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features, and interior states. The concept of place and emotion were also connected, with poets drawing on a set of symbols from a specific regions' "gods, food, fauna, flora, music" and other local landmarks or symbols of the region. Murali has suggested that this is can be interpreted as an early poetic for the "
64:. Each poem was in aciriyam meter consisting of 13 to 31 lines. Some of the poems were contemporary for the time, and historians have suggested the poems were written as a means of preserving the tradition in the face of rising literacy among the elite, and the simultaneous decline of power among tribal leaders.
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As poems concerning courtship, they often relied on an intermediary figure, "the playmate," to cultivate the relationship or serve as an early go-between amongst the woman and her suitor. Often a maid or servant of the love interest, the playmate's role grants her greater freedom of movement, which
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Akam poetry typically explains the background of the lovers' story around three concepts: time and place (mudal), natural setting (karu) and their actions (uri). The poems often rely on these natural settings as metaphors for the lovers' actions, blending seasonal changes, the external natural
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As power shifted away from Jain and
Buddhist chieftains to Hindu ones, poems began to be contextualized and appropriated, including Akam poetry, which increasingly included the names of Hindu gods and even began to cast Buddhist and Jain saints negatively, or included commentaries that
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Initially an oral tradition, 400 early Akam dating to the 1st century BCE to 2nd century CE were first compiled in the third century into an anthology known as
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48:) concerns the subject of war. It can also be translated as love and heroism. It is further subdivided into the five
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Murali, S. (1998). "Environmental
Aesthetics Interpretation of Nature in "Akam" and "Puram" Poetry".
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she uses to arrange trysts between lovers and to advance their relationship toward marriage.
52:. The type of love was divided into seven ranging from unrequited love to mismatched love.
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Chellappan, K.; Prabakaran, M.S. (1980). "The 'Playmate' in Tamil Akam Poetry".
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Subbiah, G. (1983). "King, Kingship and King-poets in early
Tamilakam".
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Rajesh, V (2006). "The making of the ancient Tamil literary canon".
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Landscape and Poetry: A Study of Nature in
Classical Tamil Poetry
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The Smile of
Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India
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241:: 86–100.
186:References
364:(1973b),
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120:Yearning
92:Landscape
84:ecosystem
62:Akananuru
385:(1974),
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106:குறிஞ்சி
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125:marutam
103:kuṟiñci
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136:neital
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72:Themes
50:thinai
331:JSTOR
275:JSTOR
243:JSTOR
216:JSTOR
147:pālai
46:puṟam
26:Tamil
391:ISBN
370:ISBN
308:link
150:பாலை
95:தினை
37:akam
31:அகம்
21:Akam
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