco-Persian Wars
8680:Ancient Greek wars
8307:Phlegon of Tralles
8114:Seneca the Younger
7588:Naming conventions
7318:Personal equipment
6851:Later Roman Empire
6201:Menestheus's Limin
5855:Pandosia (Lucania)
5743:Greek colonisation
5105:Athenian statesmen
4866:Diogenes of Sinope
4727:Kings of Macedonia
4717:Kings of Commagene
4585:Macedonian phalanx
4565:Hellenistic armies
4313:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
4177:Indo-Greek Kingdom
3899:Hellenistic Greece
3555:London: Routledge.
3541:Oxford: Blackwell.
2955:Kanopen von Chiusi
2933:: Römische Kunst (
2825:Gruen, E. (2010).
2778:perpetual dictator
2726:Hellenistic Greece
2329:
2024:
1930:Theodosian decrees
1897:
1837:, Asia Minor, the
1755:
1669:
1575:Hellenistic period
1429:Greco-Persian Wars
1398:
1348:Tarquinius Priscus
1279:
1190:Greek colonisation
1187:
1175:Greek colonisation
1020:
998:, in 776 BC.
974:sources after the
830:, centered on the
11236:
11235:
11063:Council of Europe
10965:International law
10918:Constitutionalism
10776:Eastern Orthodoxy
10282:Post–Cold War era
10215:Age of Revolution
10069:Greco-Roman world
10007:
10006:
9933:COVID-19 pandemic
9878:French Revolution
9853:Habsburg monarchy
9833:Cossack Hetmanate
9813:Portuguese Empire
9803:Absolute monarchy
9798:Thirty Years' War
9693:Holy Roman Empire
9618:Bulgarian Empire
9577:Early Middle Ages
9494:Bronze Age Europe
9468:History of Europe
9434:
9433:
9390:Jewish–Roman wars
9262:Sulla's civil war
9256:Bellum Octavianum
9144:Illyro-Roman Wars
9117:Roman–Gallic wars
9095:Roman–Sabine wars
9013:
9012:
8951:War against Nabis
8764:Second Sacred War
8646:
8645:
8608:Pontifices maximi
8390:
8389:
8247:Diogenes Laërtius
8069:Pliny the Younger
7824:Asconius Pedianus
7784:Romance languages
7656:Civil engineering
7398:Imperial currency
7271:Political control
7232:
7231:
6866:
6865:
6689:
6688:
6647:
6646:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6153:Iberian Peninsula
6085:Lipara/Meligounis
6051:
6050:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5702:Cypriot syllabary
5593:
5592:
5502:Athenian Treasury
5486:
5485:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
4747:Ptolemaic dynasty
4707:Archons of Athens
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4533:Athenian military
4514:
4513:
4347:League of Corinth
4329:Thessalian League
4305:Chalcidian League
4287:Acarnanian League
4197:Ptolemaic Kingdom
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
3780:
3779:
3612:Media related to
3574:Library resources
3293:978-1-4051-8995-8
3268:978-0-534-57168-9
3143:. 5 November 2012
2951:S. Fischer Verlag
2931:Helga von Heintze
2715:(the next period)
2626:
2625:
2488:classical unities
2436:of architecture.
2302:Classical studies
2225:Holy Roman Empire
2157:Byzantine Emperor
2142:Holy Roman Empire
1979:in Athens by the
1964:of the Christian
1733:First Triumvirate
1673:Republican period
1603:Kingdom of Israel
1512:Battle of Leuctra
1469:Peloponnesian War
1394:Peloponnesian War
1322:Romulus and Remus
1255:Greek city-states
1202:Mediterranean Sea
1162:Andokides Painter
893:ancient Near East
828:Greco-Roman world
793:
792:
745:
744:
737:Political history
362:
350:
320:
316:Pleistocene epoch
276:
275:
185:Weimar Classicism
137:Greco-Roman world
16:(Redirected from
11271:
11108:EU Customs Union
10640:Secular humanism
10588:Christian ethics
10538:East–West Schism
10521:Physical culture
10245:Great Divergence
10195:Age of Discovery
10034:
10027:
10020:
10011:
10010:
9868:Great Divergence
9783:Age of Discovery
9728:Late Middle Ages
9698:High Middle Ages
9609:Byzantine Empire
9592:Christianization
9582:Migration Period
9517:Classical Greece
9489:Neolithic Europe
9461:
9454:
9447:
9438:
9437:
9356:Marcomannic Wars
9267:Mithridatic Wars
9191:Celtiberian Wars
9080:Roman–Latin wars
9040:
9033:
9026:
9017:
9016:
9006:Military history
8976:Mithridatic Wars
8961:Maccabean Revolt
8909:
8886:Chremonidean War
8815:Third Sacred War
8810:
8716:First Sacred War
8673:
8666:
8659:
8650:
8649:
8598:Magistri equitum
8513:Cities and towns
8506:
8432:Constantinopolis
8242:Diodorus Siculus
8174:Valerius Maximus
8109:Seneca the Elder
8029:Nonius Marcellus
7797:
7796:
7350:Hippika gymnasia
7313:Infantry tactics
7219:Consular tribune
7209:Magister equitum
7158:Military tribune
7123:
7122:
7083:Pontifex maximus
7078:Princeps senatus
7068:Magister militum
6834:Byzantine Empire
6755:
6754:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6693:
6692:
6679:
6678:
6669:
6659:
6658:
6593:
6592:
6311:
6310:
5810:Heraclea Lucania
5763:
5762:
5754:
5753:
5735:
5734:
5495:
5494:
5427:Twelve Olympians
5398:
5397:
5188:
5187:
5164:
5163:
4752:Seleucid dynasty
4732:Kings of Paionia
4681:
4680:
4668:
4667:
4538:Scythian archers
4445:Graphe paranomon
4375:
4374:
4282:
4279:
4269:
4266:
4250:
4247:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4044:
4043:
4015:
4014:
3894:Classical Greece
3879:Mycenaean Greece
3859:
3858:
3835:
3834:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3784:
3783:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3611:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3404:. Archived from
3393:
3387:
3378:Internet Archive
3354:
3345:
3344:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3260:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3225:
3219:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3179:
3173:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3079:architecture.com
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3020:
3014:
2996:
2990:
2980:
2974:
2928:
2922:
2917:Poe EA (1845). "
2915:
2909:
2908:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2822:
2801:
2794:first settlement
2782:Battle of Actium
2766:
2760:
2757:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2496:. The desire to
2434:classical orders
2249:) and gave it a
2209:Pontifex Maximus
2095:European history
2060:Byzantine Papacy
2048:Muslim conquests
1984:Justinian I
1977:Platonic Academy
1950:Byzantine Empire
1905:Migration period
1607:Kingdom of Judah
1541:. Philip's son,
1476:Spartan hegemony
1433:Peace of Callias
1418:Cleomenes I
1402:Athenian tyranny
1384:Classical Greece
1346:. As the son of
1310:Rome was founded
1252:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1225:
1158:red-figure style
1108:political theory
1028:Ancient Carthage
1014:(in yellow) and
984:Greek alphabetic
816:European history
804:classical period
785:
778:
771:
760:
754:
715:Age of Discovery
622:
621:
390:Earliest records
376:Recorded history
352:
340:
312:
310:
299:
278:
277:
268:
261:
254:
122:
99:
98:
85:
67:
21:
11279:
11278:
11274:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11269:
11268:
11264:Historical eras
11239:
11238:
11237:
11232:
11198:UKUSA Agreement
11138:Lublin Triangle
11023:Baltic Assembly
10975:
10969:
10887:
10724:
10559:
10429:Eurolinguistics
10298:
10287:Information age
10260:Interwar period
10127:
10047:
10038:
10008:
10003:
9942:
9908:Interwar period
9883:Napoleonic Wars
9747:
9718:Mongol invasion
9671:Crown of Aragon
9563:
9503:
9499:Iron Age Europe
9470:
9465:
9435:
9430:
9419:
9385:Civil war of 69
9373:Boudican revolt
9342:
9335:
9211:Cantabrian Wars
9149:Macedonian Wars
9056:
9049:
9044:
9014:
9009:
8998:
8914:Macedonian Wars
8907:
8834:
8808:
8795:Theban hegemony
8725:
8682:
8677:
8647:
8642:
8504:
8502:
8496:
8386:
8222:AĂ«tius of Amida
8203:
8189:Verrius Flaccus
8169:Valerius Antias
8129:Silius Italicus
8064:Pliny the Elder
8009:Marcus Aurelius
7884:Cornelius Nepos
7834:Aurelius Victor
7788:
7710:
7622:
7556:Secessio plebis
7527:
7402:
7354:
7228:
7182:
7112:
6994:
6946:
6862:
6783:
6744:
6726:
6720:
6690:
6685:
6643:
6598:
6575:
6438:
6432:
6315:
6306:
6298:
6269:Melaina Korkyra
6225:
6147:
6104:
6057:Aeolian Islands
6047:
5909:
5767:
5748:
5747:
5721:
5678:
5589:
5531:
5482:
5436:
5387:
5309:
5300:Wedding customs
5182:
5181:
5150:
5141:Thracian Greeks
5124:
5115:Olympic victors
5093:
4935:
4822:
4766:
4757:Kings of Sparta
4742:Kings of Pontus
4712:Kings of Athens
4688:
4675:
4654:
4550:Army of Macedon
4510:
4487:
4459:
4416:
4364:
4337:(370–c. 230 BC)
4335:Arcadian League
4319:(c. 400–188 BC)
4317:Aetolian League
4311:Boeotian League
4293:Hellenic League
4280:
4267:
4257:(c. 650–404 BC)
4248:
4242:Italiote League
4235:
4231:
4225:Doric Hexapolis
4215:
4206:
4202:Seleucid Empire
4145:
4038:
4037:
4001:
3908:
3884:Greek Dark Ages
3853:
3852:
3829:
3816:
3811:
3781:
3776:
3743:
3710:
3654:
3648:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3565:
3449:
3447:Further reading
3444:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3394:
3390:
3370:Wayback Machine
3355:
3348:
3341:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3226:
3222:
3216:Wayback Machine
3207:
3203:
3196:
3180:
3176:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3007:Allert de Lange
2997:
2993:
2981:
2977:
2929:
2925:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2895:Pen & Sword
2887:
2883:
2876:
2866:Pen & Sword
2858:
2854:
2847:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2555:
2550:
2520:
2514:
2424:has many large
2414:Greek mythology
2340:Edgar Allan Poe
2304:
2296:Main articles:
2294:
2292:Cultural legacy
2282:Arc de Triomphe
2204:Catholic Church
2125:
2103:
2016:Arabs conquered
1997:first in 674–78
1934:Germanic tribes
1911:
1899:Main articles:
1878:
1747:
1741:
1713:Macedonian Wars
1660:
1654:
1639:Aristotelianism
1577:
1571:
1516:Theban hegemony
1396:in 431 BC.
1386:
1380:
1352:Servius Tullius
1306:
1300:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1216:Greek Dark Ages
1178:
1170:
1135:geometric style
1104:Greek Dark Ages
1100:
1094:
1034:
1022:Main articles:
1004:
980:protohistorical
968:
966:Iron Age Europe
962:
957:
956:
955:
952:
951:
949:
937:
928:
875:Edgar Allan Poe
789:
758:
752:
747:
746:
741:
701:
700:
691:
677:
658:
639:
638:
619:
609:
608:
607:
591:
577:
568:
554:
540:
539:
529:
519:
518:
517:
508:
494:
475:
456:
455:
436:
416:
406:
405:
404:
385:
366:
365:
351:
339:
331:
308:
297:
272:
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
86:
77:
76:
75:
68:
55:
48:
43:Classical World
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11277:
11267:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11234:
11233:
11231:
11230:
11228:Westernization
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11208:Visegrád Group
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11148:Nordic Council
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11043:Bucharest Nine
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11008:Arctic Council
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10979:
10977:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10956:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10920:
10915:
10914:
10913:
10903:
10897:
10895:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10874:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10853:
10852:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10826:
10821:
10816:
10806:
10805:
10804:
10803:
10802:
10792:
10791:
10790:
10785:
10784:
10783:
10773:
10772:
10771:
10761:
10760:
10759:
10734:
10732:
10726:
10725:
10723:
10722:
10721:
10720:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10699:
10698:
10686:
10685:
10684:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10643:
10642:
10637:
10627:
10626:
10625:
10618:Existentialism
10615:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10569:
10567:
10561:
10560:
10558:
10557:
10556:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10518:
10517:
10516:
10511:
10501:
10500:
10499:
10489:
10484:
10483:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10462:
10461:
10460:
10450:
10449:
10448:
10438:
10437:
10436:
10431:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10405:
10404:
10394:
10389:
10388:
10387:
10377:
10376:
10375:
10365:
10364:
10363:
10353:
10348:
10347:
10346:
10336:
10331:
10330:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10308:
10306:
10300:
10299:
10297:
10296:
10295:
10294:
10289:
10279:
10278:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10182:
10177:
10176:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10155:
10154:
10153:
10151:Late antiquity
10143:
10137:
10135:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10104:
10103:
10102:
10101:
10096:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10066:
10061:
10055:
10053:
10049:
10048:
10037:
10036:
10029:
10022:
10014:
10005:
10004:
10002:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9950:
9948:
9944:
9943:
9941:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9858:Russian Empire
9855:
9850:
9848:British Empire
9845:
9843:Dutch Republic
9840:
9838:Swedish Empire
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9818:Spanish Empire
9815:
9810:
9808:Ottoman Empire
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9779:
9778:
9768:
9763:
9757:
9755:
9749:
9748:
9746:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9723:Serbian Empire
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9657:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9631:
9630:
9629:
9624:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9595:
9594:
9584:
9579:
9573:
9571:
9565:
9564:
9562:
9561:
9559:Late antiquity
9556:
9551:
9546:
9545:
9544:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9522:Roman Republic
9519:
9513:
9511:
9505:
9504:
9502:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9480:
9478:
9472:
9471:
9464:
9463:
9456:
9449:
9441:
9432:
9431:
9424:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9376:
9375:
9365:
9364:
9363:
9358:
9347:
9345:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9320:Bellum Siculum
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9285:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9264:
9259:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9230:
9225:
9223:Jugurthine War
9220:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9196:Lusitanian War
9193:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9172:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9146:
9141:
9140:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9119:
9114:
9113:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9061:
9059:
9057:Roman Republic
9051:
9050:
9043:
9042:
9035:
9028:
9020:
9011:
9010:
9003:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8911:
8903:
8898:
8896:Cleomenean War
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8850:
8844:
8842:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8804:
8803:
8802:
8791:
8786:
8784:Corinthian War
8781:
8779:Phyle Campaign
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8735:
8733:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8692:
8690:
8684:
8683:
8676:
8675:
8668:
8661:
8653:
8644:
8643:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8509:
8507:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8398:
8396:
8392:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8213:
8211:
8205:
8204:
8202:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8074:Pomponius Mela
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7809:Aelius Donatus
7805:
7803:
7794:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7777:Ecclesiastical
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7731:
7726:
7720:
7718:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7632:
7630:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7579:
7578:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7537:
7535:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7525:
7520:
7518:Toys and games
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7412:
7410:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7364:
7362:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7331:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7300:
7295:
7294:
7293:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7242:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7190:
7188:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7129:
7127:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7058:Vigintisexviri
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7018:Cursus honorum
7015:
7010:
7004:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6956:
6954:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6944:
6939:
6934:
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6927:
6922:
6917:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6876:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6817:Western Empire
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6793:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6764:
6758:
6752:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6719:
6718:
6711:
6704:
6696:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6673:
6663:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6319:
6317:
6308:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6235:
6233:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6157:
6155:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6114:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6061:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6003:Megara Hyblaea
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5983:Hybla Gereatis
5980:
5975:
5973:Heraclea Minoa
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5919:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5771:
5769:
5760:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5739:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5717:Attic numerals
5714:
5712:Greek numerals
5709:
5707:Greek alphabet
5704:
5699:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5407:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5361:Musical system
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5320:
5318:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5196:
5194:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4793:Mathematicians
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4702:Kings of Argos
4698:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4677:
4676:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4560:Cretan archers
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4497:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
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4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4359:Achaean League
4356:
4353:Euboean League
4350:
4344:
4341:Epirote League
4338:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4289:(c. 500–31 BC)
4284:
4271:
4258:
4252:
4239:
4221:
4219:
4217:Confederations
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4141:Lissus (Crete)
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4052:
4050:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3889:Archaic Greece
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3814:Ancient Greece
3810:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:External links
3566:
3564:
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3507:
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3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3396:Blair, Peter.
3388:
3346:
3339:
3319:
3317:Roman Empire.)
3309:
3299:
3292:
3274:
3267:
3245:
3239:978-0500051214
3238:
3220:
3201:
3195:978-0195123326
3194:
3174:
3154:
3128:
3118:
3109:
3104:British Museum
3091:
3066:
3040:
3015:
2991:
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2644:History portal
2631:
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2541:
2534:
2526:
2513:
2510:
2502:Isadora Duncan
2441:Thomas Aquinas
2422:Washington, DC
2418:Greek Revivals
2406:Arthur Rimbaud
2293:
2290:
2102:
2099:
2067:Constantinople
2056:Constantinople
2005:Pirenne Thesis
1966:Church Fathers
1936:finalized the
1919:Late antiquity
1901:Late antiquity
1877:
1874:
1787:Cisalpine Gaul
1777:Rome acquired
1759:Julio-Claudian
1743:Main article:
1740:
1737:
1658:Roman Republic
1656:Main article:
1653:
1650:
1646:Roman Republic
1573:Main article:
1570:
1567:
1551:Persian Empire
1527:Philip II
1500:Corinthian War
1382:Main article:
1379:
1376:
1302:Main article:
1299:
1296:
1267:
1266:Iron Age Italy
1264:
1194:Archaic Greeks
1179:
1171:
1169:
1168:Greek colonies
1166:
1098:Archaic Greece
1096:Main article:
1093:
1090:
1016:Greek colonies
1003:
1000:
961:
958:
953:
938:
931:
930:
929:
927:
924:
918:, and various
836:ancient Greece
820:ancient Greece
791:
790:
788:
787:
780:
773:
765:
762:
761:
749:
748:
743:
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682:Southeast Asia
678:
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582:Southeast Asia
578:
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499:Southeast Asia
495:
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463:
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451:Late antiquity
448:
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429:
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412:
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403:
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397:
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367:
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11173:PROSUR/PROSUL
11171:
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11068:Craiova Group
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10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10983:ABCANZ Armies
10981:
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10864:
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10810:
10807:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10796:
10793:
10789:
10788:Protestantism
10786:
10782:
10779:
10778:
10777:
10774:
10770:
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10765:
10762:
10758:
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10727:
10719:
10716:
10715:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10708:Sovereigntism
10706:
10704:
10701:
10697:
10696:
10692:
10691:
10690:
10687:
10683:
10680:
10679:
10678:
10675:
10673:
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10648:
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10628:
10624:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10603:Scholasticism
10601:
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10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
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10498:
10495:
10494:
10493:
10490:
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10481:
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10323:
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10315:
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10310:
10309:
10307:
10305:
10301:
10293:
10292:War on terror
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10285:
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10280:
10276:
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10185:Modern period
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10041:Western world
10035:
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10023:
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10016:
10015:
10012:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
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9982:
9980:
9977:
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9970:
9967:
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9954:Art of Europe
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9861:
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9846:
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9841:
9839:
9836:
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9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9777:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9758:
9756:
9754:
9753:Modern period
9750:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9684:
9680:
9676:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9636:
9635:
9632:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
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9597:
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9590:
9589:
9588:
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9583:
9580:
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9570:
9566:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9543:
9540:
9539:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9510:
9506:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9481:
9479:
9477:
9473:
9469:
9462:
9457:
9455:
9450:
9448:
9443:
9442:
9439:
9429:
9428:
9422:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9374:
9371:
9370:
9369:
9366:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9353:
9352:
9351:Germanic wars
9349:
9348:
9346:
9344:
9338:
9332:
9331:War of Actium
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9321:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9309:War of Mutina
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9269:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9257:
9253:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9235:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9206:Sertorian War
9204:
9202:
9201:Numantine War
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9060:
9058:
9052:
9048:
9041:
9036:
9034:
9029:
9027:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9008:
9007:
9001:
8995:
8994:War of Actium
8992:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8931:
8927:
8923:
8919:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8856:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8837:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8805:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8744:Aeginetan War
8742:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8722:
8721:Sicilian Wars
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8701:Lelantine War
8699:
8697:
8694:
8693:
8691:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8674:
8669:
8667:
8662:
8660:
8655:
8654:
8651:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8510:
8508:
8499:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8393:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8206:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7964:Julius Paulus
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7899:Fabius Pictor
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7798:
7795:
7791:
7785:
7782:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7636:Amphitheatres
7634:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7577:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7534:
7530:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7373:Deforestation
7371:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7357:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7323:Siege engines
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7256:Establishment
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7235:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7187:Extraordinary
7185:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7173:Promagistrate
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6960:Twelve Tables
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6780:
6777:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6747:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6724:
6717:
6712:
6710:
6705:
6703:
6698:
6697:
6694:
6682:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6662:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6594:
6590:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6181:Hemeroscopion
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5758:Magna Graecia
5755:
5751:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5632:Arcadocypriot
5630:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5586:
5585:Zeus, Olympia
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:Hera, Olympia
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5473:Mount Olympus
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:Sacred places
5439:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5265:Olympic Games
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:Homosexuality
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
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3375:
3374:Bernard Miall
3371:
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3357:Henri Pirenne
3353:
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3257:World History
3249:
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3197:
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3170:0-7894-8153-7
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3055:. 1 June 2023
3054:
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2270:Revolutionary
2268:Similarly in
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2017:
2012:
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1989:
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1982:
1978:
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1963:
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1951:
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1939:
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1927:
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1819:Mediterranean
1816:
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1594:lingua franca
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1457:Delian League
1454:
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1423:
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1411:
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1385:
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1373:
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1368:Marcus Brutus
1366:(ancestor to
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:Tarpeian Rock
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1337:Palatine Hill
1334:
1329:
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1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1304:Roman Kingdom
1298:Roman kingdom
1295:
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1260:
1256:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1200:, across the
1199:
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1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:Mediterranean
1043:
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1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1008:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
967:
936:
923:
921:
920:neo-classical
917:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
808:classical age
805:
801:
800:classical era
797:
786:
781:
779:
774:
772:
767:
766:
764:
763:
757:
751:
750:
738:
735:
733:
730:
726:
725:Postmodernity
723:
722:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
710:
709:
705:
704:
697:
694:
693:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
674:
671:
669:
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661:
660:
655:
654:South America
652:
650:
649:North America
647:
645:
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641:
635:
632:
630:
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613:
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560:
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536:
533:
532:
528:
527:Postclassical
523:
522:
514:
511:
510:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
472:
471:South America
469:
467:
466:North America
464:
462:
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458:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
433:
430:
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425:
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420:
419:
415:
410:
409:
401:
400:Proto-writing
398:
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356:
349:
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344:
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291:Human history
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213:
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180:Neoclassicism
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163:
160:
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105:
101:
100:
91:
84:
73:
66:
57:
53:
46:
44:
36:
34:
19:
11218:Western Bloc
11018:AUSCANNZUKUS
10974:Contemporary
10923:Human rights
10769:Latin Church
10743:Christianity
10693:
10652:Conservatism
10497:contemporary
10334:Architecture
10270:World War II
10230:Emancipation
10225:Abolitionism
10145:
10113:Romanization
10108:Roman legacy
10089:Roman Empire
9913:World War II
9766:Early modern
9743:Kalmar Union
9614:Papal States
9532:Roman Empire
9508:
9425:
9380:Armenian War
9343:Roman Empire
9326:Perusine War
9318:
9254:
9233:Servile Wars
9228:Cimbrian War
9181:Galatian War
9100:Samnite Wars
9004:
8956:Galatian War
8946:Aetolian War
8908:(220–217 BC)
8854:
8853:Wars of the
8809:(357–355 BC)
8793:Wars of the
8789:Boeotian War
8578:Institutions
8442:Leptis Magna
8395:Major cities
8302:Philostratus
8089:Quadrigarius
7909:Rufus Festus
7772:Contemporary
7493:Romanization
7416:Architecture
7023:Collegiality
6872:Constitution
6723:Ancient Rome
6476:Dionysopolis
6446:Abonoteichos
6398:Pantikapaion
5988:Hybla Heraea
5324:Architecture
5280:Prostitution
4969:Aristophanes
4828:Philosophers
4798:Philosophers
4630:Spartan army
4361:(280–146 BC)
4349:(338–322 BC)
4343:(370–168 BC)
4331:(374–196 BC)
4325:(378–355 BC)
4307:(430–348 BC)
4301:(478–404 BC)
4295:(499–449 BC)
3982:Peloponnesus
3904:Roman Greece
3650:
3588:Online books
3578:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3410:. Retrieved
3406:the original
3401:
3391:
3381:
3361:
3329:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3283:
3277:
3256:
3248:
3229:
3223:
3204:
3184:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3140:
3131:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3078:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3052:
3043:
3031:. Retrieved
3027:
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3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
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2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
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2890:
2884:
2861:
2855:
2827:
2820:
2788:'s grant of
2786:Roman Senate
2770:Roman Empire
2764:
2755:
2491:
2457:Christianity
2438:
2392:
2384:architecture
2331:
2330:
2327:(1509–1511).
2322:
2267:
2262:
2259:commonwealth
2258:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2229:
2218:
2207:
2197:
2180:
2170:
2154:
2126:
2092:
2064:
2025:
1999:and then in
1970:
1958:Epicureanism
1922:Christianity
1912:
1868:
1866:
1862:Christianity
1847:
1782:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1756:
1745:Roman Empire
1697:Samnite Wars
1670:
1643:
1611:Central Asia
1592:
1578:
1553:, including
1524:
1473:
1449:Persian rule
1426:
1414:Peisistratos
1399:
1341:
1330:
1307:
1280:
1258:
1227:
1188:
1147:
1128:
1101:
1084:rule to the
1056:, Italy and
1035:
969:
913:
879:
870:
856:
848:North Africa
840:ancient Rome
824:ancient Rome
811:
810:, or simply
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:
759:
634:Contemporary
629:Early modern
512:
445:
395:Protohistory
347:Contemporary
341:
314:
313:
309:
127:
56:
42:
32:
11158:Open Balkan
10976:integration
10906:Rule of law
10901:Natural law
10878:Agnosticism
10856:Hellenistic
10834:Anglo-Saxon
10764:Catholicism
10703:Atlanticism
10608:Rationalism
10414:Immigration
10397:Esotericism
10255:World War I
10220:Romanticism
10200:Reformation
10180:Renaissance
10158:Middle Ages
10123:Christendom
10052:Foundations
9898:World War I
9888:Nationalism
9776:Reformation
9761:Renaissance
9733:Black Death
9666:Kievan Rus'
9569:Middle Ages
9341:Wars of the
9289:Gallic Wars
9218:Achaean War
9105:Pyrrhic War
9055:Wars of the
8971:Achaean War
8906:Social War
8901:Lyttian War
8876:Syrian Wars
8871:Pyrrhic War
8840:Hellenistic
8820:Foreign War
8807:Social War
8573:Geographers
8257:Dioscorides
8237:Cassius Dio
7859:Cassiodorus
7762:Renaissance
7368:Agriculture
7340:Auxiliaries
7281:Engineering
7118:Magistrates
6970:Citizenship
6965:Mos maiorum
6900:Late Empire
6624:Place names
6536:Salmydessus
6358:Kalos Limen
6338:Chersonesus
6328:Borysthenes
6033:Tauromenion
5845:Metapontion
5607:Proto-Greek
5560:Erechtheion
5555:Athena Nike
5517:Philippeion
5346:Mathematics
5317:and science
5200:Agriculture
5064:Stesichorus
4974:Bacchylides
4964:Archilochus
4851:Antisthenes
4841:Anaximander
4813:Seven Sages
4803:Playwrights
4783:Geographers
4778:Astronomers
4605:Pezhetairos
4232: 1100
4212:Federations
4111:Megalopolis
4048:City states
4023:City states
3412:18 December
2961:(...), dem
2957:(...), der
2736:Roman Dacia
2461:Hippocrates
2402:John Milton
2394:Epic poetry
2246:res publica
2232:Renaissance
2221:Charlemagne
2214:Christendom
2134:Charlemagne
2115:Renaissance
2084:Renaissance
2020:early Slavs
1990:by the new
1946:Middle Ages
1843:Mesopotamia
1772:res publica
1767:res publica
1705:Pyrrhic War
1687:, into the
1627:mathematics
1591:became the
1522:in 346 BC.
1504:Epaminondas
1333:Roman Forum
992:traditional
916:Renaissance
601:Renaissance
11243:Categories
11178:Rio Treaty
10689:Relativism
10647:Liberalism
10613:Empiricism
10565:Philosophy
10553:Secularism
10504:Philosophy
10441:Literature
10235:Capitalism
9661:Viking Age
9476:Prehistory
9361:Gothic War
9122:Punic Wars
9110:Social War
8936:Cretan War
8848:Lamian War
8769:Samian War
8462:Mediolanum
8402:Alexandria
8367:Themistius
8332:Porphyrius
8159:Tertullian
8094:Quintilian
8084:Propertius
7979:Lactantius
7929:Fulgentius
7864:Censorinus
7686:Sanitation
7671:Metallurgy
7628:Technology
7593:Demography
7541:Patricians
7508:Spectacles
7466:Literature
7461:Hairstyles
7298:Technology
7048:Praefectus
7000:Government
6990:Litigation
6975:Auctoritas
6920:Centuriate
6807:Principate
6802:Pax Romana
6762:Foundation
6526:Polemonion
6403:Phanagoria
6373:Kimmerikon
6368:Kerkinitis
6353:Hermonassa
6343:Dioscurias
6239:Aspalathos
6186:Kalathousa
6161:Akra Leuke
6090:Phoenicusa
5875:Scylletium
5860:Poseidonia
5780:Brentesion
5667:Pamphylian
5662:Macedonian
5580:Samothrace
5565:Hephaestus
5512:Long Walls
5491:Structures
5432:Underworld
5378:Technology
5341:Literature
5275:Philosophy
5240:Euergetism
5129:By culture
5074:Thucydides
4916:Pythagoras
4911:Protagoras
4901:Parmenides
4886:Heraclitus
4871:Empedocles
4861:Democritus
4846:Anaximenes
4836:Anaxagoras
4788:Historians
4281: 595
4268: 550
4249: 800
4234: – c.
4162:Cappadocia
3967:Ionian Sea
3957:Hellespont
3922:Aegean Sea
3147:21 January
2808:References
2372:literature
2364:philosophy
2298:Classicism
2274:Napoleonic
2263:parliament
2193:Third Rome
2171:After the
2119:Classicism
1858:Gnosticism
1850:Hellenized
1807:Asia Minor
1781:character
1729:Social War
1721:Asia Minor
1709:Punic Wars
1689:Principate
1685:civil wars
1681:subversion
1547:Macedonian
1259:metropolis
1229:metropolis
1116:philosophy
1012:Phoenician
972:historical
905:philosophy
861:poetry of
859:Epic Greek
732:Futurology
673:South Asia
573:South Asia
490:South Asia
427:Bronze Age
422:Copper Age
380:Common Era
355:10,000 BCE
301:Prehistory
240:Philosophy
112:Classicism
11123:Five Eyes
11118:EU–UK TCA
10960:Democracy
10849:Old Norse
10738:Abrahamic
10695:Peritrope
10677:Tolerance
10657:Socialism
10487:Mythology
10475:Classical
10424:Languages
10402:Astrology
10250:Modernism
10064:Old World
9708:Feudalism
9679:Catalonia
8731:Classical
8618:Quaestors
8548:Empresses
8538:Dynasties
8528:Dictators
8503:and other
8492:Volubilis
8487:Vindobona
8447:Londinium
8372:Theodoret
8342:Procopius
8322:Polyaenus
8297:Pausanias
8199:Vitruvius
8144:Symmachus
8139:Suetonius
8049:Petronius
8034:Obsequens
7999:Macrobius
7994:Lucretius
7919:Frontinus
7894:Eutropius
7879:Columella
7829:Augustine
7819:Appuleius
7767:Neo-Latin
7742:Classical
7733:Versions
7641:Aqueducts
7583:Patronage
7503:Sexuality
7476:Mythology
7451:Education
7441:Cosmetics
7266:Campaigns
7261:Structure
7214:Decemviri
7073:Imperator
6772:overthrow
6612:in Epirus
6561:Trapezous
6506:Mesambria
6491:Eupatoria
6461:Apollonia
6456:Anchialos
6418:Theodosia
6388:Nymphaion
6378:Myrmekion
6348:Gorgippia
6304:Black Sea
6289:Tragurion
6274:Nymphaion
6259:Epidauros
6254:Epidamnos
6244:Apollonia
6221:Zacynthos
6143:Ptolemais
6137:Apollonia
6110:Cyrenaica
6100:TherassĂa
6095:Strongyle
6075:Ereikousa
5998:Leontinoi
5938:Apollonia
5815:Hipponion
5612:Mycenaean
5575:Parthenon
5507:Lion Gate
5410:Mythology
5373:Sculpture
5336:Astronomy
5270:Pederasty
5245:Festivals
5230:Education
5110:Lawgivers
5079:Timocreon
5059:Sophocles
5054:Simonides
5029:Philocles
5024:Panyassis
5019:Mimnermus
4984:Herodotus
4979:Euripides
4949:Aeschylus
4896:Leucippus
4856:Aristotle
4635:Strategos
4501:Synedrion
4455:Ostracism
4435:Areopagus
4387:Free city
4182:Macedonia
4066:Byzantion
3972:Macedonia
3937:Cyrenaica
3914:Geography
3848:Geography
3772:Igbo-Ukwu
3701:Britannia
3653:by region
3432:Democracy
2935:Roman art
2813:Citations
2445:Aristotle
2404:and even
2388:sexuality
2380:education
2368:sculpture
2315:Aristotle
2255:President
2185:Orthodoxy
2130:patriarch
2052:Heraclius
1954:Platonism
1928:with the
1917:. During
1854:Mithraism
1827:Britannia
1701:Latin War
1635:Aristotle
1631:followers
1623:astronomy
1619:geography
1539:Illyrians
1535:Thracians
1531:Paeonians
1508:Pelopidas
1412:, son of
1292:republics
1283:Etruscans
1206:Black Sea
1139:Phoenicia
1112:democracy
1078:Sargon II
1068:found in
1024:Phoenicia
852:West Asia
812:antiquity
720:Modernity
687:West Asia
668:East Asia
587:West Asia
564:East Asia
504:West Asia
485:East Asia
441:Axial Age
343:Neolithic
337:Timelines
305:Stone Age
230:Economics
192:Economics
90:Colosseum
72:Parthenon
45:(journal)
35:(journal)
11183:Schengen
11113:Eurozone
10953:Property
10948:Religion
10839:Frankish
10829:Germanic
10809:Paganism
10730:Religion
10718:European
10630:Humanism
10533:Religion
10492:Painting
10458:Internet
10409:Folklore
10380:Clothing
10351:Calendar
10327:Cyrillic
10312:Alphabet
10275:Cold War
9947:See also
9918:Cold War
9713:Crusades
9683:Valencia
8855:Diadochi
8623:Tribunes
8613:Praetors
8563:Generals
8543:Emperors
8452:Lugdunum
8437:Eboracum
8427:Carthage
8412:Aquileia
8327:Polybius
8317:Plutarch
8287:Libanius
8277:Josephus
8272:Herodian
8164:Tibullus
8079:Priscian
8054:Phaedrus
8014:Manilius
7959:Jordanes
7944:Hydatius
7874:Claudian
7854:Catullus
7844:Boëthius
7839:Ausonius
7757:Medieval
7729:Alphabet
7701:Theatres
7676:Numerals
7661:Concrete
7651:Circuses
7618:Bagaudae
7608:Adoption
7603:Marriage
7576:Assembly
7481:Religion
7456:Folklore
7436:Clothing
7431:Calendar
7388:Currency
7378:Commerce
7276:Strategy
7238:Military
7224:Triumvir
7204:Dictator
7199:Interrex
7178:Governor
7163:Quaestor
7126:Ordinary
7108:Province
7098:Tetrarch
7088:Augustus
7053:Vicarius
7043:Officium
6980:Imperium
6930:Plebeian
6890:Republic
6812:Dominate
6779:Republic
6740:Timeline
6661:Category
6639:Theatres
6566:Tripolis
6501:Kerasous
6496:Heraclea
6428:Tyritake
6383:Nikonion
6294:Thronion
6216:Salauris
6171:Emporion
6128:Berenice
6118:Balagrae
6070:Euonymos
6043:Tyndaris
6028:Syracuse
6023:Selinous
5993:Kamarina
5948:Casmenae
5933:Akrillai
5850:Neápolis
5785:Caulonia
5766:Mainland
5697:Linear B
5692:Linear A
5622:Dialects
5599:Language
5393:Religion
5351:Medicine
5285:Religion
5250:Folklore
5235:Emporium
5210:Clothing
5205:Calendar
5089:Xenophon
5084:Tyrtaeus
5069:Theognis
5044:Polybius
5039:Plutarch
5014:Menander
4994:Hipponax
4921:Socrates
4876:Epicurus
4722:Diadochi
4620:Sciritae
4580:Hetairoi
4555:Ballista
4520:Military
4483:Gerousia
4473:Ekklesia
4440:Ecclesia
4422:Athenian
4370:Politics
4283:–279 BC)
4270:–366 BC)
4251:–389 BC)
4187:Pergamon
4157:Bithynia
4150:Kingdoms
4091:Pergamon
4033:Military
4028:Politics
3825:Timeline
3767:Carthage
3762:Aegyptus
3729:Anatolia
3706:Germania
3696:Hispania
3366:Archived
3359:(1937).
3212:Archived
3172:. p. 12.
3126:429–449.
2967:Porträts
2790:Octavian
2690:Classics
2630:See also
2512:Timeline
2469:medicine
2449:religion
2410:pastoral
2360:politics
2354:and the
2278:Panthéon
2241:republic
2202:and the
2072:Ottomans
1962:theology
1839:Caucasus
1823:Germania
1799:Hispania
1783:de facto
1779:imperial
1762:Emperors
1731:and the
1677:Monarchy
1563:Diadochi
1537:and the
1480:Lysander
1463:and the
1422:Isagoras
1360:Lucretia
1222:oikistes
1204:and the
1058:Sardinia
1050:Carthage
706:See also
550:Americas
535:Timeline
432:Iron Age
329:Holocene
283:a series
281:Part of
162:Language
104:a series
102:Part of
11028:Benelux
10933:Thought
10883:Atheism
10824:Finnish
10800:Culture
10795:Judaism
10757:Eastern
10753:Western
10748:Culture
10682:Paradox
10548:Decline
10509:Science
10385:History
10373:Studies
10356:Cuisine
10344:Periods
10304:Culture
10133:History
10099:Eastern
10094:Western
10045:culture
9788:Baroque
9687:Majorca
9599:Francia
8978: (
8916: (
8688:Archaic
8593:Legions
8553:Fiction
8523:Consuls
8518:Climate
8472:Ravenna
8467:Pompeii
8457:Lutetia
8422:Bononia
8417:Berytus
8407:Antioch
8382:Zosimus
8377:Zonaras
8352:Sozomen
8337:Priscus
8312:Photius
8154:Terence
8149:Tacitus
8134:Statius
8119:Servius
8104:Sallust
8059:Plautus
8039:Orosius
8019:Martial
7974:Juvenal
7949:Hyginus
7934:Gellius
7793:Writers
7724:History
7706:Thermae
7696:Temples
7646:Bridges
7613:Slavery
7561:Equites
7533:Society
7513:Theatre
7486:Deities
7446:Cuisine
7426:Bathing
7408:Culture
7383:Finance
7360:Economy
7251:Borders
7246:History
7148:Tribune
7143:Praetor
7033:Legatus
7028:Emperor
6915:Curiate
6885:Kingdom
6880:History
6856:History
6839:decline
6797:History
6767:Kingdom
6750:History
6735:Outline
6681:Outline
6634:Temples
6571:Zaliche
6551:Thèrmae
6541:Sesamus
6511:Odessos
6486:Cytorus
6481:Cotyora
6231:Illyria
6196:Mainake
6191:Kypsela
6080:Hycesia
6038:Thermae
6018:Segesta
6008:Messana
5963:Helorus
5943:Calacte
5923:Akragas
5885:Sybaris
5870:Rhegion
5825:Krimisa
5775:Alision
5684:Writing
5657:Locrian
5647:Epirote
5617:Homeric
5550:Artemis
5537:Temples
5478:Olympia
5448:Eleusis
5383:Theatre
5368:Pottery
5295:Warfare
5290:Slavery
5225:Economy
5220:Cuisine
5215:Coinage
5192:Society
5177:Culture
5172:Society
5120:Tyrants
4959:Alcaeus
4941:Authors
4891:Hypatia
4881:Gorgias
4818:Writers
4640:Toxotai
4610:Sarissa
4600:Peltast
4595:Phalanx
4575:Hoplite
4570:Hippeis
4493:Macedon
4465:Spartan
4450:Heliaia
4397:Proxeny
4106:Larissa
4101:Kerkyra
4096:Eretria
4086:Miletus
4081:Ephesus
4076:Corinth
4071:Chalcis
3992:Taurica
3862:Periods
3843:History
3724:Scythia
3691:Illyria
3686:Thracia
3666:Graecia
3436:History
3424:Sources
3084:30 July
3059:30 July
3033:30 July
2937:). In:
2493:Poetics
2480:Molière
2476:theater
2376:theatre
2336:history
2319:Raphael
2181:Caesar)
2150:monarch
2146:emperor
2138:crowned
2076:Romaioi
2032:Maurice
1895:by 476.
1890:Eastern
1886:Western
1872:woman.
1869:familia
1831:Balkans
1791:Illyria
1667:green).
1581:Macedon
1520:Macedon
1496:Corinth
1455:in the
1437:Macedon
1410:Hippias
1326:Sabines
1316:prince
1248:transl.
1244:ἀποικία
1235:apoikia
1214:of the
1154:Corinth
1120:theatre
1062:Etruria
1010:Map of
926:History
909:Western
886:ancient
884:of the
882:culture
663:Oceania
559:Oceania
480:Oceania
414:Ancient
359:Present
202:Physics
157:Element
11048:CANZUK
10938:Speech
10866:Slavic
10844:Gothic
10819:Celtic
10814:Baltic
10713:Values
10514:Values
10074:Greece
9675:Aragon
9654:Amalfi
9639:Venice
9627:Second
9277:Second
9243:Second
9169:Fourth
9159:Second
9132:Second
8984:Second
8930:Fourth
8922:Second
8603:Nomina
8588:Legacy
8568:Gentes
8505:topics
8501:Lists
8482:Smyrna
8362:Strabo
8292:Lucian
8282:Julian
8232:Arrian
8227:Appian
8217:Aelian
8194:Vergil
7969:Justin
7954:Jerome
7939:Horace
7924:Fronto
7914:Florus
7889:Ennius
7869:Cicero
7849:Caesar
7747:Vulgar
7571:Tribes
7498:Romans
7308:Legion
7291:castra
7168:Aedile
7138:Censor
7133:Consul
7093:Caesar
7063:Lictor
6985:Status
6925:Tribal
6905:Senate
6895:Empire
6789:Empire
6725:topics
6671:Portal
6619:People
6607:Cities
6546:Sinope
6531:Rhizos
6521:Phasis
6471:Bathus
6466:Athina
6451:Amisos
6413:Tanais
6408:Pityus
6333:Charax
6284:Pharos
6279:Orikon
6176:Helike
6166:Alonis
6133:Cyrene
6065:Didyme
5978:Himera
5953:Catana
5915:Sicily
5905:Thurii
5900:Terina
5865:Pixous
5820:Hydrus
5795:Croton
5627:Aeolic
5545:Aphaea
5468:Dodona
5453:Delphi
5422:Temple
5098:Others
5049:Sappho
5034:Pindar
5009:Lucian
5004:Ibycus
4989:Hesiod
4926:Thales
4694:Rulers
4673:People
4650:Xyston
4645:Xiphos
4506:Koinon
4412:Tyrant
4402:Stasis
4392:Koinon
4192:Pontus
4167:Epirus
4136:Sparta
4126:Rhodes
4121:Megara
4116:Thebes
4061:Athens
3987:Pontus
3952:Epirus
3942:Cyprus
3927:Aeolis
3749:Africa
3739:Arabia
3676:Gallia
3671:Italia
3659:Europa
3576:about
3337:
3290:
3265:
3236:
3192:
3168:
2901:
2872:
2843:
2506:ballet
2484:Racine
2473:French
2426:marble
2386:, and
2352:Europe
2344:Greece
2280:, the
2253:and a
2251:Senate
2243:(from
2200:Papacy
2189:Moscow
2166:Romioi
2121:, and
2036:Phocas
2001:717–18
1992:Muslim
1907:, and
1841:, and
1829:, the
1815:Trajan
1803:Iudaea
1795:Greece
1727:, the
1717:Greece
1703:, and
1693:Latium
1601:, the
1599:Persia
1533:, the
1492:Thebes
1484:Athens
1461:Sparta
1453:Athens
1443:, and
1441:Thrace
1318:Aeneas
1314:Trojan
1288:Italic
1124:poetry
1092:Greece
1082:Tyrian
1074:Cyprus
1070:Kition
1054:Sicily
1042:Canaan
1030:, and
901:spread
889:Greeks
850:, and
844:Europe
756:Future
696:Europe
644:Africa
617:Modern
596:Europe
545:Africa
513:Europe
461:Africa
225:Ballet
11203:USMCA
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