167:
643:
655:
3241:
666:
3702:
52:
3251:
1423:
fibers can be engineered chemically, physically, and mechanically to suit particular technical engineering. In choosing a fiber type, a manufacturer would balance their properties with the technical requirements of the applications. Various fibers are available to select for manufacturing. Here are typical properties of the sample natural fibers as compared to the properties of artificial fibers.
3441:
711:
1399:. The latter design provides more optically reflective properties. Synthetic textile fibers are often crimped to provide bulk in a woven, non woven or knitted structure. Fiber surfaces can also be dull or bright. Dull surfaces reflect more light while bright tends to transmit light and make the fiber more transparent.
1135:
Fiber classification in reinforced plastics falls into two classes: (i) short fibers, also known as discontinuous fibers, with a general aspect ratio (defined as the ratio of fiber length to diameter) between 20 and 60, and (ii) long fibers, also known as continuous fibers, the general aspect ratio
1422:
Fibers can be divided into natural and artificial (synthetic) substance, their properties can affect their performance in many applications. Synthetic fiber materials are increasingly replacing other conventional materials like glass and wood in a number of applications. This is because artificial
1076:, etc. In the production of these fibers, the cellulose is reduced to a fairly pure form as a viscous mass and formed into fibers by extrusion through spinnerets. Therefore, the manufacturing process leaves few characteristics distinctive of the natural source material in the finished products.
1371:
Invented in Japan in the early 1980s, microfibers are also known as microdenier fibers. Acrylic, nylon, polyester, lyocell and rayon can be produced as microfibers. In 1986, Hoechst A.G. of
Germany produced microfiber in Europe. This fiber made it way into the United States in 1990 by DuPont.
1357:
Coextruded fibers have two distinct polymers forming the fiber, usually as a core-sheath or side by side. Coated fibers exist such as nickel-coated to provide static elimination, silver-coated to provide anti-bacterial properties and aluminum-coated to provide RF deflection for
1390:
are two measurements of fiber yield based on weight and length. If the fiber density is known, you also have a fiber diameter, otherwise it is simpler to measure diameters in micrometers. Microfibers in technical fibers refer to ultra-fine fibers (glass or meltblown
1014:
Artificial or chemical fibers are fibers whose chemical composition, structure, and properties are significantly modified during the manufacturing process. In fashion, a fiber is a long and thin strand or thread of material that can be
2295:
Low resolution structure and packing investigations of collagen crystalline domains in tendon using
Synchrotron Radiation X-rays, Structure factors determination, evaluation of Isomorphous Replacement methods and other
1395:) often used in filtration. Newer fiber designs include extruding fiber that splits into multiple finer fibers. Most synthetic fibers are round in cross-section, but special designs can be hollow, oval, star-shaped or
1298:
by roasting them in a low oxygen environment. Traditional acrylic fiber is used more often as a synthetic replacement for wool. Carbon fibers and PF fibers are noted as two resin-based fibers that are not
755:
Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
1362:. Radar chaff is actually a spool of continuous glass tow that has been aluminum coated. An aircraft-mounted high speed cutter chops it up as it spews from a moving aircraft to confuse radar signals.
1049:(polyester), which the chemist synthesizes from low-molecular weight compounds by polymerization (chain-building) reactions. The earliest semi-synthetic fiber is the cellulose regenerated fiber,
1191:. The pyrolysis yields an amorphous silicon carbide, including mostly other elements like oxygen, titanium, or aluminium, but with mechanical properties very similar to those of carbon fibers.
744:
substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example
851:
or sulfite pulps. Kraft and sulfite refer to the type of pulping process used to remove the lignin bonding the original wood structure, thus freeing the fibers for use in paper and
770:
Natural fibers develop or occur in the fiber shape, and include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They can be classified according to their origin:
3484:
3547:
1153:
can be drawn from ductile metals such as copper, gold or silver and extruded or deposited from more brittle ones, such as nickel, aluminum or iron.
3489:
2204:
2113:
The tables above just show typical properties of fibers, in fact there are more properties which could be referred as follows (from a to z):
969:, consist largely of biologically relevant and biologically very important proteins, in which mutations or other genetic defects can lead to
3494:
2392:
Serope
Kalpakjian, Steven R Schmid. "Manufacturing Engineering and Technology". International edition. 4th Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. 2001.
3625:
3195:
2136:
Transition
Temperature, Elongation at Break, Elongation at Yield, Fire Resistance, Flexibility, Gamma Radiation Resistance, Gloss,
1328:
1111:
Historically, cellulose diacetate and -triacetate were classified under the term rayon, but are now considered distinct materials.
749:
603:
599:
2169:
1041:
structure and are only modified and partially degraded by chemical processes, in contrast to completely synthetic fibers such as
697:
3287:
2597:
Sain, M. (2014). "The use of sugarcane bagasse fibres as reinforcements in composites". In Faruk, Omar; Sain, Mohini (eds.).
2547:
2523:
2498:
2457:
2425:
2276:
2622:
Narayanan, Venkateshwaran (2012). "Mechanical and Water
Absorption Properties of Woven Jute/Banana Hybrid Composites".
3688:
2606:
2477:
2397:
512:
135:
116:
3527:
3457:
2731:
2326:
1383:
88:
3477:
647:
2293:
1387:
1321:
thermally degrade at high temperatures and do not melt. These fibers have strong bonding between polymer chains
73:
1253:
sources) rather than arising from natural materials by a purely physical process. These fibers are made from:
2165:
95:
3604:
3662:
1359:
2652:
K. Murali Mohan, Rao (2007). "Tensile
Properties of Elephant grass fiber reinforced polymer Composites".
2245:
2145:
690:
1236:
Mineral fibers can be particularly strong because they are formed with a low number of surface defects;
3652:
3280:
2417:
102:
2375:
1187:
but polymers, where about 50% of the carbon atoms are replaced by silicon atoms, so-called poly-carbo-
2318:
2153:
1249:
Polymer fibers are a subset of artificial fibers, which are based on synthetic chemicals (often from
3683:
3678:
2184:
84:
3620:
3254:
62:
2682:
1132:, unlike those artificial fibers derived from such natural substances as cellulose or protein.
683:
69:
31:
17:
3635:
3647:
3415:
3273:
2472:
Hans-J. Koslowski. "Man-Made Fibers
Dictionary". Second edition. Deutscher Fachverlag. 2009
3082:
3044:
2724:
2349:
1104:
442:
2699:
8:
3462:
3410:
3057:
2940:
1099:
454:
2353:
3730:
3599:
3577:
3567:
2173:
2157:
1027:
659:
843:, distinguished from vegetable fiber, is from tree sources. Forms include groundwood,
3735:
3657:
3592:
3587:
3542:
3052:
3021:
2842:
2602:
2566:
2543:
2519:
2494:
2473:
2453:
2421:
2393:
2272:
2121:
1169:
1023:
into a fabric. Artificial fibers consist of regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers.
449:
422:
362:
3642:
3557:
3510:
3420:
2661:
2631:
2357:
2300:
2199:
2137:
966:
962:
923:
109:
3725:
3706:
3552:
3467:
3244:
3067:
3029:
2822:
2717:
2542:. United States of America: Portland Cement Association. 2018. pp. 237–247.
2411:
1221:
1180:
1125:
1120:
1094:
1061:
982:
852:
844:
790:
729:
670:
487:
464:
429:
347:
310:
2975:
3572:
3515:
3472:
3115:
2920:
2775:
2117:
1669:
1392:
1161:
1150:
1145:
715:
524:
413:
225:
3365:
2665:
2635:
275:
3719:
3562:
3520:
3375:
3133:
3105:
3092:
2990:
2905:
2748:
2583:
2413:
The new science of strong materials, or, Why you don't fall through the floor
2340:
Kauffman, George B. (1993). "Rayon: the first semi-synthetic fiber product".
2268:
2219:
2189:
2006:
1913:
1300:
1287:
1250:
1209:
1129:
943:
907:
893:
848:
834:
765:
745:
540:
507:
495:
395:
210:
174:
38:
1037:
Semi-synthetic fibers are made from raw materials with naturally long-chain
970:
3296:
3190:
3180:
3110:
2885:
2877:
2304:
2037:
1414:, show smaller fibrils jutting out and away from the main fiber structure.
1344:
1324:
1295:
1282:
1269:
1225:
1217:
1069:
1020:
955:
951:
862:
594:
584:
519:
190:
183:
27:
Natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide
3100:
2965:
2950:
2890:
2847:
2780:
2240:
2209:
2133:
1411:
1350:
1184:
994:
990:
935:
901:
873:
502:
367:
265:
250:
195:
166:
3310:
1200:
1068:. The cellulose comes from various sources: rayon from tree wood fiber,
654:
3400:
3370:
3330:
3170:
3165:
3034:
2900:
2867:
2832:
2757:
2194:
1375:
1205:
947:
919:
856:
840:
774:
574:
569:
474:
382:
293:
205:
3360:
3072:
2361:
3630:
3380:
3185:
2980:
2915:
2161:
2149:
2129:
2106:
b N/A means properties not readily available or not applicable
2104:
a Adapted from ACI 544. IR-96 P40, reference P240, P209 and
1975:
1696:
b N/A means properties not readily available or not applicable
1403:
1402:
Very short and/or irregular fibers have been called fibrils. Natural
1334:
1291:
1263:
1165:
1065:
939:
927:
822:
778:
589:
220:
2299:. PhD Thesis, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I. pp. 1–221.
1341:
although urethane fibers are starting to replace spandex technology.
51:
3390:
3350:
3315:
3153:
2998:
2930:
2141:
1396:
1382:
refer to sub-denier fiber (such as polyester drawn to 0.5 denier).
1379:
1237:
1216:, are also artificial fibers that come from natural raw materials,
1016:
974:
911:
889:
866:
558:
402:
280:
240:
230:
2765:
300:
3701:
3425:
3335:
3320:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3062:
2770:
2125:
1594:
1543:
1338:
1088:
1073:
1038:
978:
931:
918:
fiber. Six minerals have been classified as "asbestos" including
915:
830:
818:
615:
610:
459:
305:
2837:
806:
357:
3535:
3405:
3385:
3325:
3265:
3217:
3148:
3143:
3138:
2960:
2945:
2935:
2910:
2895:
2857:
2790:
1944:
1851:
1619:
1407:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1276:
1213:
1188:
1053:. Most semi-synthetic fibers are cellulose regenerated fibers.
1046:
897:
881:
786:
782:
620:
554:
550:
545:
320:
260:
245:
235:
215:
200:
2409:
1694:
a Adapted from ACI 544. IR-96 P58, reference P240 and
3440:
3222:
3175:
3158:
3077:
2862:
2852:
2827:
2805:
2795:
1882:
1820:
1789:
1568:
1318:
1257:
1083:
1050:
1042:
998:
986:
877:
826:
814:
810:
802:
710:
625:
579:
562:
469:
377:
372:
352:
330:
3485:
Textile manufacture during the
British Industrial Revolution
1064:
are a subset of artificial fibers, regenerated from natural
3430:
3395:
3355:
3340:
2970:
2955:
2925:
2817:
2812:
2800:
2785:
2540:
Design and
Control of Concrete Mixtures". Sixteenth Edition
2214:
1644:
1002:
885:
869:
798:
794:
342:
337:
325:
315:
270:
255:
847:, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and bleached or unbleached
2709:
1417:
904:, fur such as sheepskin, rabbit, mink, fox, beaver, etc.
1427:
Table 1. Typical
Properties of Selected Natural Fibers
865:
consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are
2518:. Great Britain: Bulter and Tanner Ltd. p. 209.
914:
group. Asbestos is the only naturally occurring long
76:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1707:Table 2. Properties of Selected Artificial Fibers
825:. Plant fibers are employed in the manufacture of
3717:
3490:Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods
2651:
2516:Polymers and Polymer Composites in Construction
1128:come entirely from synthetic materials such as
1056:
2599:Biofiber Reinforcements in Composite Materials
2452:(10th ed.). Fairchild Books. p. 51.
1327:(PE), eventually with extremely long chains /
3281:
2725:
2567:"Polymer Properties – Omexus by Special Chem"
1172:, but the end product is almost pure carbon.
837:is an important component of human nutrition.
691:
3495:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
30:"Fibre" redirects here. For other uses, see
3288:
3274:
2732:
2718:
698:
684:
2621:
2410:James Edward Gordon; Philip Ball (2006).
1183:fibers, where the basic polymers are not
136:Learn how and when to remove this message
2513:
2339:
2285:
1175:
1032:
750:ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
709:
2262:
777:are generally based on arrangements of
14:
3718:
2488:
1079:Some examples of this fiber type are:
741:
3269:
2713:
2677:
2675:
2647:
2645:
2601:. Elsevier Science & Technology.
2578:
2576:
2561:
2559:
2447:
2382:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013.
1418:Typical properties of selected fibers
950:. Short, fiber-like minerals include
3250:
2596:
2441:
2291:
2258:
2256:
1164:are often based on oxidized and via
1009:
74:adding citations to reliable sources
45:
3125:
2700:"Carbon Fiber – Americans Elements"
1114:
737:
648:Agriculture and agronomy portal
533:
24:
3548:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
3439:
2672:
2642:
2573:
2556:
2491:Rheology of Filled Polymer Systems
2466:
2238:
2124:, Continuous Service Temperature,
1139:
25:
3747:
2448:Cohen, Allen (11 November 2011).
2253:
1243:
1231:
961:Biological fibers, also known as
926:class and those belonging to the
759:
3700:
3295:
3249:
3240:
3239:
1208:, made from specific glass, and
665:
664:
653:
641:
165:
50:
2692:
2615:
2590:
2532:
2507:
2482:
2205:Fibers in Differential Geometry
1275:polyvinyl chloride fiber (PVC)
1156:
61:needs additional citations for
2584:"Sisal Fiber – World of Sisal"
2493:. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2450:J. J. Pizzuto's Fabric Science
2403:
2386:
2368:
2333:
2311:
2232:
2168:, UV Light Resistance, Volume
1366:
13:
1:
3012:
2683:"Metallic Materials – TEADIT"
2342:Journal of Chemical Education
2327:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
2225:
1212:, made from purified natural
1194:
3626:Conservation and restoration
2654:Journal of Materials Science
2138:Glass Transition Temperature
1303:, most others can be melted.
1294:PAN fibers are used to make
1057:Cellulose regenerated fibers
7:
3689:Textile manufacturing terms
2246:Online Etymology Dictionary
2178:
2146:Heat Deflection Temperature
37:For fiber in the diet, see
10:
3752:
3653:Mathematics and fiber arts
2739:
2418:Princeton University Press
2292:Saad, Mohamed (Oct 1994).
1331:(e.g. Dyneema or Spectra).
1198:
1143:
1118:
1072:from bamboo, seacell from
1025:
763:
36:
29:
3697:
3671:
3613:
3503:
3450:
3437:
3303:
3235:
3124:
3091:
3043:
3020:
3011:
2989:
2876:
2756:
2747:
2666:10.1007/s10853-006-0657-8
2636:10.1007/s12221-012-0907-0
2154:Ultimate tensile strength
2103:
1738:Elasticity Modulus
1693:
1228:made from melted basalt.
1168:carbonized polymers like
993:and many others, such as
2185:Ceramic matrix composite
2120:, Coefficient of Linear
1281:polyolefins (PP and PE)
1136:is between 200 and 500.
973:. Instances include the
2380:Encyclopædia Britannica
2323:Encyclopædia Britannica
1337:can even be used, e.g.
1201:Glass § Fibreglass
3444:
2489:Shenoy, Aroon (1999).
2305:10.13140/2.1.4776.7844
2263:Kadolph, Sara (2002).
1733:Tensile Strength (Ksi)
733:
718:
660:Engineering portal
32:Fiber (disambiguation)
3528:Australian Aboriginal
3458:Clothing and textiles
3443:
2514:Hollaway, C. (1990).
1176:Silicon carbide fiber
1033:Semi-synthetic fibers
989:, cell proteins like
713:
443:Semi-synthetic fibers
3663:Units of measurement
2172:, Water absorption,
977:family of proteins,
70:improve this article
3707:Clothing portal
3504:Regional and ethnic
3478:Indian subcontinent
2624:Fibers and Polymers
2354:1993JChEd..70..887K
2126:Density of Plastics
1748:Elongation at Break
1708:
1473:Elongation at Break
1428:
785:: examples include
153:Part of a series on
3636:wearable fiber art
3445:
2158:Thermal Insulation
2044: High
1706:
1426:
1309:(aramids) such as
1307:aromatic polyamids
1224:(water glass) and
1091:, a brand of rayon
1028:fiber modification
719:
423:Regenerated fibers
3713:
3712:
3263:
3262:
3231:
3230:
3007:
3006:
2549:978-0-89312-277-5
2525:978-0-7277-1521-0
2500:978-0-412-83100-3
2459:978-1-60901-380-6
2427:978-0-691-12548-0
2376:"synthetic fibre"
2362:10.1021/ed070p887
2278:978-0-13-025443-6
2239:Harper, Douglas.
2122:Thermal Expansion
2111:
2110:
2041: Low
1701:
1700:
1290:polyesters, pure
1240:is a common one.
1010:Artificial fibers
967:protein filaments
892:and hair such as
855:products such as
708:
707:
607:
566:
516:
414:Human-made fibers
334:
146:
145:
138:
120:
16:(Redirected from
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3705:
3704:
3421:Textile printing
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2703:
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2660:(9, 3266–3272).
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2319:"man-made fibre"
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2250:
2236:
2200:Fiber simulation
2116:Arc Resistance,
1758:Water Absorption
1728:Specific Gravity
1709:
1705:
1483:Water Absorption
1453:Tensile Strength
1448:Specific Gravity
1429:
1425:
1115:Synthetic fibers
1105:triacetate fiber
1062:Cellulose fibers
963:fibrous proteins
775:Vegetable fibers
700:
693:
686:
671:Category: Fibers
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488:Synthetic fibers
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3030:Artificial silk
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2181:
2174:Young's Modulus
1778:Maximum Working
1722:(0.001 in)
1703:
1463:Elastic Modulus
1420:
1369:
1246:
1234:
1222:sodium silicate
1203:
1197:
1181:Silicon carbide
1178:
1159:
1151:Metallic fibers
1148:
1142:
1140:Metallic fibers
1123:
1121:Synthetic fiber
1117:
1100:diacetate fiber
1059:
1045:(polyamide) or
1035:
1030:
1012:
983:muscle proteins
971:severe diseases
853:engineered wood
768:
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730:British English
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430:Artificial silk
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77:
67:
55:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3749:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3711:
3710:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3451:History of ...
3448:
3447:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3045:Semi-synthetic
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2691:
2671:
2641:
2630:(7, 907–914).
2614:
2607:
2589:
2572:
2555:
2548:
2531:
2524:
2506:
2499:
2481:
2465:
2458:
2440:
2426:
2402:
2385:
2367:
2332:
2310:
2284:
2277:
2252:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:33,400-55,100
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:10,400-11,600
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1718:Fiber Diameter
1715:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1670:Elephant grass
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1438:Fiber Diameter
1435:
1419:
1416:
1393:thermoplastics
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1304:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1245:
1244:Polymer fibers
1242:
1233:
1232:Mineral fibers
1230:
1196:
1193:
1177:
1174:
1158:
1155:
1146:Metallic fiber
1144:Main article:
1141:
1138:
1130:petrochemicals
1119:Main article:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1058:
1055:
1034:
1031:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
959:
908:Mineral fibers
905:
860:
838:
764:Main article:
761:
760:Natural fibers
758:
732:; from Latin:
716:optical fibers
706:
705:
703:
702:
695:
688:
680:
677:
676:
674:
673:
662:
650:
637:
634:
633:
629:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
543:
532:
531:
530:
528:
527:
522:
517:
505:
494:
493:
492:
491:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
446:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
432:
426:
421:
420:
417:
416:
410:
409:
406:
405:
399:
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
297:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
187:
182:
181:
178:
177:
175:Natural fibers
171:
170:
162:
161:
155:
154:
144:
143:
58:
56:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3748:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3708:
3703:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3648:Manufacturing
3646:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Passementerie
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3256:
3248:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2701:
2695:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2610:
2608:9781782421221
2604:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2478:3-86641-163-4
2475:
2469:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2399:
2398:0-13-017440-8
2395:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2269:Prentice Hall
2266:
2259:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2220:Optical fiber
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Dietary fiber
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:, Shrinkage,
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:Biodegradable
2114:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:Polypropylene
2005:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1958:9,000-17,000
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:Melting Point
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:(Kraft Pulp)
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:thermoplastic
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:petrochemical
1248:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:optical fiber
1207:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:Carbon fibers
1154:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:
953:
949:
945:
944:anthophyllite
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:
903:
899:
895:
894:cashmere wool
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
868:
864:
863:Animal fibers
861:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
839:
836:
835:dietary fiber
833:(cloth), and
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
781:, often with
780:
776:
773:
772:
771:
767:
766:Natural fiber
757:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
717:
712:
701:
696:
694:
689:
687:
682:
681:
679:
678:
672:
663:
661:
656:
651:
649:
639:
638:
636:
635:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
605:
601:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
535:
526:
523:
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97:
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87: –
86:
82:
81:Find sources:
75:
71:
65:
64:
59:This article
57:
53:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:Dietary fiber
33:
19:
3684:Sewing terms
3679:Dyeing terms
3345:
3304:Fundamentals
3297:Textile arts
3191:Polyethylene
2740:
2694:
2657:
2653:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2598:
2592:
2539:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2490:
2484:
2468:
2449:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2412:
2405:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2322:
2313:
2294:
2287:
2264:
2244:
2234:
2210:Molded fiber
2166:Transparency
2115:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2043:
2040:
2038:Polyethylene
1927:2,500-2,800
1781:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1702:
1695:
1674:0.003-0.016
1649:0.004-0.008
1624:0.002-0.016
1599:0.008-0.016
1573:0.008-0.016
1548:0.004-0.016
1500:0.001-0.003
1495:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1421:
1410:or bleached
1401:
1374:
1370:
1345:polyurethane
1325:polyethylene
1296:carbon fiber
1283:olefin fiber
1270:formaldehyde
1235:
1226:basalt fiber
1220:, made from
1218:silica fiber
1204:
1185:hydrocarbons
1179:
1160:
1157:Carbon fiber
1149:
1134:
1124:
1110:
1078:
1070:bamboo fiber
1060:
1036:
1013:
991:microtubules
956:palygorskite
952:wollastonite
910:include the
769:
754:
746:carbon fiber
725:
721:
720:
714:A bundle of
595:Polyethylene
158:
147:
132:
123:
113:
106:
99:
92:
80:
68:Please help
63:verification
60:
43:
3584:Indonesian
3366:Nålebinding
3022:Regenerated
2966:Spider silk
2348:(11): 887.
2215:Nerve fiber
2170:Resistivity
1593:Sugar Cane
1494:Wood Fiber
1376:Microfibers
1367:Microfibers
1360:radar chaff
1351:Elastolefin
1262:PET or PBT
995:spider silk
936:crocidolite
874:spider silk
266:Spider silk
3720:Categories
3672:Glossaries
3401:Rug making
3371:Needlework
3331:Embroidery
3171:Modacrylic
3166:Microfiber
3083:Triacetate
3035:Milk fiber
2901:Camel hair
2833:Lotus silk
2433:28 October
2226:References
2195:Fiber crop
1952:1.38-1.45
1921:1.14-1.18
1874:3652-3697
1713:Fiber type
1658:3770-4640
1655:36.3-50.8
1652:1.02-1.04
1633:4780-5800
1630:50.8-72.5
1608:2175-2750
1582:1880-3770
1557:2750-3770
1551:1.12-1.15
1509:1500-5800
1433:Fiber type
1406:, such as
1335:Elastomers
1256:polyamide
1206:Fiberglass
1199:See also:
1195:Fiberglass
1026:See also:
948:actinolite
924:serpentine
920:chrysotile
857:fiberboard
841:Wood fiber
742:artificial
575:Modacrylic
570:Microfiber
475:Triacetate
206:Camel hair
126:April 2009
96:newspapers
3731:Materials
3658:Recycling
3631:Fiber art
3473:Byzantine
3381:Patchwork
3186:Polyester
3058:Diacetate
3013:Synthetic
2916:Chiengora
2162:Toughness
2150:Stiffness
2048:1.0-40.0
1976:Polyester
1856:0.3-0.35
1782:Temp (°C)
1404:cellulose
1292:polyester
1264:polyester
1166:pyrolysis
1126:Synthetic
1066:cellulose
940:tremolite
928:amphibole
779:cellulose
590:Polyester
455:Diacetate
221:Chiengora
3736:Textiles
3643:Industry
3621:Blocking
3588:Balinese
3532:Burmese
3463:Quilting
3411:Spinning
3391:Quilting
3351:Knitting
3316:Beadwork
3311:Appliqué
3245:Category
3154:Technora
3116:Metallic
2999:Asbestos
2941:Pashmina
2906:Cashmere
2296:modeling
2265:Textiles
2179:See also
2142:Hardness
2020:500-750
2011:0.8-8.0
1980:0.4-3.0
1964:1.2-4.3
1955:300-450
1949:0.4-0.5
1933:1.0-2.5
1918:0.2-0.7
1914:Acrylics
1905:220-265
1902:2.8-5.0
1868:0.5-1.5
1862:260-380
1831:220-580
1825:0.3-0.8
1806:0.5-3.5
1661:1.5-1.9
1605:26.7-42
1602:1.2-1.3
1579:40-82.4
1563:130-180
1554:17.4-29
1520:Musamba
1397:trilobal
1380:textiles
1238:asbestos
975:collagen
912:asbestos
890:sea silk
867:silkworm
845:lacebark
559:Technora
525:Metallic
403:Asbestos
241:Pashmina
211:Cashmere
3614:Related
3578:Oaxacan
3568:Mexican
3558:Mapuche
3511:African
3426:Weaving
3361:Macramé
3341:Felting
3321:Crochet
3255:Commons
3213:Vinylon
3208:Vectran
3203:Spandex
3134:Acrylic
3126:Polymer
3093:Mineral
3073:Piñatex
3063:Lyocell
3053:Acetate
2991:Mineral
2921:Guanaco
2771:Bagasse
2749:Natural
2350:Bibcode
2241:"fiber"
2134:Brittle
2130:Ductile
2017:65-100
1986:40-170
1967:Decomp
1936:Decomp
1924:39-145
1803:30,000
1800:70-380
1595:Bagasse
1544:Coconut
1506:51-290
1339:spandex
1288:acrylic
1268:phenol-
1189:silanes
1089:Lyocell
1074:seaweed
1039:polymer
979:tendons
932:amosite
930:class:
922:of the
916:mineral
831:textile
819:bagasse
738:natural
736:) is a
616:Vinylon
611:Spandex
604:Spectra
600:Dyneema
541:Acrylic
534:Polymer
496:Mineral
460:Lyocell
450:Acetate
396:Mineral
306:Bagasse
226:Guanaco
110:scholar
85:"Fiber"
3726:Fibers
3600:Korean
3573:Navajo
3553:Andean
3536:Acheik
3416:Stitch
3406:Sewing
3386:Plying
3336:Fabric
3326:Dyeing
3218:Vinyon
3196:UHMWPE
3181:Olefin
3149:Kevlar
3144:Twaron
3139:Aramid
3111:Basalt
3106:Carbon
2976:Vicuña
2961:Tendon
2951:Rabbit
2946:Qiviut
2936:Mohair
2911:Catgut
2896:Byssus
2891:Angora
2886:Alpaca
2878:Animal
2858:Rattan
2848:Raffia
2791:Cotton
2776:Bamboo
2741:Fibers
2605:
2546:
2522:
2497:
2476:
2456:
2424:
2396:
2275:
2074:20-30
2071:25-50
2063:50-71
2060:11-17
2023:10-20
1989:2,500
1945:Aramid
1930:20-40
1899:20-30
1852:Carbon
1677:0.818
1664:28.64
1639:40-45
1620:Bamboo
1614:70-75
1588:60-70
1560:10-25
1515:50-75
1408:cotton
1384:Denier
1315:Kevlar
1311:Twaron
1277:vinyon
1214:quartz
1047:dacron
1001:, and
902:angora
898:mohair
882:catgut
823:banana
821:, and
787:cotton
783:lignin
669:
621:Vinyon
585:Olefin
555:Kevlar
551:Twaron
546:Aramid
520:Basalt
508:Carbon
368:Raffia
321:Cotton
311:Bamboo
276:Vicuña
251:Rabbit
246:Qiviut
236:Mohair
216:Catgut
201:Byssus
196:Angora
191:Alpaca
184:Animal
112:
105:
98:
91:
83:
18:Fibres
3605:Māori
3593:Sumba
3543:Hmong
3516:Kongo
3346:Fiber
3223:Zylon
3176:Nylon
3159:Nomex
3101:Glass
3078:Rayon
3068:Modal
2931:Llama
2863:Sisal
2853:Ramie
2828:Kenaf
2823:Kapok
2806:Linen
2796:Fique
2781:Bashō
2766:Abacá
2758:Plant
2686:(PDF)
2329:2013.
2055:0.95
2052:0.92
1992:8-30
1983:1.38
1961:2-12
1890:1.14
1883:Nylon
1859:0.90
1846:1000
1843:1300
1821:Glass
1812:1370
1794:4-40
1790:Steel
1742:(Ksi)
1689:N/Ab
1680:25.8
1576:1.45
1569:Sisal
1467:(Ksi)
1457:(Ksi)
1412:kraft
1347:fiber
1319:Nomex
1258:nylon
1095:Modal
1084:rayon
1051:rayon
1043:nylon
1021:woven
999:sinew
987:actin
985:like
878:sinew
849:kraft
827:paper
815:sisal
811:ramie
803:abaca
734:fibra
726:fibre
722:Fiber
626:Zylon
580:Nylon
563:Nomex
513:Tenax
503:Glass
470:Rayon
465:Modal
378:Sisal
373:Ramie
353:Kenaf
348:Kapok
331:Linen
301:Abacá
294:Plant
261:Sinew
231:Llama
159:Fiber
117:JSTOR
103:books
3563:Maya
3521:Kuba
3468:Silk
3431:Yarn
3396:Rope
3356:Lace
2971:Wool
2956:Silk
2926:Hair
2868:Wood
2843:Pine
2838:Piña
2818:Jute
2813:Hemp
2801:Flax
2786:Coir
2603:ISBN
2544:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2474:ISBN
2454:ISBN
2435:2011
2422:ISBN
2394:ISBN
2273:ISBN
2090:135
2087:110
2082:nil
2079:nil
2067:725
2032:100
2029:165
2026:nil
2014:0.9
2001:170
1998:260
1995:0.4
1970:450
1939:180
1908:199
1896:750
1893:140
1887:0.9
1877:N/A
1871:nil
1840:N/A
1837:2-4
1828:2.5
1815:760
1809:nil
1797:7.8
1772:(°C)
1686:3.6
1683:710
1645:Jute
1636:N/A
1627:1.5
1611:1.1
1585:3-5
1538:N/A
1535:9.7
1532:130
1526:N/A
1523:N/A
1512:N/A
1503:1.5
1442:(in)
1388:Dtex
1386:and
1329:HMPE
1317:and
1272:(PF)
1017:knit
1003:hair
954:and
946:and
900:and
886:wool
870:silk
829:and
807:piña
799:flax
795:jute
791:hemp
748:and
383:Wood
363:Pine
358:Piña
343:Jute
338:Hemp
326:Flax
316:Coir
271:Wool
256:Silk
89:news
2981:Yak
2662:doi
2632:doi
2358:doi
2301:doi
2098:65
2095:55
1762:(%)
1752:(%)
1529:12
1487:(%)
1477:(%)
1378:in
1170:PAN
1019:or
965:or
740:or
724:or
281:Yak
72:by
3722::
2674:^
2658:42
2656:.
2644:^
2628:13
2626:.
2575:^
2558:^
2420:.
2416:.
2378:.
2356:.
2346:70
2344:.
2325:.
2321:.
2271:.
2267:.
2255:^
2243:.
2164:,
2160:,
2156:,
2152:,
2144:,
2140:,
2132:/
2128:,
1313:,
997:,
981:,
942:,
938:,
934:,
896:,
888:,
884:,
880:,
876:,
872:,
817:,
813:,
809:,
805:,
801:,
797:,
793:,
789:,
752:.
602:,
561:,
557:,
553:,
3289:e
3282:t
3275:v
2733:e
2726:t
2719:v
2702:.
2688:.
2668:.
2664::
2638:.
2634::
2611:.
2586:.
2569:.
2552:.
2528:.
2503:.
2462:.
2437:.
2400:.
2364:.
2360::
2352::
2307:.
2303::
2281:.
2249:.
1107:.
1005:.
958:.
859:.
728:(
699:e
692:t
685:v
606:)
598:(
565:)
549:(
515:)
511:(
333:)
329:(
139:)
133:(
128:)
124:(
114:·
107:·
100:·
93:·
66:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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