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materials. Because of this, composites will probably always be used more in military aircraft, which are constantly being maintained, than in commercial aircraft, which have to require less maintenance. Aluminium still remains a remarkably useful material for aircraft structures and metallurgists have worked hard to develop better aluminium alloys, for example
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often require complex and expensive fabrication machines. Aluminium, by contrast, is easy and inexpensive to manufacture and repair, for example in a minor collision an aluminium component can often be hammered back into its original shape, whereas a crunched fiberglass component will likely have to be completely replaced.
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before failure. Composites, on the other hand, are less damage tolerant and undergo much less plastic deformation before failure. An airplane made entirely from aluminium can be repaired almost anywhere. This is not the case for composite materials, particularly as they use different and more exotic
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will increasingly see the use of advanced composites toward the year 2000(Its now 2024 this is out of date). At present, both manual and automated processes are employed in making advanced-composite parts. As automated processes become more predominant, the costs of advanced composites are expected
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Despite their strength and low weight, composites have not been a miracle solution for aircraft structures. Composites are typically difficult to inspect for flaws. Some of them absorb moisture. Most importantly, they can be prohibitively expensive, primarily because they are labor-intensive and
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The
Advanced composites industry, or Advanced composite materials industry, is characterized by the use of expensive, high-performance resin systems and high-strength, high-stiffness fiber reinforcement. The aerospace industry, including
209:. The industry can be generally divided into two basic segments, industrial composites and advanced composites. Several of the composites manufacturing processes are common to both segments. The two basic segments are described below.
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and some type of fiber reinforcement (typically glass fibers) are used in the production of a wide spectrum of industrial components and consumer goods: boats, piping, auto bodies, and a variety of other parts and components.
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necessary to provide the high-performance resin systems used in this segment of the industry. End-users also tend to be large, and many are in the aircraft and aerospace businesses.
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sectors. Even more specifically ACMs are very attractive for aircraft and aerospace structural parts. ACMs have been developing for NASA's
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to decline to the point at which these materials will be used widely in electronic, machinery, and surface transportation equipment.
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138:(MMCs). Also, materials within these categories are often called "advanced" if they combine the properties of high (axial,
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The industrial composites industry has been in place for over 40 years in the U.S. This large industry utilizes various
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of all types, is the major customer for advanced composites. These materials have also been adopted for use by the
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are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission.
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146:, longitudinal) stiffness values, with low weight, corrosion resistance, and in some cases special
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This article is about advanced materials and their applications. For the scientific journal, see
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563:(Centennial of Flight Commemoration Act Public Law 105-389 105th Congress (November 13, 1998))
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Manufacturing ACMs is a multibillion-dollar industry worldwide. Composite products range from
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Aluminium has a relatively high fracture toughness, allowing it to undergo large amounts of
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While aerospace is the predominant market for advanced composites today, the industrial and
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Suppliers of advanced composite materials tend to be larger companies capable of doing the
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markets; as well as in the swimming pool industry with
Composite wall structures.
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characteristics, compared to other materials, while bound together by weaker
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Materials with unusually strong, elastic fibres bound by weaker matrices
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Advanced composite materials have broad, proven applications, in the
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358:. Large database of companies involved in composite materials.
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558:. NASA. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived from
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503:"Introduction to Advanced Composites and Prepreg Technology"
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that are generally characterized by unusually high strength
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Public domain content from a U.S. government department.
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Advanced composite materials with application to bridges
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Advanced composite materials (science & engineering)
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that include light weight coupled with high stiffness (
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426:(Chap 1 Introduction, and Chapter 2 "Matrix Resins")
179:of the USA, and high-temperature shafting for the
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460:"Polymer Matrix Materials: Advanced Composites"
419:Pilato, L.; Michno, Michael J. (January 1994).
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395:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
379:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
122:Composites are classified according to their
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508:. Advanced Composites Group. Archived from
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477:Materials created by the federal government
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92:while occupying a large fraction of the
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99:Advanced composites exhibit desirable
164:Advanced Space Transportation Program
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556:"Composites and Advanced Materials"
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355:Worldwide Composites Search Engine
197:Overview and historical perspective
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393:from websites or documents of the
377:from websites or documents of the
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466:from the original on 28 May 2010
389: This article incorporates
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373: This article incorporates
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350:Carbon-Fiber Composites for Cars
128:polymer matrix composites (PMCs)
348:Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
176:Federal Aviation Administration
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462:. U.S. Department of Labor.
428:. Springer-Verlag New York.
422:Advanced composite materials
142:) strength values and high (
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33:Advanced Composite Materials
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261:high-performance equipment
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606:Fibre-reinforced polymers
132:ceramic matrix composites
313:aluminium-lithium alloys
292:research and development
76:commonly in use such as
554:Day, Dwayne A. (2003).
352:. Vol. 33, No. 3, 2000.
191:undergraduate education
167:, armor protection for
136:metal matrix composites
391:public domain material
375:public domain material
345:. September 30, 1991.
213:Industrial composites
205:to components of the
66:modulus of elasticity
458:OSHA (May 4, 2009).
187:aerospace industries
86:high strength fibers
60:with unusually high
591:Composite materials
513:(free PDF download)
341:Buckland, Peter G.
308:plastic deformation
259:suppliers who sell
253:commercial aircraft
242:Advanced composites
182:Comanche helicopter
105:chemical properties
78:reinforced concrete
74:composite materials
482:2015-12-07 at the
325:Composite material
284:automotive markets
221:systems including
117:aerospace industry
601:Ceramic materials
596:Materials science
435:978-3-540-57563-4
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298:Limitations
203:skateboards
585:Categories
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519:2010-06-05
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363:References
148:electrical
109:elasticity
80:, or even
223:polyester
62:stiffness
54:materials
35:(journal)
480:Archived
464:Archived
319:See also
249:military
231:catalyst
173:and the
155:aircraft
101:physical
82:concrete
70:matrices
277:archery
273:fishing
263:to the
90:density
534:"Home"
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275:, and
269:tennis
94:volume
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506:(PDF)
227:epoxy
219:resin
144:axial
64:, or
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265:golf
251:and
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233:or
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