665:, in March 1447. Gawhar Shad, who had been with him, quickly dispatched a message to Ala al-Dawla, who had been left as Shah Rukh's deputy in Herat, informing him of the sultan's death. However, whilst she and Abdal-Latif were escorting the body back to Herat for burial, the latter turned on his grandmother, taking both her and the corpse hostage. His reasons for this are uncertain, with it being possible that he was attempting to preempt Ala al-Dawla and advance his own claims to the throne. Alternatively, this may have been part of a pre-arranged plan to support the claims of his father
771:
population. Sultan
Muhammad, then facing an insurgency amongst his nobles, was unable to counteract this, instead being forced to devote resources to reestablishing his control over his central territories. However, Abul-Qasim Babur used this opportunity to attempt to retake Herat himself. On his approach Ala al-Dawla retreated to Balkh, though even in his absence it required a long siege by Abul-Qasim Babur to gain the city's surrender.
747:, having earlier inflicted a defeat on Ulugh Beg. Though Ala al-Dawla was still with him at this point, Abul-Qasim Babur was now undoubtedly the more prominent of the two. In spite of this, Ala al-Dawla still remained a threat due to his popularity among the population of Khorasan as well as his receiving their grandmother's continued favour. Abul-Qasim Babur therefore opted to imprison him alongside his son
669:, who was by this point Shah Rukh's last surviving son. Ala al-Dawla, who had been biding his time in Herat, declared himself sultan upon learning of the situation, and distributed his grandfather's treasury among the troops. The prince's soldiers then launched an attack against his renegade cousin, freeing the dowager empress and rescuing his grandfather's body, which he had buried in the
770:
to act as governor. However, by 1451 Ala al-Dawla had gained the support of the Arlat tribe, with whom he had marriage ties, allowing him to make another attempt for the throne. Whilst Sultan
Muhammad was absent fighting their brother, Ala al-Dawla took control of Herat with the aid of the city's
593:. Following his grandfather's death, Ala al-Dawla became embroiled in the ensuing succession struggle. Though he initially possessed a strategic advantage, he was eventually overtaken by his more successful rivals. Ala al-Dawla died in exile after numerous failed attempts to gain the throne.
820:, the ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu, who defeated Ibrahim near Astarabad, forcing him to withdraw to Herat, where he was soon joined by Ala al-Dawla and his forces. However, neither had the strength to resist Jahan Shah and were forced to abandon the city, which was captured in June 1458.
676:
Over the following few months, the various regions of the
Timurid Empire were parcelled off by Shah Rukh's descendants, with the respective princes opting to remain cautious and defensive. During this time, Ala al-Dawla was in an enviable position, holding the wealthy region of
648:
Firuzshah to support Ala al-Dawla's succession to the throne, angering the other princes. When Shah Rukh recovered from his illness and learned of this, he rebuked
Firuzshah, who was unable to bear the disgrace and subsequently died of illness.
696:, which had formerly been the latter's territory. When Ulugh Beg heard that Ala al-Dawla had gathered his army in a move to block him, his amir's advised him to make peace with his nephew. Ala al-Dawla, who had just learned that his brother
640:. However, the prince's focus appears to have been more on the affairs of the royal court rather than his official posting. The following year, he participated in his grandfather's third campaign in Azerbaijan against the
831:, where Abu Sa'id emerged victorious. While Sultan Sanjar was captured and executed, Ala al-Dawla and his son escaped, though Ibrahim died only a few months later. Ala al-Dawla himself died in 1460, while in exile in the
681:, which included his grandfather's former capital of Herat. In addition to this, he commanded the allegiance of most of Shah Rukh's nobles, as well as enjoying the favour of the influential dowager empress Gawhar Shad.
727:. With this failure, Ala al-Dawla lost much support among his followers and never recovered his former pre-eminence. Even his grandmother Gawhar Shad appears to have doubted him, taking refuge instead with his brother
782:
to meet him, though both armies separated without fighting, with each ruler returning to their respective cities. Ala al-Dawla then followed with another attempt to take Herat, this time while in league with the
625:. It is likely that she and Shah Rukh were grooming the boys, the firstborns of their two eldest sons, as potential successors to the throne. However, Ala al-Dawla quickly emerged as his grandmother's favourite.
778:, who had taken the city following the deaths of Ulugh Beg and Abdal-Latif. Ala al-Dawla seized the cities of Shapurqan, Balkh and Hisar, from where he planned to launch his invasion. Abdallah marched out from
815:
after a rule of only a few weeks. However, Ibrahim himself fled upon the approach of Abu Sa'id in July of that year, though the latter failed in capturing the city. These conflicts attracted the attention of
766:, which resulted in the defeat of Abul-Qasim Babur's forces and the capture of the city. Like his brother, Sultan Muhammad was concerned by Ala al-Dawla's continued support in the region and sent him away to
715:
against his cousin and plundered the region. Ulugh Beg used this as a pretext to attack and together with Abdal-Latif, he launched an invasion against his nephew in the spring of 1448. The two armies
553:
704:
to confront his brother's forces, the amirs of both princes urged them to make an alliance, pointing out that Ulugh Beg was aiming for total conquest over his rivals. They agreed to a border at
194:
438:
382:
538:
558:
499:
377:
460:
253:
548:
476:
465:
187:
399:
355:
711:
In the winter of that year, Ala al-Dawla became embroiled in a quarrel with Abdal-Latif, who had been stationed in Balkh as his father's governor. Ala al-Dawla
543:
516:
489:
387:
511:
483:
372:
360:
180:
494:
393:
324:
259:
700:
was making raids near Herat, agreed to the proposal, allowing Ulugh Beg to keep much of Abu Bakr's former territories. As Ala al-Dawla marched to
470:
613:. His mother, Jan Malik Agha, a daughter of the Timurid officer Amir Chulpan Qauchin, had been previously married to Baysunghur's cousin
807:, while Sultan Muhammad was killed by Abul-Qasim Babur, who himself died in 1457. The latter's successor, his eleven-year-old son
1293:
1097:
946:
744:
350:
310:
240:
823:
The following spring, the two princes made an alliance with Sultan Sanjar, who was a grandson of Shah Rukh's eldest brother
628:
Upon
Baysunghur's premature death in 1433, Ala al-Dawla, then sixteen years old, inherited his father's position as
873:
812:
748:
103:
728:
977:
317:
247:
1278:
614:
222:
1288:
1083:
1006:
973:
662:
415:
286:
1283:
828:
762:, then held by Sultan Muhammad. Ala al-Dawla, alongside Gawhar Shad, encouraged Sultan Muhammad to
505:
444:
345:
280:
609:, as well as the only one born of a free wife. His father was himself a son of the Timurid Sultan
716:
427:
298:
228:
697:
617:. Unlike his younger brothers, Ala al-Dawla was raised at the royal court alongside his cousin
332:
1210:
936:
840:
788:
724:
712:
670:
530:
433:
421:
304:
292:
234:
77:
1087:
644:. When Shah Rukh fell ill in 1444, Gawhar Shad, anticipating his death, pushed the powerful
1273:
1268:
932:
763:
522:
366:
8:
824:
880:
800:
452:
1093:
942:
808:
618:
340:
275:
267:
96:
678:
172:
719:, where Ala al-Dawla was defeated, forcing him to withdraw to Abul-Qasim Babur in
1010:
582:
137:
735:, bringing with her many of her relatives, nobles and a large number of troops.
1206:
775:
59:
36:
1262:
1015:. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. p. 46.
689:
784:
641:
586:
832:
622:
41:
774:
In June of that year, Ala al-Dawla made a bid to capture
Samarqand from
905:
817:
804:
779:
633:
606:
147:
754:
However, Ala al-Dawla soon escaped, fleeing first to Ghur and then to
836:
705:
685:
666:
658:
610:
590:
214:
55:
636:, a strategic position and important in the empires defence against
732:
701:
132:
16:
Timurid prince and grandson of the
Central Asian ruler, Shah Rukh
723:. Mashhad was occupied by Ulugh Beg's forces, while Abdal-Latif
755:
720:
637:
767:
693:
602:
165:
32:
758:. When his brother continued to pursue him, he retreated to
684:
The hiatus ended in May when Ulugh Beg, who was ruling from
759:
645:
64:
1092:. Vol. VI. Cambridge University Press. p. 107.
661:
soon after putting down the revolt of another grandson,
799:
In the following years, Abdallah Mirza was executed by
657:
Shah Rukh died of illness in his winter quarters in
202:
860:
Murad Sultan Agha, daughter of Barat Khwaja
Bakhshi
1078:
1076:
1260:
870:Baysunghur Mirza (1435 – 1456) (by Zaynab)
811:, was driven out of Herat by Ala al-Daula's son
787:, which also failed. This resulted in him being
1249:
1237:
1225:
1178:
1082:
827:, against Abu Sa'id. The two forces met in the
1073:
738:
188:
938:Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran
1212:Four Studies on the History of Central Asia
1189:
1187:
1138:
1136:
1123:
1121:
941:. Cambridge University Press. p. 246.
708:and returned to their respective capitals.
1215:. Vol. 2. Brill Archive. p. 164.
1063:
1061:
1036:
1034:
1001:
999:
927:
925:
876:(1440 – 1459) (by Murad Sultan Agha)
803:, a grandson of Shah Rukh's elder brother
195:
181:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
1205:
1184:
1133:
1118:
794:
692:captive and stationed his own troops in
596:
1058:
1031:
996:
922:
743:By February 1449, Abul-Qasim Babur had
1261:
955:
857:Zaynab, daughter of Yadigar Shah Arlat
1005:
972:
632:, as well as his post as governor of
605:in June/July 1417, the eldest son of
176:
1193:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1127:
1112:
1067:
1052:
1040:
1025:
931:
904:Shah Rukh was later reburied in the
652:
978:"ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA, ROKN-AL-DĪN MĪRZĀ"
791:by Abul-Qasim Babur as punishment.
13:
984:. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation
621:by their grandmother, the empress
14:
1305:
1207:Barthold, Vasilii Vladimirovitch
204:Second Timurid Succession Crisis
1243:
1231:
1219:
1199:
1172:
1160:
1148:
898:
1106:
1046:
1019:
879:Ruqaya Sultan Begum – married
571:Rukn-ud-din Ala al-Dawla Mirza
123:Rukn-ud-din Ala al-Dawla Mirza
1:
1294:15th-century monarchs in Asia
1089:The Cambridge History of Iran
1086:; Lockhart, Lawrence (1986).
915:
585:prince and a grandson of the
1250:Jackson & Lockhart (1986
1238:Jackson & Lockhart (1986
1226:Jackson & Lockhart (1986
1179:Jackson & Lockhart (1986
581:, (1417 – 1460) was a
53:1460 (aged 42–43)
7:
10:
1310:
908:in Samarqand by Ulugh Beg.
739:Conflict with his brothers
846:
601:Ala al-Dawla was born in
210:
161:
153:
143:
131:
122:
117:
113:
95:
85:
72:
49:
26:
21:
891:
864:
851:
688:, took Abu Bakr, son of
839:. He was buried in the
745:gained control of Herat
333:Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza
982:Encyclopaedia Iranica
976:(December 15, 1984).
933:Manz, Beatrice Forbes
841:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
795:Final years and death
671:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
597:Early life and career
531:Sultan Husayn Bayqara
78:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
1028:, pp. 46, 252)
1012:The Timurid dynasty
713:launched a campaign
107:Ruqaya Sultan Begum
1240:, pp. 112–13)
1181:, pp. 111–12)
1169:, pp. 268–70)
1157:, pp. 263–64)
843:complex in Herat.
407:Ala al-Dawla Mirza
22:Ala al-Dawla Mirza
1279:People from Herat
1099:978-0-521-20094-3
948:978-1-139-46284-6
829:Battle of Sarakhs
653:War of succession
619:Abdal-Latif Mirza
567:
566:
341:Urdu Bazar Revolt
276:Urdu Bazar Revolt
268:Abdal-Latif Mirza
171:
170:
127:
126:
91:Murad Sultan Agha
68:
45:
1301:
1289:Timurid monarchs
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
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1203:
1197:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
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1131:
1125:
1116:
1110:
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1103:
1080:
1071:
1065:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1003:
994:
993:
991:
989:
970:
953:
952:
929:
909:
902:
698:Abul-Qasim Babur
607:Baysunghur Mirza
205:
197:
190:
183:
174:
173:
148:Baysunghur Mirza
115:
114:
101:Baysunghur Mirza
62:
39:
19:
18:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1284:Timurid dynasty
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1004:
997:
987:
985:
971:
956:
949:
930:
923:
918:
913:
912:
903:
899:
894:
881:Abu Sa'id Mirza
867:
854:
849:
801:Abu Sa'id Mirza
797:
741:
729:Sultan Muhammad
725:conquered Herat
663:Sultan Muhammad
655:
599:
568:
563:
453:Abu Sa'id Mirza
206:
203:
201:
108:
106:
102:
90:
81:
54:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1255:
1254:
1252:, p. 114)
1242:
1230:
1228:, p. 113)
1218:
1198:
1196:, p. 270)
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1145:, p. 261)
1132:
1130:, p. 260)
1117:
1115:, p. 263)
1105:
1098:
1084:Jackson, Peter
1072:
1070:, p. 258)
1057:
1045:
1043:, p. 257)
1030:
1018:
1007:Woods, John E.
995:
954:
947:
920:
919:
917:
914:
911:
910:
896:
895:
893:
890:
887:
886:
883:
877:
871:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
853:
850:
848:
845:
796:
793:
776:Abdallah Mirza
764:march on Herat
740:
737:
654:
651:
615:Iskandar Mirza
598:
595:
565:
564:
562:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
535:
534:
527:
526:
519:
514:
509:
502:
497:
492:
487:
480:
473:
468:
463:
457:
456:
449:
448:
441:
436:
431:
424:
419:
411:
410:
403:
402:
397:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
337:
336:
329:
328:
321:
314:
307:
302:
295:
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278:
272:
271:
264:
263:
256:
251:
244:
237:
232:
225:
219:
218:
211:
208:
207:
200:
199:
192:
185:
177:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
157:Jan Malik Agha
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
138:House of Timur
135:
129:
128:
125:
124:
120:
119:
111:
110:
99:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
76:
74:
70:
69:
60:Timurid Empire
51:
47:
46:
37:Timurid Empire
30:June/July 1417
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1306:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1055:, p. 48)
1054:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1002:
1000:
983:
979:
975:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
950:
944:
940:
939:
934:
928:
926:
921:
907:
901:
897:
889:
884:
882:
878:
875:
874:Ibrahim Mirza
872:
869:
868:
859:
856:
855:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
792:
790:
786:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:met in Tarnab
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Muhammad Juki
687:
682:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
650:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
594:
592:
588:
587:Central Asian
584:
580:
576:
573:, also spelt
572:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
485:
484:4th Samarkand
481:
479:
478:
477:3rd Samarkand
474:
472:
469:
467:
466:2nd Samarkand
464:
462:
461:1st Samarkand
459:
458:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
429:
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:
413:
412:
408:
405:
404:
401:
398:
396:
395:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
373:2nd Asterabad
371:
369:
368:
364:
362:
361:1st Asterabad
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
334:
331:
330:
327:
326:
322:
320:
319:
315:
313:
312:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:
296:
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291:
289:
288:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
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269:
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262:
261:
257:
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164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
121:
116:
112:
105:
104:Ibrahim Mirza
100:
98:
94:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
66:
63:(present-day
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
40:(present-day
38:
34:
29:
25:
20:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1108:
1088:
1048:
1021:
1011:
986:. Retrieved
981:
937:
900:
888:
835:province of
822:
798:
785:Qara Qoyunlu
773:
753:
742:
710:
683:
675:
656:
642:Qara Qoyunlu
638:Uzbek tribes
630:amir-e diwan
629:
627:
600:
579:Ala ud-Daula
578:
575:Ala ud-Dawla
574:
570:
569:
533:'s campaigns
521:
504:
482:
475:
455:'s campaigns
443:
426:
414:
409:'s campaigns
406:
392:
365:
335:'s campaigns
323:
316:
309:
297:
285:
270:'s campaigns
258:
246:
239:
227:
217:'s campaigns
89:Zaynab Arlat
1274:1460 deaths
1269:1417 births
825:Umar Shaikh
623:Gawhar Shad
523:Shahrukhiya
42:Afghanistan
1263:Categories
1194:Manz (2007
1167:Manz (2007
1155:Manz (2007
1143:Manz (2007
1128:Manz (2007
1113:Manz (2007
1068:Manz (2007
1053:Manz (2007
1041:Manz (2007
1026:Manz (2007
916:References
906:Gur-e-Amir
818:Jahan Shah
805:Miran Shah
780:Shahrisabz
673:in Herat.
634:Mazandaran
539:Jauzi Wali
512:Jauzi Wali
400:2nd Sistan
367:Farhadgerd
356:1st Sistan
974:Woods, J.
837:Rostamdar
721:Astarabad
706:Khabushan
686:Samarqand
667:Ulugh Beg
611:Shah Rukh
591:Shah Rukh
559:2nd Herat
544:1st Herat
517:3rd Herat
500:2nd Herat
490:1st Herat
434:1st Herat
422:2nd Balkh
318:Amu Darya
305:1st Herat
293:2nd Balkh
254:Samarkand
248:Amu Darya
235:1st Herat
223:1st Balkh
215:Ulugh Beg
56:Rostamdar
1209:(1963).
1009:(1990).
935:(2007).
885:Shahzade
679:Khorasan
554:Khurasan
416:Nishapur
351:Khurasan
311:Khurasan
287:Nishapur
241:Khurasan
162:Religion
109:Shahzade
988:June 7,
833:Caspian
813:Ibrahim
789:blinded
749:Ibrahim
733:Isfahan
702:Mashhad
583:Timurid
549:Torshiz
506:Sarakhs
495:Murghab
445:Sarakhs
394:Kaburan
346:Damghan
325:Dimishq
281:Damghan
260:Dimishq
80:, Herat
1096:
945:
847:Family
809:Mahmud
756:Sistan
589:ruler
428:Tarnab
299:Tarnab
229:Tarnab
154:Mother
144:Father
86:Spouse
73:Burial
892:Notes
865:Issue
852:Wives
768:Kabul
694:Balkh
603:Herat
439:Balkh
388:Herat
383:Balkh
378:Herat
166:Islam
133:House
118:Names
97:Issue
33:Herat
1094:ISBN
990:2019
943:ISBN
760:Yazd
659:Rayy
646:Amir
577:and
471:Yasi
65:Iran
50:Died
27:Born
731:in
1265::
1186:^
1135:^
1120:^
1075:^
1060:^
1033:^
998:^
980:.
957:^
924:^
751:.
58:,
35:,
1102:.
992:.
951:.
196:e
189:t
182:v
67:)
44:)
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