1662:
1626:
1674:
1650:
183:, the Sicilians caught a Fatimid naval squadron by surprise on 18 July: the Fatimid fleet was torched, and 600 prisoners were made. Among the latter was the former governor of Sicily, Ibn Abi Khinzir, who was executed. The Sicilians defeated a Fatimid army detachment sent to repel them, and proceeded south, sacking
165:
Already in spring/summer 913 he launched the customary annual raids against the
Byzantine territories: his son Ali besieged Taormina, which had been reoccupied and rebuilt by the Byzantines, for two months without success, but Ibn Qurhub himself led a raid into Calabria, returning with considerable
162:, "some form of caliphal authority was essential for Sicily's legitimate existence as a political entity", but at the same time, it was a "specifically Sicilian attempt to free itself from colonial rule from Ifriqiya".
124:
Soon after its establishment, the
Fatimid regime in Ifriqiya sent its own governors to the island. However, the local Sicilian army, which was used to a broad autonomy in running its affairs, deposed the first governor,
176:, this truce may have led to dissatisfaction among the Sicilian troops with Ibn Qurhub and contributed to his eventual downfall, since it put an end to the profitable plundering raids against Byzantine territories.
198:
In the next year, however, a similar undertaking failed, and the
Sicilian fleet was defeated by the Fatimids, possibly with Byzantine assistance. As a result, the Sicilians began to turn to the Fatimids, with the
357:
1386:
554:
223:
156:, and a gold collar. As the historian Alex Metcalfe writes, the movement headed by Ibn Qurhub was peculiar to Sicily's circumstances. As a frontier society centred on
172:
of
Calabria, Eustathios, whereby the Byzantines agreed to give 22,000 gold coins annually in exchange for a truce, may have taken place soon after this. According to
137:
regime, on 18 May 913 they raised Ibn Qurhub to power as governor of the island. Ibn Qurhub quickly rejected
Fatimid suzerainty, and declared for the Fatimids'
749:
1709:
1549:
496:"Una nueva fuente para la historia de la Sicilia islámica. La revuelta de Aḥmad Ibn Qarhab (300-304/913-916) en un pasaje de al-Muqtabis V de Ibn Ḥayyān"
94:
594:
1734:
1724:
458:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische
Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt
713:
1161:
1714:
1148:
1144:
1719:
1153:
1416:
1729:
730:
724:
1754:
587:
736:
1594:
1421:
477:
442:
1411:
1268:
97:, who had been governor of the island in the 830s, and with a Muhammad ibn Qurhub, a military commander who had begun the
207:
being the first to defect, and other cities following soon after. His support vanishing, Ibn Qurhub prepared to flee to
1629:
1381:
797:
773:
126:
1704:
769:
580:
179:
In July 914, the
Sicilian fleet, commanded by Ibn Qurhub's younger son Muhammad, raided the coasts of Ifriqiya. At
211:, but on 14 July 916 he was captured by the Sicilians, who delivered him and his supporters to the Fatimid caliph
192:
98:
1406:
650:
1563:
1391:
941:
815:
786:
235:
1744:
1376:
708:
625:
188:
1749:
1694:
1366:
1258:
991:
926:
875:
1640:
1568:
1544:
1401:
1166:
906:
238:. Nevertheless, the legacy of Ibn Qurhub on Sicily was remembered for some time: as late as 973, when
1584:
1556:
1324:
956:
831:
755:
680:
635:
620:
59:
152:. The latter recognized Ibn Qurhub as emir of Sicily, and in token of this sent him a black banner,
46:, but was deposed and handed over to the Fatimids, who executed him and his followers in July 916.
1739:
1666:
1371:
1113:
1487:
1426:
612:
71:
78:
in 902, but had left some
Byzantine strongholds in the mountainous northeast of the island (the
1129:
1001:
946:
826:
763:
665:
526:
130:
1534:
1329:
1186:
996:
867:
820:
802:
645:
219:, where they were lashed on the tomb of Ibn Abi Khinzir, mutilated, and publicly crucified.
1589:
1474:
1396:
1334:
1312:
1011:
1006:
986:
921:
885:
863:
835:
452:
8:
1699:
1604:
1524:
1076:
966:
655:
1609:
1499:
1317:
1085:
1071:
976:
1449:
1133:
1105:
603:
562:
534:
473:
438:
187:
and reaching
Tripoli in August 914. Only the presence of the Fatimid heir-designate,
113:
83:
31:
1661:
1654:
1171:
1101:
1091:
1061:
981:
880:
848:
791:
630:
507:
102:
63:
35:
1509:
691:
467:
212:
153:
371:
367:
324:
166:
booty and many prisoners. A treaty between the
Sicilian Arabs and the Byzantine
1678:
1539:
961:
660:
640:
512:
495:
142:
109:
39:
242:
visited Palermo, he found one of the gates of the city walls named after him.
1688:
1356:
1305:
1277:
1273:
1243:
1196:
1057:
1051:
843:
1599:
1519:
1514:
1229:
1212:
936:
572:
180:
1529:
1492:
1470:
1444:
1361:
1191:
456:
145:
112:
just before the overthrow of the Aghlabids and the establishment of the
1295:
1181:
426:
239:
208:
173:
79:
1119:
1081:
810:
743:
204:
168:
67:
1109:
1065:
971:
931:
858:
854:
780:
675:
670:
134:
87:
75:
43:
1222:
1047:
1031:
1026:
1021:
916:
685:
234:
garrison loyal to the Fatimids was installed, under the governor
227:
216:
200:
149:
1625:
1482:
1217:
1176:
1095:
1016:
544:
231:
55:
27:
1504:
1346:
1300:
1263:
1123:
951:
158:
138:
93:
Ahmad ibn Qurhub's patronymics indicate a relationship with
184:
455:; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013).
404:
291:
289:
287:
285:
230:
until March 917. The local troops were disarmed, and a
215:
in chains. Al-Mahdi brought them to his palace city at
270:
1638:
382:
380:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
282:
260:
258:
256:
254:
105:
in 878. This Muhammad may have been Ahmad's father.
392:
377:
330:
251:
435:The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids
34:, from 913 to 916. He launched raids against the
1686:
431:Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden
588:
602:
70:in the 820s. The process had ended with the
461:(in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
222:Sicily was subdued by a Fatimid army under
595:
581:
49:
1162:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi
511:
472:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
108:Ahmad had served as Aghlabid governor of
1735:Rebellions against the Fatimid Caliphate
1725:People executed by the Fatimid Caliphate
465:
410:
368:Aḥmad b. Ziyādatallāh b. Qurhub (#20191)
325:Aḥmad b. Ziyādatallāh b. Qurhub (#20191)
295:
437:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck.
1710:Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
1687:
500:Al-Qantara: Revista de Estudios Arabes
493:
316:
314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
304:
1595:Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi
576:
425:
398:
386:
351:
276:
264:
301:
13:
1715:Sicily under the Fatimid Caliphate
487:
195:, deterred an attack on the city.
127:al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Khinzir
42:and against the shores of Fatimid
20:Ahmad ibn Ziyadat Allah ibn Qurhub
14:
1766:
1720:10th-century people from Ifriqiya
1672:
1660:
1648:
1624:
555:Abu Sa'id Musa ibn Ahmad al-Daif
451:
363:
320:
224:Abu Sa'id Musa ibn Ahmad al-Dayf
129:, and drove away his successor,
16:Emir of Sicily from 0913 to 0916
1422:al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
1730:People executed by crucifixion
1412:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
1407:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
1:
1755:910s in the Fatimid Caliphate
1564:Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque
816:Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya
776:Qarmatian invasions (971–974)
709:Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya
469:The Muslims of Medieval Italy
245:
236:Salim ibn Asad ibn Abi Rashid
1377:Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi
881:End of the Fatimid Caliphate
119:
7:
1367:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
876:Crusader invasions of Egypt
651:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
101:that led to the capture of
22:, commonly known simply as
10:
1771:
1545:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
1392:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman
1167:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi
942:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i
513:10.3989/alqantara.2011.004
419:
193:on his way to invade Egypt
133:. Rejecting the Fatimids'
1622:
1585:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi
1577:
1469:
1462:
1435:
1345:
1288:
1251:
1242:
1205:
1143:
1040:
957:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
905:
896:
803:Bedouin alliance uprising
701:
611:
551:
549:18 May 913 – 14 July 916
541:
523:
494:Madala, Giuseppe (2012).
30:in rebellion against the
1705:10th-century Arab people
82:) as well as across the
66:had been started by the
1578:Literature and learning
1569:Shrine of Husayn's Head
1488:Great Mosque of Mahdiya
1427:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
1402:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani
756:Conquest of Egypt (969)
466:Metcalfe, Alex (2009).
50:Origin and early career
1557:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
1289:Branches and offshoots
1002:Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh
947:Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri
681:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
666:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
636:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
527:Ali ibn Umar al-Balawi
131:Ali ibn Umar al-Balawi
1535:Fatimid Great Palaces
1372:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
1187:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
997:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar
992:al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi
821:Mustansirite Hardship
760:Expansion into Syria
731:2nd invasion of Egypt
725:1st invasion of Egypt
676:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah
671:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
646:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
626:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
453:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
189:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
987:Ridwan ibn Walakhshi
886:Battle of the Blacks
686:al-Adid li-Din Allah
561:as governor for the
533:as governor for the
1745:Sicilian rebellions
1605:al-Azhar University
967:al-Afdal Shahanshah
798:Muffarij b. Daghfal
750:Conquest of Morocco
737:2nd Sicilian revolt
719:1st Sicilian revolt
656:al-Mustansir Billah
372:Eustathios (#21845)
279:, pp. 163–164.
1750:Monarchs of Sicily
1695:9th-century births
1610:House of Knowledge
977:Hasan ibn al-Hafiz
661:al-Musta'li Billah
54:Ahmad hailed from
1667:Fatimid Caliphate
1636:
1635:
1618:
1617:
1590:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
1458:
1457:
1450:Baghdad Manifesto
1397:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
1382:Abu Hatim al-Razi
1238:
1237:
1077:Sharifs of Medina
1012:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i
1007:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
922:Ya'qub ibn Killis
857:and accession of
604:Fatimid Caliphate
571:
570:
567:
563:Fatimid Caliphate
552:Succeeded by
539:
535:Fatimid Caliphate
479:978-0-7486-2008-1
444:978-3-406-35497-7
413:, pp. 47–48.
226:, which besieged
114:Fatimid Caliphate
95:Uthman ibn Qurhub
84:Strait of Messina
32:Fatimid Caliphate
1762:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1628:
1467:
1466:
1249:
1248:
1072:Sharifs of Mecca
1041:Vassal dynasties
982:Bahram al-Armani
903:
902:
849:Siege of Ascalon
631:al-Mansur Billah
597:
590:
583:
574:
573:
558:
530:
524:Preceded by
521:
520:
517:
515:
483:
462:
448:
414:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
375:
361:
355:
349:
328:
318:
299:
293:
280:
274:
268:
262:
64:Byzantine Empire
60:gradual conquest
36:Byzantine Empire
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1740:Torture victims
1685:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1614:
1573:
1550:Portable mihrab
1510:Al-Hakim Mosque
1454:
1437:
1431:
1350:and theologians
1349:
1341:
1284:
1234:
1201:
1151:
1139:
1036:
909:
898:
892:
697:
621:al-Mahdi Billah
607:
601:
557:
548:
529:
490:
488:Further reading
480:
445:
422:
417:
409:
405:
397:
393:
385:
378:
362:
358:
350:
331:
319:
302:
294:
283:
275:
271:
263:
252:
248:
213:al-Mahdi Billah
191:, who was then
154:robes of honour
122:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1682:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1634:
1633:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1540:Juyushi Mosque
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1479:
1477:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1127:
1117:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1055:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
962:Badr al-Jamali
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
900:
894:
893:
891:
890:
889:
888:
878:
873:
872:
871:
851:
846:
841:
840:
839:
823:
818:
813:
807:
806:
805:
800:
794:
789:
784:
779:Struggle with
777:
767:
758:
753:
747:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
711:
705:
703:
699:
698:
696:
695:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
641:al-Aziz Billah
638:
633:
628:
623:
617:
615:
609:
608:
600:
599:
592:
585:
577:
569:
568:
553:
550:
540:
525:
519:
518:
502:(in Spanish).
489:
486:
485:
484:
478:
463:
449:
443:
421:
418:
416:
415:
403:
401:, p. 167.
391:
389:, p. 213.
376:
356:
354:, p. 166.
329:
300:
281:
269:
267:, p. 164.
249:
247:
244:
143:Abbasid caliph
121:
118:
51:
48:
40:southern Italy
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1767:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Hamdan Qarmat
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:Hamza ibn Ali
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1197:Qadi al-Fadil
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
912:
908:
904:
901:
895:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
877:
874:
869:
865:
862:
861:
860:
856:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:First Crusade
842:
837:
833:
830:
829:
828:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
808:
804:
801:
799:
796:Uprisings of
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
759:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:Rebellion of
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
715:
714:Establishment
712:
710:
707:
706:
704:
700:
694:
693:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
616:
614:
610:
605:
598:
593:
591:
586:
584:
579:
578:
575:
566:
565:
564:
556:
547:
546:
538:
537:
536:
528:
522:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
491:
481:
475:
471:
470:
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
446:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:
412:
411:Metcalfe 2009
407:
400:
395:
388:
383:
381:
373:
369:
365:
360:
353:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
338:
336:
334:
326:
322:
317:
315:
313:
311:
309:
307:
305:
298:, p. 47.
297:
296:Metcalfe 2009
292:
290:
288:
286:
278:
273:
266:
261:
259:
257:
255:
250:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
161:
160:
155:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
117:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1600:al-Musabbihi
1520:Bab al-Futuh
1515:Aqmar Mosque
1475:architecture
1436:Anti-Fatimid
1347:Missionaries
1230:Fatimid navy
1213:Fatimid army
937:Sitt al-Mulk
899:and military
764:Alexandretta
718:
690:
613:Imam-Caliphs
560:
559:
542:
532:
531:
503:
499:
468:
457:
434:
430:
406:
394:
359:
272:
221:
197:
181:Leptis Minor
178:
167:
164:
157:
123:
107:
92:
53:
23:
19:
18:
1530:Bab Zuweila
1525:Bab al-Nasr
1493:Skifa Kahla
1445:Akhu Muhsin
1362:Ibn Hawshab
1269:Esotericism
1192:al-Basasiri
910:and regents
506:: 343–374.
427:Halm, Heinz
146:al-Muqtadir
141:rival, the
1700:916 deaths
1689:Categories
1387:Abu Tammam
1296:Qarmatians
1244:Isma'ilism
1182:Manjutakin
897:Government
853:Regime of
825:Revolt of
809:Revolt of
246:References
240:Ibn Hawqal
209:al-Andalus
174:Heinz Halm
80:Val Demone
24:Ibn Qurhub
1655:Biography
1500:Mansuriya
1318:Assassins
1252:Doctrines
1149:governors
1145:Officials
1120:Banu Kanz
1106:Hamdanids
1102:Sulayhids
1092:Mirdasids
1086:Palestine
1082:Jarrahids
1062:Hammadids
927:Ibn Ammar
811:Abu Rakwa
783:(974–978)
752:(958–960)
746:(943–947)
744:Abu Yazid
739:(937–941)
733:(919–921)
727:(914–915)
721:(913–917)
399:Halm 1991
387:Halm 1991
352:Halm 1991
277:Halm 1991
265:Halm 1991
205:Agrigento
169:strategos
120:Rebellion
68:Aghlabids
62:from the
1438:movement
1417:Abdallah
1325:Musta'li
1206:Military
1154:generals
1110:Zurayids
1066:Ifriqiya
972:Kutayfat
932:Barjawan
859:al-Hafiz
855:Kutayfat
832:Musta'li
781:Alptakin
543:Emir of
429:(1991).
116:in 909.
103:Syracuse
88:Calabria
76:Taormina
72:conquest
58:, whose
44:Ifriqiya
26:, ruled
1679:History
1641:Portals
1483:Mahdiya
1463:Culture
1330:Tayyibi
1259:Imamate
1223:Ghilman
1048:Kalbids
1032:Saladin
1027:Shirkuh
1022:Dirgham
917:Jawdhar
907:Viziers
868:Tayyibi
702:History
692:Dynasty
420:Sources
228:Palermo
217:Raqqada
201:Berbers
150:Baghdad
110:Tripoli
1335:Hafizi
1313:Nizari
1218:Kutama
1177:Bakjur
1172:Jawhar
1134:Multan
1108:, and
1096:Aleppo
1058:Zirids
1052:Sicily
1017:Shawar
870:schism
864:Hafizi
838:schism
836:Nizari
792:Apamea
787:Aleppo
606:topics
545:Sicily
476:
441:
232:Kutama
56:Sicily
28:Sicily
1630:Media
1505:Cairo
1301:Druze
1278:Zahir
1274:Batin
1264:Hujja
1124:Nubia
1114:Yemen
952:Rasad
827:Nizar
766:(971)
433:[
159:jihad
139:Sunni
135:Shi'a
99:siege
1473:and
1276:and
1152:and
1130:Lodi
1060:and
772:and
474:ISBN
439:ISBN
364:PmbZ
321:PmbZ
185:Sfax
1471:Art
774:2nd
770:1st
508:doi
203:of
148:at
86:in
74:of
38:in
1691::
1147:,
1104:,
504:32
498:.
379:^
370:;
366:,
332:^
323:,
303:^
284:^
253:^
90:.
1643::
1136:)
1132:(
1126:)
1122:(
1116:)
1112:(
1098:)
1094:(
1088:)
1084:(
1068:)
1064:(
1054:)
1050:(
866:–
834:–
596:e
589:t
582:v
516:.
510::
482:.
447:.
374:.
327:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.