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state that simple reactions to stimuli that do not take a by-route over speculation about causes, such as running from the shape of certain footprints or a pair of eyes by simple reflex without even making a time-consuming association to a predator, would be selected instead by saving one step and therefore time. As a result, these biologists conclude that there are no specialized brain mechanisms for agent detection.
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According to Ulrich KĂĽhnen et al., religion also may have played a role in the formation of group cohesion. As the human brain evolved, the increased cognitive capacity enabled humans to better organize and survive due to increased cognitive computation. The neocortex ratio (volume of gray matter) of
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explains that with larger brains, humans developed language and other forms of expression as tools of communication. This led to the sharing of knowledge and resources, increasing fitness for group members. Over time, as groups grew larger and complex, it took more mental capacity to maintain social
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Since it takes time to think of why a stimulus is present while simply reacting to it goes much faster, some evolutionary biologists criticize the assumption that agent detection would enhance the ability to escape predators as making a fast escape is of high importance to survive. These biologists
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However, agent detection alone may not have been the primary catalyst for the belief in supernatural agents. Gray and Wegner assert that agent detection is likely to be a "foundation for human belief in God" but "simple over attribution of agency cannot entirely account for the belief in God..."
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Many animals exhibit agency detention when avoiding or hunting other animals. To avoid or approach, an animal must be able to observe and interpret another animal’s action tendency and decide whether to flee or resist an attack. Often, this response is facilitated through instinctual reactions.
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Humans associated with each other based on shared ideas of agency. Communal exchange of information allowed groups to establish rules, roles, and rites, leading to the phenomena of religious and paranormal practices. Sacred rules and roles ensured that all members had a role and followed a
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avoiding potential predators seeking to eat or murder them. Hypothetically, this trait could remain in modern humans in the form of hypersensitive agency detection. Instead of just inferring intent of another agent, humans project sentience of the agent to better understand it. Thus, some
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hierarchical structure. Those that contributed to the survival of the group were rewarded. This structure also mostly resolved the free-rider problem (those that take advantage of the survival effort of others and contribute little in return), as argued by
Jonathan Haidt in
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The high cost of failing to detect agents and the low cost of wrongly detecting them has led researchers to suggest that people possess a
Hyperactive Agent Detection Device, a cognitive module that readily ascribes events in the environment to the behavior of
46:), there is survival value in assuming its presence so that precautions can be taken. For example, if a human came across an indentation in the ground that might be a lion's footprint, it is advantageous to err on the side of caution and assume that the
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However, humans and other primates are capable of projecting a theory of mind to other agents to better understand them. Humans in particular attribute intentions to agents to project beliefs or to infer emotions, and involves two steps:
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Detecting false positives enabled animals to survive and have higher fitness as missing a false positive can result in injury or death. This decision process can be mapped as below using
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It is believed that humans evolved agent detection as a survival strategy. In situations where one is unsure of the presence of an intelligent agent (such as an enemy or a
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theorize that "even if the snapping was caused by the wind, modern humans are still inclined to attribute the sound to a sentient agent; they call this person a
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and what they refer to as "existential theory of mind" are also required to "give us the basic cognitive capacity to conceive of God." According to
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the human brain is much larger as compared to other animals as it is only 2% of body weight while consuming 20% of the energy ingested. The
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Scientists believe that the belief in acting gods is an evolutionary by-product of agent detection, and can be considered a
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After recognition of the action, attribution of the agent is considered to understand the agent’s beliefs, desires, and intentions.
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Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought
267:"Blaming God for Our Pain: Human Suffering and the Divine Mind"
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Ecology, Behaviour, and Evolution; Martin Stevens
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1599:Sociobiology
1457:Neuroscience
1437:Intelligence
983:Anthropology
936:Color vision
921:Multitasking
900:Flynn effect
895:Intelligence
877:Folk biology
620:Evolutionary
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497:Darwin's God
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411:. Retrieved
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341:. Retrieved
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303:the original
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261:Gray, Kurt;
241:. Retrieved
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50:is present.
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26:, including
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1738:Determinism
1650:Coevolution
1594:Primatology
1432:Gender role
1337:Orientation
1217:Screen time
1074:Affectional
1056:Development
735:Mate choice
662:By-products
630:Adaptations
593:Cognitivism
440:: 649–658.
1897:Categories
1685:Population
1680:Lamarckism
1526:behavioral
1504:Behavioral
1452:Narcissism
1397:Aggression
1187:Hypophobia
1177:Depression
1064:Attachment
1046:Universals
1010:Psychology
988:Biological
976:Musicology
966:Aesthetics
865:Basophobia
672:Exaptation
650:Reciprocal
218:References
134:See also:
1530:cognitive
1522:Affective
1407:Cognition
1361:Sexuality
1347:Pair bond
1107:Education
764:Cognition
682:Inclusive
622:processes
610:Criticism
1799:Memetics
1559:Ethology
1517:genetics
1352:Physical
1317:Jealousy
1272:Activity
1078:maternal
1034:Religion
1022:Morality
1000:Language
881:taxonomy
694:Mismatch
640:Cheating
635:Altruism
413:28 March
343:28 March
299:18463294
291:19926831
199:See also
146:primates
142:spandrel
44:predator
1700:Species
1472:Suicide
1307:Fantasy
1287:Arousal
1069:Bonding
958:Culture
782:Display
769:Emotion
677:Fitness
566:History
455:2346523
379:Dec 21,
309:Dec 21,
243:Dec 21,
166:order.
62:agents.
24:animals
1878:
1865:
1852:
1442:Memory
1402:Autism
1369:female
1302:Desire
1039:Origin
1015:Speech
1005:Origin
777:Affect
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297:
289:
57:wrote:
28:humans
1412:Crime
995:Crime
926:Sleep
916:skill
756:Areas
295:S2CID
92:Miss
32:agent
1365:male
726:Male
475:ISBN
415:2024
381:2010
345:2024
311:2010
287:PMID
245:2010
95:Hit
48:lion
1264:Sex
941:Eye
450:PMC
442:doi
438:362
404:doi
334:doi
279:doi
157:".
155:god
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