758:. In the 14th century, Philadelphia was made the metropolis of Lydia by the Greek Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, a status that it still holds. It was granted this honour because the city did not capitulate to the Ottomans. The city was prosperous especially in the 13th and 14th centuries: there was a Genoese trading colony, and the city was an important producer of leather goods and red-dyed silk (whence, perhaps, its Turkish name, which probably means "red city"). By the 14th century, the city was surrounded by Ottoman emirates but maintained nominal allegiance to the Byzantine emperor. The city remained prosperous through trade and its strategic location.
44:
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61:
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714:, the Christian prophetess, was from Philadelphia, however. In about 600, the domed Basilica of St. John was built, remains of which are the main archaeological attraction in the modern city. The Byzantine walls that once surrounded the city have all but crumbled away. A few remnants are still visible at the northeast edge of town, near the bus stand. The city was taken by the Seljuk Turks in 1074 and 1093–1094. In 1098, during the
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1558:
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3185:
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101:
68:
1969:
809:, Alaşehir was severely affected by a fire that broke out. Patrick Kinross wrote, "Alaşehir was no more than a dark scorched cavity, defacing the hillside. Village after village had been reduced to an ash-heap." It is estimated that some 3,000 people died, and 4,300 out of 4,500 buildings were destroyed in the burning of Alaşehir.
1431:(1336–1382): candidate for patriarchate in 1353, wrote Rhodonia (anthology of proverbs and gnomai), catenae ("chains", quotations from theologians attached to Bible verses) on Matthew and Luke, homilies, and a vita of St. Meletios of Galesios
1903:
345:, although cultivation for the fresh fruit market, less labour-intensive than the dried fruit, has gained prominence in recent decades. As Philadelphia, Alaşehir was a highly important center in the
1845:
670:
lasting "ten days", and
Philadelphia was promised a total exemption, or preservation, from temptation, Philadelphia shares with Smyrna the distinction of receiving nothing but praise from
525:(159–138 BC), whose loyalty earned him the nickname, "Philadelphos", literally meaning "one who loves his brother". The city is perhaps best known as the site of one of the
1402:
1392:
3534:
1382:
1428:
1512:
615:(literally, "temple-sweeper", caretaker of the temple). A small theatre, located at the northern edge of Toptepe Hill, is all that remains of Roman Philadelphia.
3564:
1542:
1412:
3569:
1425:(1283–1322): led defense of the city against Turkish attack in 1310; writings include religious poetry, monastic treatises, anti-Arsenite writings, letters
392:
with the Greek name "Philadelphia". According to numismatic evidence, Philadelphia was briefly given the Latin name "Neocaesarea" during the reigns of the
1457:
2186:
Orçun Erdoğan, "The
Remains from Late Antiquity and the East Roman Periods and Their Location within the Lydian City of Philadelphia: New Comments,"
1451:
1865:
The
Imperial Cult and the Development of Church: Order Concepts and Images of Authority in Paganism and Early Christianity Before the Age of Cyprian
1764:
820:("New Philadelphia"), is named from the Greek refugees from Alaşehir (in Greek known as "Philadelphia") who settled there following the war and the
3154:
129:
3325:
2335:
821:
3554:
2300:
1700:
43:
1705:
2992:
643:. Philadelphia is listed as the sixth church of the seven. A letter specifically addressed to the Philadelphian church is recorded in
3544:
706:" in the 6th century AD because of its festivals and temples. Presumably, that indicates that the city was not entirely converted to
691:
278:
773:. Prior to Bayezid I's conquest, it was the last Byzantine Greek stronghold in Asia Minor. Twelve years later, it was captured by
373:
The
Turkish name Alaşehir, which translates as "multicolored town", is first attested in the memoir of the 13th-century historian
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2942:
1983:
3549:
3559:
3121:
2775:
2129:
1944:
1821:
3147:
1586:
509:
Alaşehir began as perhaps one of the first ancient cities with the name
Philadelphia. It was established in 189 BC by King
1978:
678:
churches sometimes use "Philadelphia" as a component in the local church's name as a way of emphasizing its faithfulness.
2895:
2830:
1956:
1909:
1023:
989:
955:
921:
887:
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2712:
2680:
2485:
853:
346:
2514:
2328:
2063:
806:
631:
Although several ancient cities bore the name of
Philadelphia, it is generally agreed to be the one listed among the
2103:
2078:
I. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, "Notes pour l'histoire d'Alaşehir (Philadelphie) au XIVe siècle." In H. Ahrweiler, 1984,
3529:
3140:
2117:
1576:
1571:
1416:
2013:
1886:
656:
60:
3177:
648:
277:. Its area is 971 km, and its population is 104,717 (2022). It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay (
3311:
2494:
1974:
1596:
1581:
93:
3519:
2321:
2556:
2398:
644:
224:
2274:
835:
3417:
1658:
1619:"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"
1471:
1422:
1356:
755:
2913:
2280:
2264:
3539:
2097:
2038:
2752:
2258:
1882:
1406:
1386:
1338:
459:(modern-day Bozdağ) in the rich valley of the Cogamis river, which was a southern tributary of the
2848:
2199:
1645:
3422:
3099:
2795:
2564:
2243:
2158:
1997:
1482:
378:
354:
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2800:
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2166:
743:
632:
581:
526:
396:
3068:
2539:
3338:
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2305:
2053:
1740:
1486:
599:
4.115). In response, the city granted honors to
Tiberius. Evidence from coinage reveals that
549:
472:
362:
2650:
2529:
2523:
1690:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
327:
in antiquity), presenting an imposing appearance when seen from a distance. It has about 45
3402:
3105:
3010:
766:
686:
Philadelphia remained a major
Christian center also after the New Testament period. One of
440:
309:
3514:
3057:
2805:
2545:
828:
8:
3488:
2977:
2619:
2481:
1396:
687:
557:
493:
420:). The town reverted to its original name Philadelphia after Claudius, but under Emperor
389:
293:
266:
171:
30:
3015:
2858:
2590:
2313:
1719:
1618:
777:, who built a wall with the corpses of his prisoners. Later, it passed into the rule of
742:
It was the centre of several revolts against ruling
Byzantine emperors: in 1182, led by
439:(i.e. "Flavia Philadelphia"). The town remained known as Philadelphia until the Ottoman
3412:
3075:
2950:
2885:
2863:
2240:
The
Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia And their place in the plan of the Apocalypse
2224:
1734:
1591:
1521:
1344:
747:
722:
640:
530:
3000:
2843:
778:
3407:
3357:
2965:
2765:
2125:
2059:
1940:
1919:
1817:
1781:
1773:
762:
719:
483:
319:
Alaşehir stands on elevated ground commanding the extensive and fertile plain of the
2853:
2810:
2644:
2603:
2584:
2570:
801:. In 1890, its population consisted of 17,000 Muslims and 4,000 Greeks according to
3032:
3021:
2971:
2960:
2955:
2931:
2908:
2789:
2783:
2746:
2728:
2695:
2664:
2657:
2627:
2577:
1463:
1373:
1352:
751:
350:
308:, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother"), the town was known as such until
261:
3303:
2609:
2393:
2246:, D.C.L, Litt.D., LL.D., Professor of Humanity in the University of Aberdeen, 1904
1813:
The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume VIII: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C.
1769:
3524:
3467:
3087:
3062:
3005:
2903:
2869:
2838:
2820:
2759:
2734:
2689:
2670:
2596:
2534:
2345:
2202:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
1811:
731:
541:
436:
339:
270:
176:
3027:
3093:
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2875:
2815:
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2721:
2701:
2638:
2273:
1898:
1890:
1563:
1490:
817:
798:
636:
332:
313:
301:
216:
3367:
1435:
761:
Philadelphia was an independent neutral city under the influence of the Latin
3508:
3397:
2982:
2925:
2919:
2632:
2294:
2092:
2082:. Centre de recherches d'histoire et de civilisation byzantines. Paris, p. 33
1923:
1894:
1878:
1807:
1803:
1785:
1696:
1691:
1530:
1038:
1025:
1004:
991:
970:
957:
936:
923:
902:
889:
868:
855:
794:
715:
711:
585:
491:
Ancient episcopal sees of the late Roman province of Lydia are listed in the
464:
144:
131:
3387:
2423:
2383:
1848:. In Salazar, Christine F.; Landfester, Manfred; Gentry, Francis G. (eds.).
1648:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
655:
may lie behind the reference to making her church "a pillar in the temple" (
3038:
2433:
2413:
2403:
802:
707:
545:
456:
393:
282:
34:
2418:
2257:
1539:
João de Deus Ramalho, (9 Dec 1953 Appointed – 25 Feb 1958 )
1506:
Georg Christoph Rösch (16 Jul 1612 Appointed – 30 Nov 1634)
692:
epistles in early 2nd century was addressed to the Christians of that city
3472:
3132:
1475:
1361:
702:
Philadelphia was a prosperous Byzantine city that was called the "little
537:
498:
460:
358:
320:
521:
named the city for the love of his brother, who would be his successor,
3382:
3352:
1802:
Habicht, C. (1989). "The Seleucids and their rivals". In Astin, A. E.;
1709:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 472.
736:
675:
667:
652:
618:
563:
522:
518:
510:
212:
1527:
Agnello Renzullo (11 Apr 1924 Appointed – 20 Oct 1925 )
2453:
2443:
1625:
1509:
Michael Dalmeras (23 Oct 1623 Appointed – 13 Dec 1629)
770:
608:
604:
421:
207:
2388:
1536:
Pietro Zuccarino (5 Jan 1951 Appointed – 29 Nov 1953)
475:. Philadelphia was well known for its vulnerability to earthquakes.
3462:
3239:
3223:
2503:
2438:
2293: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2033:
1733:
1503:
Marcus Lyresius (8 Jan 1603 Appointed – 28 Jun 1611)
782:
600:
588:
514:
410:
399:
374:
286:
3447:
3442:
3432:
3392:
3335:
3191:
2428:
2408:
2378:
2368:
2363:
1518:
Domenico Pasi (9 Sep 1913 Appointed – 15 Dec 1919)
1493:
of Philadelphia since the 1500s. Catholic bishops have included:
1061:
622:
St. Jean Church, carved stone slab lying on the floor in Alaşehir
567:
St. Jean Church, carved stone slab lying on the floor in Alaşehir
342:
1877:
611:, Philadelphia housed an imperial cult. Its coins bore the word
548:
allies when he died in 133 BC. Rome established the province of
3452:
3437:
3255:
3207:
2349:
813:
725:. In the 11th to the 15th centuries AD, it was the seat of the
703:
671:
663:
577:
468:
331:. There are small industries and a fair trade. From one of the
328:
324:
274:
164:
1497:
Bernardo Jordán, (14 Apr 1535 Appointed – 1539)
754:. At that time, the bishopric of Philadelphia was promoted to
238:
774:
553:
452:
338:
Within Turkey, the city's name is synonymous with the dried
2093:"ALAŞEHİR Ege bölgesinde Manisa iline bağlı ilçe merkezi."
2343:
1533:(24 Jun 1926 Appointed – 13 Dec 1950 Died)
626:
544:, bequeathed his kingdom, including Philadelphia, to his
681:
580:(Pliny NH 5.111). In AD 17, the city suffered badly in
3264:
2138:
2080:
Philadelphie et autres études. Byzantina Sorbonensia 4
335:
comes a heavily charged water popular around Turkey.
1816:
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 376.
1553:
1545:(22 May 1958 Appointed – 26 Nov 1970)
607:, Philadelphia received his cognomen, Flavia. Under
3333:
1722:, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915).
1524:(7 Apr 1921 Appointed – 21 Dec 1923)
1515:(9 Sep 1904 Appointed – 28 Jul 1913)
576:Philadelphia was in the administrative district of
281:
in antiquity), at the foot of the Bozdağ Mountain (
3535:Populated places established in the 2nd century BC
1902:
1763:
2275:"Philadelphia. I. An ancient town of Lydia"
838:earthquake struck the city and killed 53 people.
3506:
2268:. Vol. I (9th ed.). 1878. p. 443.
48:Map showing Alaşehir District in Manisa Province
2478:
1341:(b. 490) ancient Greek administrator and writer
1332:
793:From 1867 until 1922, Alaşehir was part of the
463:(modern-day Gediz). It was located in southern
3565:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
595:2.47, cf. Strabo 12.8.18, 13.4.10, John Lydus
3319:
3148:
2329:
1478:since the Greco-Turkish population exchange.
822:population exchange between Greece and Turkey
3570:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
591:relieved it of having to pay taxes (Tacitus
357:until the early 20th century, and remains a
1439:Greek-Orthodox metropolises in Asia Minor,
16:District and municipality in Manisa, Turkey
3326:
3312:
3162:
3155:
3141:
2336:
2322:
2124:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 318.
1973:
1910:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
846:For survey of remains see Erdoğan (2015).
487:Church of St John, Philadelphia (Alaşehir)
2002:The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia
1843:
841:
697:
451:Philadelphia was historically located in
2298:
2106:, Centre for Islamic Studies. 1988–2016.
1731:
1695:
1678:
1676:
1434:
1372:
617:
562:
482:
353:periods. It remained a strong center of
285:in antiquity). The town is connected to
2116:
2051:
1984:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1801:
1466:(1685), deposed for becoming a Catholic
504:
431:), the town used the Latin appellation
289:by a 105 km (65 mi) railway.
3507:
1761:
1613:
1611:
627:Philadelphia in the Book of Revelation
3307:
3136:
2317:
1862:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1797:
1795:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1673:
1500:Philippe Musnier (15 Jun 1545 –)
1470:Philadelphia remains the seat of the
1454:(1577) wrote works against the Latins
571:
260:
1918:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 346.
1744:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1587:Early Christian art and architecture
781:until it was ultimately captured by
682:Philadelphia in Patristic literature
3555:Populated places in Manisa Province
2188:Mediterranean Journal of Humanities
1608:
1481:Although the Philadelphia area was
13:
2461:
2452:
2159:"M 6.7 - 9 km WSW of Kula, Turkey"
2058:. Wildside Press LLC. p. 89.
1950:
1830:
1792:
1748:
1368:
14:
3581:
2250:
1939:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
750:, a local Philadelphian, against
186:971 km (375 sq mi)
3545:Roman towns and cities in Turkey
3366:
3280:
3279:
3263:
3247:
3232:
3231:
3216:
3215:
3199:
3183:
3176:
2288:
2122:Atatürk: The Rebirth of a Nation
1967:
1947:), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013
1772:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
1738:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1683:
1661:. General Directorate of Mapping
1556:
1460:(1679), author of numerous works
788:
746:, and 1188–1205 or 1206, led by
100:
99:
92:
67:
66:
59:
42:
3184:
2218:
2205:
2193:
2180:
2151:
2110:
2085:
2072:
2045:
2027:
2018:
2007:
1991:
1961:
1930:
1871:
1856:
1577:Christianity in the 2nd century
1572:Christianity in the 1st century
1417:Third Council of Constantinople
1364:, Turkish president and general
426:
415:
404:
383:
377:. The town was founded by King
3272:Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir)
3248:
3200:
1780:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
1725:
1713:
1651:
1639:
1055:
1:
3550:Catholic titular sees in Asia
2233:
1597:List of earthquakes in Turkey
1582:Early centers of Christianity
1440:
827:The city was the site of the
3560:Districts of Manisa Province
1333:Notable people from Alaşehir
735:(military commander) of the
446:
7:
3122:Metropolitan municipalities
2213:The Ecumenical Patriarchate
2211:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).
2055:The Ecumenical Patriarchate
2052:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).
1844:Olshausen, Eckhart (2006).
1549:
674:. That explains why modern
455:near the northeast foot of
10:
3586:
3418:Alexandria in the Caucasus
2227:at catholic-hierarchy.org.
2104:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
1659:"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri"
1646:Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi
1472:Metropolis of Philadelphia
1423:Theoleptus of Philadelphia
478:
3481:
3375:
3364:
3345:
3170:
3118:
3048:
2991:
2941:
2894:
2829:
2774:
2711:
2679:
2618:
2555:
2513:
2493:
2477:
2473:
2450:
2356:
2098:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam
1762:Berger, Albrecht (2010).
805:. Through the end of the
662:Aside from the fact that
651:). The city's history of
542:Attalid kings of Pergamum
467:, on the road connecting
305:
233:
223:
206:
198:
190:
182:
170:
160:
125:
116:Show map of Turkey Aegean
53:
41:
28:
21:
2102:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
1937:Annuario Pontificio 2013
1602:
1489:have maintained a rival
1407:First Council of Ephesus
1387:Council of Philippopolis
1351:(born in 12th century),
1339:Joannes Laurentius Lydus
952:Necropolis and hypogea (
265:) is a municipality and
113:Alaşehir (Turkey Aegean)
3423:Alexandria on the Indus
2281:The American Cyclopædia
2265:Encyclopædia Britannica
1706:Encyclopædia Britannica
1429:Macarius Chrysocephalas
1039:38.349191°N 28.517434°E
1005:38.350563°N 28.523595°E
971:38.348176°N 28.507955°E
937:38.345505°N 28.514556°E
903:38.345633°N 28.511265°E
869:38.345933°N 28.513970°E
603:helped the city; under
552:in 129 BC by combining
379:Attalus II Philadelphus
368:
202:110/km (280/sq mi)
3530:180s BC establishments
3494:Alexandropolis Maedica
3428:Alexandria Prophthasia
3164:Seven churches of Asia
2467:
2457:
2299:Pétridès, S. (1913). "
2215:. Wildside Press. p89.
2167:U.S. Geological Survey
2039:Historia Ecclesiastica
2024:Lydus de mensibus 4.58
1987:. London: John Murray.
1806:; Frederiksen, M. W.;
1778:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1447:
1378:
1064:in Alaşehir District:
986:Byzantine city walls (
842:Archaeological remains
744:John Komnenos Vatatzes
718:, it was recovered by
698:Byzantine Philadelphia
623:
568:
538:Attalus III Philometer
527:seven churches of Asia
488:
386: 159–138 BC
258:Turkish pronunciation:
3448:Laodicea in Phoenicia
2993:Central East Anatolia
2465:
2456:
2306:Catholic Encyclopedia
1867:. Brill. p. 188.
1863:Brent, Allen (1999).
1741:Catholic Encyclopedia
1732:Pétridès, S. (1913).
1543:Augustin Arce Mostajo
1487:Roman Catholic Church
1438:
1376:
1355:military officer and
1020:Basilica of St John (
621:
566:
486:
363:Roman Catholic Church
355:Orthodox Christianity
3403:Alexandria Arachosia
2190:5/2 (2015): 251-274.
1735:"Philadelphia"
1044:38.349191; 28.517434
1010:38.350563; 28.523595
976:38.348176; 28.507955
942:38.345505; 28.514556
908:38.345633; 28.511265
874:38.345933; 28.513970
767:it was taken in 1390
505:Ancient Philadelphia
199: • Density
3489:Antigonia (Paeonia)
2466:Districts of Manisa
2163:earthquake.usgs.gov
2004:(1904), p. 391-412.
1977:, ed. (1854–1857).
1474:, which has been a
1397:Council of Seleucia
1377:Church of St. John.
1035: /
1001: /
967: /
933: /
899: /
865: /
688:Ignatius of Antioch
558:Kingdom of Pergamon
494:Annuario Pontificio
262:[aˈɫaʃehiɾ]
141: /
3413:Alexandria Eschate
3050:Southeast Anatolia
2943:Northeast Anatolia
2468:
2458:
1887:Lévi-Provençal, E.
1768:. In Fleet, Kate;
1592:Early Christianity
1522:Francis Vazhapilly
1448:
1379:
1345:Theodore Mangaphas
748:Theodore Mangaphas
641:Book of Revelation
624:
572:Roman Philadelphia
569:
540:, the last of the
531:Book of Revelation
489:
437:the imperial house
83:Show map of Turkey
80:Location in Turkey
3520:Alaşehir District
3502:
3501:
3408:Alexandria Ariana
3358:Ptolemais Hermiou
3301:
3300:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3114:
3113:
2259:"Ala-Shehr"
2131:978-0-297-82036-9
1945:978-88-209-9070-1
1850:Brill's New Pauly
1823:978-0-5212-3448-1
1464:Meletius Typaldus
1458:Gerasimus Blachus
884:Ancient Stadium (
850:Ancient Theater (
829:Alaşehir Congress
807:Greco-Turkish War
763:Knights of Rhodes
720:Byzantine Emperor
645:Revelation 3:7–13
536:Lacking an heir,
251:
250:
145:38.350°N 28.517°E
3577:
3540:Attalid colonies
3443:Laodicea Paralos
3370:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3283:
3282:
3267:
3266:
3251:
3250:
3235:
3234:
3219:
3218:
3203:
3202:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3120:
2776:Central Anatolia
2475:
2474:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2155:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2049:
2043:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1906:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1767:
1759:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1615:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1445:
1442:
1395:(deposed at the
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
994:
982:
981:
979:
978:
977:
972:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
948:
947:
945:
944:
943:
938:
934:
931:
930:
929:
926:
918:Ancient Temple (
914:
913:
911:
910:
909:
904:
900:
897:
896:
895:
892:
880:
879:
877:
876:
875:
870:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
752:Isaac II Angelos
430:
428:
419:
417:
408:
406:
387:
385:
310:it was conquered
307:
264:
259:
247:
244:
242:
240:
156:
155:
153:
152:
151:
146:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
117:
103:
102:
96:
84:
70:
69:
63:
46:
19:
18:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3477:
3468:Seleucia Pieria
3371:
3362:
3341:
3332:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3166:
3161:
3131:
3126:
3110:
3044:
2987:
2937:
2890:
2825:
2770:
2707:
2675:
2614:
2551:
2509:
2489:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2448:
2352:
2346:Manisa Province
2342:
2289:
2272:
2256:
2253:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2115:
2111:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2050:
2046:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2014:Revelation 1:11
2012:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1957:Revelation 1:11
1955:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1901:, eds. (1960).
1876:
1872:
1861:
1857:
1852:. Brill Online.
1842:
1831:
1824:
1800:
1793:
1774:Rowson, Everett
1760:
1749:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1699:, ed. (1911). "
1684:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1664:
1662:
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1640:
1630:
1628:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1452:Gabrius Severus
1443:
1371:
1369:Notable bishops
1353:Byzantine Greek
1335:
1330:
1058:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1000:
995:
992:
990:
988:
987:
975:
973:
969:
966:
961:
958:
956:
954:
953:
941:
939:
935:
932:
927:
924:
922:
920:
919:
907:
905:
901:
898:
893:
890:
888:
886:
885:
873:
871:
867:
864:
859:
856:
854:
852:
851:
844:
791:
732:stratopedarches
729:(governor) and
700:
684:
657:Revelation 3:12
629:
574:
556:and the former
507:
481:
449:
425:
414:
403:
382:
371:
347:Early Christian
333:mineral springs
271:Manisa Province
257:
237:
149:
147:
143:
140:
135:
132:
130:
128:
127:
121:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
104:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
75:
71:
49:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
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3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
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3330:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3277:
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3269:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3245:
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3237:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3205:
3198:
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3182:
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3119:
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3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
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3035:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2989:
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2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2923:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2896:East Black Sea
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2831:West Black Sea
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2772:
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2763:
2756:
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2744:
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2732:
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2654:
2647:
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2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2565:Afyonkarahisar
2561:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2519:
2517:
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2340:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2286:
2270:
2252:
2251:External links
2249:
2248:
2247:
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2232:
2230:
2229:
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2204:
2192:
2179:
2150:
2137:
2130:
2109:
2084:
2071:
2064:
2044:
2026:
2017:
2006:
1990:
1975:Smith, William
1960:
1949:
1929:
1904:"Ala S̲h̲ehir"
1883:Kramers, J. H.
1879:Gibb, H. A. R.
1870:
1855:
1846:"Philadelphia"
1829:
1822:
1808:Ogilvie, R. M.
1804:Walbank, F. W.
1791:
1770:Krämer, Gudrun
1747:
1724:
1712:
1697:Chisholm, Hugh
1672:
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1638:
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1600:
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1567:
1564:History portal
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1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1491:titular bishop
1468:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1347:known also as
1342:
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1329:
1328:
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1211:
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1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:Horzumkeserler
1184:
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1062:neighbourhoods
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1018:
984:
950:
916:
882:
843:
840:
818:Nea Filadelfia
799:Ottoman Empire
790:
787:
699:
696:
683:
680:
666:was warned of
649:Revelation 3:9
635:written to by
633:seven churches
628:
625:
573:
570:
517:(197–160 BC).
506:
503:
480:
477:
448:
445:
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367:
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3329:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3289:
3273:
3257:
3241:
3225:
3209:
3193:
3179:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3123:
3117:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
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3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
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2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
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2933:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
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2828:
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2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
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2802:
2799:
2797:
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2791:
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2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2753:Kahramanmaraş
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2713:Mediterranean
2710:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2681:West Anatolia
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
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2327:
2325:
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2296:
2295:public domain
2287:
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2119:
2118:Kinross, Lord
2113:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2065:9781434458766
2061:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1964:
1958:
1953:
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1942:
1938:
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1911:
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1698:
1693:
1692:public domain
1679:
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1660:
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1627:
1620:
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1612:
1607:
1598:
1595:
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1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1554:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:Luigi Mazzini
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:William Giles
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:Morotheodoros
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1225:Kestanederesi
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:Horzumsazdere
1188:
1185:
1183:Horzumembelli
1182:
1180:Horzumalayaka
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1060:There are 87
1048:
1019:
1014:
985:
980:
951:
946:
917:
912:
883:
878:
849:
848:
847:
839:
837:
836:magnitude 6.7
832:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:Aidin Vilayet
789:Modern period
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
733:
728:
724:
721:
717:
716:First Crusade
713:
709:
705:
695:
693:
689:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
620:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
586:Roman Emperor
583:
582:an earthquake
579:
565:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
502:
500:
496:
495:
485:
476:
474:
470:
466:
465:Catacecaumene
462:
458:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
423:
412:
401:
398:
395:
391:
380:
376:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
255:
246:
236:
232:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
175:
173:
169:
166:
163:
159:
154:
126:Coordinates:
124:
95:
62:
52:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
3458:Philadelphia
3457:
3388:Alexandretta
3334:Hellenistic/
3271:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3067:
3037:
3020:
2970:
2930:
2918:
2868:
2788:
2758:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2720:
2700:
2688:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2637:
2620:East Marmara
2602:
2595:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2544:
2522:
2515:West Marmara
2502:
2479:
2373:
2344:Alaşehir in
2304:
2301:Philadelphia
2279:
2263:
2244:W. M. Ramsay
2239:
2225:Philadelphia
2220:
2212:
2207:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2145:
2140:
2121:
2112:
2100:(44+2 vols.)
2096:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2054:
2047:
2037:
2029:
2020:
2009:
2001:
1998:W. M. Ramsay
1993:
1982:
1963:
1952:
1936:
1932:
1915:
1908:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1849:
1812:
1777:
1739:
1727:
1720:Philadelphia
1715:
1704:
1663:. Retrieved
1653:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1480:
1469:
1348:
1177:Hacıhaliller
1138:Dağhacıyusuf
1126:Çarıkkaralar
1111:Caberkonaklı
1059:
845:
833:
826:
812:A suburb of
811:
803:Vital Cuinet
792:
760:
741:
730:
726:
708:Christianity
701:
685:
661:
630:
612:
596:
592:
575:
535:
508:
499:titular sees
492:
490:
461:Hermus River
457:Mount Tmolus
450:
432:
429: 69–79
418: 41–54
407: 37–41
372:
337:
318:
298:Philadelphia
297:
291:
283:Mount Tmolus
253:
252:
35:municipality
3473:Serraepolis
3124:are bolded.
1899:Pellat, Ch.
1891:Schacht, J.
1483:an Orthodox
1476:titular see
1444: 1880
1362:Kenan Evren
1219:Kavaklıdere
1123:Çarıkbozdağ
1108:Caberfakılı
1105:Caberburhan
1056:Composition
1042: /
1008: /
974: /
940: /
906: /
872: /
834:In 1969, a
653:earthquakes
597:de mensibus
359:titular see
321:Gediz River
306:Φιλαδέλφεια
292:Founded in
148: /
3509:Categories
3383:Ai-Khanoum
3353:Alexandria
3336:Macedonian
3069:Diyarbakır
2540:Kırklareli
2424:Şehzadeler
2384:Gölmarmara
2234:References
1765:"Alaşehir"
1485:area, the
1403:Theophanes
1393:Theodosius
1309:Uluderbent
1279:Serinyayla
1141:Delemenler
1129:Çarıktekke
1117:Çakırcaali
1090:Bahçeliköy
1030:28°31′03″E
1027:38°20′57″N
996:28°31′25″E
993:38°21′02″N
962:28°30′29″E
959:38°20′53″N
928:28°30′52″E
925:38°20′44″N
894:28°30′41″E
891:38°20′44″N
860:28°30′50″E
857:38°20′45″N
756:metropolis
737:Thrakesion
676:Protestant
668:temptation
523:Attalus II
519:Eumenes II
511:Eumenes II
191:Population
3100:Şanlıurfa
3076:Gaziantep
2914:Gümüşhane
2886:Zonguldak
2864:Kastamonu
2796:Kırıkkale
2651:Eskişehir
2530:Çanakkale
2524:Balıkesir
2482:provinces
2444:Yunusemre
2419:Saruhanlı
2399:Köprübaşı
2357:Districts
2172:6 January
2148:, p. 343.
1924:495469456
1914:Volume I:
1895:Lewis, B.
1786:1873-9830
1701:Ala-Shehr
1324:Yeşilyurt
1294:Soğukyurt
1282:Şeyhsinan
1267:Sarıpınar
1258:Piyadeler
1246:Narlıdere
1210:Karacalar
1201:İsmailbey
1162:Gülenyaka
1099:Belenyaka
1087:Bahçedere
831:in 1919.
824:of 1923.
771:Bayezid I
723:Alexios I
609:Caracalla
605:Vespasian
447:Geography
443:in 1390.
435:to honor
422:Vespasian
351:Byzantine
316:in 1390.
294:antiquity
241:.alasehir
225:Area code
208:Time zone
3515:Alaşehir
3463:Seleucia
3339:colonies
3288:Laodicea
3240:Thyatira
3224:Pergamon
3058:Adıyaman
2966:Erzincan
2806:Nevşehir
2801:Kırşehir
2766:Osmaniye
2546:Tekirdağ
2504:Istanbul
2495:Istanbul
2480:List of
2439:Turgutlu
2394:Kırkağaç
2374:Alaşehir
2120:(1960).
2034:Eusebius
1810:(eds.).
1776:(eds.).
1550:See also
1415:(at the
1405:(at the
1385:(at the
1383:Cyriacus
1327:Yuvacalı
1303:Toygarlı
1276:Serinköy
1255:Osmaniye
1252:Örnekköy
1243:Menderes
1237:Kurudere
1234:Kurtuluş
1222:Kemaliye
1207:İstasyon
1204:İsmetiye
1168:Gümüşçay
1165:Gülpınar
1147:Esentepe
1135:Dağarlar
1120:Çamlıbel
1114:Çağlayan
1102:Beşeylül
1069:Akkeçili
783:Murad II
613:Neokoron
601:Caligula
589:Tiberius
515:Pergamon
473:Laodicea
441:conquest
411:Claudius
400:Caligula
397:emperors
390:Pergamon
375:Ibn Bibi
314:Ottomans
267:district
254:Alaşehir
172:Province
107:Alaşehir
74:Alaşehir
31:District
23:Alaşehir
3433:Attalia
3393:Antioch
3192:Ephesus
3033:Tunceli
3022:Malatya
3016:Hakkâri
2972:Erzurum
2961:Bayburt
2956:Ardahan
2932:Trabzon
2909:Giresun
2859:Karabük
2849:Çankırı
2790:Kayseri
2784:Aksaray
2747:Isparta
2729:Antalya
2696:Karaman
2665:Sakarya
2658:Kocaeli
2628:Bilecik
2591:Kütahya
2578:Denizli
2429:Selendi
2414:Sarıgöl
2409:Salihli
2379:Demirci
2369:Akhisar
2364:Ahmetli
2297::
2284:. 1879.
2200:Mahalle
2146:Atatürk
2144:Mango,
1694::
1665:12 July
1631:12 July
1357:usurper
1321:Yeniköy
1306:Türkmen
1300:Tepeköy
1291:Soğuksu
1288:Soğanlı
1264:Sakarya
1249:Örencik
1240:Matarlı
1231:Kozluca
1216:Kasaplı
1213:Karadağ
1198:Işıklar
1174:Hacıbey
1159:Göbekli
1156:Girelli
1150:Evrenli
1144:Erenköy
1132:Çeşneli
1093:Baklacı
1084:Bahadır
1081:Badınca
1078:Azıtepe
1075:Aydoğdu
797:of the
765:, when
739:theme.
639:in the
593:Annales
529:in the
479:History
361:of the
343:raisins
340:Sultana
329:mosques
312:by the
279:Cogamus
234:Website
194:104,717
161:Country
136:28°31′E
133:38°21′N
3525:189 BC
3482:Europe
3453:Nicaea
3438:Edessa
3398:Apamea
3346:Africa
3256:Sardis
3208:Smyrna
3106:Şırnak
3088:Mardin
3063:Batman
3011:Elazığ
3006:Bitlis
3001:Bingöl
2904:Artvin
2870:Samsun
2844:Bartın
2839:Amasya
2821:Yozgat
2760:Mersin
2735:Burdur
2690:Ankara
2671:Yalova
2597:Manisa
2557:Aegean
2535:Edirne
2486:region
2389:Gördes
2350:Turkey
2128:
2062:
1979:"Asia"
1972:
1943:
1922:
1897:&
1820:
1784:
1688:
1419:, 680)
1409:, 431)
1399:, 359)
1389:, 344)
1318:Yenice
1312:Üzümlü
1297:Subaşı
1285:Sobran
1270:Sarısu
1261:Şahyar
1228:Killik
814:Athens
779:Junayd
704:Athens
672:Christ
664:Smyrna
584:, and
578:Sardis
469:Sardis
433:Flavia
409:) and
325:Hermus
275:Turkey
177:Manisa
165:Turkey
3094:Siirt
3082:Kilis
2978:Iğdır
2881:Tokat
2876:Sinop
2854:Çorum
2816:Sivas
2811:Niğde
2741:Hatay
2722:Adana
2702:Konya
2645:Düzce
2639:Bursa
2604:Muğla
2585:İzmir
2571:Aydın
2042:5.17.
1622:(XLS)
1603:Notes
1273:Selce
1195:Ilıca
1192:Ilgın
1171:Gürsu
1153:Fatih
1096:Barış
1072:Alhan
775:Timur
712:Ammia
554:Ionia
546:Roman
453:Lydia
394:Roman
388:) of
302:Greek
287:İzmir
213:UTC+3
3376:Asia
2983:Kars
2951:Ağrı
2926:Rize
2920:Ordu
2633:Bolu
2610:Uşak
2434:Soma
2404:Kula
2174:2022
2126:ISBN
2060:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1920:OCLC
1818:ISBN
1782:ISSN
1667:2023
1633:2023
1626:TÜİK
1413:John
1315:Yeni
727:doux
637:John
550:Asia
471:and
369:Name
349:and
243:.bel
229:0236
183:Area
33:and
3039:Van
3028:Muş
2484:by
2348:of
2303:".
1916:A–B
1703:".
769:by
690:'s
659:).
513:of
497:as
296:as
269:of
245:.tr
239:www
217:TRT
3511::
2278:.
2262:.
2242:,
2165:.
2161:.
2095:.
2036:,
2000:,
1981:.
1912:.
1907:.
1893:;
1889:;
1885:;
1881:;
1832:^
1794:^
1750:^
1675:^
1624:.
1610:^
1441:c.
816:,
785:.
710:.
694:.
560:.
533:.
501::
427:r.
416:r.
405:r.
384:r.
365:.
304::
273:,
3327:e
3320:t
3313:v
3156:e
3149:t
3142:v
2337:e
2330:t
2323:v
2309:.
2176:.
2134:.
2068:.
1926:.
1826:.
1788:.
1669:.
1635:.
1446:.
1051:)
1017:)
983:)
949:)
915:)
881:)
647:(
424:(
413:(
402:(
381:(
323:(
300:(
256:(
219:)
215:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
