1939:
fields of
California wanted to strike against the growers in response to the grower's refusal to raise wages from $ 1.20 to $ 1.40 an hour, and they sought out Chávez and the National Farm Workers Association for support. The Delano agricultural workers were mostly Filipino workers affiliated with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, a charter of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations. The unification of these two organizations, in an attempt to boycott table grapes grown in the Delano fields, resulted in the creation of the United Farm Workers of America. The AFL–CIO chartered the United Farm Workers, officially combining the AWOC and the NFWA, in August 1966.
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1943:
Williams. One year later, Kennedy attended a UFW fundraiser where he felt threatened by a man in the crowd; in response, union members protected
Kennedy so he could safely leave the event. Kennedy's connection to and support of the UFW helped to give national momentum to the grape strike. When Kennedy began to campaign in the Democratic primary, the UFW suspended all strikes to campaign alongside him, leading to high turnout amongst them and their allies. The assassination of Kennedy greatly affected UFW members and their communities. Farm workers in Delano held a mass in his honor.
2017:
in
California and began to strike, demonstrate, and organize to fight for a myriad of issues that Mexican laborers faced. While many of the male leaders of the movement had the role of being dynamic, powerful speakers that inspired others to join the movement, the women devoted their efforts to negotiating better working contracts with companies, organizing boycotts, rallying for changes in immigration policies, registering Latinos to vote with Spanish language ballots, and increasing pressure on legislation to improve labor relations.
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1821:
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pro-union neighborhoods in New York to join the boycotting of stores that sold from grapes striking farms. By 1973, Huerta began to act as a lobbyist for the UFW in the
California State congress. During this period, she testified in favor of both Latino and Latina voting rights as well as further protections for farm workers. However, it was most common for Chicana activists and female labor union members to be involved in administrative tasks for the early stages of UFW. Women like
1935:
medical facilities in the area. The first clinics were established within local homes after the strike began. Wanting to expand the clinics, the UFW began sending letters to potential donors and supporters, which resulted in them receiving needed medical supplies and a trailer to act as an additional building for the clinic. These trailers served as the UFW's main clinic in Delano until 1972 when they were closed down in favor of opening the
Terronez Clinic.
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2062:
2262:
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2403:
289:
70:
1890:, who was a community organizer working on behalf of the Community Service Organization. During Chávez's participation in the Community Service Organization, Fred Ross trained César Chávez in the grassroots, door-to-door, house meeting tactic of organization, a tactic crucial to the UFW's recruiting methods. The house meeting tactic successfully established a broad base of local
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were initially unnerved by the powerful image. When the flag was first displayed to the fledging union membership in 1962, some workers complained that it looked like a
Communist flag, others that it resembled a Nazi banner. "It's what you want to see in it," Chavez told them, "what you're conditioned to. To me it looks like a strong, beautiful sign of hope."
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Defense and accused them of deliberately purchasing boycotted grapes. On May 10, UFW supporters picketed
Safeway stores throughout the U.S. and Canada in celebration of International Grape Boycott Day. César Chávez also went on a speaking tour along the East Coast to ask for support from labor groups, religious groups, and universities.
1979:. Initially, the two governments established this joint project to address Second World War labor shortages by allowing "guest workers" from Mexico to work in the American agricultural industry until the end of the crop harvest. Thousands of Mexican citizens came north to work in American fields, and growers used the opportunity to
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staffers resigning. Prominent
Filipino activist Philip Vera Cruz also left the UFW in 1977 after Chavez accepted a invitation to visit the Philippines from the then dictator Ferdinand Marcos. In 1977, the Teamsters signed an agreement with the UFW promising to end their efforts to represent farm workers.
2528:
that existed from 1942 to 1964. Their opposition was due to their belief that the program undermined U.S. workers and exploited the migrant workers. Since the
Bracero Program ensured a constant supply of cheap immigrant labor for growers, immigrants could not protest any infringement of their rights,
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The
Darigold Dozen are 12 dairy farm workers from Washington who filed a lawsuit against Ruby Ridge Dairy in Pasco where they are employed, for wage theft. The UFW held a 5 day Fast on September 20, 2018, outside the Darigold headquarters to protest the poor work condition and treatments the Darigold
1963:
In the later 1910s and the 1920s in the United States, further attempts to organize farm laborers were undertaken by spontaneous local efforts, and some by communist unions. These attempts also failed because, at that time, the law did not require employers to negotiate with workers. Employers at the
1951:
In the early history of American agriculture, farmworkers experienced many failed attempts to organize agricultural laborers. In 1903, Japanese and Mexican farm workers attempted to come together to fight for better wages and better working conditions. This attempt to organize agricultural laborers
1934:
A variety of services were offered to union members during this early period, such as local medical clinics. During the grape strike of 1965 in Delano California, medical volunteers and UFW leadership began establishing medical clinics for workers due to a noticeable lack of affordable and accessible
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was to organize a union for farm workers. In March 1962, at the Community Service Organization convention, Chávez proposed a pilot project for organizing farm workers, which the organization's members rejected. Saul Alinsky did not share Chávez's sympathy for the farm workers struggle, claiming that
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At the mortuary, UFW supporters unfurled their union flag—and then the trouble began. The bold red flag with its black Aztec eagle in a white circle had long been controversial in the Central Valley. During the 1960s grape strike, the growers used to call it "Chavez's Trotsky flag." Even UFW members
2016:
While male activists held leadership roles and more authority, the women activists participated in volunteering and teaching valuable skills to individuals of the Latino community. By the 1960s, Dolores Huerta and others began to shift their attention to the labor exploitation of Latino farm workers
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Between 1965 and 1975 the United Farm Workers activism throughout the United States saw a tremendous increase. UFW started with the 7 states of California, New York, Washington D.C., Mississippi, Arizona, Illinois, and Texas. The movement and fight for change expanded to a total of 42 states in the
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stopped enforcement of the state's farm labor laws, resulting in farm workers losing their UFW contracts, being fired, and blacklisted. Due to internal squabbles, most of the union's original leadership left or were forced out, except for Chávez and Huerta. By 1986, the union had been reduced to 75
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grocery store chain. In addition, he attempted to organize Hispanic farm workers working the farmers market in San Antonio—an institution at that time controlled by the corporate farms. Among his many organizing activities included an early 1972 episode where he and several other UFOC staff members
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In 1969, support for farm workers increased throughout North America. The grape boycott spread into the South as civil rights groups pressured grocery stores in Atlanta, Miami, New Orleans, Nashville, and Louisville to remove non-union grapes. Student groups in New York protested the Department of
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In the early 1980s, Tomas Villanueva, a well-known organizer who had a reputation for his activism for farm workers, agreed to help the UFW when they were in need of a leader for their march in Washington state. Villanueva joined César Chávez in organizing the boycotts and strikes that occurred in
2047:
were important in responsibilities such as credit union bookkeeping and behind the scenes advising. Still, both women along with other Chicana activists participated in picketing with their families in the face of police intimidation and racial abuse. Keeping track of union services and membership
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In 1959, Chávez achieved the rank of executive director in the Community Service Organization. He established professional relationships with local community organizations that aimed to empower the working class population by encouraging them to become more politically active. One of these was the
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National support for the UFW continued to grow in 1968, and hundreds of UFW members and supporters were arrested. Picketing continued throughout the country, including in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Florida. The mayors of New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Buffalo, Detroit, and
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In 1972 the UFW opened the Terronez Clinic in Delano, California. The clinic was primarily staffed by volunteer doctors and nurses who recently graduated medical school along with and administrative staff made of local supporters. By the end of their first year, the clinic had served an estimated
2012:
for Latino civil rights. The racial discrimination and economic disadvantages they faced from a young age made it necessary to form networks of support like the CSO to empower Latinos in America with voter registration drives, citizenship classes, lawsuits and legislative campaigns, and political
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The UFW continues to raise awareness on the treatment of Darigold farm workers and speaks out against Starbucks who buy their milk from the Darigold company. On the UFW website, they have flyers and videos about the conditions dairy farmers face, which they encourage people to share with others.
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In the late 1970s, the leadership of the UFW was wracked by a series of conflicts, as differences emerged between Chávez and some of his former colleagues. Trying to maintain union membership and strength, the UFW began to control the activities of local chapters which resulted in some longtime
1959:
organized a rally of two thousand farm workers at a large ranch in a rural area of Northern California. This resulted in an attack by National Guardsmen against participants. As a result of the violence, the two lead organizers for the Industrial Workers of the World were arrested, convicted of
1942:
During the early years of the UFW, one of their most prominent allies was Senator Robert F. Kennedy. In March 1966, Kennedy visited and spoke with union members participating in the Delano grape strike and later conducted a hearing on migrant farm workers with senators George Murphy and Harrison
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Additionally, there was a major scare over pesticides in California at the time; watermelons would make the farm workers and consumers very ill. The UFW was outraged to hear about the use of illegal pesticides, and Chávez decided to fast for 36 days to protest the dangers pesticides had on farm
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Although still in its infant stages, the organization lent its support to a strike by workers in the rose industry in 1965. This initial protest by the young organization resulted in a failed attempt to strike against the rose industry. That same year the farm workers who worked in the Delano
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On September 21, 1986, Villanueva became the first president of the Washington state UFW. He was a great leader for the UFW activists in Washington since he led many strikes and influenced people to join the United Farm Workers movement. People who were against the movement started threatening
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Between 1964 and 1965, Gilbert Padilla and Huerta organized wine and liquor boycotts throughout California. Later, in 1968, Huerta led the boycotts of grapes within the east coast, successfully convincing other unions, such as the seafarer union, to join their cause while also getting multiple
1971:
took effect. This legislation provided most American workers the right to join unions and bargain collectively. Agricultural workers were exempt from the protection of this law. Some believe that this labor category was excluded as a result of a political tactic to gain the support of Southern
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On a few occasions, concerns that illegal immigrant labor would undermine UFW strike campaigns led to controversial events. The UFW describes these as anti-strikebreaking events, but some have also interpreted them as anti-immigrant. In 1969, Chávez and members of the UFW marched through the
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rally, but no changes in law resulted. Strikes and arrests continued in Rio Grande City through 1966 into 1967. Violence increased as the spring melon crop ripened and time neared for the May harvest. In June, when beatings of two UFWOC supporters by Texas rangers surfaced, tempers flared.
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traveled to Texas and organized local farmworkers into the Independent Workers' Association. At the time, some melon workers lacked access to freshwater while working in the fields, some lacked sanitary facilities for human waste, and some were present in the fields as crop dusters dropped
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in the retail grocery industry. The union struggled to regain the members it had lost in the lettuce fields; it never fully recovered its strength in grapes, due in some part to incompetent management of the hiring halls it had established that seemed to favor some workers over others.
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In 1967, UFW supporters in Oregon began picketing stores in Eugene, Salem, and Portland. After melon workers went on strike in Texas, growers held the first union representation elections in the region, and the UFW became the first union to ever sign a contract with a grower in Texas.
2351:, creating an administrative agency, the ALRB, that oversaw secret ballot elections and resolved charges of unfair labor practices, like failing to bargain in good faith, or discrimination against activists. The UFW won the majority of secret ballot elections in which it participated.
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was a Filipino American labor organizer who forefronted the grape strike in Coachella Valley that led to the Delano Grape Strike of 1965. He became assistant director of the UFW. Chávez was the leader and also a gifted public speaker. Huerta was a skilled organizer and negotiator.
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The role of César Chávez, a co-founder of UFW, was to frame his campaigns in terms of consumer safety and involving social justice, bringing benefits to the farmworker unions. One of UFW's, along with Chávez's, important aspects that has been overlooked is building coalitions.
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The United Farm Workers of America's work is dedicated to helping farm workers have the proper conditions in the work field and stand with them in the fight for equality. One of the issues that the UFW is constantly fighting for is the ongoing abuse that dairy workers at
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The grape strike officially began in Delano in September 1965. In December, union representatives traveled from California to New York, Washington, D.C., Pittsburgh, Detroit, and other large cities to encourage a boycott of grapes grown at ranches without UFW contracts.
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By 1965, the National Farm Workers Association had acquired twelve hundred members through Chávez's person-to-person recruitment efforts, which he had learned from Fred Ross a decade earlier. Out of those twelve hundred, only about two hundred paid dues. Also in 1962,
2005:, rather than a trade union. However, when they joined the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), led by Larry Itliong, in a grape-strike in 1965, the group soon took on the characteristics of a trade union and gained official union status with the AFL–CIO.
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accompanied the protestors. Gov. John Connally, who had refused to meet them in Austin, traveled to New Braunfels with then House Speaker Ben Barnes and Attorney General Waggoner Carr to intercept the march and inform strikers that their efforts would have no effect.
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The UFW during Chávez's tenure was committed to restricting immigration. Chávez and other like-minded individuals advocated for enforcement of laws such as the Alien Contract Labor Act of 1885 to fight the influx of people that could hurt their cause. Chávez and
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chapters during Ross's era, and Chávez used this technique to extend the UFW's reach as well as to find up and coming organizers. During the 1950s, Chávez and Ross developed 22 new Community Service Organization chapters in the Mexican American neighborhoods of
54:
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In the summer of 1966, unions and religious groups from Seattle and Portland endorsed the boycott. Supporters formed a boycott committee in Vancouver, prompting an outpouring of support from Canadians that continued throughout the following years.
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were traditionally responsibilities given to female organizers and it was integral to the institutional survival of the UFW, but it has gone much less recognized throughout history due to the male led strikes receiving majority public attention.
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to the border of Mexico to protest growers' use of illegal immigrants as strikebreakers. The UFW and Chávez reported illegal immigrants who served as strikebreaking replacement workers (as well as those who refused to unionize) to the
2024:
used their education and resources arrange programs at the grassroots level, sustaining and leading members it into the labor movement. As the sister-in-law of César Chávez, Huerta had great influence over the direction that it took.
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organizing farm workers, "was like fighting on a constantly disintegrating bed of sand." (Alinsky, 1967) Chávez responded by resigning to create the farm workers union that later became known as the National Farm Workers Association.
3707:
2332:, who wanted to avoid recognizing the UFW. Then in 1973, when the three-year UFW grape contracts expired, the grape growers signed contracts giving the Teamsters the right to represent the workers who had been members of the UFW.
241:, and the NFWA went on strike in support. As a result of the commonality in goals and methods, the NFWA and the AWOC formed the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee on August 22, 1966. This organization was accepted into the
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farmers face and to bring attention to the Darigold Dozen. On May 8, 2019 the employers of the Darigold Dozen dropped their countersuit against their former employees and dropped a lawsuit that they had filed against the UFW.
2321:. Whereas Chávez thought this change would help create "a national union of the poor ... serving the needs of all who suffer", other union members objected to this distancing of the leadership away from the farmworkers.
2598:. On January 13, 2006, the union officially disaffiliated from the AFL–CIO. In contrast to other Change to Win-affiliated unions, the AFL–CIO neglected to offer the right of affiliation to regional bodies to the UFW.
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leaders of the group such as Villanueva, but he continued organizing rallies. Even though there was some success in Washington state, the overall UFW membership started decreasing towards the end of the 1980s.
2718:"Richard Chavez dies at 81; brother of Cesar Chavez (He helped Cesar Chavez build the United Farm Workers into a political and agricultural force. He organized the California grape boycott in the late 1960s.)"
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to demand the $ 1.25 minimum wage and other improvements for farm workers. Press coverage intensified as the marchers made their way north in the summer heat. Politicians, members of the AFL–CIO, and the
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In 2013, farm workers working at a Fresno facility, for California's largest peach producer, voted to de-certify the United Farm Workers. News of this decertification was released to the public in 2018.
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farms are facing. Darigold farms workers are known to have dealt with issues such as sexual harassment and wage theft. The UFW has taken an active role in a particular case called the "Darigold Dozen".
4658:
This collection contains leaflets and newspapers that were distributed on the University of Washington campus during the decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Includes ephemera from the United Farm Workers.
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23,000 farm workers and their families. Due to its success, the UFW opened other clinics in Calexico and Salinas. By 1978, UFW Executive Board decided to end the programs due to dwindling resources.
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In 1979, Chávez denounced the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service in a U.S. Senate hearing for the former's refusal to arrest illegal Mexican immigrants whom Chávez said were being used as
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on UFW and pre-UFW farm worker organizing, including interviews with organizers, historical photographs, digitized newspaper articles and a ten-part essay on farm worker struggles in the State.
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The United Farm Workers allows farmworkers to help improve their working conditions and wages. The UFW embraces nonviolence in its attempt to cultivate members on political and social issues.
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In 1966, growers in cahoots with the Texas Rangers brought in pickers from Mexico to break the farmworker strike. Mexicans harvested the melons and put picketing Texas workers out of a job.
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workers and their community. This influenced the legislature in California to create more food testing programs, resulting in pesticide-free produce, and to encourage organic farming.
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pesticides on the crops. On June 1, Nelson led workers to strike to protest poor working conditions and demanded $ 1.25 as a minimum hourly wage. Workers picketed and were arrested by
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to prevent Mexican immigrants from entering the United States illegally and undermining the UFW's unionization efforts. During one such event, in which Chávez was not involved, some
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After the passing of Chávez, the United Farm Workers shifted their stance towards immigration and began advocating for undocumented immigrants and campaign against Proposition 187.
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in the Archives & Special Collections at Amherst College. Cohen was General Counsel of the United Farm Workers of America and personal attorney of César Chávez from 1967–1979.
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Farmworker Collective Bargaining, 1979: Hearings Before the Committee on Labor Human Resources Hearings held in Salinas, Calif., April 26, 27, and Washington, D.C., May 24, 1979
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was ignored and disbanded when organizations, such as the American Federation of Labor, neglected to support their efforts, often withholding assistance on the basis of race.
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2155:. The senators took their findings back to Washington as a report on pending legislation. Subsequently, the rangers left the area and the picketing ended. On September 20,
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members, under the guidance of Chávez's cousin Manuel, physically attacked the strikebreakers after peaceful attempts to persuade them not to cross the border failed.
2159:'s devastations ruined the farming industry in the Valley for the following year. One major outcome of the strikes came in the form of a 1974 Supreme Court victory in
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Sowards, Stacey (August 6, 2020). "Dolores Huerta, the United Farm Workers, and people power: Rhetorical participation in Latina/o/x suffrage and social movements".
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took office" in 2003. In 2006 California's first permanent heat regulations were enacted but these regulations were not strictly enforced, the union contended.
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limiting jurisdiction of Texas Rangers in labor disputes. Farm workers continued to organize through the 1970s on a smaller scale, under new leadership in
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2020:
Among the women who engaged in activism for labor rights, traditional and non traditional patterns of activism existed. Mexican-American women like
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Many Mexican women in California who joined the UFW in the 1960s had been previously involved in community-based activism in the 1950s through the
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also co-stars in the role of an owner of a large industrial grape farm who leads the sometimes violent opposition to Chávez's organizing efforts.
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In the 1980s, the UFW joined with the AFL–CIO and other organizations for the national Wrath of Grapes campaign, reinstituting the grape boycott.
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The battles in the fields became violent, with a number of UFW members killed on the picket line. The violence led the state in 1975 to enact the
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TJ worked for UFOC for about 2 years and his responsibilities included organizing the Grape Boycott in San Antonio. His primary target was the
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At the end of June as the harvest was ending, members of the Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor, including Senators Harrison Williams and
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3922:"UFW Strikes, Boycotts, and Farm Worker Actions 1965-1975 - Mapping American Social Movements - Mapping American Social Movements Project"
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Rose, Margaret (1990). "Traditional and Nontraditional Patterns of Female Activism in the United Farm Workers of America, 1962 to 1980".
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In the 1980s, the membership of the UFW shrank, as did its national prominence. After taking office in the 1980s, California Governor
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221:. They allied and transformed from workers' rights organizations into a union as a result of a series of strikes in 1965, when the
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who were attempting to organize warehouse workers in San Antonio were fired upon by security agents of the corporate farm owners.
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2206:. This radicalization of the San Antonio UFOC office led to the eventual collapse of the San Antonio UFOC organizing campaign.
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insignia that became the symbol of the NFW and the UFW. César Chávez chose the red and black colors used by the organization.
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of the UFW and related organizations are held at the Walter Reuther Library, Wayne State University. The website also has an
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There were over 1,000 UFW strikes, boycotts, protests, and other farm worker actions between 1965 and 1975, as collected by
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4620:, The biographical movie, released in 2014 and featuring archival footage and chronicle of the first decade of the UFW.
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and local police. Day laborers arrived from Mexico to harvest the crop, and by the end of June the strike had failed.
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García, Juan R (2012). "Beyond The Fields: Cesar Chavez, The UFW, And The Struggle For Justice In The 21St Century".
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he could eat. The menudo was provided to the UFOC staff by the families of migrant workers working the Texas fields.
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Other organizations that followed in the United Farm Workers fight to empower and seek justice for farm workers are
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other cities pledged their support, and many of them altered their cities' grape purchases to support the boycott.
1996:
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The struggle in Black and brown : African American and Mexican American relations during the civil rights era
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3816:"Workers Are Fasting Over Darigold's Dangerous Working Conditions: "The Carnage Is Daily and People Need Change""
2594:(now known as the Strategic Organizing Center), a coalition of labor unions functioning as an alternative to the
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1956:
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By mid-1971 the Texas campaign was well underway. In Sept. 1971, Thomas John Wakely, recent discharge from the
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1983:. They also used the Braceros to break strikes by resident farmworkers. This program was extended until 1964.
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The union was poised to launch its next major campaign in the lettuce fields in 1970 when a deal between the
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lest they be fired and replaced. Their efforts contributed to Congress ending the Bracero Program in 1964.
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and the growers nearly destroyed it. Initially, the Teamsters signed contracts with lettuce growers in the
1968:
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3447:"50 years later, protesters re-enact a farmworker strike that is scarcely mentioned in the history books"
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murder, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Some believe the two people arrested were wrongly convicted.
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Why David Sometimes Wins: Leadership, Organization, and Strategy in the California Farm Worker Movement
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1995:, the National Farm Workers Association was formed as a social movement organization more akin to a
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Grounds for Dreaming: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the California Farmworker Movement
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César Chávez speaking at the Delano UFW−United Farm Workers rally in Delano, California, June 1972.
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Lastly, they have also emailed the CEO of Starbucks asking him to cut ties with Darigold company.
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Hoffman, Beatrix (2019). ""¡Viva La Clinica!": The United Farm Workers' Fight for Medical Care".
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is the official repository of the United Farm Workers Union. Collections include the papers of
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Garcia, Matt (Spring 2013). "A Moveable Feast: The UFW Grape Boycott and Farm Worker Justice".
2587:
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4572:: A map with over 1,000 farm worker strikes, boycotts, and other actions, as well as an event
2395:. According to United Farm Workers, he was the "13th farm worker heat death since CA Governor
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in the United States. It originated from the merger of two workers' rights organizations, the
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3842:"UNITED FARM WORKERS BEGIN 5 DAY FAST FOR RECONCILIATION AT DARIGOLD HEADQUARTERS IN SEATTLE"
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The Union of Tbeir Dreams: Power, Hope, and Struggle in Cesar Chavez's Farm Worker Movement
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Beyond the Fields: Cesar Chavez, the UFW, and the Struggle for Justice in the 21st Century
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Beyond the Fields: Cesar Chavez, the UFW, and the Struggle for Justice in the 21st Century
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4543:– Court Case Documents, Chateau Ste. Michelle Winery Picket, Joseph Moore Speeding Ticket
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office of the Texas campaign. His pay was room and board, $ 5.00 a week plus all of the
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Chávez's ultimate goal in participating with the Community Service Organization and the
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Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity
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On July 4, members of UFWOC, strikers, and members of the clergy set out on a march to
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Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants and the Politics of Ethnicity
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Trampling Out the Vintage: Cesar Chavez and the Two Souls of the United Farm Workers
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4694:. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
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University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Vietnam War Era Ephemera
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Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
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Agricultural Workers Association (AWA). Dolores Huerta created the AWA in 1960.
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2632:, Delano, California, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
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Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
4233:
3399:"In South Texas, Fair Wages Elude Farmworkers, 50 Years After Historic Strike"
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2972:"The forgotten history of the Filipino laborers who worked with Cesar Chavez"
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1980:
1975:
In 1941, the United States Government and the Mexican Government enacted the
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To March for Others: The Black Freedom Struggle and the United Farm Workers
3067:
2779:
Toxic Nation: The Fight to Save Our Communities from Chemical Contamination
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Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections,
4488:
as well as numerous administrative records and personal papers. Visit the
3059:
2991:"Grapes of Wrath: The Forgotten Filipinos Who Led a Farmworker Revolution"
7162:
6913:
6799:
6630:
6564:
6404:
5247:
5174:
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4742:
4426:
Pawel, Miriam. "Farmworkers Reap Little as Union Strays From Its Roots."
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1992:
1986:
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850:
688:
242:
190:
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The union publicly adopted the principles of non-violence championed by
2313:
In 1970, Chávez decided to move the union's headquarters from Delano to
1947:
Historic complications in organizing farm workers prior to UFW formation
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2086: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2001:
1725:
645:
545:
402:
234:
4065:
Strawberry Fields: Politics, Class, and Work in California Agriculture
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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
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6893:
6620:
6206:
5332:
5307:
4590:
United Farm Workers Union entry, Encyclopedia of Texas Online Edition
3583:(1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 249–276.
3581:
The human cost of food : farmworkers' lives, labor, and advocacy
3104:. Civil Rights and Labor History Consortium, University of Washington
2877:"The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers' Struggle"
2202:
In mid-1973 the San Antonio office of the UFOC was taken over by the
2140:
1874:
1106:
913:
5103:
5007:
4586:: 1965 Grape Boycott Case Study – University of California, Berkeley
3868:"Seattle council calls on Darigold to protect state's dairy workers"
3345:
Flores., Niemann, Yolanda; Armitage, Susan; Patricia., Hart (2003).
3323:
3041:
3039:
2061:
520:
5363:
5262:
4918:
4643:– A searchable and browseable collection from the UC Davis Library.
3779:"Dairy workers recover wages they say were stolen at Darigold farm"
3778:
2440:
2391:
In July 2008, farm worker Ramiro Carrillo Rodriguez, 48, died of a
1720:
1393:
1282:
893:
322:
4366:
The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers Movement
2839:"UFW: The Official Web Page of the United Farm Workers of America"
804:
5924:
5322:
4908:
4898:
4888:
4869:
3939:
3036:
2335:
The UFW responded with strikes, lawsuits and boycotts, including
827:
327:
317:
276:
5297:
4570:
Mapping UFW Strikes, Boycotts, and Farm Worker Actions 1965–1975
4196:"Chavez Employs Senate Hearing To Urge National Lettuce Boycott"
3155:. 0-520-95929-9: University of California Press. pp. 49–50.
1355:
7437:
5717:
5624:
5186:
4923:
4220:
Bardacke, Frank (Spring 2013). "The UFW and the Undocumented".
3726:"Five years later, ballots show fruit workers rejected the UFW"
3344:
3153:
The Self-Help Myth: How Philanthropy Fails to Alleviate Poverty
2549:
In 1973, the United Farm Workers set up a "wet line" along the
1735:
337:
30:"UFW" redirects here. For the GNU/Linux firewall software, see
4421:
Huelga! The First One Hundred Days of the Delano Grape Strike.
4291:"United Farm Workers of America (UFW) - American labour union"
2650:
2427:
leader who co-founded the United Farm Workers. The film stars
7432:
4535:
Guide to the United Farm Workers Information Fair Collection.
2195:
1928:
1925:
620:
4346:
Bardacke, Frank. "Cesar's Ghost: Rise and Fall of the UFW."
2750:
Farm Worker Futurism: Speculative Technologies of Resistance
2590:
On July 22, 2005, the UFW announced that it was joining the
2013:
protests against police brutality and immigration policies.
5047:
4343:. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.
4132:, University of California at Davis – Rural Migration News.
3473:"Texas Farmworker: 1966 Strike 'Was Like Heading Into War'"
3127:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 148–178.
1991:
Before UFW was an official trade union associated with the
630:
69:
53:
7526:
Agriculture and forestry trade unions in the United States
2939:
2937:
7233:
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954
6197:
Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States
4692:
Jon Lewis Photographs of the United Farm Workers Movement
4511:
at the Amherst College Archives & Special Collections
4100:. North American Congress on Latin America. p. 169.
3983:
3402:
2554:
2918:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. Print.
4868:
4364:
Ferriss, Susan; Sandoval, Ricardo; and Hembree, Diana.
3631:"The Creation of the Washington State UFW in the 1980s"
2934:
7273:
Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
7268:
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
4555:
4529:
University of Washington Libraries Special Collections
4519:
University of Washington Libraries Special Collections
4490:
United Farm Workers Collections at the Reuther Library
4013:. San Diego: University of California Press. pp.
1987:
Community organizing and divisions of labor in the UFW
1964:
time could legally fire employees for union activity.
6153:
Early history of food regulation in the United States
5970:
National Farm Workers Association/United Farm Workers
5763:
National Farm Workers Association/United Farm Workers
4667:
Image of United Farm Worker's strike in Delano, 1965.
3635:
The Creation of the Washington State UFW in the 1980s
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2406:
Arturo "Artie" Rodríguez, former President of the UFW
160:
6096:
4686:
Jacques E. Levy Research Collection on Cesar Chavez.
3961:
3660:
The Reagan Years: 1980s: UFW Protests Pesticides Use
3017:"United Farm Workers co-founder Richard Chavez dies"
2689:
Timeline of Latino Civil Rights in the United States
2646:
7243:
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975
2931:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1975. Print.
2811:
2776:
4455:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
4406:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
4143:
4062:
4006:
3605:"UFW at 50: A history of Cesar Chavez and the UFW"
2857:
2524:, co-founder and president of the UFW, fought the
1924:, the brother of César Chávez, designed the black
4662:Cal Poly Pomona University Library UFW Collection
3526:"'The Crusades of Cesar Chavez,' by Miriam Pawel"
7457:
5689:List of Mexican-American political organizations
4595:Farm Workers in Washington State History Project
4527:. 1889–2008. 41.26 cubic ft. (61 boxes). At the
3916:
3914:
27:Labor union for farmworkers in the United States
7481:History of labor relations in the United States
4727:
4641:California UFW collective bargaining agreements
4525:King County Labor Council of Washington Records
4069:. New York: Cornell University Press. pp.
3894:"Tell Starbucks to clean up their supply chain"
3704:New Regulations Help Protect Workers From Heat
3578:
4599:Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project
4146:Cesar Chavez: A Brief Biography with Documents
4097:Beyond the Border: Mexico & the U.S. Today
4093:
2630:National Farm Workers Association Headquarters
2419:is a film released in March 2014, directed by
6082:
5940:
5733:
4854:
4713:
4624:
4509:United Farm Workers Printed Matter Collection
4368:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1998.
4222:International Labor and Working-Class History
4040:"Why Journalists Support Illegal Immigration"
3911:
3555:"Decisions of Long Ago Shape the Union Today"
3552:
3242:International Labor and Working-Class History
2114:In May 1966, California farm worker activist
1855:
4605:The Rise and Fall of the United Farm Workers
3579:Thompson, Charles; Wiggins, Melinda (2002).
3379:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3208:"The Invisible Women Behind Chávez's Throne"
6192:Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains
5707:Category:American people of Mexican descent
4382:(Yale University Press, 2016). xvi, 288 pp.
4312:"Daily Blog: AFL Discriminates Against UFW"
3801:"After 10 years, dairy, UFW settle lawsuit"
3445:Leanos, Reynaldo Jr. (September 26, 2016).
3150:
2777:Setterberg, Fred; Shavelson, Lonny (1993).
2349:California Agricultural Labor Relations Act
2139:Protestors arrived in Austin in time for a
6180:List of food plants native to the Americas
6089:
6075:
5947:
5933:
5740:
5726:
4861:
4847:
4720:
4706:
4541:Rosalinda Guillen and Joseph Moore Papers.
4174:
3964:. Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste
3962:"Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste"
3942:. Farm Labor Organizing Committee, AFL–CIO
3182:"The Neglected Heroines of 'César Chávez'"
2945:"Dolores Huerta Biography - Biography.com"
1862:
1848:
68:
52:
7253:Children's Act for Responsible Employment
4476:, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs at
4446:The Crusades of Cesar Chavez: A Biography
4037:
4004:
3519:
3517:
3417:
3415:
3102:Mapping American Social Movements Project
2874:
2770:
2737:
2711:
2709:
2102:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee
18:Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee
7506:1962 establishments in the United States
7201:National Agricultural Statistics Service
4517:. 1968–1976. circa 0.1 Cubic Ft. At the
4423:Delano, Calif.: Farm Worker Press, 1966.
4219:
4177:"The Arizona Minutemen and César Chávez"
4175:Navarrette, Ruben Jr. (March 30, 2005).
3548:
3546:
3392:
3390:
3348:Chicana leadership: the Frontiers reader
3179:
3122:
2715:
2401:
2027:
1972:politicians in the passing of this law.
1873:
1223:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
7238:Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000
7196:United States Department of Agriculture
6158:Indentured servitude in British America
5826:List of places named after Cesar Chavez
5659:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority
5043:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts
4466:
4141:
3891:
3840:Sherman, Jocelyn (September 20, 2018).
3839:
3776:
3752:"Farm Workers Voted 5-1 to Leave Union"
3496:
3494:
3396:
3274:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3045:
3014:
2929:Cesar Chavez: Autobiography of La Causa
2921:
2883:. Independent Television Service (ITVS)
2423:about the life of the Mexican-American
1437:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts
14:
7458:
6010:Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice
5845:Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice
4262:
4193:
3724:Mohan, Geoffrey (September 20, 2018).
3523:
3514:
3444:
3421:
3412:
3239:
3008:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2706:
2544:Immigration and Naturalization Service
2386:
2368:contracts and had stopped organizing.
2326:International Brotherhood of Teamsters
257:
74:Flag designed by Manuel Chavez in 1962
6070:
5928:
5721:
5674:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans
4842:
4701:
4680:University of California, Los Angeles
4060:
3750:Frank, Stephen (September 20, 2018).
3749:
3723:
3543:
3387:
3312:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
3205:
3146:
3144:
2988:
2969:
2743:
5684:List of Mexican-American communities
5109:1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike
4094:Baird, Peter; McCaughan, Ed (1979).
3505:Office of Labor-Management Standards
3491:
3470:
3426:. Texas State Historical Association
3309:
3206:PONCE, MARY HELEN (March 28, 1999).
3082:
2822:Office of Labor-Management Standards
2671:Hispanic and Latino Americans portal
2255:
2221:
2084:adding citations to reliable sources
2055:
2033:Dolores Huerta (2016) speaking at a
1204:UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center
245:in 1972 and changed its name to the
46:United Farm Workers of America (UFW)
7206:United States Census of Agriculture
5486:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
5430:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
4361:. London and New York: Verso, 2011.
3098:"UFW: Geographic History 1965-1977"
3095:
3048:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
3015:Nevarez, Griselda (July 28, 2011).
2895:
1600:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1537:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
24:
7407:United Food and Commercial Workers
7311:Agricultural workers mental health
5954:
4392:. Oxford University Press, 2009.
4265:Journal of American Ethnic History
3892:Sherman, Jocelyn (March 8, 2019).
3865:
3553:Pawel, Miriam (January 10, 2006).
3141:
2828:) Report submitted March 31, 2023.
2317:, into a former sanatorium in the
1066:The Revolt of the Cockroach People
25:
7552:
7491:Organizations based in California
7476:Trade unions in the United States
7178:Pacific Northwest oyster industry
5816:César E. Chávez National Monument
4676:Charles E. Young Research Library
4547:
4005:Gutiérrez, David Gregory (1995).
3940:"Farm Labor Organizing Committee"
3813:
3397:Burnett, John (August 11, 2016).
2638:, Delano, California, NRHP-listed
2623:
2174:
195:National Farm Workers Association
7531:Trade unions established in 1962
6239:
6098:Agriculture in the United States
5747:
5278:Mexican-American women's fashion
4651:University of Maryland Libraries
4647:United Farm Workers publications
3986:. Coalition of Immokalee Workers
3984:"Coalition of Immokalee Workers"
3777:Sherman, Jocelyn (May 8, 2019).
3422:Bailey, Richard (June 1, 1995).
3351:. University of Nebraska Press.
2663:
2649:
2260:
2226:
2060:
1819:
287:
7392:Farm Labor Organizing Committee
5423:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez
4304:
4283:
4277:10.5406/jamerethnhist.31.4.0100
4256:
4213:
4187:
4168:
4135:
4123:
4114:
4087:
4054:
4031:
3998:
3976:
3954:
3932:
3885:
3859:
3833:
3807:
3793:
3770:
3743:
3717:
3698:
3673:
3648:
3623:
3597:
3572:
3524:Brazil, Eric (April 12, 2014).
3464:
3438:
3338:
3303:
3268:
3233:
3199:
3173:
3116:
2982:
2970:Rojas, Leslie (April 2, 2011).
2963:
2716:Quinones, Sam (July 28, 2011).
2505:Farm Labor Organizing Committee
2071:needs additional citations for
2051:
1957:Industrial Workers of the World
1530:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez
456:California agricultural strikes
7511:Mexican-American organizations
4597:, a multimedia section of the
4194:Cannon, Lou (April 27, 1979).
4150:. Palgrave Macmillan. p.
4038:Irvine, Reed; Kincaid, Cliff.
2831:
2514:
2509:Coalition of Immokalee Workers
2252:Finances (US records; ×$ 1000)
2010:Community Service Organization
1892:Community Service Organization
1031:From This Wicked Patch of Dust
175:United Farm Workers of America
13:
1:
7486:Labor relations in California
5088:Occupation of Catalina Island
5063:Farm workers' rights campaign
4130:"PBS Airs Chávez Documentary"
3656:"UFW Protests Pesticides Use"
3471:Diaz, Joy (August 12, 2016).
3289:10.1080/00335630.2020.1785635
2754:University of Minnesota Press
2694:
2601:
1087:...y no se lo tragó la tierra
626:Occupation of Catalina Island
7521:Asian-American organizations
7412:Woman's Land Army of America
6141:Eastern Agricultural Complex
6126:Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture
4496:Jerry Cohen (AC 1963) Papers
4142:Etulain, Richard W. (2002).
2455:
1969:National Labor Relations Act
1743:Indigenous Mexican Americans
1447:Self Help Graphics & Art
7:
6187:Native American in Virginia
4729:Strategic Organizing Center
4515:United Farm Workers Records
3756:California Political Review
3681:"13th Farmworker Heatdeath"
3609:The Bakersfield Californian
3277:Quarterly Journal of Speech
3180:cl_admin (March 31, 2014).
3151:Kohl-Arenas, Erica (2016).
2642:
2551:United States-Mexico border
1913:Industrial Areas Foundation
1045:The Dirty Girls Social Club
418:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
229:farmworkers of the AWOC in
150:Strategic Organizing Center
10:
7557:
7293:Taylor Grazing Act of 1934
7283:Packers and Stockyards Act
7148:Southwestern United States
6237:
4625:Archives and documentation
4563:
4501:November 11, 2011, at the
2746:"Farm Worker Third Cinema"
1244:This Bridge Called My Back
990:Who Would Have Thought It?
261:
252:
29:
7496:Agriculture in California
7420:
7372:
7346:
7326:Genetically modified food
7301:
7263:Food Security Act of 1985
7218:
7186:
7140:
7111:Northern Mariana Islands
6570:genetically modified food
6368:
6348:Connecticut shade tobacco
6248:
6104:
6035:
6001:
5978:
5962:
5867:
5808:
5780:
5755:
5697:
5641:
5495:
5397:
5341:
5273:Mexican-American folklore
5195:
5096:
5053:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
4998:
4932:
4881:
4758:
4735:
4584:United Farm Workers Union
4474:Walter P. Reuther Library
4448:. Bloomsbury Press, 2014.
4441:. Bloomsbury Press, 2009.
4234:10.1017/S0147547913000045
4061:Wells, Miriam J. (1996).
3254:10.1017/S0147547913000021
2684:Rebecca Flores Harrington
2133:Texas Council of Churches
1748:Punjabi Mexican Americans
1480:Great Wall of Los Angeles
1052:The House on Mango Street
904:Mexican-American folklore
636:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
461:Cantaloupe strike of 1928
247:United Farm Workers Union
155:
145:
132:
122:
104:
94:
83:August 22, 1966
79:
67:
51:
44:
7471:Change to Win Federation
5859:Cesar Chavez Convocation
5268:Mexican-American cuisine
3758:. Washington Free Beacon
3507:. File number 000-323. (
3165:: CS1 maint: location (
3123:Mariscal, Jorge (2011).
2824:. File number 000-323. (
2592:Change to Win Federation
2570:
2358:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2209:
1999:society inspired by the
1826:United States portal
1237:The Church in the Barrio
1097:Poetry and Short Stories
833:Mexican-American cuisine
674:1985–1987 cannery strike
239:initiated a grape strike
177:, or more commonly just
5458:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.
5354:Coyolxauhqui imperative
4316:workinglife.typepad.com
4181:San Diego Union Tribune
4042:. Accuracy in the Media
3530:San Francisco Chronicle
2657:Organized labour portal
2431:as Chávez. Co-producer
2218:Membership (US records)
2181:United States Air Force
1981:undercut domestic wages
1565:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.
1409:Royal Chicano Air Force
1268:Coyolxauhqui imperative
1080:Under the Feet of Jesus
7288:Pure Food and Drug Act
5437:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce
5203:Anti-Mexican sentiment
5165:Killing of Adam Toledo
5148:Great American Boycott
5018:Centro de Arte Público
4478:Wayne State University
3501:US Department of Labor
2818:US Department of Labor
2744:Marez, Curtis (2016).
2588:Martin Luther King Jr.
2407:
2039:
1879:
1544:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce
1427:Centro de Arte Público
1389:East Los Streetscapers
1128:Pensamiento Serpentino
718:Great American Boycott
596:Las Adelitas de Aztlán
566:Conferencia de Mujeres
354:Anti-Mexican sentiment
32:Uncomplicated Firewall
7359:California nut crimes
6371:or territory-specific
5472:Mendez v. Westminster
5409:Botiller v. Dominguez
5389:Youth control complex
5258:Estrada Courts murals
5119:2019 El Paso shooting
5097:Post-Chicano Movement
5058:Plan de Santa Bárbara
5013:Católicos por La Raza
4637:with 400 photographs.
4607:by Michael D. Yates,
3781:. United Farm Workers
3477:All Things Considered
3424:"Starr County Strike"
3060:10.1353/bhm.2019.0071
2995:National Public Radio
2875:Tejada-Flores, Rick.
2405:
2031:
1877:
1622:Madrigal v. Quilligan
1579:Mendez v. Westminster
1516:Botiller v. Dominguez
1308:Youth control complex
684:2019 El Paso shooting
641:Plan de Santa Bárbara
536:Católicos por La Raza
466:Citrus Strike of 1936
408:San Elizario Salt War
379:Early-American Period
6369:State, commonwealth,
5831:Colegio Cesar Chavez
5465:Leal Garcia v. Texas
5160:Justice for Janitors
5078:Los Siete de la Raza
5073:Colegio César Chávez
4965:Mexican Repatriation
4933:Pre-Chicano Movement
4467:Archival collections
4402:Gutierrez, David G.
3926:depts.washington.edu
2756:. pp. 102–103.
2080:improve this article
1572:Leal Garcia v. Texas
1194:MAS Programs, Tucson
983:Living Up the Street
735:Justice for Janitors
601:Los Siete de la Raza
556:Colegio César Chávez
476:Mexican Repatriation
427:Pre-Chicano Movement
398:Mexican–American War
7466:United Farm Workers
7402:United Farm Workers
7248:Capper–Volstead Act
7228:Agricultural policy
5986:Delano Grape Strike
5875:Helen Fabela Chávez
5788:Delano Grape Strike
5288:New Mexican cuisine
5114:1992 Drywall Strike
5083:Los Seis de Boulder
5068:Land grant struggle
4985:Sleepy Lagoon trial
4432:. January 8, 2006.
3898:United Farm Workers
3846:United Farm Workers
2619:2018: Teresa Romero
2387:Recent developments
2319:Tehachapi Mountains
2307: Disbursements
1611:Federal Court cases
1505:Supreme Court cases
823:New Mexican cuisine
785:Abrazos, no balazos
706:Chicano Art Exhibit
679:1992 Drywall Strike
665:Post-Chicano Period
656:United Farm Workers
606:Los Seis de Boulder
591:Land grant struggle
581:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc
496:Sleepy Lagoon trial
271:Part of a series on
264:Delano grape strike
258:Founding of the UFW
217:) led by organizer
179:United Farm Workers
41:
40:United Farm Workers
7516:Boycott organizers
7501:San Joaquin Valley
6136:Columbian exchange
5915:(2014 documentary)
5496:By city and region
5416:Hernandez v. Texas
5379:Spiritual activism
5223:Chicano literature
5038:Chicano Moratorium
4945:Bisbee Deportation
3710:2008-12-16 at the
3451:The World from PRX
2500:span of 10 years.
2408:
2375:Washington state.
2337:secondary boycotts
2315:La Paz, California
2040:
1880:
1647:Population by City
1523:Hernandez v. Texas
1432:Galería de la Raza
1399:Mujeres Muralistas
1298:Spiritual activism
952:Chicano literature
947:Chicana literature
752:South Central Farm
576:East L.A. walkouts
551:Chicano Moratorium
441:Bisbee Deportation
393:Las Gorras Blancas
39:
7453:
7452:
7278:Grain Futures Act
7153:Black Dirt Region
6064:
6063:
5922:
5921:
5912:Cesar's Last Fast
5800:Salad Bowl strike
5715:
5714:
5664:Mexican Americans
5612:Dallas–Fort Worth
5479:Bernal v. Fainter
5451:Medellín v. Texas
4980:Porvenir Massacre
4975:Plan de San Diego
4970:Operation Wetback
4836:
4835:
4671:Los Angeles Times
4461:978-0-520-25107-6
4429:Los Angeles Times
4398:978-0-19-516201-1
4357:Bardacke, Frank.
4352:. July 26, 1993.
3730:Los Angeles Times
3685:www.ufwaction.org
3559:Los Angeles Times
3212:Los Angeles Times
2989:Morehouse, Lisa.
2951:on August 5, 2011
2927:Levy, Jacques E.
2723:Los Angeles Times
2539:Coachella Valleys
2486:Los Angeles Times
2365:George Deukmejian
2295: Liabilities
2282:
2281:
2248:
2247:
2167:, independent of
2161:Medrano v. Allee,
2112:
2111:
2104:
1872:
1871:
1809:
1808:
1791:Mexican Americans
1756:
1755:
1696:Dallas–Fort Worth
1631:
1630:
1593:Perez v. Brownell
1586:Bernal v. Fainter
1558:Medellín v. Texas
1488:
1487:
1418:Art organizations
1316:
1315:
1144:
1143:
1121:Moment of Silence
922:
921:
760:
759:
526:Black-brown unity
491:Porvenir Massacre
486:Plan de San Diego
481:Operation Wetback
361:
360:
281:Mexican Americans
223:Filipino American
171:
170:
99:Keene, California
58:Logo designed by
16:(Redirected from
7548:
7354:Adulterated food
7336:Ogallala Aquifer
6243:
6114:African-American
6091:
6084:
6077:
6068:
6067:
5949:
5942:
5935:
5926:
5925:
5821:Cesar Chavez Day
5742:
5735:
5728:
5719:
5718:
5702:Category:Chicano
5632:Salt Lake Valley
5342:Chicana/o Theory
5313:Teatro Campesino
5303:Regional Mexican
5293:New Mexico music
5283:Mexican muralism
5170:Murder of Selena
5033:Chicano Blowouts
5028:Chicana feminism
5000:Chicano Movement
4894:Mexican American
4874:Mexican American
4863:
4856:
4849:
4840:
4839:
4749:Joseph T. Hansen
4722:
4715:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4631:Collected papers
4559:
4558:
4556:Official website
4378:Flores, Lori A.
4339:Araiza, Lauren.
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4149:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4068:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4012:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3918:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3721:
3715:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3521:
3512:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3370:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3096:Anastas, Katie.
3093:
3080:
3079:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2947:. Archived from
2941:
2932:
2925:
2919:
2912:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2872:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2841:. Archived from
2835:
2829:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2713:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2615:Arturo Rodriguez
2308:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2157:Hurricane Beulah
2107:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2064:
2056:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1769:
1768:
1644:
1643:
1501:
1500:
1404:Teatro Campesino
1329:
1328:
1230:Brown, Not White
1171:Chicana feminism
1159:
1158:
1038:Mexican WhiteBoy
1010:Bless Me, Ultima
966:Autobiographical
935:
934:
899:Lowrider bicycle
773:
772:
740:Murder of Selena
651:Raza Unida Party
511:Chicano Movement
446:Bloody Christmas
376:
375:
302:
301:
291:
268:
267:
227:Mexican American
167:
164:
162:
115:
90:
88:
72:
56:
42:
38:
21:
7556:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7456:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7416:
7387:Convict leasing
7382:Bracero Program
7368:
7342:
7303:
7297:
7220:
7214:
7188:
7182:
7136:
7039:Virgin Islands
6969:South Carolina
6370:
6364:
6244:
6235:
6224:Native American
6175:New World crops
6119:Black land loss
6100:
6095:
6065:
6060:
6031:
5997:
5974:
5958:
5953:
5923:
5918:
5863:
5804:
5793:The Forty Acres
5776:
5751:
5746:
5716:
5711:
5693:
5637:
5491:
5393:
5337:
5323:Tex-Mex cuisine
5191:
5181:Proposition 187
5130:Arizona SB 1070
5092:
4994:
4990:Zoot Suit Riots
4950:Bracero program
4940:1917 Bath riots
4928:
4877:
4867:
4837:
4832:
4754:
4731:
4726:
4627:
4566:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4503:Wayback Machine
4469:
4444:Pawel, Miriam.
4437:Pawel, Miriam.
4334:Further reading
4331:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4261:
4257:
4228:(83): 162–169.
4218:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4200:Washington Post
4192:
4188:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4140:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4119:
4115:
4108:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4043:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3866:Groves, David.
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3814:Black, Lester.
3812:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3722:
3718:
3712:Wayback Machine
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3551:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3522:
3515:
3499:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3395:
3388:
3372:
3371:
3359:
3343:
3339:
3324:10.2307/3346700
3308:
3304:
3273:
3269:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3178:
3174:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3094:
3083:
3044:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3022:Tucson Sentinel
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2987:
2983:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2873:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2845:on 5 April 2017
2837:
2836:
2832:
2816:
2812:
2793:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2714:
2707:
2697:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2636:The Forty Acres
2626:
2604:
2573:
2526:Bracero Program
2517:
2458:
2389:
2361:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2212:
2177:
2165:San Juan, Texas
2153:Edinburg, Texas
2108:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2077:
2065:
2054:
2035:Hillary Clinton
1989:
1977:Bracero Program
1949:
1868:
1820:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1786:Chicano rappers
1766:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1707:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1605:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1451:
1413:
1370:Art Collectives
1365:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1249:
1208:
1180:
1176:Chicanafuturism
1156:
1154:Chicano studies
1146:
1145:
1140:
1092:
1073:So Far from God
995:
961:
932:
924:
923:
918:
870:
837:
828:Tex-Mex cuisine
809:
795:Chicano English
770:
762:
761:
756:
746:Proposition 187
695:Arizona SB 1070
660:
541:Centro Cultural
505:
501:Zoot Suit Riots
451:Bracero program
436:1917 Bath riots
422:
373:
363:
362:
299:
266:
260:
255:
159:
135:
125:
118:
111:
86:
84:
75:
63:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7554:
7544:
7543:
7541:Dolores Huerta
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7445:
7440:
7430:
7424:
7422:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7378:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7364:Cattle raiding
7361:
7356:
7350:
7348:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7328:
7323:
7321:Farmer suicide
7318:
7316:Climate change
7313:
7307:
7305:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7224:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7208:
7192:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7144:
7142:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7064:West Virginia
7062:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7047:
7046:
7045:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7030:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7007:
7006:
7005:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6898:
6897:
6896:
6888:
6887:
6886:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6869:North Carolina
6866:
6865:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6829:
6828:
6827:
6822:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6806:New Hampshire
6804:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6696:Massachusetts
6694:
6693:
6692:
6687:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6653:Louisiana wine
6647:
6646:
6645:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6613:
6612:
6611:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6374:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6288:Christmas tree
6285:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6245:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6216:
6215:
6214:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6110:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6094:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6071:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6052:
6049:Juan Fernández
6046:
6043:Richard Chavez
6039:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6021:
6013:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5956:Dolores Huerta
5952:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5929:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5908:
5900:
5898:McDonnell Hall
5895:
5893:Dolores Huerta
5890:
5887:Richard Chavez
5884:
5878:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5848:
5841:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5745:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5722:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5628:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5594:
5589:
5582:
5579:Nuevomexicanos
5575:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5404:
5402:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5359:Gringo justice
5356:
5351:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5233:Chicano poetry
5230:
5225:
5220:
5218:Chicano cinema
5215:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5150:
5145:
5138:
5133:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4821:Workers United
4818:
4813:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4751:(2010–present)
4746:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4644:
4638:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4613:
4610:Monthly Review
4602:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4549:
4548:External links
4546:
4545:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4522:
4512:
4506:
4493:
4486:Dolores Huerta
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4424:
4417:Nelson, Eugene
4414:
4400:
4386:Ganz, Marshall
4383:
4376:
4362:
4355:
4344:
4329:
4328:
4303:
4282:
4271:(4): 100–102.
4255:
4212:
4186:
4167:
4160:
4134:
4122:
4113:
4106:
4086:
4079:
4053:
4030:
4023:
3997:
3975:
3953:
3931:
3910:
3884:
3858:
3832:
3806:
3803:. May 8, 2019.
3792:
3769:
3742:
3716:
3697:
3672:
3647:
3622:
3611:. May 14, 2012
3596:
3589:
3571:
3542:
3513:
3490:
3463:
3437:
3411:
3386:
3357:
3337:
3302:
3283:(3): 285–290.
3267:
3232:
3198:
3172:
3140:
3133:
3115:
3081:
3054:(4): 518–549.
3035:
3007:
2981:
2962:
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2856:
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2810:
2791:
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2691:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2660:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2625:
2624:Historic sites
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2603:
2600:
2584:Mahatma Gandhi
2572:
2569:
2562:strikebreakers
2522:Dolores Huerta
2516:
2513:
2511:(CIW) (1993).
2490:New York Times
2457:
2454:
2433:John Malkovich
2397:Schwarzenegger
2388:
2385:
2360:
2357:
2330:Salinas Valley
2301: Receipts
2284:
2280:
2279:
2268:
2266:
2259:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2234:
2232:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2176:
2175:Texas campaign
2173:
2149:Edward Kennedy
2110:
2109:
2068:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2022:Dolores Huerta
1988:
1985:
1948:
1945:
1922:Richard Chavez
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1844:
1841:
1840:
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1833:
1828:
1813:
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1738:
1733:
1731:Nuevomexicanos
1728:
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1709:
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1507:
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1475:Estrada Courts
1472:
1467:
1461:
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1396:
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1386:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1351:Chicano cinema
1348:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:Gringo justice
1270:
1265:
1259:
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1250:
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1027:
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1013:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
996:
994:
993:
986:
979:
976:Always Running
971:
968:
967:
963:
962:
960:
959:
957:Chicano poetry
954:
949:
943:
940:
939:
933:
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929:
926:
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628:
623:
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613:
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598:
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588:
586:Huelga schools
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
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548:
543:
538:
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528:
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388:Josefa Segovia
384:
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207:Dolores Huerta
169:
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96:
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81:
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73:
65:
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60:Richard Chavez
57:
49:
48:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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7207:
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7199:
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7191:
7189:organizations
7185:
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7000:
6998:
6994:
6991:
6990:
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6984:
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6980:
6979:South Dakota
6978:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6954:Rhode Island
6953:
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6889:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6880:North Dakota
6879:
6875:
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6870:
6867:
6863:
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6858:
6855:
6853:
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2121:Texas Rangers
2117:
2116:Eugene Nelson
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2069:This section
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2026:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1967:In 1936, the
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:In 1913, the
1953:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1905:Larry Itliong
1900:
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1781:Chicano poets
1779:
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1776:Chicano films
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1551:Plyler v. Doe
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1384:Culture Clash
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1288:New tribalism
1286:
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1263:Barrioization
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800:Chicano names
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7536:Cesar Chavez
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7331:Water supply
6926:Pennsylvania
6741:Mississippi
6266:Blackcurrant
6168:Pennsylvania
6055:Cesar Chavez
6023:
6017:Cesar Chavez
6015:
6008:
5969:
5910:
5904:Cesar Chavez
5902:
5853:Cesar Chavez
5852:
5843:
5837:Cesar Chavez
5835:
5769:El Malcriado
5767:
5762:
5749:Cesar Chavez
5679:Bibliography
5600:Philadelphia
5577:New Mexico (
5530:California (
5484:
5477:
5470:
5463:
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5449:
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5435:
5428:
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5374:Rasquachismo
5328:Tortilla art
5318:Tejano music
5243:Chicano rock
5238:Chicano Park
5179:
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5062:
4827:
4669:
4617:Cesar Chavez
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4482:Cesar Chavez
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3823:. Retrieved
3820:the stranger
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3772:
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3562:. Retrieved
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3529:
3483:September 9,
3481:. Retrieved
3476:
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3428:. Retrieved
3406:
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3318:(1): 26–32.
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3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3101:
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3026:. Retrieved
3020:
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2998:. Retrieved
2994:
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2965:
2953:. Retrieved
2949:the original
2928:
2923:
2915:
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2880:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:the original
2833:
2813:
2804:
2778:
2772:
2749:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2721:
2699:
2698:
2609:Cesar Chavez
2581:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2559:
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2459:
2450:
2446:
2437:
2429:Michael Peña
2416:César Chávez
2414:
2413:
2409:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2362:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2323:
2312:
2289: Assets
2251:
2217:
2204:Brown Berets
2201:
2193:
2178:
2169:César Chávez
2160:
2146:
2138:
2125:
2113:
2098:
2089:
2078:Please help
2073:verification
2070:
2052:Texas strike
2045:Helen Chávez
2041:
2032:
2019:
2015:
2007:
2000:
1990:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1918:
1910:
1901:
1884:César Chávez
1881:
1801:Bibliography
1662:California (
1620:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1470:Chicano Park
1442:Precita Eyes
1361:Tortilla art
1293:Rasquachismo
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1114:I Am Joaquin
1112:
1105:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1059:The Rain God
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1024:Desert Blood
1022:
1015:
1008:
988:
981:
974:
909:Pancho Claus
884:Cal-Style VW
866:Tejano music
861:Chicano soul
856:Chicano rock
744:
730:Farah strike
722:
710:
693:
655:
531:Brown Berets
246:
214:
210:
203:César Chávez
198:
194:
182:
178:
174:
172:
146:Affiliations
128:4,682 (2023)
95:Headquarters
36:
7304:environment
7187:Government
7163:Cotton Belt
7049:Washington
6938:Puerto Rico
6848:New Mexico
6816:New Jersey
6663:aquaculture
6486:Connecticut
6395:aquaculture
6057:(associate)
6028:(2017 film)
6020:(2014 film)
5992:Sí se puede
5907:(2014 film)
5532:Californios
5517:Los Angeles
5248:Chicano rap
5213:Chicano art
5175:Party crews
5136:Castro 2020
5124:Abolish ICE
4745:(2005–2010)
4743:Anna Burger
3248:: 146–153.
2515:Immigration
2482:El Macriado
2393:heat stroke
2271:Phabricator
2237:Phabricator
2185:San Antonio
2183:joined the
2092:August 2016
2002:mutualistas
1726:Californios
1712:Multiethnic
1664:Los Angeles
1465:Balmy Alley
1346:Chicano art
1341:Chicana art
1278:Nahui Ollin
851:Chicano rap
701:Castro 2020
689:Abolish ICE
191:farmworkers
187:labor union
141:, president
7460:Categories
7443:Dude ranch
7302:Health and
7168:Fruit Belt
6989:Tennessee
6731:Minnesota
6649:Louisiana
6442:California
6249:Industries
6212:Sheep wars
6002:Portrayals
5963:Co-founded
5883:(grandson)
5881:Sam Chavez
5756:Co-founded
5584:New York (
5570:Nebraska (
5563:Michigan (
5556:Maryland (
5544:Illinois (
5537:Colorado (
5513:California
5023:Chicanismo
4960:La Matanza
4955:Korean War
4349:The Nation
4321:August 14,
4296:August 14,
4205:October 2,
3690:August 14,
3358:0803283822
3186:ColorLines
2801:1256751136
2695:References
2602:Presidents
2421:Diego Luna
1997:mutual-aid
1683:Nebraska (
1676:Michigan (
1669:Illinois (
1640:Population
1332:Visual Art
1325:Visual art
938:Literature
931:Literature
646:Quinto Sol
546:Chicanismo
471:La Matanza
413:Sonoratown
403:Mutualista
262:See also:
235:California
134:Key people
87:1966-08-22
7428:Corn maze
7397:H-2A visa
7258:Farm bill
7173:Rice Belt
7158:Corn Belt
7141:By region
7075:Wisconsin
7024:Virginia
6900:Oklahoma
6781:Nebraska
6751:Missouri
6711:Michigan
6588:Illinois
6502:Delaware
6426:Arkansas
6207:Range war
6045:(partner)
5889:(brother)
5558:Baltimore
5525:San Diego
5384:Vergüenza
5333:Zoot suit
5308:Skull art
4250:144122591
3872:the STAND
3615:April 10,
3535:April 22,
3375:cite book
3297:221054996
3262:146323070
3220:0458-3035
3161:cite book
3108:April 22,
2849:14 August
2456:Geography
2141:Labor Day
1888:Fred Ross
1882:In 1952,
1721:Blaxicans
1655:Arizona (
1456:Locations
1303:Vergüenza
1135:The Moths
1107:Emplumada
1017:Caballero
914:Zoot suit
201:) led by
124:Members
7221:politics
7115:cannabis
7105:cannabis
7091:Wyoming
7053:cannabis
7043:Cannabis
7028:cannabis
7013:cannabis
7009:Vermont
6958:cannabis
6943:Cannabis
6919:cannabis
6852:cannabis
6837:cannabis
6832:New York
6820:cannabis
6795:cannabis
6770:cannabis
6766:Montana
6755:cannabis
6720:cherries
6715:cannabis
6700:cannabis
6685:cannabis
6680:Maryland
6668:cannabis
6638:Kentucky
6592:cannabis
6539:Georgia
6506:cannabis
6491:cannabis
6479:cannabis
6469:Colorado
6452:cannabis
6420:cannabis
6411:Arizona
6400:cannabis
6271:Cannabis
6229:Colonial
6163:Virginia
6051:(father)
5592:Oklahoma
5502:Arizona
5364:Nepantla
5263:Lowrider
4919:Blaxican
4574:timeline
4499:Archived
4242:43302716
4046:June 18,
3708:Archived
3367:51031211
3076:20951034
3068:31885015
3028:July 30,
2976:scpr.org
2887:April 9,
2729:July 30,
2643:See also
2586:and Dr.
2535:Imperial
2441:Darigold
1897:San Jose
1831:Category
1394:Los Four
1283:Nepantla
894:Lowrider
776:Language
346:Concepts
305:Identity
277:Chicanos
209:and the
185:), is a
105:Location
7219:Law and
6910:Oregon
6791:Nevada
6627:Kansas
6604:Indiana
6518:Florida
6457:walnuts
6447:almonds
6378:Alabama
6343:Tobacco
6328:Spinach
6318:Poultry
6219:Slavery
6106:History
6036:Related
6025:Dolores
5868:Related
5669:Writers
5625:Tejanos
5623:Texas (
5617:Houston
5565:Detroit
5546:Chicago
5196:Culture
4909:Pachuco
4899:La Raza
4889:Chicano
4870:Chicano
4564:General
3990:May 10,
3968:May 10,
3946:May 10,
3903:May 10,
3877:May 10,
3851:May 10,
3825:May 10,
3785:May 10,
3665:May 10,
3640:May 10,
3564:May 26,
3430:July 2,
3332:3346700
3225:May 18,
3191:May 18,
2881:pbs.org
2596:AFL–CIO
2273:and on
2239:and on
1993:AFL–CIO
1796:Writers
1736:Tejanos
1701:Houston
1678:Detroit
1671:Chicago
875:Symbols
769:Culture
371:History
333:Pinta/o
328:Pachuco
323:Pachuca
318:La Raza
313:Chola/o
253:History
243:AFL–CIO
156:Website
85: (
80:Founded
62:in 1962
7438:Cowboy
7121:Texas
6948:Coffee
6659:Maine
6555:coffee
6550:Hawaii
6528:tomato
6390:Alaska
6298:Cotton
6283:Cherry
6256:Banana
5877:(wife)
5809:Honors
5630:Utah (
5552:Kansas
5539:Denver
5506:Tucson
5187:Xicanx
5104:Aztlán
5008:Aztlán
4924:Xicanx
4876:topics
4794:Locals
4736:Chairs
4459:
4410:
4396:
4372:
4248:
4240:
4158:
4104:
4077:
4021:
3587:
3509:Search
3365:
3355:
3330:
3295:
3260:
3218:
3131:
3074:
3066:
2955:May 7,
2826:Search
2799:
2789:
2760:
2613:1993:
2607:1963:
2492:, and
2189:menudo
2128:Austin
2037:rally.
1657:Tucson
1254:Theory
1162:Fields
1000:Novels
889:Homies
521:Aztlán
338:Xicanx
231:Delano
7433:Ranch
7421:Other
7374:Labor
7347:Crime
7101:Guam
7080:dairy
6999:Utah
6890:Ohio
6857:chile
6577:Idaho
6560:sugar
6533:mango
6355:Wheat
6333:Sugar
6308:Dairy
6303:Cider
5851:USNS
5642:Lists
5607:Texas
5572:Omaha
5401:cases
4914:Pinto
4904:Cholo
4882:Terms
4781:NABET
4578:essay
4246:S2CID
4238:JSTOR
4073:–90.
4017:–98.
3479:. NPR
3328:JSTOR
3293:S2CID
3258:S2CID
3072:S2CID
2783:Wiley
2700:Notes
2571:Roles
2425:labor
2359:1980s
2210:1970s
2196:H-E-B
1929:eagle
1926:Aztec
1836:Index
1765:Lists
1691:Texas
1685:Omaha
1213:Texts
1199:NACCS
842:Music
805:Órale
621:MEChA
298:Terms
7130:wine
7125:rice
7095:wine
7085:wine
7068:wine
7058:wine
7033:wine
7018:wine
7003:wine
6993:wine
6983:wine
6973:wine
6963:wine
6931:wine
6914:wine
6904:wine
6894:wine
6884:wine
6874:wine
6862:wine
6842:wine
6825:wine
6810:wine
6800:wine
6785:wine
6775:wine
6760:wine
6745:wine
6735:wine
6725:wine
6705:wine
6690:wine
6673:wine
6643:wine
6631:wine
6621:wine
6616:Iowa
6609:wine
6597:wine
6582:wine
6565:wine
6543:wine
6523:wine
6511:wine
6496:wine
6474:wine
6462:wine
6435:wine
6430:rice
6415:wine
6405:wine
6383:wine
6360:Wine
6323:Rice
6293:Corn
6276:Hemp
6202:Wine
5979:Life
5781:Life
5298:Paño
5208:Caló
5154:IRCA
5142:DACA
5048:PCUN
4872:and
4816:NCFO
4811:NAGE
4801:SEIU
4786:PPMW
4576:and
4484:and
4472:The
4457:ISBN
4408:ISBN
4394:ISBN
4370:ISBN
4323:2017
4298:2017
4207:2020
4156:ISBN
4102:ISBN
4075:ISBN
4048:2014
4019:ISBN
3992:2019
3970:2019
3948:2019
3905:2019
3879:2019
3853:2019
3827:2019
3787:2019
3764:2018
3737:2018
3692:2017
3667:2019
3642:2019
3617:2014
3585:ISBN
3566:2015
3537:2014
3485:2021
3458:2021
3432:2021
3381:link
3363:OCLC
3353:ISBN
3227:2017
3216:ISSN
3193:2017
3167:link
3129:ISBN
3110:2016
3064:PMID
3030:2011
3002:2015
2957:2011
2889:2014
2851:2017
2797:OCLC
2787:ISBN
2758:ISBN
2731:2011
2537:and
1886:met
1379:Asco
1356:Paño
814:Food
790:Caló
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712:DACA
631:PCUN
616:MAYO
611:MANA
561:CFMN
279:and
225:and
215:AWOC
205:and
199:NFWA
189:for
173:The
165:.org
163:.ufw
6338:Tea
6313:Hop
6261:Bee
4828:UFW
4806:CIR
4791:TNG
4776:IUE
4771:AFA
4766:CWA
4273:doi
4230:doi
3403:NPR
3320:doi
3285:doi
3281:106
3250:doi
3056:doi
2555:UFW
2082:by
1497:Law
571:CRP
183:UFW
161:www
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