33:
482:
231:
1958:
597:
968:
1045:. The destruction of Burret's type collections left many species only known from his original descriptions, which generally lacked illustrations. Other specimens (called neotypes) were designated to replace these, either by Rodrigo Bernal and colleagues in 1989 or by Borchsenius and Bernal in their 1996 monograph of the genus. Bernal and colleagues attempted to retrace Kalbreyer's travels in northern Colombia and collect specimens from as close as possible to the location of the original collections.
60:
3734:
671:
female flowers. Flower colour is poorly known. It must be recorded from live plants, since preserved flowers lose their colour over time, and records of these species in the wild are incomplete. Male flowers tend to fall into two groups—those with cream or yellow flowers and those with some amount of purple in the flowers. Female flowers are even less well known than male flowers.
691:
Trichotomosulcate pollen, on the other hand, has three furrows. The outer layer of the pollen is covered to a greater or lesser extent with ridges, spines or warts. This "sculpting" tends to be more pronounced in species that are fly-pollinated and less pronounced in those that are pollinated by beetles or bees.
667:. The rachis bears rachillae, which are smaller branches which themselves bear the flowers, while the peduncle is the main stalk connecting the rachis with the stem of the plant. In some species there is second-order branching—the rachillae themselves are branched and the flowers are borne on these branches.
1034:, and not being familiar with the variation present in natural populations, Burret placed almost every specimen into a distinct species. The bombing of the Berlin Herbarium during the Second World War destroyed the only known collections for 13 of these 32 species, further complicating the situation.
670:
Flowers are usually borne in groups of three—one female flower together with two male flowers. In some species groups of four flowers (two male and two female) have been reported. At the far end of the inflorescence, away from the axis of the tree, pairs of male flowers replace the triads of male and
1247:
to describe a plant that belonged to the same species (and may have been the same individual) described by
Willdenow. Borchsenius and Bernal cite an 1809 publication date for Jacquin's description, which gave precedence to Willdenow's name. However, the more recent World Checklist (2006) gives an
690:
is a furrow which runs along the surface of the pollen grain and is usually the site at which pollination occurs. Monosulcate pollen has a single furrow that runs along the pole of the pollen grain. Meridionosulcate pollen have a furrow that runs along the equator of the pollen grain.
3405:
Banwell, Martin G.; Anna Bezos; Satish Chand; Gerd
Dannhardt; Werner Kiefer; Ulrike Nowe; Christopher R. Parish; G. Paul Savage; Holger Ulbrich (2003). "Convergent synthesis and preliminary biological evaluations of the stilbenolignan (±)-aiphanol and various congeners".
497:) clumps. Coupled with variation in stem size, this produces a diversity of growth forms in the genus—solitary (single-stemmed) palms that grow into the subcanopy of the forest, solitary or caespitose palms that grow in the forest understorey and
630:, the spines are formed from the outer tissues of the plant and are not derived through the modification of other plant organs. They range from less than 1 millimetre (0.04 in) to more than 25 centimetres (9.8 in) long.
354:
leaves. Stems, leaves and sometimes even the fruit are covered with spines. Plants flower repeatedly over the course of their lifespan and have separate male and female flowers, although these are borne together on the same
544:
are single-stemmed palms which grow to be more than 10 metres (33 ft) tall, while the remainder are multi-stemmed understorey species. Multi-stemmed palms range from plants with a single main stem and a few
769:
chromosome counts vary from 15 to 18. Borchsenius and Bernal report that it is difficult to get accurate chromosome counts in palms and that differences in chromosome counts may reflect these difficulties.
1113:, bringing the total number of accepted species to 22. In two cases the destruction of the only known collections made it impossible to be absolutely certain that a name was a synonym. The current
588:
Leaves are spiny but the degree varies both within and among species. Leaf sheaths are always densely spiny, but the spines usually become smaller and sparser towards the ends of the leaves.
674:
Pollen grains are usually spherical to ellipsoid in shape, sometimes triangular, about 20 to 30 micrometres along their long axis and 20 to 30 ÎĽm in diameter. They are typically
549:
to caespitose clumps of 20 densely packed stems. A variety of growth forms can exist within a single species and this appears to be influenced by habitat and environmental conditions.
1093:
In the three decades following Burret's delimitation of the genus a further 15 species were described, bringing the total species count to 47. Borchsenius and Bernal determined that
2477:
Dransfield, John; Natalie W. Uhl; Conny B. Asmussen; William J. Baker; Madeline M. Harley; Carl E. Lewis (2005). "A New
Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae".
359:. Although records of pollinators are limited, most species appear to be pollinated by insects. The fruit are eaten by several birds and mammals, including at least two species of
450:
is a genus of spiny palms ranging from 20-metre (66 ft) tall subcanopy trees to small shrubs with subterranean stems growing in the forest understorey. Its name combines the
3177:
Svenning, J.-C. (2001). "Environmental heterogeneity, recruitment limitation and the mesoscale distribution of palms in a tropical montane rain forest (Maquipucuna, Ecuador)".
2113:
are reported to eat its fruit and disperse its seeds. Squirrels are also reported to consume the fruit, despite the spiny nature of the tree. The fruit, flowers and seeds of
2142:
Several species show clumped distributions. Dispersal limitation has been invoked to explain the clumped distribution of adults and limited recruitment of seedlings in both
561:
species are usually pinnately divided—rows of leaflets emerge on either side of the axis of the leaf in a feather-like or fern-like pattern. The sole exception to this is
3442:
1433:
532:—occur in both acaulescent populations and those which produce above-ground stems. Several species are single-stemmed understorey palms, an unusual growth form.
1875:
1675:
1510:
3008:
Svenning, Jens-Christian (1998). "The effect of land-use on the local distribution of palm species in an Andean rain forest fragment in northwestern
Ecuador".
2007:
forests at high elevations or in wet—often very wet—lowland forests, including areas receiving as much as 9,000 mm (350 in) of annual precipitation.
1708:
528:
1889:
1664:
1620:
1499:
659:
1609:
1587:
563:
1488:
1317:
683:
1931:
1653:
1642:
679:
516:
2660:
5312:
2158:
in
Colombian forests may be linked to limited seed production and the limited effectiveness of seed dispersal by avian and mammalian frugivores.
575:
leaf arrangement, a condition that is normal in palm seedlings but uncommon among adults. Old leaf bases detach cleanly from the stem, except in
2380:
Nadot, S.; A. Forchioni; L. Penet; J. Sannier; A. Ressayre (2006). "Links between early pollen development and aperture pattern in monocots".
5338:
5448:
1038:
663:
often bears then in groups of three at a single node. The inflorescence usually consists of a main axis consisting of a peduncle and a
3531:
2218:
1380:
473:
are generally very hard to spot and find in dense vegetation and, accordingly, are among the most poorly collected neotropical palms".
5364:
2550:
Bernal, Rodrigo G.; Gloria
Galeano-Garcés; Andrew Henderson (1989). "Neotypification of Colombian Palms Collected by W. Kalbreyer".
1939:
was threatened by logging given its limited distribution and poor ability to regenerate in disturbed forests. In addition to these,
5260:
3474:. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Vol. 52. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1–415.
3213:
3052:
5325:
5273:
2003:
is found in areas receiving as little as 500 mm (20 in) of precipitation annually. The remaining species are found in
350:
compound leaves (leaves which are divided into leaflets arranged feather-like, in pairs along a central axis); one species has
3214:"RegeneraciĂłn de palmas in bosques nativos y plantaciones del Sanctuario de Fauna y Flora OtĂşn-Quimbaya (Risaralda, Colombia)"
3446:
3344:
3239:
Morcote-RĂos, Gaspar; Rodrigo Bernal (2001). "Remains of Palms (Palmae) at
Archaeological Sites in the New World: A Review".
2354:
1987:
and in more humid forest types, but there is a gap in its distribution which coincides with the wettest forests of the upper
1068:. In their 1996 monograph, Borchsenius and Bernal questioned the applicability of these subgenera. They recognised that if
5330:
2444:
Asmussen, Conny B.; John
Dransfield; Vinnie Deickmann; Anders S. Barfod; Jean-Christophe Pintaud; William J. Baker (2006).
1144:. In their 1996 monograph, Borchsenius and Bernal questioned the applicability of these subgenera. They recognised that if
1296:
1217:
276:
1826:
1949:, is present at such low densities that it was classified as a rare species by Francis Kahn and Farana Moussa in 1994.
1121:, recognises 26 species, including four species described since the publication of Borchsenius and Bernal's monograph.
436:
3319:
622:. They are found almost everywhere on the plants and are especially well-developed on the stem, leaf bases, and the
5443:
5343:
5299:
1026:
recognised 32 species. Seventeen of these were new species, mostly based on collections made by German botanist
645:, meaning that there are separate male and female flowers, but individuals plants bear both types of flowers. In
3524:
2014:
exist for only a few species, but most of these suggest that the species are pollinated by insects. Flowers of
5382:
2981:
Bernal, Rodrigo; Gloria
Galeano (2006). "Endangerment of Colombian Palms (Arecaceae): change over 18 years".
1870:
608:
312:
5200:
5195:
3299:
1187:
733:, which encases the seed, is brown or black and very hard at maturity. Seeds are light brown with a thin
203:
5252:
5377:
2714:
2709:
2669:
2640:
1118:
5438:
3517:
1883:(which was classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List). They classified two species as endangered—
1098:
59:
5278:
2446:"A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny"
3543:
2927:
1374:
1094:
335:
222:
5369:
2966:
2851:
2812:
2773:
1869:
expanded this list in a 2005 review of the status of
Colombian palms. They listed two species as
47:
1979:
species are palms of the forest understorey and subcanopy. The most widely distributed species,
1791:
to the insular Caribbean, is the only species absent from the South American mainland. Although
1191:
389:
had also been applied to the genus, and between 1847 and 1932 it was generally used in place of
5247:
5148:
2169:
species have a long history of human use. The remains of carbonised seeds thought to belong to
1851:
1444:
1389:
1256:
797:
5317:
2357:. Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Michigan Technological University. Archived from
2214:
2129:
1230:
366:
180:
5356:
5221:
3248:
3151:
3067:
3017:
2121:
1835:
1554:
1264:
262:
1935:. The threats to these species were not listed, but Jens-Christian Svenning reported that
572:
8:
3966:
2628:
2476:
2132:
1984:
1818:
1742:
1565:
1196:
1174:
The earliest botanical description of a species in the genus was made by French botanist
1027:
3497:. New York Botanical Garden Press on behalf of Organization for Flora Neotropica: 1–94.
3252:
3225:
3155:
3071:
3021:
505:
5403:
5186:
4077:
3498:
3272:
3264:
3194:
3083:
3033:
2567:
2522:
2486:
2443:
2405:
2118:
1941:
1846:
1841:
1734:
1697:
1455:
1272:
889:
726:
246:
54:
2867:
2624:
730:
712:
5433:
5351:
5208:
3423:
3340:
3315:
2994:
2943:
2904:
2828:
2789:
2750:
2462:
2445:
2397:
1946:
1921:
1821:
in western Colombia and Ecuador and another minor one in northeastern Peru. The 2006
1576:
1477:
1422:
1154:
1078:
846:
708:
641:
species are pleonanthic—they flower repeatedly over the course of their lifespan—and
623:
3276:
3198:
3087:
3037:
2409:
5408:
5213:
4902:
4047:
3489:
3415:
3256:
3186:
3159:
3075:
3025:
2990:
2961:
2922:
2846:
2807:
2768:
2559:
2457:
2389:
2226:
1899:
1771:
1631:
1543:
1532:
1521:
1400:
1322:
982:
957:
872:
821:
717:
687:
576:
534:
510:
428:
343:
196:
16:
Genus of spiny palms native to tropical South and Central America and the Caribbean
3133:
2358:
1260:
1225:. This is the oldest validly published name for any member of the genus. The name
5042:
4713:
4583:
4507:
4479:
4451:
4431:
3890:
3711:
3553:
3163:
3138:; Russ Lea (2007). "Using artificial canopy gaps to restore Puerto Rican Parrot (
2071:
2043:
1904:
1857:
1598:
1466:
1208:
1175:
989:
642:
616:
540:
327:
97:
2700:
266:
5171:
5056:
4986:
4944:
4909:
4790:
4769:
4631:
4597:
4293:
4186:
3931:
3751:
3718:
3480:
3307:
3303:
3135:
2230:
2178:
2031:
1866:
1411:
1338:
1042:
466:
285:
84:
3190:
3029:
2393:
1166:
overly heterogeneous. Consequently, they abandoned Burret's use of subgenera.
1090:
overly heterogeneous. Consequently, they abandoned Burret's use of subgenera.
5427:
5126:
5021:
4867:
4846:
4410:
4394:
4217:
4208:
4056:
3973:
3901:
3791:
3591:
2952:
2913:
2876:
2837:
2798:
2759:
2206:
2091:
2063:
2039:
2023:
1822:
1686:
650:
585:, which often has old leaf bases attached to the newer portions of the stem.
522:
451:
432:
360:
356:
323:
110:
2181:; seeds of this species are still consumed and are traded in local markets.
1031:
5395:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5035:
5014:
4993:
4972:
4923:
4776:
4727:
4720:
4706:
4670:
4645:
4638:
4417:
4362:
4300:
4036:
4015:
3994:
3924:
3849:
3835:
3821:
3762:
3628:
3571:
3427:
3404:
2549:
2401:
2234:
2004:
1988:
215:
188:
1182:
between 1689 and 1695. Both of Plumier's species are now considered to be
734:
596:
5286:
5180:
5105:
5070:
4958:
4916:
4888:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4797:
4783:
4615:
4528:
4472:
4424:
4335:
4314:
4266:
4070:
4029:
3938:
3856:
3828:
3697:
3642:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3562:
2087:
2075:
2047:
2027:
1179:
1015:
944:
675:
619:
568:
546:
498:
413:
123:
2605:
George R. Proctor, in Acevedo-RodrĂguez & Strong (2005), pp. 138–139
2490:
2062:
was thought to be pollinated by bees and possibly by wind. Fruit flies (
1030:
in northern Colombia between 1877 and 1881. Working with a very narrow
373:
in 1801. Before that, species belonging to the genus had been placed in
230:
5265:
5119:
5063:
4895:
4874:
4811:
4804:
4762:
4734:
4679:
4652:
4604:
4514:
4458:
4355:
4346:
4286:
4277:
4238:
4144:
4063:
4022:
3910:
3881:
3807:
3704:
3683:
3662:
3580:
3502:
3314:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 171–174.
3268:
3260:
3079:
2623:
2571:
2109:
is rich in vitamins and energy and likely to be eaten by many animals.
2011:
1730:
1023:
985:
654:
494:
394:
351:
339:
207:
153:
32:
5291:
3733:
2233:; inhibition of these enzymes can provide relief from the symptoms of
2128:) and is also considered a potentially important food species for the
5234:
5049:
5028:
4979:
4853:
4686:
4574:
4549:
4521:
4465:
4403:
4328:
4321:
4307:
4224:
4151:
4135:
4115:
4088:
3952:
3870:
3742:
3690:
3669:
3540:
3419:
3298:
2095:
2055:
2035:
1800:
1009:
997:
754:
738:
571:
leaves. They are usually spirally arranged, but some species have a
462:
423:
407:
331:
315:
143:
5142:
3472:
Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
2563:
1295:
and the latter name was rarely used between 1847 and 1932. In 1857
5390:
5165:
5112:
5007:
5000:
4965:
4951:
4937:
4590:
4556:
4442:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4259:
4252:
4193:
4179:
4158:
3800:
3771:
3653:
3635:
3509:
2379:
2174:
2067:
1810:
1788:
1746:
1550:– Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, northwestern Brazil, Bolivia
1283:
did not fit any existent species, it was redefined by Kunth to fit
992:
722:
481:
163:
133:
5239:
2558:(1). International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT): 98–107.
1361:, Burret changed his mind about the genus and synonymised it with
967:
493:
While some species are single-stemmed, others form multi-stemmed (
5304:
4930:
4860:
4755:
4697:
4659:
4542:
4493:
4245:
4172:
4165:
4124:
4097:
4001:
3987:
3980:
3959:
3917:
3842:
3676:
2110:
1961:
1814:
1799:
and southern Venezuela these reports have not been verified with
1754:
1242:
1003:
948:
766:
742:
381:
375:
347:
319:
2902:
401:
in 1932 and laid the basis for the modern concept of the genus.
4839:
4624:
4563:
4500:
4231:
4104:
4008:
3945:
3814:
3469:
3211:
2865:
2019:
1817:
and northern Peru. Other species have narrower ranges with one
1796:
1758:
1738:
664:
461:, meaning "evident", "visible" or "conspicuous". In their 1996
405:
is most closely related to several other genera of spiny palms—
5226:
4881:
4748:
4741:
4486:
3863:
3780:
1750:
1162:) it could form a viable grouping, but that this would leave
1086:) it could form a viable grouping, but that this would leave
704:
308:
71:
2627:; J. Henderson; S.F. Zona; D.R. Hodel; A. Henderson (2006).
1200:
and illustrations of that species and what is thought to be
1957:
1762:
44:
3238:
2527:
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code)
711:), which can be either smooth or spiny, covers the fleshy
3478:
2051:
1109:. Borchsenius and Bernal also described one new species,
649:, male and female flowers are borne together on the same
1248:
1801 publication date for Jacquin's description, making
653:. Usually only a single inflorescence is borne at each
1809:
is the most widely distributed species. It ranges from
1178:, who described two species based on his visits to the
995:
and the subtribe Bactridinae, together with the genera
715:, which is typically orange and sweet. The mesocarp of
2826:
2748:
2078:(Chrysomelidae) were recorded visiting the flowers of
3120:. Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife: Loro Parque FundaciĂłn.
3115:
Species Conservation Plan for the St. Vincent Parrot
3053:"Diversity and conservation status of Peruvian palms"
2098:). Flies and weevils were observed on the flowers of
1365:. This led to the current delimitation of the genus.
3212:
Correa-GĂłmez, Diego F.; Orlando Vargas-RĂos (2009).
3134:
Inman, Faith M.; Thomas R. Wentworth; Martha Groom;
2980:
1186:. The same species was described by Dutch botanist
1022:In his 1932 revision of the genus, German botanist
703:species is usually a red, spherical, single-seeded
346:trees as tall as 20 metres (66 ft). Most have
1879:, a species that was first described in 2002, and
725:contents of any plant product and is also rich in
3470:Acevedo-RodrĂguez, Pedro; Mark T. Strong (2005).
3050:
1945:, which is widely distributed across the western
5425:
600:Details of the stem, petioles and leaf bases of
3247:(3). New York Botanical Garden Press: 309–350.
2185:is also widely planted as an ornamental, as is
1337:into it, but his proposal was ignored. In 1901
2928:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T38941A67530144.es
2470:
2264:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1968:) consume the fruit and disperse the seeds of
1693:– Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, northwestern Brazil
1279:. Since the original diagnostic characters of
3525:
3112:
1919:(vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List),
1041:requires each species to be represented by a
943:Relationship between members of the subtribe
465:on the genus, botanists Finn Borchsenius and
2967:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38943A10158352.en
2852:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T38069A10095781.en
2813:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38942A10158301.en
2774:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T43757A10826566.en
2672:: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2545:
2543:
2050:) were recorded visiting these flowers, but
1039:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
3142:) habitat in tropical timber plantations".
3099:
3097:
2903:Lopez-Gallego, C.; Morales M, P.A. (2023).
2735:
2733:
2731:
2421:
2419:
2173:have been found in archaeological sites in
1583:– Antioquia and Valle del Cauca in Colombia
3532:
3518:
3103:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 30–32
2941:
2866:Jijon-VĂ©lez, N.; Couvreur, T.L.P. (2024).
2787:
2739:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 26–30
2425:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 14–15
2355:"Glossary of Pollen and Spore Terminology"
2343:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 16–22
2339:
2337:
2331:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 11–14
2327:
2325:
2252:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 33–34
1720:
1671:– State of Portuguesa in western Venezuela
1381:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1115:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
741:, which is sweet and tastes somewhat like
229:
31:
3292:
2965:
2926:
2850:
2811:
2772:
2653:
2540:
2485:(4). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 559–69.
2461:
2150:in Puerto Rico. Similarly, the rarity of
2086:was reportedly pollinated by wind, bees (
1769:is primarily South American—one species (
1357:. In 1932, after publishing a species in
469:pointed out that "ironically, species of
3445:. RCSB Protein Data Bank. Archived from
3440:
3312:Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas
3176:
3129:
3127:
3094:
3007:
2983:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2728:
2690:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 2–3
2592:
2590:
2450:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2437:
2416:
2319:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 6–8
2310:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), pp. 8–9
2306:
2304:
1999:, are also found in drier environments;
1956:
1303:, to accommodate two Colombian species,
1233:in 1801. He described a single species,
966:
595:
480:
2599:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2334:
2322:
1775:) is present in Panama and two others (
1539:– Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica
1117:, maintained by Rafaël Govaerts at the
5426:
3395:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 71
3386:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 72
3377:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 69
3368:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 54
3359:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 52
3334:
3289:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 47
2614:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 87
2596:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 33
2434:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 26
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2217:people of northwestern South America.
1952:
1903:. They also classified six species as
1101:disagreed with their decision to lump
1064:, while the remainder were placed in
501:palms which lack an aboveground stem.
435:of several species have been eaten by
5147:
5146:
3513:
3124:
3051:Kahn, Francis; Farana Moussa (1994).
2587:
2512:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 3
2346:
2313:
2301:
2298:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 2
2280:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 4
1761:it only occurs along the border with
1462:– Colombia, Peru, northwestern Brazil
1271:, adding another name to the list of
3539:
2497:
2352:
504:Two species are characterised by an
427:. Two species are widely planted as
5449:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Willdenow
2953:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2914:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2877:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2838:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2799:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2760:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2617:
2283:
2267:
2260:
2258:
1416:R.Bernal, Borchs. & Hoyos-GĂłmez
1218:De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum
1194:produced a detailed description of
13:
3408:Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
1252:the correct name for the species.
437:indigenous peoples of the Americas
342:shrubs with subterranean stems to
338:(see below), ranging in size from
14:
5460:
3441:Goodsell, David S. (2001-05-01).
2827:MontĂşfar, R.; Pitman, N. (2003).
2749:MontĂşfar, R.; Pitman, N. (2003).
2022:, but lack a scent. Fruit flies (
1825:includes three species which are
1396:– Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic
1307:(later shown to be a synonym for
1095:many of these names were synonyms
3732:
3339:. Timber Press. pp. 30–32.
2995:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00530.x
2463:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00521.x
2255:
1136:. Eleven species were placed in
1060:. Eleven species were placed in
721:has one of the highest reported
58:
5383:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:31079-1
3434:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3328:
3283:
3232:
3205:
3170:
3106:
3044:
3001:
2974:
2935:
2896:
2859:
2820:
2781:
2742:
2693:
2684:
2639:. The Board of Trustees of the
2608:
2584:Borchsenius & Bernal (1996)
2578:
2515:
2428:
2373:
1893:—and two species as vulnerable—
3113:Culzac-Wilson, Lystra (2005).
2246:
2205:are all consumed locally. The
1813:to Bolivia but is absent from
1783:) are found in the Caribbean.
1229:was coined by German botanist
1148:was reduced to three species (
1072:was reduced to three species (
442:
1:
3463:
3144:Forest Ecology and Management
3060:Biodiversity and Conservation
3010:Biodiversity and Conservation
1845:—and three others considered
1616:– Valle del Cauca in Colombia
1440:– Valle del Cauca in Colombia
1097:, although American botanist
489:showing spines and leaf scars
3224:(2): 195–212. Archived from
3164:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.003
2637:World Checklist of Arecaceae
2070:(Syrphidae), biting midges (
2018:produce small quantities of
1680:Borchs., M.RuĂz & Bernal
748:
7:
3337:Timber Press Guide to Palms
3335:Riffle, Robert Lee (2008).
3179:Journal of Tropical Ecology
2221:, a compound isolated from
1188:Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
773:
10:
5465:
2715:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2710:Plants of the World Online
2670:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2641:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2177:dating back to about 2800
1372:
1368:
1240:Jacquin had used the name
1190:in 1763. Spanish botanist
1169:
1119:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
955:is a botanical synonym of
633:
5155:
4696:
4669:
4614:
4573:
4441:
4393:
4345:
4276:
4207:
4134:
4114:
4087:
4046:
3900:
3880:
3790:
3770:
3761:
3741:
3730:
3652:
3590:
3570:
3561:
3550:
3191:10.1017/S0266467401001067
2394:10.1007/s00709-006-0164-4
886:
869:
862:
842:
835:
818:
811:
794:
787:
615:and other members of the
591:
552:
457:, meaning "always", with
252:
245:
237:
228:
221:
214:
194:
187:
55:Scientific classification
53:
39:
30:
23:
2240:
2225:, has shown significant
2189:. The fruit or seeds of
1379:Species accepted by the
1375:List of Aiphanes species
1140:, with the remainder in
971:Red, spherical fruit of
694:
604:showing its spiny nature
476:
431:and the fruit, seeds or
5444:Neotropical realm flora
3030:10.1023/A:1008831600795
2161:
1829:by habitat destruction—
1795:has been reported from
1721:Distribution and status
1605:– Saint Lucia, Barbados
1561:– Antioquia in Colombia
1341:created two new genera—
1325:attempted to resurrect
1269:Martinezia caryotifolia
757:exist for two species,
238:Native distribution of
2870:Aiphanes chiribogensis
1973:
1658:Borchs. & R.Bernal
1614:R.Bernal & Borchs.
1515:Galeano & R.Bernal
1445:Aiphanes chiribogensis
1438:R.Bernal & Borchs.
1434:Aiphanes buenaventurae
1405:Galeano & R.Bernal
1390:Aiphanes acanthophylla
1257:Alexander von Humboldt
1211:included a species of
975:
798:Desmoncus orthacanthos
611:are characteristic of
605:
490:
2960:: e.T38943A10158352.
2921:: e.T38941A67530144.
2845:: e.T38069A10095781.
2806:: e.T38942A10158301.
2767:: e.T43757A10826566.
2130:critically endangered
2082:, but bees were not.
2016:A. chiribogensis
2010:Records of visits by
1991:. Two other species,
1966:Steatornis caripensis
1960:
1871:critically endangered
1865:. Rodrigo Bernal and
1852:A. chiribogensis
1702:Borchs. & Balslev
1676:Aiphanes tricuspidata
1526:Borchs. & Balslev
1511:Aiphanes graminifolia
1449:Borchs. & Balslev
1299:created a new genus,
1231:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
1103:A. acanthophylla
970:
737:(or testa) and white
599:
520:. Two other species—
484:
397:resurrected the name
367:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
334:. There are about 26
2884:: e.T38752A230955824
2792:Aiphanes leiostachys
2353:Hoen, Peter (1999).
2122:Saint Vincent amazon
2117:are consumed by the
1876:A. graminifolia
1745:in the east, across
1709:Aiphanes weberbaueri
1555:Aiphanes leiostachys
1427:CerĂłn & R.Bernal
1345:, into which he put
1285:M. caryotifolia
1265:Carl Sigismund Kunth
1192:José Celestino Mutis
1128:into two subgenera,
1052:into two subgenera,
336:species in the genus
3967:Johannesteijsmannia
3479:Borchsenius, Finn;
3253:2001BotRv..67..309M
3156:2007ForEM.243..169I
3072:1994BiCon...3..227K
3022:1998BiCon...7.1529S
2946:Aiphanes lindeniana
2942:Bernal, R. (1998).
2788:Bernal, R. (1998).
2213:is consumed by the
2133:Puerto Rican amazon
1985:tropical dry forest
1953:Habitat and ecology
1881:A. leiostachys
1849:to the same threat—
1836:A. leiostachys
1819:centre of diversity
1749:and down along the
1743:Trinidad and Tobago
1682:– Colombia, Ecuador
1665:Aiphanes stergiosii
1621:Aiphanes parvifolia
1594:– Colombia, Ecuador
1570:(H.Wendl.) H.Wendl.
1566:Aiphanes lindeniana
1506:– Colombia, Ecuador
1500:Aiphanes gelatinosa
1495:– Colombia, Ecuador
1493:(H.Karst.) H.Wendl.
1305:M. bicuspidata
529:A. weberbaueri
318:which is native to
3483:(December 1996). "
3261:10.1007/BF02858098
3117:Amazona guildingii
3080:10.1007/BF00055940
2831:Aiphanes verrucosa
2152:A. lindeniana
2126:Amazona guildingii
2046:) and micromoths (
1974:
1917:A. lindeniana
1895:A. gelatinosa
1890:A. parvifolia
1863:A. lindeniana
1735:Dominican Republic
1698:Aiphanes verrucosa
1610:Aiphanes multiplex
1588:Aiphanes macroloba
1456:Aiphanes deltoidea
1197:A. lindeniana
976:
951:DNA phylogeny. *
890:Acrocomia aculeata
707:. A thin skin (or
660:A. gelatinosa
606:
491:
5419:
5418:
5352:Open Tree of Life
5149:Taxon identifiers
5140:
5139:
5136:
5135:
4203:
4202:
3728:
3727:
3414:(14): 2427–2429.
3346:978-0-88192-776-4
3300:Henderson, Andrew
3016:(12): 1529–1537.
2229:activity against
2211:A. macroloba
2191:A. deltoidea
2060:Aiphanes eggersii
1983:, occurs both in
1947:Amazon Rainforest
1942:A. deltoidea
1927:A. macroloba
1741:in the north, to
1714:
1703:
1692:
1681:
1670:
1659:
1648:
1637:
1626:
1615:
1604:
1593:
1582:
1577:Aiphanes linearis
1571:
1560:
1549:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1505:
1494:
1489:Aiphanes erinacea
1483:
1478:Aiphanes eggersii
1472:
1461:
1450:
1439:
1428:
1423:Aiphanes bicornis
1417:
1406:
1395:
1329:in 1878, merging
1028:Wilhelm Kalbreyer
981:is placed in the
965:
964:
953:Aiphanes aculeata
937:
936:
928:
927:
919:
918:
910:
909:
901:
900:
847:Aiphanes aculeata
755:chromosome counts
684:trichotomosulcate
564:A. macroloba
300:
299:
295:
288:
279:
270:
183:
5456:
5439:Arecaceae genera
5412:
5411:
5399:
5398:
5386:
5385:
5373:
5372:
5360:
5359:
5347:
5346:
5334:
5333:
5321:
5320:
5308:
5307:
5295:
5294:
5282:
5281:
5269:
5268:
5256:
5255:
5243:
5242:
5230:
5229:
5217:
5216:
5204:
5203:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5144:
5143:
4343:
4342:
4048:Chuniophoeniceae
3768:
3767:
3736:
3568:
3567:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3490:Flora Neotropica
3475:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3443:"Cyclooxygenase"
3438:
3432:
3431:
3420:10.1039/b305106d
3402:
3396:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3241:Botanical Review
3236:
3230:
3229:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3150:(2–3): 169–177.
3131:
3122:
3121:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3057:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2753:Aiphanes grandis
2746:
2740:
2737:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2663:Aiphanes horrida
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2495:
2494:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2332:
2329:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2299:
2296:
2281:
2278:
2265:
2262:
2253:
2250:
2199:A. linearis
2195:A. eggersii
2183:Aiphanes horrida
2144:A. erinacea
2084:Aiphanes horrida
2080:A. erinacea
2001:A. eggersii
1997:A. eggersii
1970:Aiphanes horrida
1937:A. erinacea
1922:A. linearis
1909:A. erinacea
1842:A verrucosa
1807:Aiphanes horrida
1712:
1701:
1690:
1679:
1668:
1657:
1654:Aiphanes spicata
1646:
1643:Aiphanes simplex
1635:
1632:Aiphanes pilaris
1624:
1613:
1603:(Gaertn.) Burret
1602:
1591:
1580:
1569:
1558:
1547:
1544:Aiphanes horrida
1536:
1533:Aiphanes hirsuta
1525:
1522:Aiphanes grandis
1514:
1503:
1492:
1481:
1470:
1459:
1448:
1437:
1426:
1415:
1404:
1401:Aiphanes acaulis
1393:
1323:Hermann Wendland
1318:A. erinacea
1313:M. erinacea
1291:came to replace
1287:. Consequently,
1235:A. aculeata
1155:A. eggersii
1111:Aiphanes spicata
1079:A. eggersii
873:Acrocomia crispa
865:
864:
838:
837:
822:Bactris gasipaes
814:
813:
790:
789:
783:
782:
778:
777:
680:meridionosulcate
602:Aiphanes horrida
535:Aiphanes grandis
369:coined the name
293:
284:
275:
257:
233:
223:About 26 species
197:Aiphanes horrida
179:
63:
62:
48:botanical garden
41:Aiphanes horrida
35:
21:
20:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5415:
5407:
5402:
5394:
5389:
5381:
5376:
5368:
5363:
5355:
5350:
5342:
5337:
5329:
5324:
5316:
5311:
5303:
5298:
5290:
5285:
5277:
5272:
5264:
5259:
5251:
5246:
5238:
5233:
5225:
5220:
5212:
5207:
5199:
5194:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5151:
5141:
5132:
5043:Phoenicophorium
4714:Archontophoenix
4692:
4665:
4610:
4569:
4452:Beccariophoenix
4437:
4389:
4341:
4272:
4199:
4130:
4110:
4083:
4042:
3896:
3876:
3786:
3757:
3737:
3724:
3712:Plectocomiopsis
3648:
3586:
3557:
3556:(2016) taxonomy
3546:
3538:
3466:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3439:
3435:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3237:
3233:
3210:
3206:
3175:
3171:
3140:Amazona vittata
3132:
3125:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3095:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3006:
3002:
2989:(1): 151––163.
2979:
2975:
2940:
2936:
2907:Aiphanes duquei
2901:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2864:
2860:
2825:
2821:
2786:
2782:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2564:10.2307/1220905
2548:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2498:
2475:
2471:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2417:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2284:
2279:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2231:cyclooxygenases
2223:A. horrida
2171:A. horrida
2164:
2156:A. simplex
2146:in Ecuador and
2137:Amazona vittata
2107:A. horrida
2100:A. simplex
2072:Ceratopogonidae
2044:Ceratopogonidae
1981:A. horrida
1955:
1932:A. simplex
1913:A. hirsuta
1905:near threatened
1900:A. pilaris
1885:A. acaulis
1831:A. grandis
1793:A. horrida
1785:Aiphanes minima
1777:A. horrida
1772:A. hirsuta
1723:
1718:
1715:– Ecuador, Peru
1691:(Dammer) Burret
1599:Aiphanes minima
1484:– Ecuador, Peru
1467:Aiphanes duquei
1377:
1371:
1355:A. horrida
1353:, which housed
1309:A. horrida
1297:Hermann Karsten
1277:A. horrida
1250:A. horrida
1209:Joseph Gaertner
1202:A. horrida
1184:Aiphanes minima
1176:Charles Plumier
1172:
1150:A. horrida
1124:Burret divided
1074:A. horrida
1048:Burret divided
1043:type collection
1032:species concept
973:Aiphanes minima
938:
929:
920:
911:
902:
776:
763:A. horrida
759:Aiphanes minima
751:
718:A. horrida
697:
682:or more rarely
636:
594:
578:A. hirsuta
555:
517:A. spicata
511:A. acaulis
487:Aiphanes minima
479:
445:
439:for millennia.
328:Central America
289:
280:
271:
210:
200:
178:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5462:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5409:wfo-4000001036
5400:
5387:
5374:
5361:
5348:
5335:
5322:
5309:
5296:
5283:
5270:
5257:
5244:
5231:
5218:
5205:
5192:
5177:
5161:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5057:Verschaffeltia
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4987:Brassiophoenix
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4910:Acanthophoenix
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4791:Lepidorrhachis
4787:
4780:
4773:
4770:Burretiokentia
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4632:Pholidostachys
4628:
4620:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4601:
4598:Neonicholsonia
4594:
4587:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4447:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4399:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4351:
4349:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4190:
4187:Borassodendron
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4052:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3932:Rhapidophyllum
3928:
3921:
3914:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3774:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3481:Rodrigo Bernal
3476:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3433:
3397:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3345:
3327:
3320:
3308:Rodrigo Bernal
3304:Gloria Galeano
3291:
3282:
3231:
3228:on 2011-09-27.
3220:(in Spanish).
3204:
3169:
3136:Cavell Brownie
3123:
3105:
3093:
3066:(3): 227–241.
3043:
3000:
2973:
2934:
2895:
2858:
2819:
2780:
2741:
2727:
2703:Aiphanes argos
2692:
2683:
2652:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2586:
2577:
2539:
2514:
2496:
2469:
2436:
2427:
2415:
2388:(1–3): 55–64.
2372:
2361:on 18 May 2010
2345:
2333:
2321:
2312:
2300:
2282:
2266:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2203:A. minima
2187:A. minima
2163:
2160:
2148:A. minima
2115:A. minima
2032:Mycetophilidae
1954:
1951:
1867:Gloria Galeano
1858:A. duquei
1781:A. minima
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1705:
1694:
1683:
1672:
1661:
1650:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1595:
1584:
1573:
1562:
1551:
1548:(Jacq.) Burret
1540:
1529:
1518:
1507:
1496:
1485:
1474:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1430:
1419:
1412:Aiphanes argos
1408:
1397:
1394:(Mart.) Burret
1385:
1373:Main article:
1370:
1367:
1347:A. minima
1339:Orator F. Cook
1223:Bactris minima
1171:
1168:
1160:A. minima
1107:A. minima
1099:George Proctor
1084:A. minima
963:
962:
940:
939:
935:
934:
931:
930:
926:
925:
922:
921:
917:
916:
913:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
899:
898:
895:
894:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
868:
863:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
841:
836:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
817:
812:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
793:
788:
786:
781:
775:
772:
750:
747:
696:
693:
635:
632:
593:
590:
557:The leaves of
554:
551:
541:A. minima
478:
475:
467:Rodrigo Bernal
444:
441:
361:amazon parrots
298:
297:
250:
249:
243:
242:
235:
234:
226:
225:
219:
218:
212:
211:
201:
192:
191:
185:
184:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5461:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5422:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5129:
5128:
5127:Rhopaloblaste
5124:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5022:Rhopalostylis
5019:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4868:Calyptrocalyx
4865:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:Lemurophoenix
4844:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4411:Wendlandiella
4408:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4395:Chamaedoreeae
4392:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4218:Pseudophoenix
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4209:Ceroxyloideae
4206:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4057:Chuniophoenix
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3974:Pholidocarpus
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3902:Trachycarpeae
3899:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3792:Cryosophileae
3789:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3592:Lepidocaryeae
3589:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3449:on 2009-11-23
3448:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3323:
3321:0-691-08537-4
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3185:(1): 97–113.
3184:
3180:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3128:
3119:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2696:
2687:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2591:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2105:The fruit of
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:Curculionidae
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:Drosophilidae
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:Cecidomyiidae
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:Drosophilidae
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:IUCN Red List
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1687:Aiphanes ulei
1684:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:Aimé Bonpland
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:, calling it
1220:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1164:Brachyanthera
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:Brachyanthera
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Brachyanthera
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1088:Brachyanthera
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1066:Brachyanthera
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Brachyanthera
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1000:
999:
994:
991:
987:
984:
980:
974:
969:
960:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:
933:
932:
924:
923:
915:
914:
906:
905:
897:
896:
893:
892:
891:
884:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
874:
867:
866:
860:
859:
856:
855:
852:
850:
849:
848:
840:
839:
833:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
823:
816:
815:
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
799:
792:
791:
785:
784:
780:
779:
771:
768:
764:
760:
756:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
699:The fruit of
692:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
666:
662:
661:
656:
652:
651:inflorescence
648:
644:
640:
631:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
610:
603:
598:
589:
586:
584:
583:
579:
574:
570:
566:
565:
560:
550:
548:
547:basal suckers
543:
542:
537:
536:
531:
530:
525:
524:
519:
518:
513:
512:
508:growth habit—
507:
502:
500:
496:
488:
483:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
452:Ancient Greek
449:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
415:
410:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
377:
372:
368:
364:
362:
358:
357:inflorescence
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:
305:
296:
292:
287:
283:
278:
274:
268:
264:
261:
256:
251:
248:
244:
241:
236:
232:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
199:
198:
193:
190:
186:
182:
177:
176:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:Tracheophytes
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
5421:
5156:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5099:Heterospathe
5097:
5092:Dransfieldia
5090:
5085:Dictyosperma
5083:
5078:Cyrtostachys
5076:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5036:Nephrosperma
5034:
5027:
5020:
5015:Wallaceodoxa
5013:
5006:
4999:
4994:Ptychococcus
4992:
4985:
4978:
4973:Drymophloeus
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4924:Ptychosperma
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4777:Cyphophoenix
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4728:Chambeyronia
4726:
4721:Actinokentia
4719:
4712:
4707:Actinorhytis
4705:
4685:
4678:
4671:Pelagodoxeae
4658:
4651:
4646:Calyptronoma
4644:
4639:Calyptrogyne
4637:
4630:
4623:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4430:
4423:
4418:Synechanthus
4416:
4409:
4402:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4363:Dictyocaryum
4361:
4354:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4301:Sclerosperma
4299:
4292:
4285:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4123:
4103:
4096:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4037:Washingtonia
4035:
4028:
4021:
4016:Colpothrinax
4014:
4007:
4000:
3995:Acoelorraphe
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3925:Trachycarpus
3923:
3916:
3909:
3889:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3850:Chelyocarpus
3848:
3841:
3836:Leucothrinax
3834:
3827:
3822:Coccothrinax
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3779:
3763:Coryphoideae
3750:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3641:
3634:
3629:Lepidocaryum
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3579:
3572:Eugeissoneae
3552:Baker &
3494:
3488:
3484:
3471:
3451:. Retrieved
3447:the original
3436:
3411:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3336:
3330:
3311:
3294:
3285:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3226:the original
3221:
3217:
3207:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3063:
3059:
3046:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2937:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2898:
2886:. Retrieved
2881:
2875:
2869:
2861:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2822:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2783:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2744:
2718:. Retrieved
2708:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2675:. Retrieved
2668:
2662:
2655:
2644:. Retrieved
2636:
2630:
2629:"Search for
2625:Govaerts, R.
2619:
2610:
2601:
2580:
2555:
2551:
2530:. Retrieved
2526:
2517:
2482:
2479:Kew Bulletin
2478:
2472:
2456:(1): 15–38.
2453:
2449:
2439:
2430:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2359:the original
2348:
2315:
2248:
2235:inflammation
2222:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2125:
2114:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2094:) and bugs (
2090:), weevils (
2083:
2079:
2076:leaf beetles
2059:
2028:fungus gnats
2015:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:Amazon Basin
1980:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1806:
1805:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1729:ranges from
1726:
1724:
1707:
1696:
1685:
1674:
1663:
1652:
1641:
1630:
1619:
1608:
1597:
1586:
1575:
1564:
1553:
1542:
1531:
1520:
1509:
1498:
1487:
1476:
1465:
1454:
1443:
1432:
1421:
1410:
1399:
1388:
1378:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1254:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1146:Macroanthera
1145:
1141:
1138:Macroanthera
1137:
1134:Macroanthera
1133:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1070:Macroanthera
1069:
1065:
1062:Macroanthera
1061:
1058:Macroanthera
1057:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1036:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
978:
977:
972:
956:
952:
888:
887:
871:
870:
845:
844:
843:
820:
819:
796:
795:
762:
758:
752:
716:
700:
698:
673:
669:
658:
646:
638:
637:
627:
612:
607:
601:
587:
581:
577:
562:
558:
556:
539:
533:
527:
523:A. ulei
521:
515:
509:
503:
492:
486:
470:
458:
454:
447:
446:
422:
418:
412:
406:
402:
398:
390:
386:
380:
374:
370:
365:
303:
302:
301:
290:
281:
272:
267:Ruiz y PavĂłn
259:
254:
253:
239:
195:
189:Type species
174:
173:
117:
104:
91:
78:
40:
24:
18:
5287:iNaturalist
5181:Wikispecies
5106:Hydriastele
5071:Clinostigma
4959:Carpentaria
4917:Tectiphiala
4889:Laccospadix
4833:Clinosperma
4826:Cyphokentia
4819:Neoveitchia
4798:Physokentia
4784:Cyphosperma
4616:Geonomateae
4529:Astrocaryum
4473:Allagoptera
4425:Chamaedorea
4336:Leopoldinia
4315:Reinhardtia
4267:Phytelephas
4071:Nannorrhops
4030:Pritchardia
3939:Maxburretia
3857:Cryosophila
3829:Hemithrinax
3698:Plectocomia
3643:Mauritiella
3615:Laccosperma
3608:Eremospatha
3601:Oncocalamus
3563:Calamoideae
3487:(Palmae)".
2523:"Article 7"
2382:Protoplasma
2088:Meliponidae
2068:hover flies
2056:hover flies
2048:Lepidoptera
2038:), midges (
2012:pollinators
1787:, which is
1237:, in 1806.
1180:West Indies
1016:Astrocaryum
947:, based on
945:Bactridinae
676:monosulcate
657:, although
620:Bactridinae
582:fosteriorum
506:acaulescent
499:acaulescent
443:Description
429:ornamentals
414:Astrocaryum
385:. The name
340:understorey
322:regions of
150:Subfamily:
124:Commelinids
98:Angiosperms
5428:Categories
5120:Loxococcus
5064:Bentinckia
4896:Oncosperma
4875:Linospadix
4812:Satakentia
4805:Carpoxylon
4763:Basselinia
4735:Kentiopsis
4680:Pelagodoxa
4653:Asterogyne
4605:Oenocarpus
4515:Parajubaea
4459:Jubaeopsis
4356:Iriartella
4347:Iriarteeae
4287:Podococcus
4278:Arecoideae
4239:Oraniopsis
4145:Bismarckia
4064:Kerriodoxa
4023:Copernicia
3911:Chamaerops
3882:Phoeniceae
3808:Trithrinax
3705:Myrialepis
3684:Metroxylon
3663:Korthalsia
3581:Eugeissona
3554:Dransfield
3464:References
3453:2010-01-17
2677:2010-01-04
2646:2010-01-05
2237:and pain.
2227:inhibitory
2207:palm heart
2119:vulnerable
2058:were not.
1847:vulnerable
1827:endangered
1803:vouchers.
1731:Hispaniola
1725:The genus
1649:– Colombia
1638:– Colombia
1627:– Colombia
1572:– Colombia
1517:– Colombia
1473:– Colombia
1418:– Colombia
1407:– Colombia
1359:Martinezia
1331:Martinezia
1289:Martinezia
1281:Martinezia
1267:described
1024:Max Burret
986:Arecoideae
958:A. horrida
753:Published
643:monoecious
573:distichous
567:which has
495:caespitose
433:palm heart
395:Max Burret
387:Martinezia
255:Martinezia
154:Arecoideae
5050:Roscheria
5029:Hedyscepe
4980:Normanbya
4854:Marojejya
4687:Sommieria
4575:Euterpeae
4550:Desmoncus
4522:Acrocomia
4466:Voanioala
4404:Hyophorbe
4329:Hyospathe
4322:Manicaria
4308:Roystonea
4225:Ceroxylon
4152:Satranala
4136:Borasseae
4116:Corypheae
4089:Caryoteae
3953:Livistona
3871:Sabinaria
3743:Nypoideae
3691:Pigafetta
3670:Eleiodoxa
3541:Arecaceae
2096:Hemiptera
2036:Sciaridae
1993:A. minima
1801:herbarium
1704:– Ecuador
1528:– Ecuador
1504:H.E.Moore
1451:– Ecuador
1429:– Ecuador
1204:in 1779.
1010:Acrocomia
998:Desmoncus
983:subfamily
749:Karyotype
739:endosperm
735:seed coat
463:monograph
424:Desmoncus
408:Acrocomia
348:pinnately
344:subcanopy
332:Caribbean
216:Diversity
144:Arecaceae
68:Kingdom:
5434:Aiphanes
5396:40034886
5391:Tropicos
5187:Aiphanes
5172:Q1807921
5166:Wikidata
5157:Aiphanes
5113:Iguanura
5008:Manjekia
5001:Jailoloa
4966:Wodyetia
4952:Veitchia
4938:Adonidia
4903:Deckenia
4591:Prestoea
4557:Barcella
4536:Aiphanes
4443:Cocoseae
4384:Wettinia
4377:Socratea
4370:Iriartea
4260:Aphandra
4253:Ammandra
4194:Borassus
4180:Lodoicea
4159:Hyphaene
3801:Schippia
3772:Sabaleae
3654:Calameae
3636:Mauritia
3485:Aiphanes
3428:12956057
3310:(1995).
3277:46582757
3218:Caldasia
3199:83543567
3088:32827272
3038:34175807
2631:Aiphanes
2532:20 March
2491:25070242
2410:28497230
2402:16937055
2365:17 March
2219:Aiphanol
2215:Coaiquer
2175:Colombia
2167:Aiphanes
2111:Oilbirds
1977:Aiphanes
1962:Oilbirds
1811:Trinidad
1767:Aiphanes
1747:Colombia
1727:Aiphanes
1669:S.M.Niño
1636:R.Bernal
1363:Aiphanes
1327:Aiphanes
1293:Aiphanes
1273:synonyms
1255:In 1816
1227:Aiphanes
1213:Aiphanes
1207:In 1791
1126:Aiphanes
1050:Aiphanes
993:Cocoseae
979:Aiphanes
774:Taxonomy
731:endocarp
723:carotene
713:mesocarp
701:Aiphanes
647:Aiphanes
639:Aiphanes
628:Aiphanes
624:peduncle
617:subtribe
613:Aiphanes
559:Aiphanes
485:Stem of
471:Aiphanes
459:phaneros
448:Aiphanes
403:Aiphanes
399:Aiphanes
391:Aiphanes
371:Aiphanes
330:and the
320:tropical
304:Aiphanes
294:O.F.Cook
286:O.F.Cook
277:H.Karst.
247:Synonyms
240:Aiphanes
175:Aiphanes
164:Cocoseae
140:Family:
134:Arecales
111:Monocots
25:Aiphanes
5318:1266816
5305:31079-1
5266:2738638
4931:Ponapea
4861:Masoala
4756:Pinanga
4698:Areceae
4660:Geonoma
4584:Euterpe
4543:Bactris
4508:Syagrus
4480:Attalea
4432:Gaussia
4246:Ravenea
4173:Latania
4166:Medemia
4125:Corypha
4098:Caryota
4002:Serenoa
3988:Lanonia
3981:Saribus
3960:Licuala
3918:Guihaia
3891:Phoenix
3843:Thrinax
3719:Calamus
3677:Salacca
3503:4393869
3269:4354394
3249:Bibcode
3152:Bibcode
3068:Bibcode
3018:Bibcode
2888:30 June
2720:2 March
2572:1220905
2005:montane
1815:Ecuador
1789:endemic
1755:Bolivia
1369:Species
1245:horrida
1243:Caryota
1215:in his
1170:History
1004:Bactris
949:plastid
767:haploid
743:coconut
727:protein
709:epicarp
634:Flowers
580:subsp.
419:Bactris
382:Caryota
376:Bactris
170:Genus:
160:Tribe:
130:Order:
72:Plantae
5365:PLANTS
5357:221930
5344:131248
5292:180041
5253:100890
5201:411823
4945:Balaka
4840:Dypsis
4625:Welfia
4564:Elaeis
4501:Jubaea
4294:Orania
4232:Juania
4105:Arenga
4078:Tahina
4009:Brahea
3946:Rhapis
3815:Zombia
3622:Raphia
3544:genera
3501:
3426:
3343:
3318:
3275:
3267:
3197:
3086:
3036:
2570:
2489:
2408:
2400:
2074:) and
2020:nectar
1797:Guyana
1759:Brazil
1739:Panama
1737:) and
1713:Burret
1660:– Peru
1647:Burret
1625:Burret
1592:Burret
1581:Burret
1559:Burret
1537:Burret
1482:Burret
1471:Burret
1460:Burret
1351:Tilmia
1349:, and
1343:Curima
1335:Marara
1311:) and
1301:Marara
988:, the
729:. The
688:sulcus
686:. The
665:rachis
609:Spines
592:Spines
569:entire
553:Leaves
352:entire
291:Tilmia
282:Curima
273:Marara
265:, not
208:Burret
181:Willd.
5370:AIPHA
5331:42437
5313:IRMNG
5240:1AHNG
5227:30076
5214:8VTH6
4882:Howea
4749:Nenga
4742:Areca
4494:Cocos
4487:Butia
3864:Itaya
3781:Sabal
3499:JSTOR
3273:S2CID
3265:JSTOR
3195:S2CID
3084:S2CID
3056:(PDF)
3034:S2CID
2568:JSTOR
2552:Taxon
2487:JSTOR
2406:S2CID
2241:Notes
1757:. In
1751:Andes
1733:(the
1315:(now
1105:into
990:tribe
705:drupe
695:Fruit
626:. In
477:Stems
324:South
316:palms
313:spiny
309:genus
307:is a
263:Kunth
260:sensu
204:Jacq.
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
79:Clade
5378:POWO
5339:NCBI
5326:ITIS
5300:IPNI
5274:GRIN
5261:GBIF
5235:EPPO
5196:BOLD
3752:Nypa
3424:PMID
3341:ISBN
3316:ISBN
2958:1998
2919:2023
2890:2024
2882:2024
2843:2003
2804:1998
2765:2003
2722:2023
2534:2010
2398:PMID
2367:2010
2201:and
2162:Uses
2154:and
2054:and
2052:bees
1995:and
1929:and
1897:and
1887:and
1861:and
1839:and
1779:and
1763:Peru
1333:and
1275:for
1263:and
1158:and
1132:and
1082:and
1056:and
1037:The
1013:and
761:and
655:node
538:and
526:and
514:and
421:and
326:and
45:Jena
5404:WFO
5279:331
5248:FNA
5222:EoL
5209:CoL
3416:doi
3257:doi
3187:doi
3160:doi
3148:243
3076:doi
3026:doi
2991:doi
2987:151
2962:doi
2923:doi
2847:doi
2808:doi
2769:doi
2560:doi
2458:doi
2454:151
2390:doi
2386:228
2209:of
2139:).
2066:),
2026:),
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311:of
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2257:^
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