372:
664:
has the earliest known mentions of some stories such as "Krishna stealing sarees of Gopis" which is found later in north Indian literature, making it probable that some of the ideas from Tamil Hindu scholars inspired the
Sanskrit scholars in the north and the
712:
poems such as 10, 35, 140 which were probably completed between 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE, while few poems are believed to be composed around the late 2nd century BCE based on the mentions of the Maurya and the Nanda empire. Most of the
687:
poems were likely composed later in the Sangam period than other akam poetry based on the linguistic evidence, the introduction of mathematical arrangement, and given the mention of overseas trade and north Indian dynasties. According to
443:. The collected poems were composed by 144 poets, except 3 poems which are by anonymous author(s). The poems range between 13 and 31 lines, and are long enough to include more details of the subject, episode and its context. According to
511:
were probably composed sometime between 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE, the middle layer between 2nd and 4th century CE, while the last layers were completed sometime between 3rd and 5th century CE. Other names for
574:, involved in some secret discussions, when the birds are chirping away. This seems to indicate that the story of the Ramayana was familiar in the Tamil lands before the
484:(riverine farmlands). The anthology was compiled by Uruttiracanman, the son of Maturai Uppurikuti Kilan under the patronage of the Pandyan king Ukkiraperuvaluti. The
1236:
Selby, Martha Ann (2011) Tamil Love Poetry: The Five
Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Early Third-Century Anthology. Columbia University Press,
675:
which is complex, containing layers that go back to the 1st or 2nd centuries BCE, Consists the parts of
Krishna Playing with Gopis and stealing sarees.
1191:
Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana
Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - Reprinted by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983)
488:
poems offer many valuable cultural insights as well as historically significant evidence and allusions. For example, poem 69, 281 and 375 mention the
696:
poems were composed over several centuries, likely from 1st to 3rd century CE. Other scholars such as
Vaiyapuri Pillai chronologically place the
466:(coastal landscape); poems bearing number 2 and then in increments of 6 followed by 4 (that is number 8, 12, 18, 22, 28, etc.) belong to the
1654:
1135:
961:
173:
1591:
1576:
1335:
447:– a Tamil literature and history scholar, they are "one of the most valuable collections" from ancient Tamil history perspective.
273:
161:
1824:
1819:
1543:
1145:
1106:
1079:
965:
924:
2011:
297:
199:
1161:
168:
2037:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
1634:
120:
1303:
1279:
1258:
1241:
1227:
1206:
380:
1986:
1743:
249:
1383:
125:
993:
536:
As many as 145 poets are said to have contributed to
Akananuru collection. Perunthevanaar, who translated the
225:
2047:
1829:
1044:
232:
1328:
553:
156:
1860:
1619:
77:
472:(mountainous landscape); poems bearing number 4 and then in increments of 10 (14, 24, 34, 44, etc.) are
237:
2042:
2001:
1839:
335:
2006:
1463:
261:
362:
132:
1844:
1748:
1476:
1428:
1378:
764:
504:, and a number of poems echo the Hindu puranic legends about Parasurama, Rama, Krishna and others.
1996:
1970:
1644:
1321:
304:
149:
144:
1733:
1538:
848:
660:
and others. According to Alf
Hiltebeitel – an Indian Religions and Sanskrit Epics scholar, the
70:
50:
1196:
65:
1764:
1471:
1433:
1293:
969:
454:
anthology is notable for its mathematical arrangement: the odd number poems are dedicated to
212:
106:
1792:
1787:
1609:
540:
into Tamil, is one of the authors. Rudrasarman compiled this anthology at the behest of the
507:
According to Kamil
Zvelebil – a scholar of Tamil literature and history, a few poems in the
478:(pastoral forests); poems with number 6 and then in increments of 10 (16, 26, 36, etc.) are
309:
1586:
1481:
268:
256:
244:
94:
1137:
Love in
Sanskrit and Tamil Literature: A Study of Characters and Nature, 200 B.C.-A.D. 500
8:
1875:
1834:
1670:
204:
292:
1991:
1944:
1571:
1071:
Rome and the
Distant East: Trade Routes to the Ancient Lands of Arabia, India and China
1019:
916:
Rome and the Distant East: Trade Routes to the Ancient Lands of Arabia, India and China
689:
280:
220:
137:
460:(arid landscape); poem number ten and its multiples (10, 20, 30, etc., up to 400) are
1782:
1566:
1299:
1275:
1254:
1237:
1223:
1202:
1141:
1102:
1075:
920:
853:
843:
830:
768:
633:
436:
428:
58:
30:
23:
1101:. University of Chicago Press (Motilal Banarsidass 1991 Reprint). pp. 188–190.
1918:
1649:
667:
424:
192:
496:, the poem 148 mentions Greek-Romans (Yavanas) as trading gold for pepper through
101:
2016:
1939:
1880:
1581:
1497:
1269:
1248:
1217:
1096:
1069:
914:
285:
1923:
1690:
1344:
1289:
1165:
777:(The heroine's companion consoles her friend at the advent of the rainy season)
733:
444:
398:
89:
1738:
1162:"Publication Division | Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India"
938:
936:
42:
2031:
1949:
1913:
1890:
1685:
1513:
1448:
1443:
1398:
1388:
489:
187:
371:
1885:
1865:
1705:
1453:
1403:
1393:
1373:
1368:
1363:
933:
493:
1639:
1614:
1438:
575:
571:
567:
537:
439:. It is a collection of 400 love poems with invocatory poem dedicated to
340:
962:"The Tamil language: A brief history of the language and its literature"
1870:
1624:
729:
category in its subject matter. The poems of this anthology are of the
649:
384:
113:
82:
1965:
1723:
1680:
1629:
1358:
896:
894:
823:
On the mountain, tall and huge, east of Urantai of dinsome festivity!
672:
352:
321:
37:
1728:
736:. Akananuru contains 401 stanzas and is divided into three sections
1797:
1115:
559:
891:
316:
1700:
1313:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
787:
The buds of Illam and the green trunk Kondrai have unfolded soft;
717:
was likely composed sometime between the 2nd and 5th century CE.
657:
497:
440:
413:, literally "four hundred in the akam genre"), sometimes called
347:
1695:
541:
866:
1675:
1222:. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
501:
783:
Poured amain big drops of rain and augured the rainy season;
1895:
1518:
1098:
The Cult of Draupadī: Mythologies from Gingee to Kurukserta
821:
O friend whose fragrance is like unto the blossoming Kantal
708:
anthologies. According to Kamil Zvelebil, except for a few
653:
597:
584:
563:
376:
785:
Buds with pointed tips have sprouted in the jasmine vines;
819:
He rushes onward thinking all along of your great beauty.
767:
has published a full translation of all the 400 songs by
1271:
The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India
1046:
The Smile of Murugan on Tamil Literature of South India
817:
That live on the pollen of the blossoms in the bushes.
789:
The stags, their black and big horns like twisted iron
1295:
Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature
594:
From the branches of which birds chirped ceaselessly
1088:
805:
Driving fast his ornate chariot drawn by the steeds
803:
Our hero of the hilly track will be coming eftsoon,
793:
And leap out jubilantly having slaked their thirst;
791:
Rushed up toward the pebbled pits filled with water
408:
1246:
1219:The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia
1121:
900:
612:A town where women would collect blooms of neytal
590:Now, the dinsome village is wrapped up in silence
2029:
1067:
912:
1094:
1267:
991:
955:
953:
951:
942:
885:
813:As he drives, he has the chariot bells tied up
604:That he might discuss in peace secret matters.
592:Like unto the banyan tree of many a stilt root
1329:
959:
620:Where the fresh and golden blossoms of Nalal
1201:. Asian Educational Services. p. 115.
948:
648:mentions Various Vishnu avatharams such as
423:"anthology of long poems"), is a classical
402:
1336:
1322:
801:Behold there O friend of choicest bangles!
639:
1133:
1024:. Madras, British India: The Ananda Press
781:The rumbling clouds winged with lightning
720:
562:in poem 70. The poem places a triumphant
1592:Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition
1288:
1042:
1036:
1011:
618:In the watery fields, hard by the shore,
616:Which would blossom amidst green foliage
606:At the hoary Tanushkoti upon the shore —
370:
799:And the forest looks exceedingly sweet;
759:
2030:
1194:
1017:
815:So as not to disturb the union of bees
1544:World Classical Tamil Conference 2010
1317:
966:Indian Institute of Technology Madras
811:Will sound like the strumming of Yal.
626:To adorn themselves on festival days.
558:The Akanāṉūṟu has a reference to the
547:
1049:. Leiden, The Netherlands: E J Brill
807:With waving plumes and trimmed manes
795:The wide expansive Earth is now free
610:The wielders of victorious spears –,
200:Tamil history from Sangam literature
1215:
797:From all agonies of the summer heat
13:
1343:
1195:Pillai, M. S. Purnalingam (1994).
671:, or vice versa. However the text
622:And punnai trees shed their pollen
492:, poems 251 and 265 allude to the
16:Work of classical Tamil literature
14:
2059:
2007:Ancient manuscript digitalisation
1074:. A&C Black. pp. 48–50.
919:. A&C Black. pp. 48–50.
624:And make picturesque the sand —-,
1134:Nadarajah, Devapoopathy (1994).
1018:Pillai, M S Purnalingam (1904).
381:Srivaikuntanathan Perumal temple
1987:Standardisation of Tamil script
1154:
1127:
1061:
992:Dakshinamurthy, A (July 2015).
725:Aganaṉūṟu book comes under the
985:
976:
945:, pp. 41–43 with Chart 4.
906:
743:(களிற்றுயானைநிறை), 121 stanzas
608:The town of the great Pandyas,
500:– an ancient Kerala port near
1:
1250:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics
1216:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2003).
994:"Akananuru: Neytal – Poem 70"
859:
809:When the stiffly tugged reins
1140:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
1021:A Primer of Tamil Literature
755:(நித்திலக்கோவை), 100 stanzas
554:Ramayana in Tamil literature
18:
7:
1861:Megalithic graffiti symbols
1620:Nālāyira Tivviya Pirapantam
1247:Takanobu Takahashi (1995).
837:
749:(மணிமிடைபவளம்), 180 stanzas
409:
10:
2064:
2002:Printing in Tamil language
551:
531:
336:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
2038:Tamil-language literature
1979:
1958:
1932:
1904:
1853:
1810:
1773:
1757:
1714:
1663:
1600:
1559:
1552:
1531:
1506:
1490:
1462:
1421:
1414:
1351:
1068:Raoul McLaughlin (2010).
913:Raoul McLaughlin (2010).
596:And which the triumphant
544:king Ukkiraperuvazhuthi.
403:
360:
327:
210:
179:
112:
57:
48:
29:
21:
1749:Tamil Lexicon dictionary
1429:Bangalore Tamil dialects
1095:Alf Hiltebeitel (1988).
1043:Zvelebil, Kamil (1973).
765:Bharathidasan University
602:With a show of his hand,
1997:Simplified Tamil script
1645:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
1268:Kamil Zvelebil (1973).
1122:Takanobu Takahashi 1995
901:Takanobu Takahashi 1995
678:
640:Krishna leela Reference
1734:Purapporul Venbamaalai
1539:World Tamil Conference
849:Eighteen Greater Texts
835:
771:in 3 volumes in 1999:
721:Poetic characteristics
388:
375:Man size sculpture of
274:Tiṇaimālai Nūṟṟaimpatu
51:Eighteen Greater Texts
1765:Yāḻpāna Vaipava Mālai
1434:Central Tamil dialect
1384:Proto-South Dravidian
1298:. BRILL. p. 73.
773:
578:of the 12th century.
374:
213:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2048:Ancient Indian poems
1830:Indo-Aryan languages
1655:Tamil Ganaptya texts
1587:List of Sangam poets
1532:Global organizations
982:Reddy 2003, p. A-240
760:English Translations
427:work and one of the
1835:Dravidian languages
1635:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
972:on 21 January 2004.
943:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
886:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
827:Akananuru: Mullai 4
630:Akananuru: Palai 70
205:Ancient Tamil music
121:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
1992:Tanittamil Iyakkam
1945:Tamil onomatopoeia
1572:Tamil books of Law
1253:. BRILL Academic.
960:C. V. Narasimhan.
741:Kalintruyanainirai
690:Takanobu Takahashi
614:With rounded stems
570:, sitting under a
548:Ramayana Reference
389:
162:Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
2043:Sangam literature
2025:
2024:
2012:Formation of CICT
1806:
1805:
1783:Asthana Kolahalam
1567:Sangam literature
1527:
1526:
1147:978-81-208-1215-4
1124:, pp. 51–53.
1108:978-81-208-1000-6
1081:978-1-84725-235-7
926:978-1-84725-235-7
903:, pp. 46–47.
888:, pp. 53–54.
854:Sangam literature
844:Eight Anthologies
831:A. Dakshinamurthy
769:A. Dakshinamurthy
634:A. Dakshinamurthy
437:Sangam literature
429:Eight Anthologies
369:
368:
365:
329:Bhakti Literature
262:Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu
174:Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
169:Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai
59:Eight Anthologies
31:Sangam literature
24:Sangam literature
2055:
1919:Tamil honorifics
1650:Vinayagar Agaval
1615:Kampa Irāmāyaṉam
1577:Five Great Epics
1557:
1556:
1419:
1418:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1285:
1264:
1233:
1212:
1198:Tamil Literature
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1168:on 17 March 2014
1164:. Archived from
1158:
1152:
1151:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
989:
983:
980:
974:
973:
968:. Archived from
957:
946:
940:
931:
930:
910:
904:
898:
889:
883:
829:, Translated by
747:Manimidaipavalam
668:Bhagavata Purana
632:, Translated by
412:
406:
405:
361:
269:Aintinai Eḻupatu
257:Aintiṇai Aimpatu
250:Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu
238:Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu
193:Sangam landscape
19:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2017:Project Madurai
1975:
1959:Transliteration
1954:
1940:Tamil phonology
1928:
1906:
1900:
1881:Pallava grantha
1849:
1813:other languages
1812:
1802:
1776:natural science
1775:
1774:Mathematics and
1769:
1753:
1716:
1710:
1659:
1602:
1596:
1582:Ponniyin Selvan
1548:
1523:
1502:
1498:Malaysian Tamil
1491:Southeast Asian
1486:
1458:
1410:
1379:Proto-Dravidian
1347:
1342:
1312:
1306:
1290:Zvelebil, Kamil
1282:
1261:
1230:
1209:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
990:
986:
981:
977:
958:
949:
941:
934:
927:
911:
907:
899:
892:
884:
867:
862:
840:
834:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
779:
762:
723:
681:
642:
637:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
595:
593:
591:
589:
576:Kamba Ramayanam
556:
550:
534:
298:Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu
226:Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai
17:
12:
11:
5:
2061:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1924:Tamil numerals
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1793:Kaṇita Tīpikai
1790:
1788:Kaṇakkatikāram
1785:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:Tamil language
1341:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1286:
1280:
1265:
1259:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1213:
1207:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1153:
1146:
1126:
1114:
1107:
1087:
1080:
1060:
1035:
1010:
984:
975:
947:
932:
925:
905:
890:
864:
863:
861:
858:
857:
856:
851:
846:
839:
836:
774:
761:
758:
757:
756:
750:
744:
722:
719:
680:
677:
641:
638:
580:
552:Main article:
549:
546:
533:
530:
445:Kamil Zvelebil
367:
366:
358:
357:
355:
350:
344:
343:
338:
332:
331:
325:
324:
319:
313:
312:
310:Mutumoḻikkānci
307:
305:Ciṟupañcamūlam
301:
300:
295:
289:
288:
283:
277:
276:
271:
265:
264:
259:
253:
252:
247:
241:
240:
235:
229:
228:
223:
217:
216:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
190:
184:
183:
181:Related topics
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
135:
133:Malaipaṭukaṭām
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
80:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
55:
54:
46:
45:
40:
34:
33:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2060:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1950:Tamil prosody
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Tamil grammar
1912:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Tamil Braille
1889:
1887:
1886:Modern script
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:Brahmin Tamil
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:Madurai Tamil
1447:
1445:
1444:Madras Bashai
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Second Sangam
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:Tamil Sangams
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1307:
1305:90-04-09365-6
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1281:90-04-03591-5
1277:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1260:90-04-10042-3
1256:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1242:9780231150651
1239:
1235:
1231:
1229:9780521011099
1225:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1208:81-206-0955-7
1204:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1023:
1022:
1014:
999:
995:
988:
979:
971:
967:
963:
956:
954:
952:
944:
939:
937:
928:
922:
918:
917:
909:
902:
897:
895:
887:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
865:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
833:
832:
828:
778:
772:
770:
766:
754:
753:Nittilakkovai
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
737:
735:
732:
728:
718:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
676:
674:
670:
669:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
636:
635:
631:
599:
588:
586:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
555:
545:
543:
539:
538:Mahabharatham
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Maurya Empire
487:
483:
482:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
458:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:
411:
400:
396:
395:
386:
382:
378:
373:
364:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
330:
326:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
209:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
182:
178:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
158:
157:Paṭṭiṉappālai
155:
154:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:Maturaikkāñci
136:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu
124:
122:
119:
118:
115:
111:
108:
107:Patiṟṟuppattu
105:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
60:
56:
53:
52:
47:
44:
41:
39:
36:
35:
32:
28:
25:
20:
1866:Tamil-Brahmi
1744:Caturakarāti
1717:dictionaries
1715:Grammars and
1610:Cīrappurānam
1454:Nellai Tamil
1404:Third Sangam
1394:First Sangam
1374:Manipravalam
1369:Modern Tamil
1364:Middle Tamil
1294:
1270:
1249:
1218:
1197:
1185:Bibliography
1170:. Retrieved
1166:the original
1156:
1136:
1129:
1117:
1097:
1090:
1070:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1045:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1020:
1013:
1001:. Retrieved
997:
987:
978:
970:the original
915:
908:
826:
776:
775:
763:
752:
746:
740:
730:
726:
724:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
684:
682:
666:
661:
645:
643:
629:
582:
581:
557:
535:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
485:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
451:
449:
432:
425:Tamil poetic
420:
415:
414:
393:
392:
390:
328:
233:Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu
211:
180:
150:Neṭunalvāṭai
145:Mullaippāṭṭu
49:
1739:Tolkāppiyam
1640:Thiruppugal
1439:Kongu Tamil
572:Banyan tree
568:Dhanushkodi
416:Nedunthokai
383:located in
341:Ramavataram
293:Ācārakkōvai
286:Tirikaṭukam
245:Kār Nāṟpatu
66:Aiṅkurunūṟu
43:Tolkāppiyam
2032:Categories
1876:Vatteluttu
1603:literature
1601:Devotional
1553:Literature
1507:Sociolects
1477:Batticaloa
1464:Sri Lankan
860:References
706:Kuṟuntokai
700:after the
650:Parasurama
585:Sri Rama's
433:Ettuthokai
385:Tamil Nadu
281:Tirukkuṟaḷ
114:Ten Idylls
90:Kuṟuntokai
83:Kalittokai
78:Puṟanāṉūṟu
22:Topics in
1933:Phonology
1905:Lexis and
1871:Koleḻuttu
1811:Tamil and
1724:Agattiyam
1681:Iraichchi
1630:Tirumurai
1625:Tēmpāvaṉi
1359:Old Tamil
1274:. BRILL.
998:Akananuru
715:Akananuru
710:Akananuru
698:Akanaṉūṟu
694:Akananuru
685:Akananuru
673:Harivamsa
662:Akanaṉūṟu
646:Akananuru
526:Agananuru
522:Ahananuru
518:Ahappattu
514:Akananuru
509:Akananuru
486:Akananuru
452:Akananuru
435:) in the
410:Akanāṉūṟu
394:Akananuru
353:Tirumuṟai
322:Kainnilai
221:Nālaṭiyār
102:Paripāṭal
71:Akanāṉūṟu
38:Agattiyam
1798:Yerambam
1560:Classics
1415:Dialects
1292:(1992).
838:See also
702:Narrinai
587:Victory)
560:Ramayana
516:include
404:அகநானூறு
377:Sri Rama
95:Natṟiṇai
1907:grammar
1854:Scripts
1825:Sinhala
1820:English
1758:History
1701:Ullurai
1472:Negombo
1352:History
1172:11 July
1053:22 July
1028:22 July
1003:22 July
658:Krishna
600:stilled
532:Authors
498:Muziris
481:marutam
469:kuṟiñci
441:Perumal
401::
348:Tevaram
1980:Events
1845:Korean
1729:Nannūl
1696:Thinai
1664:Poetry
1482:Jaffna
1422:Indian
1302:
1278:
1257:
1240:
1226:
1205:
1144:
1105:
1078:
923:
731:Akaval
692:, the
542:Pandya
524:, and
494:Nandas
475:mullai
463:neytal
188:Sangam
1840:Malay
1691:Puram
1676:Venpa
1671:Kural
734:meter
502:Kochi
457:palai
399:Tamil
363:edit
317:Elāti
1971:Moḻi
1896:Arwi
1686:Akam
1519:Arwi
1300:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1255:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1174:2013
1142:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1055:2019
1030:2019
1005:2019
921:ISBN
727:Agam
704:and
683:The
679:Date
654:Rama
644:The
598:Rama
564:Rama
450:The
421:lit.
391:The
1966:ISO
1706:Ulā
566:at
379:in
2034::
996:.
964:.
950:^
935:^
893:^
868:^
656:,
652:,
528:.
520:,
407:,
1337:e
1330:t
1323:v
1308:.
1284:.
1263:.
1232:.
1211:.
1176:.
1150:.
1111:.
1084:.
1057:.
1032:.
1007:.
929:.
825:—
628:—
583:(
431:(
419:(
397:(
387:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.