696:, Shawkani was able to convince the Qasimid rulers to side with the Sunnis. He also campaigned for the 1825 execution of the Zaydi scholar Ibn Hariwa who criticised Shawkani's Sunnification efforts and state policies. Due to the official patronage of Shawkani and other Sunni scholars, Zaydi clerics were unable to stop the spread of hadith-centric approach of Shawkani and his students; who upheld the authority of Sunni
1387:
Shawkänī, as was mentioned already, was opposed to kaläm, which he regarded as a science that led to more confusion than clarity for the believer. He admits that he felt confused by it (lam azdad bihā illā þpiratan) and he found it to consist of idle talk (khuza"balār)... Shawkānī appears to fit more
2342:
Ibn al-Amīr and al-Shawkānī took issue with the cult of saints on the same grounds on the same grounds as Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb: they both adopted Ibn
Taymiyya's ideas concerning tawḥīd and shirk and compared the participants in the cult of saints (al-qubūriyyūn) to the pagan Arabs of Quraysh, arguing
2524:
In 1795, al-Manṣūr ʿAlī (r. 1775–1809) appointed al-Shawkānī to the post of chief judge. He would hold this position for the next thirty-nine years, serving three Qāsimī Imāms and, in the process, fundamentally altering the religious landscape of Yemen... When al-Shawkānī died in 1834, the Qāsimī
1416:
Muhammad al-Shawkani (d. 1839), a famous Yemeni traditionalist and reformer..." "The legacies of Ibn
Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya were also palpable in Arabia in the eighteenth-century traditionalist movement. In Yemen, the most prominent figures in this movement were Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil
530:(judicial verdicts), ash-Shawkani stated "I acquired knowledge without a price and I wanted to give it thus." Part of the fatwa-issuing work of many noted scholars typically is devoted to the giving of ordinary opinions to private questioners. Ash-Shawkani refers both to his major
757:, would later claim ash-Shawkani as an intellectual precursor. Future Yemeni regimes would uphold his Sunnization policies as a unifier of the country, invoking his teachings to undermine Zaydi Shi'ism under the broad label of "Islamic reform". Shawkani is popularly deemed as a
2643:
have continuously used al-Shawkani's teachings and works to undermine the past doctrines of the Zaydi imamate and Zaydi Shi'ism itself. The modern Yamani state has indeed pursued an anti-Zaydi policy in the guise of
Islamic reform, drawing extensively on al-Shawkani's
681:
As chief judge from 1795 until 1834, Shawkani implemented his reformist project with state-backing and placed many of his students in positions of influence, who subsequently carried on his legacy into the 21st century. During the 1796 and 1802 street clashes between
1547:
Nafi, Basheer M. "Abu al-Thana'al-Alusi: An Alim, Ottoman Mufti, and
Exegete of the Qur'an." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34.3 (2002): 465-494. "...al-Shawkani (1760–1834), were all, in varying degrees, interested in Ibn Taymiyya's intellectual
2839:
A different strand of the scripturalist tradition, represented by al-Shawkānī (d. 1250/1834), shares Ibn
Taymiyya's mistrust of philosophy, scholastic theology, isrāʾīliyyāt, and 'heretical' opinions, but places more emphasis on the 'literal meaning' of the
2567:
Al-Shawkani was an outstanding scholar of hadith of his time, who made a lasting impression on later Salafi thought in Yemen, India, Iraq and Syria" .. "Among the most influential of these scholars who shaped later
Salafism was the Yemeni scholar Muhammad
2403:
Zaydis continue to insist that their imams, as members of the
Prophet's family, are more authoritative sources for religious teachings than the Sunni canonical hadith collections on which Shawkani's interpretive methodology is so heavily
610:(1703–1792) who had advocated for similar views and refuted his Yemeni theological opponents in correspondence. Upon hearing the death of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Shawkani wrote a poem praising his efforts to eradicate shirk, defend
2322:
645:
of Yemen in 1795, an office he held until his death. He made a powerful critique of
Zaydism, arguing that many Zaydi theological and legal doctrines have no basis in Scriptures. Meanwhile, Zaydis believed that their
1605:
a number of influential thinkers abandoned
Zaydism for Sunnism. The best known of these are Muhammad b. Isma'il al-San'ani (d. 1769), Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Shawkani (d. 1834), and more recently Muqbil al-Wadi'i (d.
1120:
a number of influential thinkers abandoned
Zaydism for Sunnism. The best known of these are Muhammad b. Isma'il al-San'ani (d. 1769), Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Shawkani (d. 1834), and more recently Muqbil al-Wadi'i (d.
2494:
717:
between 1807 and 1813. Defending the Saudi rulers, Shawkani refuted the allegations that they were from the Khawarij since they followed Ibn Abd al-Wahhab who learned Hadith from the scholars of
889:
work compiled a few decades earlier by Shah Waliullah. Shawkani's Qur'anic interpretations demonstrated a firm belief in Scriptural perfection; which upheld that literal meanings of the
549:
He is credited with developing a series of syllabi for attaining various ranks of scholarship and used a strict system of legal analysis based on Sunni thought. He insisted that the
2314:
944:
He has been described as "an erudite, prolific, and original writer who composed more than 150 books (many of which are multivolume works)", some of his publications including
725:. The reform efforts of Shawkani throughout the 39 years of his tenure as Chief Judge would fundamentally transform the religious landscape of Yemen. By his death in 1834, the
2037:
In his view, Zaydi theological and legal teachings had no basis in revelation but reflected the unsubstantiated opinions of the Zaydi imams and therefore had to be rejected.
1359:
al-Shawkani, Muhammad b. 'Ali (1760–1834)... dismissed speculative theology (kalām) and reason-based arguments as idle talk and was a staunch Salafi in matters of creed
469:
His full name was Muhammad Ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Shawkani. The surname "ash-Shawkani" is derived from Hijrah ash-Shawkan, which is a town outside
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The modern Yemeni state has indeed pursued an anti-Zaydi policy and justifies this under the broad label of Islamic reform and by invoking Shawkani's teachings.
2486:
2950:
1388:
properly, though perhaps not entirely, in the Hanbalī tradition, which rejected outright many of the theological claims made by the various schools of kalām.
971:– Sharh Uddatu Hisna al-Haseen: a superb one volume commentary on the collection "Uddatu Hisna al-Haseen", on ahadith of Adhkar, by Ibn Al-Jazari (d. 833H)
500:. As a result, Shawkani opposed much of the Zaydi doctrines and engaged in vigorous Sunnification campaigns across Yemen during his tenure as Chief
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Shawkani, Muhammad al- (d. 1834) .. he is regarded as a great revivalist ofsunni Islam in his time by various Salafi and Wahhabi movements..
660:; which was the heavy focus of Shawkani's approach. Zaydi doctrines also stipulated that unjust rulers be removed and replaced by a just
602:, a major reference in Islamic law. He also wrote several treatises condemning various popular mystical practices which he viewed to be
741:
of his time; whose ideas influenced later Salafi movements. He played a major role in the revival of the works of medieval theologian
3038:
721:
and they campaigned against superstitious beliefs prevalent in Najd acting upon the views of the Hanbali scholars Ibn Taymiyyah and
1255:"In the late 18th century they supported the reform movement of the Sunni theologian Muhamed bin Ali al - Shawkani ( 1750-1834).."
538:, which he said "could never be counted" and which were not recorded. as-Shawkani were known to be influenced by the though of
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1409:
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804:) was modelled on the literature of Yemeni scholarship, most notably Al-Shawkani, who followed the works of Ibn Taymiyya and
583:(independent legal reasoning) as the solution of the problems faced by Muslims. Shawkani equated unyielding imitation to the
2968:
2993:
657:
431:. His teachings played a major role in the emergence of the Salafi movement. Influenced by the teachings of the medieval
2555:. The Tun -Holyrood Road, 12 (2f) Jackson's Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 12, 77, 223.
575:
was due to their distancing from the Scriptures, the principle sources of religion. Hence he condemned the principle of
3028:
1988:
1627:
1320:
1142:
2249:
L. Esposito, O. Voll, John, John (2001). "1: Introduction: Muslim Activist Intellectuals and Their Place in History".
1404:. The Tun -Holyrood Road, 12 (2f) Jackson's Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 7, 47, 73.
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Sunni doctrine that necessitated obedience to rulers, even the unjust who lacked qualifications. Hence, the ruling
2741:. The Tun -Holyrood Road, 12 (2f) Jackson's Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 90–92.
832:
745:. He was one of the most prominent figures in the late lineage of hadith-oriented Sunni scholars that emerged in
432:
1188:"He taught both at the mosque and in his home, and was a prolific author who wrote in defense of Sunnī Islam.."
2784:. The Tun -Holyrood Road, 12 (2f) Jackson's Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ: Edinburgh University Press. p. 77.
2315:"Al Imam al-Shawkani (d. 1250H) on the Writings, Da'wah and Adversaries of Shaykh Muhammad Bin Abd Al-Wahhab"
243:
1728:. University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48.
455:(speculative theology) as well as for his robust opposition to various folk practices which he condemned as
2852:
2805:
2762:
2580:
2141:
1749:
1429:
3008:
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of Imam al-Mahdi Ahmad b. Yahya al-Murtada (d. 830/1437), the legal corpus of opinions recognised by the
667:
2338:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
825:
704:. Hence, the Zaydis viewed Shawkani as seeking to undermine Zaydism by creating a sect modelled on the
607:
2104:
Al-Shawkani also manifested the general Zaydi, as well as traditionist Sunni, aversion towards Sufism.
2370:
3043:
3023:
2998:
1048:
1035:
2780:
Beránek, Ťupek, Ondřej, Pavel (2018). "2: Early Wahhabism and the Beginnings of Modern Salafism".
2737:
Beránek, Ťupek, Ondřej, Pavel (2018). "2: Early Wahhabism and the Beginnings of Modern Salafism".
2827:. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 829.
1174:
West African ʿulamāʾ and Salafism in Mecca and Medina Jawāb al-Ifrῑqῑ—The Response of the African
2487:"Al Shawkani refuted the notion that followers of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdil Wahaab are Khawarij"
2823:
Shah, Muhammad, Mustafa, Muhammad; Pink, Johanna (2020). "55:Classical Qur'anic Hermeneutics".
919:
860:
805:
722:
1945:
978:
1371:
Haykel, Bernard (2003). "The Absolute Interpreter and Renewer of the Thirteenth Century AH".
399:
91:
1446:
Ali, Mohamed Bin. "Salafis, salafism and modern salafism: what lies behind a term?." (2015).
808:. In recognition of his contributions, Siddiq Hasan Khan ranked Al-Shawkani as amongst the "
2988:
2983:
1417:
al-Sanʿani (referred to as al-Amir al-Sanʿani, d. 1769) and Muhammad al Shawkani (d. 1839).
8:
2640:
783:
502:
247:
1486:
Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change
2846:
2799:
2756:
2574:
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2198:
2135:
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2001:
1907:
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1704:
1637:
1503:
1423:
1286:
1219:
1152:
726:
714:
671:
360:
138:
2870:
Schmidtke, Sabine; Pink, Johanna (2014). "Striving for a New Exegesis of the Qurʾān".
795:
713:
Acting as Mansur's secretary, Shawkani would often correspond with the leaders of the
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1594:
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1405:
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1316:
1272:
1244:
1205:
1177:
1138:
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1084:
787:
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251:
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2190:
2051:
Arabic Thought Beyond the Liberal Age: Towards an Intellectual History of the Nahda
1202:
Arabic Thought Beyond the Liberal Age: Towards an Intellectual History of the Nahda
816:) alongside Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Qayyim and Ibn al-'Amir al-San'ani. Apart from the
2894:
2874:. New York, United States of America: Oxford University Press. pp. 768–770.
2120:(Second ed.). 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017: Routledge. p. 238.
1813:
Moussa, Mohammed (2016). "3: Renewal in the formation of the Islamic tradition".
1310:
932:
915:
870:
768:
638:
539:
425:
373:
212:
180:
32:
2899:
Islam without Europe: Traditions of Reform in Eighteenth-Century Islamic Thought
849:
439:, Al-Shawkani became noteworthy for his staunch stances against the practice of
1064:
738:
542:
Madhhab school and also practicing the jurisprudencial independent thinking or
485:
336:
2782:
The Temptation of Graves in Salafi Islam: Iconoclasm, Destruction and Idolatry
2739:
The Temptation of Graves in Salafi Islam: Iconoclasm, Destruction and Idolatry
2553:
The Temptation of Graves in Salafi Islam: Iconoclasm, Destruction and Idolatry
2194:
1402:
The Temptation of Graves in Salafi Islam: Iconoclasm, Destruction and Idolatry
1172:
Ahmed, Chanfi (2015). "4: The Dār al-Ḥadīth in Medina and the Ahl al-Ḥadīth".
2977:
2953:, which, according to him, represented opinions not rooted in the revelation.
1014:– advice on the etiquette and manners of one who is seeking Islamic knowledge
800:
742:
706:
686:
615:
588:
457:
436:
204:
2969:
Book review: Revival and Reform in Islam: The Legacy of Muhammad al-Shawkani
2597:
1659:
Happy Arabia : from antiquity to Ali Abdullah Salih, the Yemeni unifier
1241:
Happy Arabia : from antiquity to Ali Abdullah Salih, the Yemeni unifier
989:
779:
1981:
Subversives and Mavericks in the Muslim Mediterranean: A Subaltern History
1620:
Subversives and Mavericks in the Muslim Mediterranean: A Subaltern History
1135:
Subversives and Mavericks in the Muslim Mediterranean: A Subaltern History
678:
supported scholars like Al-Shawkani who legitimized their dynastic rule.
557:
was not closed and that the mujtahid was to do ijtihad independent of any
524:
community have to defer in details of religious law. Of his work issuing
2911:
2169:
The Calligraphic State:Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society
2156:
The Calligraphic State:Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society
927:
863:(1703-1762 C.E), Shawkani made significant contributions to the field of
775:
683:
652:
489:
402:
280:
239:
693:
288:
208:
143:
2202:
1315:. f Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. pp. iii, 28, 31.
881:
in 1814, which demonstrated remarkable methodological similarities to
666:, through force, if necessary. In contrast, Al-Shawkani supported the
2512:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 220.
2450:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 220.
1815:
Politics of the Islamic Tradition: The thought of Muhammad al-Ghazali
835:
school that advocated Ibn Taymiyya's doctrines such as opposition to
821:
764:
534:, which were collected and preserved as a book, and to his "shorter"
66:
1983:. United States of America: University of Texas Press. p. 139.
1622:. United States of America: University of Texas Press. p. 139.
1472:
Shawkani .. is a prominent authority for the Salafi version of Islam
1176:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 97.
1137:. United States of America: University of Texas Press. p. 139.
824:
also often refer to Shawkani for legitimacy; citing his support for
737:
Muhammad Al-Shawkani is widely regarded as one of the most prolific
614:
and his call to Quran and Hadith. Reviving the classical theologian
759:
606:(polytheism). He praised the contemporary Arabian Islamic reformer
517:
216:
2292:. New York, NY: Madinah Publishers and Distributors. p. 497.
873:
trends of 18th and early 19th centuries. He completed his seminal
2716:(illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 507.
2340:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 223.
1025:
912:
837:
690:
631:
571:
had been inflicted. Al-Shawkani asserted that the decline of the
568:
558:
554:
543:
446:
428:
161:
2598:
Barak A. Salmoni; Bryce Loidolt; Madeleine Wells (28 Apr 2010).
1460:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 484, 506.
1083:. Birmingham, UK: Dar al Arqam Publishing. pp. 3–4, 12–13.
1034:- includes the denunciation of a text written by the Zaydi Imam
591:(polytheism) and accused scholars promoting such methodology of
449:), calls for direct interpretation of Scriptures, opposition to
424:
theology and is respected as one of their canonical scholars by
2712:
Böwering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Mirza, Mahan, eds. (2013).
1927:
1484:
Haykel, Hegghammer, Lacroix, Bernard, Thomas, Stéphane (2015).
1373:
Revival and Reform in Islam: The Legacy of Muhammad Al-Shawkani
1347:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 506–507.
1061:
Revival and Reform in Islam: The Legacy of Muhammad al-Shawkani
1021:
957:
895:
865:
853:, heresies, etc. emphasising literalist interpretations of the
750:
718:
563:
521:
512:
507:
497:
441:
421:
413:
157:
131:
121:
1765:
Kuwait and Al-Sabah: Tribal Politics and Power in an Oil State
1527:. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 120, 160.
904:
855:
843:
813:
754:
746:
675:
572:
550:
526:
493:
482:
470:
451:
417:
409:
405:
312:
271:
235:
184:
111:
101:
81:
70:
2600:
Regime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon
626:, Shawkānī compared the participants in the cult of saints (
567:
for a mujtahid, which he deemed to be a vice with which the
553:
were required to ask for textual evidence, that the gate of
506:. He also opposed Sufism and mystical practices of numerous
2253:. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 15.
2181:
Hallaq, Wael B. (1984). "Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?".
1563:
Islam in Yemen: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide
1483:
999:
662:
266:
153:
40:
36:
2660:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 507.
2425:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 507.
2391:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 507.
2228:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 506.
2053:. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 95.
1593:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 606.
1488:. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press. p. 158.
1375:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 104.
1304:
1302:
1204:. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 95.
1108:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 606.
1020:– an explanation of the ruling regarding blind following (
420:. Shawkani was one of the most influential proponents of
1967:
al-Badr at-Taali' bi Mahaasin man Ba'd al-Qarn as-Sabi'
899:, are to be the sole authoritative sources of exegesis.
2714:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
2658:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
2423:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
2389:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
2369:. XX, 3–4. University of Amsterdam: 134. Archived from
2226:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
1591:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
1560:
1458:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
1345:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
1299:
1106:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
1008:– his detailed explanation of his Fiqh manual, Ad-Durur
492:. He called for a return to the textual sources of the
2507:
2445:
1792:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 18.
1308:
2248:
1684:
1266:
831:
Shawkani had been a prominent representative of the
2360:"Ijtihad and Taqlid in 18th and 19th century Islam"
1078:
1006:
Ad-Daraaree Al-Mudhiyyah Sharh ud-Durur il-Bahiyyah
907:exegetical endeavours; such as Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān’s
656:(Prophetic family) had stronger authority than the
2822:
2711:
2688:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 290.
2290:Biography and Mission of Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab
1726:Salafism in Nigeria Islam, Preaching, and Politics
749:with Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Wazir (d. 1436 C.E).
1938:
1840:Routledge Handbook of Islamic Ritual and Practice
2975:
2508:Afzal Upal, M. Cusack, Muhammad, Carole (2021).
2446:Afzal Upal, M. Cusack, Muhammad, Carole (2021).
1887:
975:Al-Fawaid al-Majmu'ah Fil Ahadith ul Mau'zoo'ah
618:'s (1263 - 1328 CE/ 661 - 728 AH) doctrines on
2924:
2912:"Fatawa of the rightly guided Imams on Mawlid"
2779:
2736:
2622:
2550:
2087:
2048:
2020:
1978:
1928:"WEBSITE.WS - Your Internet Address For Life™"
1617:
1399:
1199:
1132:
996:Ad-Durur ul-Bahiyyah fil-Masaa'il il-Fiqhiyyah
561:, a view which stemmed from his opposition to
2869:
1312:المذهب العارف ومذاهب أخرى (دائرة المعارف -8-)
2536:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2525:Imāms had fully embraced Sunnī traditionism.
2470:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2343:that the latter were in reality monotheists.
2273:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2183:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2073:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2006:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1912:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1817:. New York, USA: Routledge. pp. 56–59.
1790:Lebanese Salafis between the Gulf and Europe
1709:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1642:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1508:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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790:) and Salafis across the globe. Much of the
377:
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2855:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2808:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2765:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2683:
2583:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1685:Ala Hamoudi, Cammack, Haider, Mark (2018).
1661:. USA: University of Michigan. p. 31.
1432:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1267:Ala Hamoudi, Cammack, Haider, Mark (2018).
1243:. USA: University of Michigan. p. 31.
778:schools. He also profoundly influenced the
774:Beyond Yemen, his works are widely used in
488:family, ash-Shawkani later on converted to
392:Muḥammad ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah
2947:Kitab al-azhar fi fiqh al-a'immat al-athar
1890:Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy
1656:
1238:
516:(monotheism). Shawkani is considered as a
2335:
1862:
23:Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah al-Shawkani
2655:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2386:
2353:
2351:
2287:
2223:
2189:(1). Cambridge University Press: 32–33.
1948:Dogs in the Islamic Tradition and Nature
1888:Carr, Mahalingam, Brian, Indira (1997).
1842:. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 128.
1767:. London, UK: I.B. Tauris. p. 224.
1723:
1680:
1678:
1588:
1556:
1554:
1455:
1342:
1103:
3034:Converts to Sunni Islam from Shia Islam
2872:The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology
2825:The Oxford Handbook of Qur'anic Studies
2510:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
2448:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
1995:Al-Shawkani... converted to Sunni Islam
1867:. London, UK: Saqi Books. p. 146.
1762:
1584:
1582:
510:; considering them to be an affront to
398:(الشوكاني)(1759–1834), was a prominent
2976:
2551:Beránek, Ťupek, Ondřej, Pavel (2018).
2484:
2357:
2312:
2180:
1979:Moreau, Schaar, Odile, Stuart (2016).
1892:. London, UK: Routledge. p. 931.
1837:
1812:
1689:. USA: Aspen Publishing. p. 576.
1618:Moreau, Schaar, Odile, Stuart (2016).
1565:. Oxford University Press. p. 6.
1561:Oxford University Press (1 May 2010).
1522:
1400:Beránek, Ťupek, Ondřej, Pavel (2018).
1370:
1271:. USA: Aspen Publishing. p. 576.
1133:Moreau, Schaar, Odile, Stuart (2016).
1079:ibn Ali al Shawkani, Muhammad (2009).
869:(Qur'anic exegesis) during the era of
729:rulers had fully adopted Sunni Islam.
3004:Yemeni Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
2409:
2348:
2115:
1675:
1551:
1171:
1081:A Critique of the ruling of Al-Taqlid
1018:Al-Qawl ul-Mufeed fee Hukm it-Taqleed
520:, or authority to whom others in the
1920:
1787:
1579:
794:literature condemning grave-visits,
325:ibn ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allah
2497:from the original on 10 March 2021.
1024:) of the opinions of Fiqh schools (
378:
352:
328:
304:
13:
2962:
2485:ul Haq, Asim (16 September 2020).
2358:Peters, Rudolph (September 1980).
2325:from the original on 24 July 2014.
2049:Hanssen, Weiss, Jens, Max (2016).
1525:Yemen: What Everyone Needs to Know
1200:Hanssen, Weiss, Jens, Max (2016).
14:
3055:
3039:Biographical evaluation scholars
2929:(revised ed.). I.B.Tauris.
2627:(revised ed.). I.B.Tauris.
2602:. Rand Corporation. p. 72.
2092:(revised ed.). I.B.Tauris.
2025:(revised ed.). I.B.Tauris.
1012:Adab ut-Talab wa Muntaha al-Arab
641:appointed Shawkani as the Chief
179:Historiographer, bibliographer,
2918:
2904:
2901:, UNC Press Books (2018), p. 11
2888:
2863:
2816:
2773:
2730:
2705:
2677:
2656:Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013).
2649:
2616:
2591:
2544:
2501:
2478:
2439:
2421:Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013).
2387:Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013).
2380:
2329:
2306:
2281:
2242:
2224:Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013).
2217:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2118:Islam in Historical Perspective
2109:
2081:
2042:
2014:
1972:
1960:
1881:
1856:
1831:
1806:
1781:
1756:
1717:
1650:
1611:
1589:Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013).
1541:
1516:
1477:
1456:Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013).
1449:
1440:
1393:
1364:
1343:Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013).
1104:Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013).
903:laid the groundwork for future
763:of his era by adherents of the
2686:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
1336:
1309:Ahmad Farid Al-Mazidi (2023).
1260:
1232:
1193:
1165:
1126:
1097:
1072:
240:Al-Sayyid Muhammad Rashid Rida
1:
2925:Farhad Daftary (2 Dec 2013).
2623:Farhad Daftary (2 Dec 2013).
2088:Farhad Daftary (2 Dec 2013).
2021:Farhad Daftary (2 Dec 2013).
1054:
244:Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani
16:Yemeni theologian (1759–1834)
2945:, al-Shawkani denounced the
2313:ul Haq, Asim (August 2011).
2251:Makers of Contemporary Islam
1724:Thurston, Alexander (2016).
1687:Islamic Law in Modern Courts
1657:Saint-Prot, Charles (1999).
1269:Islamic Law in Modern Courts
1239:Saint-Prot, Charles (1999).
476:
7:
1865:The History of Saudi Arabia
1042:
608:Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
598:Al-Shawkani wrote the book
10:
3060:
2994:19th-century Yemeni people
2684:L. Esposito, John (2003).
2167:cited in Messick, Brinkly
2154:cited in Messick, Brinkly
1863:Vassiliev, Alexei (1998).
3029:Quranic exegesis scholars
2195:10.1017/S0020743800027598
2116:Knysh, Alexander (2017).
812:" (greatest guardians of
732:
385:
359:
335:
329:بن علي بن محمد بن عبدالله
311:
287:
278:
260:
225:
195:
190:
175:
167:
149:
137:
127:
117:
107:
97:
87:
77:
59:
51:
46:
28:
21:
2927:A History of Shi'i Islam
2851:: CS1 maint: location (
2804:: CS1 maint: location (
2761:: CS1 maint: location (
2625:A History of Shi'i Islam
2579:: CS1 maint: location (
2336:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
2288:Abualrab, Jalal (2013).
2140:: CS1 maint: location (
2090:A History of Shi'i Islam
2023:A History of Shi'i Islam
1748:: CS1 maint: location (
1428:: CS1 maint: location (
1049:List of Islamic scholars
1036:Al-Mahdi Ahmad bin Yahya
939:
658:Sunni hadith collections
630:) to the pagan Arabs of
616:Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyya
1838:Leaman, Oliver (2022).
1763:Azoulay, Rivki (2020).
847:(scholastic theology),
464:
2171:, Berkeley 1993, p.150
2158:, Berkeley 1993, p.145
1523:Orkaby, Asher (2021).
920:Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi
861:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
841:(Islamic philosophy),
723:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
2941:In his book entitled
1788:Pall, Zoltan (2013).
700:over the opinions of
2641:republicans in Yaman
2376:on 17 February 2019.
1954:Scholar of the House
928:Muhammad Rashid Rida
2951:Hadawi Zaydi school
2367:Die Welt des Islams
1950:(Article Included)"
969:Tuhfatu al-Dhakirin
784:Indian subcontinent
248:Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz
826:Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
715:Emirate of Diriyah
637:The Imam of Yemen
394:, better known as
199:Influenced by
2943:al-Sayl al-jarrar
2881:978-0-19-969670-3
2834:978-0-19-969864-6
2791:978-1-4744-1757-0
2748:978-1-4744-1757-0
2667:978-0-691-13484-0
2562:978-1-4744-1757-0
2519:978-90-04-42525-5
2457:978-90-04-42525-5
2432:978-0-691-13484-0
2398:978-0-691-13484-0
2299:978-0-9856326-9-4
2235:978-0-691-13484-0
2127:978-1-138-19369-7
1849:978-0-367-49123-9
1824:978-1-138-84121-5
1799:978-90-8964-451-0
1735:978-1-107-15743-9
1600:978-0-691-13484-0
1467:978-0-691-13484-0
1411:978-1-4744-1757-0
1354:978-0-691-13484-0
1183:978-90-04-27031-2
1115:978-0-691-13484-0
1090:978-1-9164756-4-9
1032:Al-Sayl al-jarrar
979:fabricated hadith
924:Maḥāsin al-Taʾwīl
788:Siddiq Hasan Khan
389:
388:
369:
345:
321:
297:
252:Siddiq Hasan Khan
3051:
3009:Shaykh al-Islāms
2956:
2955:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2902:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2842:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2803:
2795:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2752:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2570:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2535:
2527:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2461:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2418:
2407:
2406:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2264:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2131:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1903:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1739:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1700:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1633:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1427:
1419:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1215:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1148:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1076:
1028:) and its harms.
984:Irshad ul Fuhool
977:a collection of
956:, a well known
573:Muslim community
381:
380:
363:
355:
354:
339:
331:
330:
315:
307:
306:
291:
150:Main interest(s)
63:1834 CE /1250 AH
55:1759 CE /1173 AH
19:
18:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3044:Hadith scholars
3024:Proto-Salafists
2999:Non-conformists
2974:
2973:
2965:
2963:Further reading
2960:
2959:
2937:
2923:
2919:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2895:Ahmad S. Dallal
2893:
2889:
2882:
2868:
2864:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2821:
2817:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2778:
2774:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2654:
2650:
2635:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2596:
2592:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2549:
2545:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2506:
2502:
2483:
2479:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2419:
2410:
2399:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2362:
2356:
2349:
2334:
2330:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2286:
2282:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2222:
2218:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2086:
2082:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2019:
2015:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1977:
1973:
1969:, vol. 2 pg.214
1965:
1961:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1761:
1757:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1722:
1718:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1655:
1651:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1616:
1612:
1601:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1521:
1517:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1398:
1394:
1383:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1307:
1300:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1237:
1233:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1170:
1166:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1131:
1127:
1116:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1077:
1073:
1057:
1045:
964:al-Badr at-tali
942:
933:Tafsir al-Manar
810:Huffāz al-Islām
739:Hadith scholars
735:
540:Dawud al-Zahiri
479:
467:
406:Islamic scholar
376:
362:
350:
338:
326:
314:
302:
290:
256:
250:
246:
242:
238:
231:
230:
221:
213:Dawud al-Zahiri
201:
200:
181:Islamic scholar
168:Notable work(s)
73:
64:
33:Shaykh al-Islam
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3057:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2935:
2917:
2903:
2887:
2880:
2862:
2833:
2815:
2790:
2772:
2747:
2729:
2722:
2704:
2694:
2676:
2666:
2648:
2633:
2615:
2608:
2590:
2561:
2543:
2518:
2500:
2491:System of Life
2477:
2456:
2438:
2431:
2408:
2397:
2379:
2347:
2328:
2319:'Wahhabis'.com
2305:
2298:
2280:
2259:
2241:
2234:
2216:
2173:
2160:
2147:
2126:
2108:
2098:
2080:
2059:
2041:
2031:
2013:
1990:978-1477319956
1989:
1971:
1959:
1937:
1919:
1898:
1880:
1873:
1855:
1848:
1830:
1823:
1805:
1798:
1780:
1773:
1755:
1734:
1716:
1695:
1674:
1667:
1649:
1629:978-1477319956
1628:
1610:
1599:
1578:
1571:
1550:
1540:
1533:
1515:
1494:
1476:
1466:
1448:
1439:
1410:
1392:
1381:
1363:
1353:
1335:
1322:978-2745182647
1321:
1298:
1277:
1259:
1249:
1231:
1210:
1192:
1182:
1164:
1144:978-1477319956
1143:
1125:
1114:
1096:
1089:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1065:Bernard Haykel
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1015:
1009:
1003:
993:
981:
972:
966:
961:
951:
941:
938:
833:traditionalist
798:and idolatry (
734:
731:
478:
475:
466:
463:
445:(imitation to
387:
386:
383:
382:
371:
357:
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347:
333:
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323:
309:
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285:
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109:
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30:
26:
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22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3056:
3045:
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3032:
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3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
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2995:
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2987:
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2944:
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2936:9780857735249
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2744:
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2733:
2725:
2723:9780691134840
2719:
2715:
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2701:
2697:
2695:0-19-512558-4
2691:
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2634:9780857735249
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710:school.
702:Zaydi Imams
674:dynasty of
653:Ahl al-Bayt
508:Sufi orders
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396:al-Shawkānī
374:Al-Shawkānī
281:Arabic name
274:(1795–1834)
88:Nationality
2978:Categories
2644:teachings.
1055:References
988:a book on
960:(exegesis)
871:revivalist
806:Ibn Qayyim
796:necrolatry
639:Mansur Ali
414:theologian
337:Teknonymic
313:Patronymic
229:Influenced
209:Ibn Qayyim
176:Occupation
144:Salafiyyah
2847:cite book
2800:cite book
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2532:cite book
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1328:20 August
1287:cite book
1220:cite book
1153:cite book
1026:Madhaahib
918:reformer
905:reformist
786:(such as
477:Biography
361:Toponymic
3019:Mujaddid
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2323:Archived
1548:legacy."
1043:See also
893:and the
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760:Mujaddid
668:Quietist
593:apostasy
585:madhhabs
518:mujtahid
435:scholar
418:reformer
379:الشوكاني
349:Abu ʻAlī
301:Muḥammad
289:Personal
217:Ibn Hazm
139:Movement
78:Religion
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1932:umma.ws
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838:Falsafa
782:in the
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672:Qasimid
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581:Ijtihad
569:Shariah
559:madhhab
555:ijtihad
544:Ijtihad
433:Hanbali
429:Muslims
353:أبو علي
236:Sunnism
234:Modern
162:Aqeedah
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769:Salafi
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29:Title
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