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Affusionists read Peter to be saying "by having the Spirit poured out on them, these people already have been baptized with the Spirit, so why not actually baptize them with water." They understand Peter’s words to imply that water baptism is a symbolic picture of the Holy Spirit baptism. If this is
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Acts of various martyrs show that many were baptized in prison, while awaiting martyrdom; immersion would have been impossible. The most common use, however, was for ill or dying people who could not rise from their beds. It was consequently known as "baptism of the sick". Receiving this baptism was
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Christian denominations which baptize by affusion do not deny the legitimacy of baptizing by submersion or immersion; rather, they consider that affusion is a sufficient, if not necessarily preferable, method of baptism. Affusion and aspersion tend to be practiced by
332:"There are four principal methods of baptizing: (1) submersion (or total immersion) ; (2) immersion, when the head is dipped with or without the candidate standing in the water; (3) affusion, when water is poured over the head and (4) …" (John Gordon Davies,
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and historically different beliefs about the eternal fate of infants who die before baptism, Eastern
Orthodox usually delay baptism until the infant is at least 40 days old, which considerably lessens the dangers of immersion).
417:, in which the candidate stands or kneels in rather shallow water, and the water is either poured over the head of the candidate or the candidate's head itself is pushed partially into the water; (3)
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but not being baptized for years or decades. While the practice was decried at the time, the intent of the criticism was not to encourage baptism by immersion, but to refrain from delaying baptism.
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This text implies that early
Christians saw affusion as a viable alternative to immersion when no living water (i.e. running water like a river or spring) or cold water is available.
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Affusion became the standard practice in the western church around the 10th century, but was in use much earlier. The earliest explicit reference to baptism by affusion occurs in the
353:; where the head, as the prime seat of Man's rational and spiritual being, is in some way submerged, with or without the candidate having to stand in the same container of water; 3.
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right, affusionists contend, then water baptism should be, or, at least, can be, by pouring, because the baptism with the Holy Spirit of which it is a picture occurs by pouring.
381:"In the early Church baptism was by one of four methods: complete submersion of the entire body, immersion of the head, affusion or pouring, or aspersion or sprinkling" (
144:, but this sprang from the person's having put off baptism until the last moment—a practice that in the fourth century became common, with people enrolling as
464:. vol. 1. Roberts, Alexander; Donaldson, James; and Coxe, A. Cleveland, eds. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company), 1951 (original pub. in U.S. 1885).
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is used in the Latin. Both words are used, in other passages, to mean baptism. But in that verse of Luke, the "washing" referred to is partial, like affusion.
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Submersionists say that passages like these do not directly speak to the issue of water baptism because they are, strictly speaking, about baptism with the
349:; or total immersion, where the candidate goes briefly but entirely below the water, on the model of those baptised by John in the River Jordan; 2.
226:). Peter responds by saying, “Can anyone keep these people from being baptized with water? They have received the Holy Spirit just as we have" (
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128:…But if you have no living water, baptize into other water; and if you cannot do so in cold water, do so in warm. But if you have neither,
218:’s concept of baptism includes pouring by noting an additional possible connection between water baptism and Holy Spirit baptism. In
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55:, meaning "to pour on". Affusion is one of four methods of baptism used by Christians, which also include total
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207:. Affusionists think they indirectly apply to water baptism, though, by telling something about the general
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where water is poured on the head of the person being baptized. The word "affusion" comes from the Latin
124:(c. AD 100), the seventh chapter of which gives instructions on how to baptize, which include affusion:
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water three times upon the head into the name of Father and Son and Holy Spirit. (Emphasis added)
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of baptism, regardless of whether the medium of baptism is water or Spirit.
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practice infant immersion (though because of their different theology of
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associated with totally immersing an infant in cold water. However,
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180:’s concept of baptism includes, or allows for,
237:Also noteworthy to affusionists is that, in
361:Christianity in Roman Britain to A.D. 500
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429:On Baptismal Fonts: Ancient and Modern
364:. University of California Press 1981
200:until they were completely immersed.
334:The Architectural Setting of Baptism
214:Affusionists see more evidence that
336:. Barrie and Rockliff 1962. p. 23).
164:, speaks to a “pouring out” of the
112:still practice baptism by pouring.
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345:"The four principal modes are: 1.
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290:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
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170:Acts 2:17,18,33; Acts 10:45
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385:Architecture in Communion
245:is used in the Greek and
19:Not to be confused with
446:Encyclopædia Britannica
192:were baptized with the
110:Conservative Mennonites
73:Christian denominations
388:. Ignatius Press 1998
152:Affusion and the Bible
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549:Christian terminology
527:Catholic Encyclopedia
383:Steven J. Schloeder,
140:regarded as a bar to
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106:Old Order Mennonites
511:New Advent: Luke 11
427:S. Anita Stauffer,
295:Conditional baptism
267:Christianity portal
75:that also practice
275:Believer's baptism
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396:. p. 113).
347:Submersion
319:"Affusion"
306:References
247:baptizatus
239:Luke 11:38
228:Acts 10:47
224:Acts 10:45
59:, partial
529:"Baptism"
458:"Didache"
423:aspersion
415:immersion
351:Immersion
243:ἐβαπτίσθη
190:disciples
186:Pentecost
91:and some
65:aspersion
419:affusion
372:. p, 204
355:Affusion
253:See also
160:book of
130:pour out
81:drowning
38:Affusion
21:Effusion
544:Baptism
411:dipping
220:Acts 10
209:concept
182:baptism
174:baptism
156:In the
122:Didache
116:History
53:affusio
49:baptism
45:affusio
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357:; …" (
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216:Luke
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