1769:
79:
146:
1160:(AMOS), the Auroral Photography Experiment (APE-B), the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG), Chromosome and Plant Cell Division in Space (CHROMEX), High Resolution Shuttle Glow Spectroscopy (HRSGS-A), IMAX, Investigations into Polymer Membrane Processing (IPMP) and the Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME-III) experiment. The Investigation into Polymer Membrane Processing (IPMP), is designed to research the mixing of various solvent systems in the absence of convection found on Earth in hopes of controlling the porosity of various
721:
846:
1107:, and was only part of the objectives of the spacewalk, with Newman and Walz fulfilling the other goals as they explained at length to Mission Control Center the differences they perceived between work in orbit and ground training. The two EVA crewmen were ahead of schedule much of the day, and completed more tasks than originally planned. As the two astronauts were cleaning up, a balky tool box lid slowed them down when they had to pry it free and close it for
805:
1287:
501:
1077:
854:
509:
960:
1401:
1009:(DARA) providing the satellite, NASA the Shuttle launch and deployment/retrieval services, and the two parties sharing the science instruments. NASA provided the Shuttle free of charge, in return for access to data and the inclusion of U.S. experiments. ORFEUS, the Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer, designed to measure radiation between 400 and 1280
1099:(EVA) designed to evaluate tools, tethers and a foot restraint platform. Their findings reassured the designers and planners of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing flight that their preparations were sound. This was the third and final shuttle mission to include a preparatory EVA in response to the weaknesses in EVA training exposed by the
951:– where it poses minimal risk to other satellites – after NASA concluded in 2000 that it probably lacked the fuel to move to a higher graveyard orbit. Nevertheless, ACTS should not re-enter the atmosphere for thousands of years, according to Richard Krawczyk, the ACTS operations manager at Glenn Research Center.
915:
in the
Airborne Support Equipment cradle (ASE) designed to release the spacecraft, one primary and the other a backup, simultaneously detonated. This caused minor tears in two dozen insulation blankets mounted on the bulkhead between the payload bay and the AFT near the #3 APU. The ASE ring holding
919:
The
Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS), a significant activity of the NASA Space Communications Program, provided for the development and flight test of high-risk advanced communications satellite technology. Using multiple spot beam antennas and advanced on-board switching and
907:
communications system to a lower frequency and restored two-way communications with the ground. The two-way communications had been lost for a total of about 45 minutes. After consulting the crew, flight controllers began immediately planning for the second, and ultimately successful deploy.
1114:
s trip home. The toolbox lid stretched the spacewalk by about 45 minutes over what had been planned, with Newman and Walz logging a total seven hours, five minutes, and twenty-eight seconds of time outside the vehicle. This was the 112th EVA performed in the history of human spaceflight.
1243:– create the glow. The information on kinds of gases in the extreme reaches of the atmosphere may be coupled with the materials exposure experiment in the cargo bay to assist with the design and construction of future spacecraft.
1037:; France's REOSC provided the 1 m (3 ft 3 in) f/2.5 mirror. The separate 950–1150 Å Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph (IMAPS) added to the observations of hot galactic objects and the
1238:
that records the effect on film in fine detail and another that records the effect on still photographs. The experiments are hoped to provide information about just what types of gases – in addition to
1219:
s lower deck as part of a continuing study of using exercise to counteract the effects of weightlessness on the body. The crew also powered up an experiment that looks at improving membrane filters in
1271:
from the day they were assigned to the flight and then through their training and, finally, the mission itself. The documentary of this crew is called "Space
Shuttle Discovery" and it was narrated by
931:, the spacecraft continued operations through a partnership between the space agency and a nonprofit consortium. It was shut down April 28, 2004, after funding dried up. The satellite was put into a
816:
On July 17, 1993, the launch was scrubbed on the pad due to a flaw in the pyrotechnic initiator controller that triggers the release of the solid rocket boosters from the mobile launcher platform.
573:
mission that launched the
Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) in September 1993. The flight also featured the deployment and retrieval of the SPAS-ORFEUS satellite and its
1194:
as part of investigations into how vision compensates for the inner ear's lack of balance in space. Newman also successfully tested a Global
Positioning System receiver flying aboard
903:
deploy when they did not receive a "go" from MCC as called for in preflight plans made for just such an occurrence. After the waive off of deploy, the crew changed the shuttle's
17:
872:
in East
Windsor, NJ. The satellite was deployed on flight day 1 and served as a test bed for advanced experimental communications satellite concepts and technology. Its
1853:
3350:
3583:
1157:
1064:. This was the fourth flight of the SPAS platform, of a total of seven during the space shuttle program. The SPAS-ORFEUS version was reflown on mission
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2958:
3615:
3458:
3438:
3336:
3277:
3183:
3101:
3080:
1541:
1489:
1386:
3468:
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3646:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3192:
3062:
3697:
3560:
3003:
1501:
3636:
3631:
3605:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3493:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3326:
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3318:
3314:
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was responsible for the development, management, and operation of ACTS as part of a long legacy of experimental communications satellites.
819:
On July 24, 1993, problems with a hydraulic power unit in one of the solid rocket boosters caused another scrub on the pad. Because of the
1198:
as an evaluation of using such equipment to supplement the shuttle's navigation. Also, in a precursor of space station operations, one of
1042:
3688:
971:
Another payload on this mission was the
Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) telescope mounted on the
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3543:
3472:
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3111:
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1839:
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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3106:
326:
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STS-51 was notable for having been scrubbed three times on the launchpad, each time after the crew had boarded the spacecraft:
1338:
2891:
1534:
3735:
1212:
In another medical evaluation, Commander Frank
Culbertson and Mission specialist Daniel Bursch rode a stationary bike on
3708:
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
1022:
2944:
2867:
1017:, on September 13, 1993, and was retrieved at 11:50 UTC, on September 19, 1993. Science contributions came from the
1527:
3730:
2886:
2835:
2820:
2780:
2772:
1103:
mission. The new equipment tested during the extensive spacewalk would later be required for the
December 1993
1862:
1305:
928:
861:
1768:
1251:
The five white stars and one yellow star of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the
629:
986:
1486:
1382:
1872:
1797:
1252:
1234:
Astronauts Carl Walz and Jim Newman operated the experiments designed to study the glowing effect, one a
943:, which should theoretically prevent it from ever being restarted. The spacecraft was moved to its final
139:
99:
983:. Also in the cargo bay was the Limited Duration space environment Candidate materials Exposure (LDCE).
1890:
1300:
1014:
936:
899:, however the crew could not receive communications from the ground. The crew waived off the 2:43 p.m.
312:
916:
the TOS was damaged as well, and ejected debris was visible as the stack moved away from the orbiter.
593:
1440:
1045:(DLR's) Surface Effective Sample Monitor and Canada's IMAX Cargo Bay Camera, which was used to film
1018:
887:
The first attempt to deploy ACTS was delayed by the crew when two-way communications were lost with
2913:
2872:
2861:
1498:
1420:"Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS): Design and on-orbit performance measurements"
1310:
972:
833:(SSMEs) had ignited. A shutdown was then triggered by faulty fuel flow sensors in one of the SSMEs.
609:
372:
154:
133:
2906:
2899:
1550:
1096:
1002:
642:
582:
568:
514:
265:
213:
1474:
1463:
2880:
2854:
1104:
888:
589:
336:
2845:
1427:
921:
865:
534:
78:
3535:
1240:
1085:
1026:
932:
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processing systems, ACTS pioneered new initiatives in communications satellite technology.
881:
873:
322:
8:
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2972:
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1224:
1038:
432:
1255:'s mission sequence. The insignia also depicts the triangular SPAS-ORFEUS on the right.
2936:
1292:
980:
592:(HST) servicing mission later that year. STS-51 was the first shuttle mission to fly a
145:
1223:
and checked on another experiment that has been running well studying the effects of
900:
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654:
526:
270:
1818:
1801:
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395:
280:
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1505:
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666:
530:
405:
275:
891:(MCC) about 30 minutes before the deploy time. Flight controllers could receive
1272:
1268:
1220:
1191:
585:
was also performed during the mission to evaluate tools and techniques for the
442:
1831:
1510:
1419:
845:
829:
On August 12, 1993, the count reached the T−3 second mark, at which point the
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3453:
3266:
3135:
3085:
1405:
1315:
1030:
823:
720:
601:
565:
208:
3600:
1235:
1092:
826:, the next launch window did not open until the second week of August 1993.
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975:(SPAS) payload carrier. ORFEUS was designed to provide information on how
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3555:
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3026:
1335:"Analysis of the First Successful Flight of GPS Abroad the Space Shuttle"
605:
114:
Advanced
Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) satellite deployment
1418:
Gargione, F.; Acosta, R.; Coney, T.; Krawczyk, R. (September 1, 1995).
1228:
880:
fired on time 45 minutes after deployment and boosted the satellite to
840:
488:
Limited Duration space environment Candidate materials Exposure (LDCE)
3692:
3577:
1264:
1206:
1180:
1165:
948:
892:
116:
1005:/NASA agreement called for four co-operative science missions, with
90:
in orbit, viewed from the free-flying SPAS-ORFEUS astronomy platform
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2016:
2011:
2006:
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1991:
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59:
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1713:
1708:
1698:
1404:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1173:
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1034:
989:(MBB) began development of the SPAS carrier (flown previously on
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541:
500:
1513:, the Channel 4 documentary covering the mission and its crew.
508:
3058:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1936:
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1926:
1916:
1911:
1475:
http://www.space.com/spacenews/archive04/actsarch_051004.html
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830:
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from the glass severely impacted receiver performance. Full
1417:
1186:
On board, Mission specialist James Newman donned a special
1050:
1041:
at high spectral resolution (240,000). Other payloads were
976:
927:
After fulfilling its original mission as a key part of the
911:
During the deployment on September 12, 1993, two Super*Zip
869:
574:
562:
482:
Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph (IMAPS)
126:
83:
940:
2966:
1001:) in 1986 into a free-flying astronomical platform. The
612:
3-string GPS would not happen until 14 years later with
1263:
The crew of STS-51 were followed by a camera crew from
862:
The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS)
836:
STS-51 was successfully launched on September 12, 1993.
1456:"Lack of Funding Leads to Shutdown of ACTS Satellite"
600:. It was mounted in an overhead window where limited
485:
Investigation into Polymer Membrane Processing (IPMP)
473:
Chromosome and Plant Cell Division in Space (CHROMEX)
1549:
1282:
841:
Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS)
479:
High Resolution Shuttle Glow Spectroscopy (HRSGS-A)
1190:to perform a medical experiment testing vision in
979:are born and how they die, while studying gaseous
170:9 days, 20 hours, 11 minutes, 6 seconds (achieved)
1058:. A portion of this footage was also included in
3722:
1183:levels in the crew cabin throughout the flight.
1071:
1861:
2952:
1847:
1535:
1029:(IMPAS). ORFEUS' telescope was fabricated by
1007:Deutsche Agentur für Raumfahrtangelegenheiten
963:The ORFEUS/SPAS platform is captured by the
18:Advanced Communications Technology Satellite
2959:
2945:
1854:
1840:
1542:
1528:
507:
499:
144:
77:
1043:Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
1151:
1105:Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission
1075:
958:
852:
844:
803:
702:
577:, which captured spectacular footage of
491:Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME-III)
476:Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG)
14:
3723:
1453:
799:
470:Auroral Photography Experiment (APE-B)
2940:
1835:
1523:
633:
178:6,608,628 km (4,106,411 mi)
1246:
24:
1389:from the original on March 2, 2009
1375:
1023:University of California, Berkeley
857:ACTS heads for geostationary orbit
464:Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS)
25:
3747:
1480:
1341:from the original on June 4, 2011
884:on the first day of the mission.
725:Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.
1767:
1399:
1285:
1141:: September 16, 1993 – 15:45 UTC
1135:: September 16, 1993 – 08:40 UTC
719:
467:Airborne Support Equipment (ASE)
225:92,371 kg (203,643 lb)
27:1993 American crewed spaceflight
1156:In-cabin payloads included the
727:Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
233:18,947 kg (41,771 lb)
1454:Berger, Brian (May 10, 2004).
1447:
1411:
1353:
1327:
1306:List of Space Shuttle missions
1258:
1209:was turned off and restarted.
954:
929:ACTS Gigabit Satellite Network
895:and voice communications from
156:
13:
1:
1337:. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL.
1321:
1072:Extravehicular activity (EVA)
311:September 12, 1993, 11:45:00
1118:
808:Launch as seen from the RSS.
359:September 22, 1993, 07:56:06
7:
3736:Spacecraft launched in 1993
2927:indicates failure missions.
1863:U.S. Space Shuttle missions
1798:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
1278:
1275:. It was released in 1993.
1253:Space Transportation System
1158:Air Force Maui Optical Site
866:Lockheed Martin Astro Space
100:Space Transportation System
10:
3752:
1891:Approach and Landing Tests
1301:List of human spaceflights
987:Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm
922:NASA Glenn Research Center
29:
3706:
3664:
3624:
3569:
3481:
3406:
3359:
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3218:
3144:
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2771:
2716:
2494:
2113:
1901:
1880:
1869:
1810:
1790:
1776:
1765:
1561:
1511:"Space Shuttle Discovery"
1504:October 29, 2013, at the
1021:, Sternwarte Heidelberg,
831:Space Shuttle Main Engine
790:
780:
761:
742:
734:
718:
691:
688:
679:
674:
665:
662:
653:
650:
641:
638:
594:Global Positioning System
498:
460:
455:
451:
441:
431:
427:308 km (191 mi)
421:
417:300 km (190 mi)
411:
401:
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1311:Outline of space science
1164:membranes. RME measures
1013:, was released at 14:06
973:Shuttle Pallet Satellite
30:Not to be confused with
1499:STS-51 Video Highlights
1097:extravehicular activity
1084:On September 16, 1993,
643:Frank L. Culbertson Jr.
619:
373:SLF Runway 15
266:Frank L. Culbertson Jr.
3731:Space Shuttle missions
1492:March 2, 2009, at the
1435:Cite journal requires
1081:
1019:University of Tübingen
968:
889:Mission Control Center
858:
850:
809:
590:Hubble Space Telescope
337:Rockwell International
1466:on February 17, 2005.
1152:Secondary experiments
1079:
962:
856:
848:
807:
703:Crew seat assignments
689:Mission Specialist 3
663:Mission Specialist 1
535:Space Shuttle program
392:Reference system
199:Spacecraft properties
2975:Orbital launches in
1487:NASA mission summary
1080:Walz during the EVA.
1027:Princeton University
882:geosynchronous orbit
874:Transfer Orbit Stage
675:Mission Specialist 2
598:Trimble TANS Quadrex
505:STS-51 mission patch
1147:: 7 hours 5 minutes
1039:interstellar medium
981:interstellar clouds
800:Launch Preparations
658:Second spaceflight
646:Second spaceflight
625:
73:
1822:(1994 documentary)
1293:Spaceflight portal
1082:
969:
859:
851:
810:
696:First spaceflight
684:First spaceflight
670:First spaceflight
624:
606:signal attenuation
596:(GPS) receiver, a
387:Orbital parameters
175:Distance travelled
71:
3718:
3717:
2934:
2933:
2767:
2766:
1829:
1828:
1562:Completed flights
1049:in orbit for the
937:solar array edges
797:
796:
700:
699:
655:William F. Readdy
556:
555:
550:(58) →
271:William F. Readdy
16:(Redirected from
3743:
3272:Molniya-1T No.81
2980:
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2978:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2938:
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1878:
1877:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1819:Destiny in Space
1802:Washington, D.C.
1771:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1468:
1467:
1462:. Archived from
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1247:Mission insignia
1218:
1204:
1126:Newman and Walz
1113:
1061:Space Station 3D
1055:Destiny in Space
723:
707:
706:
681:Daniel W. Bursch
677:Flight Engineer
626:
623:
610:triple-redundant
511:
503:
413:Perigee altitude
396:Geocentric orbit
362:
303:Start of mission
281:Daniel W. Bursch
211:
183:Orbits completed
167:Mission duration
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3642:Gorizont No.41L
3620:
3616:Gorizont No.40L
3565:
3477:
3459:Resurs-F1 No.56
3439:Molniya-3 No.58
3402:
3355:
3337:Resurs-F1 No.57
3283:
3278:Gorizont No.39L
3214:
3184:Molniya-3 No.57
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1506:Wayback Machine
1494:Wayback Machine
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1281:
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1154:
1121:
1111:
1089:James H. Newman
1074:
957:
947:at 105.2° west
945:graveyard orbit
913:explosive cords
849:ACTS deployment
843:
802:
726:
724:
705:
695:
683:
676:
669:
667:James H. Newman
657:
645:
622:
552:
551:
545:
537:
512:
506:
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494:
423:Apogee altitude
406:Low Earth orbit
360:
290:
276:James H. Newman
207:
143:
138:
115:
91:
86:photography of
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3711:Crewed flights
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3469:Meteor-2 No.24
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3262:Resurs-F2 No.9
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2019:
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1551:Space Shuttle
1547:
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1482:
1481:External links
1479:
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1437:|journal=
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1273:Heather Couper
1269:United Kingdom
1260:
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1221:weightlessness
1192:weightlessness
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351:End of mission
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82:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3748:
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3734:
3732:
3729:
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3712:
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3694:
3690:
3687:
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3663:
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3652:
3648:
3647:Solidaridad 2
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3612:
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3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3589:Progress M-20
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3557:
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3513:
3510:
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3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:Progress M-19
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3423:
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3405:
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3333:
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3328:
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3308:
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3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Progress M-18
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
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3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:Orbcomm CDS-2
3190:
3187:
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3182:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3160:
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3155:
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3147:
3143:
3137:
3136:Progress M-17
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3086:Progress M-16
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Orbcomm CDS-1
3060:
3057:
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2892:investigation
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1406:public domain
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1383:"STS 51 (57)"
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864:was built by
863:
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828:
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824:meteor shower
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602:field of view
599:
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584:
580:
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571:
567:
566:Space Shuttle
564:
560:
549:
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540:←
536:
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490:
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209:Space Shuttle
206:
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75:
69:
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61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3710:
3698:Molniya 1-87
3671:
3601:Intelsat 701
3593:
3576:
3524:
3499:
3498:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3366:
3299:
3276:
3197:
3166:
3102:Gran' No.42L
3025:
3008:
3004:Molniya 1-85
2912:
2905:
2898:
2879:
2860:
2853:
2258:
1817:
1648:
1552:
1516:
1464:the original
1459:
1449:
1428:cite journal
1413:
1391:. Retrieved
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1363:. Spacefacts
1355:
1345:November 17,
1343:. Retrieved
1329:
1262:
1250:
1236:spectrometer
1233:
1225:microgravity
1213:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1155:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1108:
1093:Carl E. Walz
1086:spacewalkers
1083:
1059:
1053:
1046:
1006:
985:
970:
926:
918:
910:
896:
886:
860:
811:
791:
781:
693:Carl E. Walz
581:in space. A
578:
569:
558:
557:
368:Landing site
356:Landing date
286:Carl E. Walz
230:Payload mass
222:Landing mass
214:
111:Mission type
87:
68:
3684:Telstar 401
3637:Kosmos 2267
3632:Kosmos 2266
3606:Kosmos 2265
3556:Healthsat-2
3520:Kosmos 2264
3515:Kosmos 2263
3509:ORFEUS-SPAS
3494:Kosmos 2262
3449:Kosmos 2261
3394:Hispasat 1B
3389:Kosmos 2260
3379:Kosmos 2259
3374:Kosmos 2258
3368:Soyuz TM-17
3327:Kosmos 2257
3323:Kosmos 2256
3319:Kosmos 2255
3315:Kosmos 2254
3311:Kosmos 2253
3307:Kosmos 2252
3295:Kosmos 2251
3246:Kosmos 2250
3242:Kosmos 2249
3238:Kosmos 2248
3234:Kosmos 2247
3230:Kosmos 2246
3226:Kosmos 2245
3210:Kosmos 2244
3205:Kosmos 2243
3179:Kosmos 2242
3173:SPARTAN 201
3162:Kosmos 2241
3157:Kosmos 2240
3152:Kosmos 2239
3131:Kosmos 2238
3117:Kosmos 2237
3076:Kosmos 2236
3072:Kosmos 2235
3068:Kosmos 2234
3054:Kosmos 2233
3033:Kosmos 2232
3027:Soyuz TM-16
3021:Kosmos 2231
2999:Kosmos 2230
1259:Documentary
1229:plant cells
1133:EVA 1 Start
955:SPAS-ORFEUS
939:facing the
878:upper stage
735:Culbertson
575:IMAX camera
513:From left:
456:Instruments
433:Inclination
319:Launch site
308:Launch date
3725:Categories
3651:Meteosat 6
2914:Enterprise
2862:Challenger
1791:On display
1322:References
1207:fuel cells
639:Commander
634:Astronaut
604:(FoV) and
515:Culbertson
333:Contractor
204:Spacecraft
3693:Thaicom 1
3689:DirecTV-1
3578:Landsat 6
3561:Gran' 41L
3482:September
2907:Endeavour
2900:Discovery
2773:Cancelled
1870:Completed
1553:Discovery
1460:Space.com
1393:March 29,
1267:from the
1265:Channel 4
1214:Discovery
1200:Discovery
1196:Discovery
1181:radiation
1166:gamma ray
1139:EVA 1 End
1119:Spacewalk
1109:Discovery
1068:in 1996.
1051:IMAX film
1047:Discovery
1011:angstroms
949:longitude
935:with its
933:flat spin
897:Discovery
893:telemetry
616:in 2007.
583:spacewalk
579:Discovery
570:Discovery
371:Kennedy,
251:Crew size
215:Discovery
140:1993-058A
134:COSPAR ID
117:Astronomy
88:Discovery
3665:December
3625:November
3548:Eyesat-1
3540:KITSAT-2
3433:SLDCOM-3
3398:INSAT-2B
3332:Galaxy 4
3253:, Arsene
3251:Astra 1C
3042:February
2887:disaster
2881:Columbia
2868:disaster
2855:Atlantis
2846:Orbiters
2816:STS-61-J
2811:STS-61-M
2806:STS-62-A
2801:STS-61-H
2796:STS-61-G
2791:STS-61-F
2786:STS-61-E
2781:STS-41-F
2057:STS-51-L
2052:STS-61-C
2042:STS-61-B
2037:STS-61-A
2032:STS-51-J
2027:STS-51-I
2022:STS-51-F
2017:STS-51-G
2012:STS-51-B
2007:STS-51-D
2002:STS-51-C
1992:STS-51-A
1987:STS-41-G
1982:STS-41-D
1977:STS-41-C
1972:STS-41-B
1594:STS-51-I
1589:STS-51-G
1584:STS-51-D
1579:STS-51-C
1574:STS-51-A
1569:STS-41-D
1556:(OV-103)
1502:Archived
1490:Archived
1387:Archived
1385:. NASA.
1367:July 29,
1361:"STS-51"
1339:Archived
1279:See also
1170:electron
1145:Duration
995:STS-41-B
965:Canadarm
821:Perseids
716:Landing
630:Position
123:Operator
64:STS-51-L
60:STS-51-J
56:STS-51-I
52:STS-51-G
48:STS-51-F
44:STS-51-D
40:STS-51-C
36:STS-51-B
32:STS-51-A
3570:October
3552:PoSAT-1
3544:Itamsat
3473:Temisat
3444:NOAA-13
3427:Unnamed
3421:Unnamed
3415:Unnamed
3112:UFO F-1
2992:January
2831:STS-400
2826:STS-3xx
2821:STS-144
2757:STS-135
2752:STS-134
2747:STS-133
2737:STS-132
2732:STS-131
2727:STS-130
2706:STS-129
2701:STS-128
2696:STS-127
2691:STS-125
2686:STS-119
2676:STS-126
2671:STS-124
2666:STS-123
2661:STS-122
2651:STS-120
2646:STS-118
2641:STS-117
2631:STS-116
2626:STS-115
2621:STS-121
2611:STS-114
2600:STS-107
2590:STS-113
2585:STS-112
2580:STS-111
2575:STS-110
2570:STS-109
2560:STS-108
2555:STS-105
2550:STS-104
2545:STS-100
2540:STS-102
2515:STS-106
2510:STS-101
2484:STS-103
1873:(crews)
1811:Related
1783:Retired
1759:STS-133
1754:STS-131
1749:STS-128
1744:STS-119
1739:STS-124
1734:STS-120
1729:STS-116
1724:STS-121
1719:STS-114
1714:STS-105
1709:STS-102
1699:STS-103
1174:neutron
1162:polymer
1129:– EVA 1
1035:Germany
773:Newman
762:Bursch
751:Newman
743:Readdy
713:Launch
614:STS-118
323:Kennedy
259:Members
155:SATCAT
3679:USA-98
3673:STS-61
3656:USA-97
3611:USA-96
3595:STS-58
3584:FSW-15
3536:Stella
3532:SPOT-3
3526:IRS-P1
3500:STS-51
3489:USA-95
3464:USA-94
3407:August
3384:USA-93
3347:USA-92
3342:Radcal
3301:STS-57
3257:USA-91
3199:STS-55
3189:ALEXIS
3168:STS-56
3126:SEDS-1
3122:USA-90
3049:USA-88
3015:TDRS-6
3010:STS-54
2984:1994 →
2969:← 1992
2873:report
2836:Others
2535:STS-98
2525:STS-97
2520:STS-92
2505:STS-99
2479:STS-93
2474:STS-96
2464:STS-88
2459:STS-95
2454:STS-91
2449:STS-90
2444:STS-89
2434:STS-87
2429:STS-86
2424:STS-85
2419:STS-94
2414:STS-84
2409:STS-83
2404:STS-82
2399:STS-81
2389:STS-80
2384:STS-79
2379:STS-78
2374:STS-77
2369:STS-76
2364:STS-75
2359:STS-72
2349:STS-74
2344:STS-73
2339:STS-69
2334:STS-70
2329:STS-71
2324:STS-67
2319:STS-63
2309:STS-66
2304:STS-68
2299:STS-64
2294:STS-65
2289:STS-59
2284:STS-62
2279:STS-60
2269:STS-61
2264:STS-58
2259:STS-51
2254:STS-57
2249:STS-55
2244:STS-56
2239:STS-54
2229:STS-53
2224:STS-52
2219:STS-47
2214:STS-46
2209:STS-50
2204:STS-49
2199:STS-45
2194:STS-42
2184:STS-44
2179:STS-48
2174:STS-43
2169:STS-40
2164:STS-39
2159:STS-37
2149:STS-35
2144:STS-38
2139:STS-41
2134:STS-31
2129:STS-36
2124:STS-32
2103:STS-33
2098:STS-34
2093:STS-28
2088:STS-30
2083:STS-29
2073:STS-27
2068:STS-26
1777:Status
1704:STS-92
1694:STS-96
1689:STS-95
1684:STS-91
1679:STS-85
1674:STS-82
1669:STS-70
1664:STS-63
1659:STS-64
1654:STS-60
1649:STS-51
1644:STS-56
1639:STS-53
1634:STS-42
1629:STS-48
1624:STS-39
1619:STS-41
1614:STS-31
1609:STS-33
1604:STS-29
1599:STS-26
1178:proton
1101:STS-49
1066:STS-80
999:STS-39
997:, and
905:S-Band
876:(TOS)
792:Unused
782:Unused
651:Pilot
587:STS-61
561:was a
559:STS-51
548:STS-58
542:STS-57
531:Newman
527:Readdy
519:Bursch
443:Period
437:28.45°
402:Regime
361:
327:LC-39B
72:STS-51
3145:April
3107:EKA-1
3095:March
3081:Asuka
3059:SCD-1
2743:2011
2723:2010
2717:2010s
2682:2009
2657:2008
2637:2007
2617:2006
2607:2005
2596:2003
2566:2002
2531:2001
2501:2000
2495:2000s
2470:1999
2440:1998
2395:1997
2355:1996
2315:1995
2275:1994
2235:1993
2190:1992
2155:1991
2120:1990
2114:1990s
2079:1989
2064:1988
2048:1986
1998:1985
1968:1984
1962:STS-9
1957:STS-8
1952:STS-7
1947:STS-6
1943:1983
1937:STS-5
1932:STS-4
1927:STS-3
1923:1982
1917:STS-2
1912:STS-1
1908:1981
1902:1980s
1887:1977
1881:1970s
1217:'
1203:'
1188:visor
1112:'
991:STS-7
977:stars
770:Walz
754:Walz
710:Seat
212:
162:22795
96:Names
62:, or
3505:ACTS
3360:July
3288:June
2977:1993
1441:help
1395:2008
1369:2024
1347:2009
1176:and
1091:and
1025:and
1003:DARA
870:NASA
868:for
620:Crew
563:NASA
544:(56)
529:and
523:Walz
246:Crew
127:NASA
84:IMAX
3351:PMG
3219:May
1227:on
1033:in
1015:UTC
941:Sun
901:CDT
363:UTC
313:UTC
186:157
157:no.
102:-51
3727::
3691:,
3649:,
3554:,
3550:,
3546:,
3542:,
3538:,
3534:,
3507:,
3471:,
3430:,
3424:,
3418:,
3396:,
3349:,
3325:,
3321:,
3317:,
3313:,
3309:,
3244:,
3240:,
3236:,
3232:,
3228:,
3191:,
3124:,
3074:,
3070:,
3061:,
1800:,
1458:.
1432::
1430:}}
1426:{{
1231:.
1205:s
1172:,
1168:,
993:,
788:7
778:6
767:5
759:4
748:3
740:2
732:1
525:,
521:,
517:,
325:,
58:,
54:,
50:,
46:,
42:,
38:,
34:,
3511:)
3503:(
3175:)
3171:(
3017:)
3013:(
2960:e
2953:t
2946:v
2602:†
2059:†
1855:e
1848:t
1841:v
1543:e
1536:t
1529:v
1443:)
1439:(
1422:.
1408:.
1397:.
1371:.
1349:.
967:.
254:5
66:.
20:)
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