971:(ET) – the core structural component of the entire stack. A rapid burning of liberated propellants ensued. With the structural "backbone" of the stack compromised and breaking up, the SRBs flew off on their own, as did the orbiter, which rapidly broke up due to overwhelming aerodynamic forces. The launch had been approved despite a predicted ambient temperature of 27 °F (−3 °C), well below the qualification limit of major components such as the SRBs, which had been certified for use only at temperatures above 39 °F (4 °C). Evidence found in the remnants of the crew cabin showed that several of the emergency
1872:
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975:(PEAPs) carried by the astronauts had been manually activated, suggesting that forces experienced inside the cabin during breakup of the orbiter were not inherently fatal, and that at least three crew members were alive and capable of conscious action for a period following vehicle breakup. "Tracking reported that the vehicle had exploded and impacted the water in an area approximately located at 28.64° north, 80.28° west".
1841:
445:
1585:
1549:
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1410:
36:
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pressure. PEAPs do not provide a pressurized air flow and would still have resulted in the astronauts losing consciousness within several seconds. There were media reports alleging that NASA had a tape recording of the crew panicking and on-board conversation following the explosion during the 2 minute 45 second free fall before hitting the sea east of
966:
s right Solid Rocket
Booster (SRB). The failure of these seals allowed a flamethrower-like flare to impinge upon one of two aft SRB attach struts, which eventually failed, freeing the booster to pivot about its remaining attachment points. The forward part of the booster cylinder struck the external
1282:) was observation and photography of Halley's Comet, backdropped against the U.S. flag in the insignia. Surnames of the crew members encircle the scene, with the payload specialists being recognized below. The surname of the first teacher in space, S. Christa McAuliffe, is followed by a symbolic
995:
disaster has determined the cause of death of the astronauts; it is almost certain that the explosion itself did not kill the entire crew as 3 of the 4 Personal Egress Air Packs (PEAPs) that were recovered had been manually activated. This would only be done during an emergency or loss of cabin
958:
During the ascent phase, 73 seconds after liftoff, the vehicle experienced a catastrophic structural failure resulting in the loss of crew and vehicle. The Rogers
Commission later determined the cause of the accident to have been the failure of the primary and secondary (backup) O-ring seals on
601:
was determined to have caused the shuttle to break up in flight. Space
Shuttle flights were suspended for 32 months while the O-rings and other hazards that could have destroyed the vehicle on following missions were addressed. Shuttle missions resumed in September 1988 with
1775:
990:
located what they believed to be the crew cabin on the ocean floor on March 7, 1986. A dive the following day confirmed that it was the cabin and that the remains of the crew were inside. No official investigation into the
1277:
is depicted launching from
Florida and soaring into space to carry out a variety of goals. Among the prescribed duties of the five astronauts and two payload specialists (represented by the seven stars of the
3916:
1767:
3497:
3361:
1000:. This was likely fabricated and no recording exists, as the crew may have been unconscious from loss of cabin pressure and the astronauts did not wear individual voice recorders.
638:
to involve in-flight fatalities. It was also the first
American human spaceflight mission to launch and fail to reach space; the first such mission in the world had been the
43:
launches at the start of STS-51-L. 73 seconds later, the right SRB aft strut would fail, causing the aerodynamic breakup of the orbiter and the deaths of all 7 crew on board.
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2007:
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630:) / Halley's Comet Experiment Deployable in order to observe Halley's Comet, and carry out several lessons from space as part of the
1512:
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mission, in which the two crew members had survived. Gregory Jarvis was originally scheduled to fly on the previous shuttle flight (
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3393:
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2202:
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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1609:. No. 214. Frederick, Oklahoma. United Press International. January 28, 1986. pp. 1, 5 – via Google News.
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
598:
4243:
3307:
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2105:
1993:
1824:
1804:
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1020:
Flight of "Shuttle
Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy" (SPARTAN-203)/Halley's Comet Experiment Deployable
938:
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20:
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1570:
839:
This seating assignment chart depicts what would have happened if the mission had been performed as planned.
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2016:
1932:
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326:
130:
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1964:
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for six days and performing a routine satellite deployment. The mission never achieved orbit; a
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1956:
626:), carry out the first flight of the "Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy" (
284:
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3208:
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525:
487:
259:
1861:
1014:
270:
1840:
1685:
8:
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3335:
3331:
1626:
388:
3800:
3792:
3426:
3299:
2149:
1303:
1269:
Francis R. "Dick" Scobee asked
Kennedy Space Center engineer Ernie Reyes to design the
1258:
Loss of crew and vehicle. Right SRB O-ring failure and orbiter vehicle disintegration.
650:
1916:
1722:
1504:
1434:
1283:
1043:
760:
635:
634:
and
Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP). The flight marked the first American
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220:
1985:
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984:
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732:
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210:
205:
125:
1200:
Equipment failures in orbiter closeout, cross winds at shuttle landing site.
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682:
653:
555:
479:
190:
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947:
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1039:
642:
1311:
429:
Shuttle
Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy (SPARTAN-203)
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1490:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1413:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
997:
825:
317:
February 3, 1986, 17:12:00 UTC (12:12 pm EST) (planned)
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Some Trust in
Chariots: The Space Shuttle Challenger Experience
1686:"Fact Check: Are These the Final Words of the Challenger Crew?"
1010:
623:
603:
594:
500:
308:
January 28, 1986, 16:39:13 UTC (11:39:13 am EST)
618:, STS-51-L, was scheduled to deploy the second in a series of
554:
on January 28, 1986, killed all seven crew members —Commander
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2314:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
1240:
1214:
1189:
1164:
1138:
1113:
1088:
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tank inter-tank area, leading to a structural failure of the
378:
368:
1032:
Three Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP) experiments
1782:
1574:
1465:
1391:
593:
to determine the cause of the explosion. The failure of an
521:
444:
75:
35:
3408:
255:
3329:
649:), but he was reassigned to this flight and replaced by
1038:(unofficial) Ronald E. McNair was planning to play the
1677:
2015:
1273:
seen above to represent the mission STS-51-L. In it,
550:
during its ascent phase 73 seconds after launch from
1293:
1035:
Two lessons for the Teacher in Space Project (TISP)
4234:Space accidents and incidents in the United States
1382:
1380:
1378:
4220:
1527:
1497:
1447:
820:Morgan would be selected as a NASA astronaut in
2224:
1375:
1009:Deployment of Tracking Data Relay Satellite-B (
1026:Comet Halley Active Monitoring Program (CHAMP)
932:
420:Comet Halley Active Monitoring Program (CHAMP)
19:For detailed information on the accident, see
3315:
2210:
2001:
1798:
1426:
1364:Challenger Center for Space Science Education
1232:Technical issues with fire detection system.
1559:
1595:
954:after the explosion 73 seconds after launch
3322:
3308:
2217:
2203:
2008:
1994:
1805:
1791:
451:
443:
432:Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP)
150:199,704 lb (90,584 kg) (planned)
34:
2111:(destroyed) - January 28, 1986 (STS-51-L)
1683:
1613:
1172:0 days 17 hours 54 minutes
585:Immediately after the failure, President
1646:
1433:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 204–205.
946:
834:
1778:from the original on December 25, 2022.
1684:Binkowski, Brooke (February 22, 2001).
1619:
1197:2 days 0 hours 0 minutes
552:Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B
16:Failed 1986 American crewed spaceflight
4221:
1714:
1581:from the original on December 1, 2023.
1565:
1545:from the original on December 8, 2022.
1475:from the original on November 27, 2023
1248:0 days 2 hours 1 minute
1222:1 day 0 hours 0 minutes
1146:1 day 0 hours 0 minutes
1121:1 day 0 hours 0 minutes
3303:
2198:
2166:When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions
1989:
1786:
1634:from the original on November 7, 2012
1515:from the original on October 10, 2023
1398:from the original on November 9, 2023
1003:
788:
673:
142:2,685,210 lb (1,217,990 kg)
1156:Weather at transatlantic abort site
103:Failed to achieve orbit (96 planned)
1762:from the original on July 13, 2023.
1652:
1620:Isikoff, Michael (March 10, 1986).
1535:"Rogers Commission, Vol. 4 Part. 7"
1264:
1029:Phase Partitioning Experiment (PPE)
736:Would have been second spaceflight
724:Would have been second spaceflight
710:Would have been second spaceflight
686:Would have been second spaceflight
520:was the disastrous 25th mission of
426:Phase Partitioning Experiment (PPE)
13:
1938:Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster
1696:from the original on June 11, 2023
1622:"Remains of Crew of Shuttle Found"
698:Would have been first spaceflight
620:Tracking and Data Relay Satellites
609:
87:1 minute and 13 seconds (achieved)
14:
4285:
4249:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
1746:"Rogers Commission Report on the
1738:
1665:from the original on May 31, 2023
862:Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.
828:in 2007 as a mission specialist.
764:Would have been first spaceflight
748:Would have been first spaceflight
21:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
3362:Shiyong Tongbu Tongxin Weixing 1
2088:
1870:
1839:
1715:Thomas, James A. (Gene) (2006).
1583:
1547:
1485:
1408:
1324:
1310:
1296:
856:
542:flight in addition to observing
1708:
1655:"The Fate of Challenger's Crew"
1455:"S. Christa Corrigan McAuliffe"
1023:Fluid Dynamics Experiment (FDE)
864:Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
800:Hughes Space and Communications
751:Hughes Space and Communications
435:Teacher in Space Project (TISP)
423:Fluid Dynamics Experiment (FDE)
158:48,363 lb (21,937 kg)
85:6 days and 34 minutes (planned)
1420:
774:
1:
2185:(2020 documentary miniseries)
2169:(2008 documentary miniseries)
1976:(2020 documentary miniseries)
1603:"Shuttle explodes; crew lost"
1369:
4269:20th-century rocket launches
2182:Challenger: The Final Flight
1973:Challenger: The Final Flight
1812:
1721:. Xulon Press. p. 197.
978:
582:—and destroyed the orbiter.
538:It was planned as the first
7:
4254:Spacecraft launched in 1986
3290:indicates failure missions.
2226:U.S. Space Shuttle missions
1289:
969:Space Shuttle external tank
933:Ascent failure and disaster
53:Space Transportation System
10:
4290:
2254:Approach and Landing Tests
936:
599:Solid Rocket Booster (SRB)
574:, and Payload Specialists
246:January 28, 1986, 16:38:00
18:
4204:
4143:
4052:
3961:
3893:
3829:
3770:
3719:
3640:
3570:
3516:
3467:
3354:
3286:
3207:
3134:
3079:
2857:
2476:
2264:
2243:
2232:
2118:
2097:
2086:
2027:
1925:
1879:
1868:
1846:
1837:
1820:
1388:"STS-51L Mission Profile"
1345:STS-51-L mission timeline
1175:Launch preparation delays
973:Personal Egress Air Packs
925:
917:
898:
879:
871:
855:
819:
808:
805:
796:
793:
759:
756:
743:
740:
731:
728:
719:
714:
705:
702:
693:
690:
681:
678:
654:Clarence W. "Bill" Nelson
442:
416:
411:
407:
397:
387:
383:183 mi (295 km)
377:
373:177 mi (285 km)
367:
357:
346:
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120:
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107:
99:
91:
81:
71:
63:
59:
48:
33:
4244:Space program fatalities
1933:Rogers Commission Report
1571:"Challenger Crew Report"
1241:28 Jan 1986, 11:38:00 am
1042:in space for a track on
814:Teacher in Space Project
767:Teacher in Space Project
683:Francis R. "Dick" Scobee
632:Teacher in Space Project
556:Francis R. "Dick" Scobee
540:Teacher in Space Project
528:and the final flight of
191:Francis R. "Dick" Scobee
2174:The Challenger Disaster
1965:The Challenger Disaster
1215:28 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am
1190:27 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am
1165:25 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am
1139:24 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 pm
1114:23 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 pm
1089:22 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 pm
659:
327:SLF Runway 33
95:18 mi (29 km)
4274:Rocket launch failures
4239:Space Shuttle missions
1427:Mullane, Mike (2006).
955:
797:L. William Butterworth
614:The tenth mission for
597:seal on the starboard
562:, Mission Specialists
449:STS-51-L mission patch
285:Rockwell International
1359:Space Shuttle program
950:
835:Crew seat assignments
806:Payload Specialist 2
794:Payload Specialist 1
757:Payload Specialist 1
741:Payload Specialist 2
729:Mission Specialist 3
703:Mission Specialist 1
526:Space Shuttle program
488:Space Shuttle program
347:Reference system
116:Spacecraft properties
3906:Fanhui Shi Weixing 9
3338:Orbital launches in
1862:Timeline of STS-51-L
1394:. December 5, 2005.
1015:Inertial Upper Stage
761:S. Christa McAuliffe
715:Mission Specialist 2
580:S. Christa McAuliffe
258:(11:38 am
221:S. Christa McAuliffe
67:Satellite deployment
4264:January 1986 events
4229:1986 in spaceflight
1772:Gunter's Space Page
1627:The Washington Post
780:
665:
30:
2153:(1985 documentary)
2150:The Dream Is Alive
1653:Harwood, William.
1304:Spaceflight portal
1124:Delays in STS-61-C
1099:Delays in STS-61-C
1004:Mission objectives
956:
779:
707:Ellison S. Onizuka
664:
564:Ellison S. Onizuka
548:structural failure
342:Orbital parameters
250:1986-01-28UTC16:38
201:Ellison S. Onizuka
92:Distance travelled
28:
4216:
4215:
3297:
3296:
3130:
3129:
2192:
2191:
2126:Rogers Commission
2104:Out of service -
1983:
1982:
1917:Christa McAuliffe
1659:Space-Shuttle.com
1569:(July 28, 1986).
1567:Kerwin, Joseph P.
1539:Rogers Commission
1462:Biographical Data
1440:978-0-7432-7682-5
1262:
1261:
1044:Jean-Michel Jarre
930:
929:
832:
831:
810:Barbara R. Morgan
772:
771:
745:Gregory B. Jarvis
591:Rogers Commission
576:Gregory B. Jarvis
515:
514:
216:Gregory B. Jarvis
4281:
3631:Intelsat VA F-14
3343:
3342:
3341:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3301:
3300:
2241:
2240:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2092:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1892:Michael J. Smith
1874:
1843:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1763:
1761:
1755:. June 6, 1986.
1754:
1733:
1732:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
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1599:
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1563:
1557:
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1546:
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1522:
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1501:
1495:
1489:
1488:
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1480:
1474:
1459:
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1445:
1444:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1384:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1265:Mission insignia
1242:
1216:
1191:
1166:
1140:
1115:
1090:
1056:
1055:
983:Divers from the
965:
860:
842:
841:
781:
778:
733:Ronald E. McNair
721:Judith A. Resnik
717:Flight Engineer
695:Michael J. Smith
666:
663:
572:Ronald E. McNair
568:Judith A. Resnik
560:Michael J. Smith
455:
447:
369:Perigee altitude
351:Geocentric orbit
253:
251:
238:Start of mission
211:Ronald E. McNair
206:Judith A. Resnik
196:Michael J. Smith
128:
100:Orbits completed
82:Mission duration
38:
31:
27:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4259:1986 in Florida
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4200:
4196:Molniya-1 No.62
4139:
4048:
3994:Gorizont No.22L
3989:Molniya-1 No.60
3957:
3928:Molniya-3 No.41
3889:
3847:Molniya-1 No.57
3825:
3766:
3762:Molniya-1 No.59
3715:
3711:Molniya-3 No.44
3686:Gorizont No.24L
3636:
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3557:Molniya-3 No.43
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2014:
1984:
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1902:Ellison Onizuka
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636:orbital mission
612:
610:Planned mission
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379:Apogee altitude
362:Low Earth orbit
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4209:Crewed flights
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3615:Meteor-2 No.18
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2017:Space Shuttle
2013:
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1912:Gregory Jarvis
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1739:External links
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1468:. April 2007.
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1430:Riding Rockets
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1350:Space Shuttle
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4043:Mech-K No.303
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3255:investigation
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1768:"Sparton 203"
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1049:"Rendez-Vous"
1045:
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1017:(IUS) booster
1016:
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589:convened the
588:
587:Ronald Reagan
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126:Space Shuttle
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26:
22:
4208:
4125:Gran' No.29L
4097:
4041:
3943:Gran' No.30L
3915:
3629:
3610:Ekran No.30L
3577:
3549:
3545:KH-9 No.1220
3543:
3508:Brasilsat A2
3496:
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3455:
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2079:
2018:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1855:
1826:
1813:
1771:
1747:
1717:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1689:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1658:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
1607:Daily Leader
1606:
1597:
1561:
1529:
1519:February 26,
1517:. Retrieved
1508:
1499:
1477:. Retrieved
1461:
1449:
1429:
1422:
1400:. Retrieved
1351:
1318:1980s portal
1274:
1268:
1048:
992:
986:
982:
960:
957:
951:
940:
838:
824:and flew on
615:
613:
584:
537:
531:
517:
516:
322:Landing site
314:Landing date
155:Payload mass
147:Landing mass
131:
64:Mission type
40:
25:
4191:Kosmos 1810
4186:Kosmos 1809
4181:Kosmos 1808
4176:Kosmos 1807
4171:Kosmos 1806
4166:Kosmos 1805
4156:Kosmos 1804
4151:Kosmos 1803
4135:Kosmos 1728
4130:Kosmos 1727
4120:Kosmos 1726
4115:Kosmos 1725
4110:Kosmos 1724
4093:Kosmos 1723
4089:Kosmos 1722
4085:Kosmos 1721
4081:Kosmos 1720
4077:Kosmos 1719
4073:Kosmos 1718
4069:Kosmos 1717
4065:Kosmos 1716
4060:Kosmos 1715
4037:Kosmos 1802
4032:Kosmos 1801
4028:Kosmos 1800
4024:Kosmos 1799
4020:Kosmos 1798
4016:Kosmos 1797
4012:Kosmos 1796
4008:Kosmos 1795
4004:Kosmos 1794
3999:Kosmos 1793
3979:Kosmos 1792
3974:Kosmos 1791
3969:Kosmos 1790
3953:Kosmos 1789
3948:Kosmos 1788
3938:Kosmos 1787
3933:Kosmos 1786
3923:Kosmos 1785
3911:Kosmos 1784
3901:Kosmos 1783
3885:Kosmos 1782
3875:Kosmos 1781
3870:Kosmos 1780
3866:Kosmos 1779
3862:Kosmos 1778
3857:Kosmos 1777
3842:Kosmos 1776
3837:Kosmos 1775
3821:Kosmos 1774
3816:Kosmos 1773
3811:Kosmos 1772
3806:Kosmos 1771
3788:Kosmos 1770
3783:Kosmos 1769
3778:Kosmos 1768
3757:Kosmos 1767
3752:Kosmos 1766
3747:Kosmos 1765
3742:Kosmos 1764
3737:Kosmos 1763
3732:Kosmos 1762
3727:Kosmos 1761
3706:Kosmos 1760
3701:Kosmos 1759
3696:Kosmos 1758
3691:Kosmos 1757
3681:Kosmos 1756
3676:Kosmos 1755
3672:Kosmos 1754
3668:Kosmos 1753
3664:Kosmos 1752
3660:Kosmos 1751
3656:Kosmos 1750
3652:Kosmos 1749
3648:Kosmos 1748
3625:Kosmos 1747
3620:Kosmos 1746
3605:Kosmos 1745
3600:Kosmos 1744
3590:Kosmos 1743
3585:Kosmos 1742
3562:Progress 26
3539:Kosmos 1741
3534:Kosmos 1740
3529:Kosmos 1739
3524:Kosmos 1738
3492:Kosmos 1737
3487:Kosmos 1736
3482:Progress 25
3457:SPARTAN-203
3437:Kosmos 1735
3432:Kosmos 1734
3418:Kosmos 1733
3399:Kosmos 1732
3377:Kosmos 1731
3372:Kosmos 1730
3367:Kosmos 1729
2177:(2013 film)
2161:(1990 film)
1968:(2013 film)
1960:(1990 film)
1887:Dick Scobee
1700:December 1,
1479:January 27,
1402:December 1,
1118:Rescheduled
1093:Rescheduled
775:Backup crew
651:Congressman
628:SPARTAN-203
505:Cancelled:
474:Front row:
412:Instruments
389:Inclination
267:Launch site
243:Launch date
139:Launch mass
4223:Categories
3984:Polar Bear
3595:Soyuz TM-1
3551:Pearl Ruby
3476:Soyuz T-15
3277:Enterprise
3225:Challenger
2158:Challenger
2142:Challenger
2107:Challenger
2019:Challenger
1957:Challenger
1949:Challenger
1856:Challenger
1827:Challenger
1748:Challenger
1690:Snopes.com
1509:Spacefacts
1370:References
1275:Challenger
1068:Turnaround
1013:) with an
993:Challenger
961:Challenger
952:Challenger
941:Challenger
926:McAuliffe
853:(planned)
789:Astronaut
679:Commander
674:Astronaut
616:Challenger
532:Challenger
457:Back row:
281:Contractor
132:Challenger
121:Spacecraft
41:Challenger
4104:Satcom K1
3894:September
3270:Endeavour
3263:Discovery
3136:Cancelled
2233:Completed
1750:accident"
1505:"STS-51L"
1280:U.S. flag
1251:Technical
1225:Technical
1046:'s album
1040:saxophone
987:Preserver
985:USS
979:Crew fate
643:Soyuz 18a
463:McAuliffe
353:(planned)
329:(planned)
325:Kennedy,
304:Destroyed
176:Crew size
4144:December
4099:STS-61-C
4053:November
3468:February
3444:STS-51-L
3250:disaster
3244:Columbia
3231:disaster
3218:Atlantis
3209:Orbiters
3179:STS-61-J
3174:STS-61-M
3169:STS-62-A
3164:STS-61-H
3159:STS-61-G
3154:STS-61-F
3149:STS-61-E
3144:STS-41-F
2420:STS-51-L
2415:STS-61-C
2405:STS-61-B
2400:STS-61-A
2395:STS-51-J
2390:STS-51-I
2385:STS-51-F
2380:STS-51-G
2375:STS-51-B
2370:STS-51-D
2365:STS-51-C
2355:STS-51-A
2350:STS-41-G
2345:STS-41-D
2340:STS-41-C
2335:STS-41-B
2136:STS-61-M
2131:STS-61-F
2109:disaster
2080:STS-51-L
2075:STS-61-A
2070:STS-51-F
2065:STS-51-B
2060:STS-41-G
2055:STS-41-C
2050:STS-41-B
2022:(OV-099)
1926:See also
1829:disaster
1814:STS-51-L
1776:Archived
1757:Archived
1694:Archived
1669:July 24,
1663:Archived
1638:March 5,
1632:Archived
1579:Archived
1543:Archived
1513:Archived
1470:Archived
1396:Archived
1354:disaster
1352:Columbia
1340:Apollo 1
1290:See also
1194:Scrubbed
1169:Scrubbed
1143:Scrubbed
943:disaster
910:Onizuka
888:Onizuka
785:Position
670:Position
647:STS-61-C
558:, Pilot
518:STS-51-L
507:STS-61-E
495:STS-61-C
72:Operator
29:STS-51-L
3962:October
3917:Unnamed
3880:NOAA-10
3797:Fuji 1a
3504:GStar-2
3498:Unnamed
3404:Yuri 2b
3355:January
3194:STS-400
3189:STS-3xx
3184:STS-144
3120:STS-135
3115:STS-134
3110:STS-133
3100:STS-132
3095:STS-131
3090:STS-130
3069:STS-129
3064:STS-128
3059:STS-127
3054:STS-125
3049:STS-119
3039:STS-126
3034:STS-124
3029:STS-123
3024:STS-122
3014:STS-120
3009:STS-118
3004:STS-117
2994:STS-116
2989:STS-115
2984:STS-121
2974:STS-114
2963:STS-107
2953:STS-113
2948:STS-112
2943:STS-111
2938:STS-110
2933:STS-109
2923:STS-108
2918:STS-105
2913:STS-104
2908:STS-100
2903:STS-102
2878:STS-106
2873:STS-101
2847:STS-103
2236:(crews)
2119:Related
2028:Flights
1245:Failure
1219:Delayed
1149:Weather
1062:Planned
1059:Attempt
998:Florida
918:Jarvis
907:McNair
899:Resnik
891:McNair
872:Scobee
851:Landing
848:Launch
826:STS-118
459:Onizuka
271:Kennedy
248: (
184:Members
4161:USA-20
3852:USA-19
3830:August
3801:Jindai
3793:Ajisai
3579:GOES-G
3451:TDRS-B
3427:Viking
3423:SPOT-1
3394:USA-18
3390:USA-17
3386:USA-16
3382:USA-15
3347:1987 →
3332:← 1985
3236:report
3199:Others
2898:STS-98
2888:STS-97
2883:STS-92
2868:STS-99
2842:STS-93
2837:STS-96
2827:STS-88
2822:STS-95
2817:STS-91
2812:STS-90
2807:STS-89
2797:STS-87
2792:STS-86
2787:STS-85
2782:STS-94
2777:STS-84
2772:STS-83
2767:STS-82
2762:STS-81
2752:STS-80
2747:STS-79
2742:STS-78
2737:STS-77
2732:STS-76
2727:STS-75
2722:STS-72
2712:STS-74
2707:STS-73
2702:STS-69
2697:STS-70
2692:STS-71
2687:STS-67
2682:STS-63
2672:STS-66
2667:STS-68
2662:STS-64
2657:STS-65
2652:STS-59
2647:STS-62
2642:STS-60
2632:STS-61
2627:STS-58
2622:STS-51
2617:STS-57
2612:STS-55
2607:STS-56
2602:STS-54
2592:STS-53
2587:STS-52
2582:STS-47
2577:STS-46
2572:STS-50
2567:STS-49
2562:STS-45
2557:STS-42
2547:STS-44
2542:STS-48
2537:STS-43
2532:STS-40
2527:STS-39
2522:STS-37
2512:STS-35
2507:STS-38
2502:STS-41
2497:STS-31
2492:STS-36
2487:STS-32
2466:STS-33
2461:STS-34
2456:STS-28
2451:STS-30
2446:STS-29
2436:STS-27
2431:STS-26
2098:Status
1943:TDRS-B
1725:
1437:
1080:Notes
1071:Reason
1065:Result
1011:TDRS-B
880:Smith
691:Pilot
640:Soviet
624:TDRS-B
604:STS-26
595:O-ring
501:STS-26
484:McNair
480:Scobee
471:Resnik
467:Jarvis
399:Period
393:28.45°
358:Regime
275:LC-39B
254:
3571:April
3517:March
3106:2011
3086:2010
3080:2010s
3045:2009
3020:2008
3000:2007
2980:2006
2970:2005
2959:2003
2929:2002
2894:2001
2864:2000
2858:2000s
2833:1999
2803:1998
2758:1997
2718:1996
2678:1995
2638:1994
2598:1993
2553:1992
2518:1991
2483:1990
2477:1990s
2442:1989
2427:1988
2411:1986
2361:1985
2331:1984
2325:STS-9
2320:STS-8
2315:STS-7
2310:STS-6
2306:1983
2300:STS-5
2295:STS-4
2290:STS-3
2286:1982
2280:STS-2
2275:STS-1
2271:1981
2265:1980s
2250:1977
2244:1970s
2045:STS-8
2040:STS-7
2035:STS-6
1760:(PDF)
1753:(PDF)
1473:(PDF)
1458:(PDF)
1284:apple
964:'
845:Seat
476:Smith
129:
49:Names
3771:July
3720:June
3413:Core
3340:1986
2144:flag
1951:flag
1880:Crew
1723:ISBN
1702:2023
1671:2011
1640:2009
1575:NASA
1521:2014
1481:2022
1466:NASA
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