4487:
243:. Respectively, these enzymes oxidise monoamines (including catecholamines) and methylate the hydroxyl groups of the phenyl moiety of catecholamines. These enzymes can be targeted pharmacologically. Inhibitors of these enzymes act as indirect agonists of adrenergic receptors as they prolong the action of catecholamines at the receptors.
259:
A great number of drugs are available which can affect adrenergic receptors. Other drugs affect the uptake and storage mechanisms of adrenergic catecholamines, prolonging their action. The following headings provide some useful examples to illustrate the various ways in which drugs can enhance the
231:
Two uptake mechanisms exist for terminating the action of adrenergic catecholamines - uptake 1 and uptake 2. Uptake 1 occurs at the presynaptic nerve terminal to remove the neurotransmitter from the synapse. Uptake 2 occurs at postsynaptic and peripheral cells to prevent the neurotransmitter from
185:. The receptors are classed physiologically, though pharmacological selectivity for receptor subtypes exists and is important in the clinical application of adrenergic agonists (and, indeed, antagonists).
117:
Directly acting adrenergic agonists act on adrenergic receptors. All adrenergic receptors are G-protein coupled, activating signal transduction pathways. The G-protein receptor can affect the function of
4109:
62:, although there are more subtypes, and agonists vary in specificity between these receptors, and may be classified respectively. However, there are also other mechanisms of adrenergic agonism.
4102:
4095:
1757:
577:
458:. The most common mechanisms of action includes competitive and non-competitive reuptake inhibition and releasing agents. Examples include methylphenidate,
251:
In general, a primary or secondary aliphatic amine separated by 2 carbons from a substituted benzene ring is minimally required for high agonist activity.
1834:
2699:
2679:
1371:
126:, an agonist of the receptor will upregulate the effects on the downstream pathway (it will not necessarily upregulate the pathway itself).
1750:
669:
17:
3407:
2734:
1987:
4065:
1123:
632:
1743:
4047:
4038:
4512:
4441:
4029:
95:. Alternatively, it may refer to something which is susceptible to epinephrine, or similar substances, such as a biological
1458:
4056:
1364:
1276:
1220:
929:
581:
268:
These drugs act directly on one or more adrenergic receptors. According to receptor selectivity they are two types:
4458:
1113:
662:
228:
Indirectly acting adrenergic agonists affect the uptake and storage mechanisms involved in adrenergic signalling.
1295:
1209:
4074:
1281:
220:), thus increasing the activity of PKA. Agonists of each class of receptor elicit these downstream responses.
3065:
1357:
1103:
757:
751:
240:
351:
drugs which act on a single receptor only; these are further classified into α selective & β selective.
4020:
1270:
1042:
4358:
4254:
4087:
2899:
2449:
2189:
1777:
1185:
958:
655:
4477:
2354:
1496:
1024:
863:
850:
821:
766:
4507:
1665:
1320:
837:
2372:
1214:
1160:
1145:
1117:
898:
893:
884:
641:
527:
522:
129:
The receptors are broadly grouped into α and β receptors. There are two subclasses of α-receptor, α
3020:
4446:
1315:
1286:
1254:
1084:
889:
845:
796:
727:
463:
96:
4233:
2785:
2477:
2467:
2038:
1795:
1605:
1196:
1002:
637:
2984:
2760:
2403:
1327:
1171:
904:
791:
173:
class, giving rise to the somewhat confusing nomenclature. The β receptors are divided into β
92:
3643:
1381:
1332:
1176:
1029:
982:
467:
39:
8:
3322:
3188:
2664:
2570:
1967:
1873:
1766:
1394:
953:
741:
517:
112:
100:
4417:
1769:
1490:
1482:
1449:
1180:
1149:
776:
1349:
4118:
3753:
3728:
3648:
2526:
2276:
2141:
1644:
1611:
1559:
1504:
1477:
1249:
1154:
977:
770:
236:
119:
4407:
4268:
3723:
3287:
3130:
2929:
2507:
2269:
2259:
1820:
1706:
1626:
1239:
1033:
948:
702:
213:
201:
4491:
2521:
1829:
1735:
1167:
1079:
917:
912:
782:
746:
736:
719:
484:
450:
These are agents that increase neurotransmission in endogenous chemicals, namely
394:
123:
4122:
1385:
235:
There is also enzymatic degradation of the catecholamines by two main enzymes —
4452:
4362:
3633:
3302:
3267:
2988:
2744:
2654:
2407:
2272:
1992:
1947:
1691:
1621:
859:
714:
697:
455:
67:
4501:
4344:
4339:
4186:
3783:
3623:
3307:
3251:
3208:
2869:
2793:
2659:
2598:
2487:
2376:
2288:
2042:
1962:
1957:
1901:
1888:
1723:
1631:
1601:
1095:
994:
986:
969:
908:
371:
359:
284:
193:
74:
and broad-spectrum. More selective agonists are more useful in pharmacology.
4412:
4212:
4176:
4136:
3808:
3793:
3738:
3233:
3055:
3000:
2992:
2964:
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2809:
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2264:
2133:
2109:
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1417:
1074:
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923:
678:
302:
4117:
4391:
4376:
4329:
4243:
4217:
4166:
4161:
4131:
3933:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3788:
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3748:
3733:
3698:
3683:
3663:
3658:
3628:
3608:
3583:
3568:
3513:
3458:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3337:
3332:
3238:
3223:
3193:
3183:
3168:
3139:
3110:
2954:
2944:
2919:
2909:
2874:
2817:
2780:
2709:
2704:
2684:
2649:
2585:
2560:
2550:
2531:
2492:
2362:
2239:
2234:
2194:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2119:
2114:
2089:
2064:
2058:
2023:
1982:
1977:
1942:
1927:
1922:
1868:
1858:
1839:
1800:
1718:
1472:
1422:
1231:
1204:
1137:
830:
710:
459:
451:
424:
390:
363:
88:
63:
4422:
4308:
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4276:
4249:
4207:
4202:
4181:
3998:
3988:
3978:
3963:
3958:
3943:
3923:
3918:
3893:
3888:
3873:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3813:
3803:
3798:
3768:
3758:
3718:
3708:
3688:
3638:
3618:
3598:
3593:
3573:
3558:
3553:
3543:
3523:
3518:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3478:
3463:
3453:
3433:
3412:
3397:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3347:
3342:
3327:
3312:
3297:
3292:
3282:
3272:
3228:
3213:
3203:
3178:
3173:
3154:
3144:
3125:
3120:
3100:
3095:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3035:
2979:
2969:
2959:
2949:
2889:
2879:
2859:
2854:
2839:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2775:
2770:
2719:
2714:
2694:
2689:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2580:
2565:
2555:
2516:
2502:
2398:
2388:
2349:
2344:
2334:
2329:
2319:
2304:
2280:
2254:
2244:
2229:
2224:
2214:
2209:
2179:
2164:
2137:
2099:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2054:
2050:
2013:
1972:
1952:
1932:
1917:
1883:
1863:
1815:
1810:
1649:
1583:
1522:
1510:
1467:
1057:
872:
436:
432:
428:
420:
409:
398:
382:
278:
84:
71:
35:
4427:
4386:
4381:
4334:
4324:
4303:
4238:
4171:
3993:
3983:
3968:
3948:
3938:
3913:
3883:
3863:
3858:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3778:
3773:
3743:
3713:
3703:
3668:
3653:
3613:
3603:
3588:
3578:
3563:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3493:
3488:
3468:
3438:
3402:
3357:
3352:
3317:
3277:
3218:
3198:
3159:
3105:
3090:
3075:
3045:
3006:
2974:
2939:
2934:
2904:
2849:
2831:
2827:
2797:
2789:
2729:
2669:
2639:
2614:
2575:
2541:
2497:
2435:
2366:
2358:
2339:
2324:
2314:
2309:
2294:
2284:
2249:
2219:
2204:
2199:
2184:
2174:
2153:
2124:
2104:
2093:
2046:
2033:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1937:
1878:
1849:
1805:
1701:
1684:
1654:
1616:
1578:
1538:
1515:
1438:
1402:
1066:
1016:
647:
496:
479:
386:
367:
87:, or other substance, which has effects similar to, or the same as,
4371:
4292:
3878:
3868:
3818:
3693:
3678:
3673:
3483:
3448:
3443:
3417:
3392:
3259:
3149:
3115:
2996:
2894:
2884:
2864:
2835:
2821:
2765:
2739:
2724:
2606:
2536:
2425:
2415:
2299:
2145:
2129:
2073:
1909:
1844:
1711:
1696:
1636:
1589:
1549:
1544:
1412:
1407:
1107:
320:
3973:
3953:
3928:
3823:
3548:
3473:
2914:
2482:
2430:
2384:
731:
3243:
2590:
2472:
1893:
1595:
1244:
813:
693:
505:
500:
27:
Drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors
2674:
42:. The five main categories of adrenergic receptors are: α
1379:
4475:
578:"Medicinal Chemistry of Adrenergics and Cholinergics"
216:(PKA); β receptors activate adenylate cyclase (via G
1765:
1459:
246:
4499:
619:Lippincott's Pharmacology 5th edition page 69-85
275:drugs act on one or more receptors; these are:
610:Katzung Pharmacology 12th edition page 131-133
4103:
1751:
1365:
663:
633:Virtual Chembook article on adrenergic drugs
601:Laurence Pharmacology 9th edition, page 450
490:
4110:
4096:
1758:
1744:
1675:
1569:
1529:
1429:
1372:
1358:
670:
656:
208:receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase (via G
871:
640:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
169:, due to its greater homology with the α
14:
4500:
677:
547:Siegel, George J; et al. (2006).
546:
4091:
1739:
1353:
651:
223:
561:
91:(adrenaline). Thus, it is a kind of
38:that stimulates a response from the
137:which are further subdivided into α
24:
1277:Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
1221:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
445:
281:(almost all adrenergic receptors).
165:receptor has been reclassed from α
25:
4524:
1168:Acetylcholine receptor antagonist
930:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
626:
260:effects of adrenergic receptors.
4485:
1632:Hydromorphone (extended-release)
562:Rang, H.P.; et al. (2003).
263:
4066:Monoamine metabolism modulators
1296:Vasopressin receptor antagonist
1210:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
473:
247:Structure–activity relationship
4121:excluding cardiac glycosides (
1282:Endothelin receptor antagonist
1146:Acetylcholine receptor agonist
905:Adrenergic receptor antagonist
613:
604:
595:
570:
555:
540:
212:), decreasing the activity of
200:), increasing the activity of
188:From an overall perspective, α
13:
1:
4048:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
4021:Receptor/signaling modulators
1114:Glutamate receptor antagonist
1030:Serotonin receptor antagonist
983:Histamine receptor antagonist
758:Negative allosteric modulator
752:Positive allosteric modulator
533:
254:
241:catechol-o-methyl transferase
4513:Adrenergic receptor agonists
4359:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
1271:Adenosine reuptake inhibitor
1205:Cannabinoid receptor agonist
1124:Glutamate reuptake inhibitor
1043:Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
954:Dopamine receptor antagonist
464:amphetamine based stimulants
106:
7:
3131:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
2508:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
2355:Tetracyclic antidepressants
1821:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
1637:Morphine (extended-release)
959:Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
881:Adrenergic receptor agonist
511:
18:Adrenergic receptor agonist
10:
4529:
4057:Monoamine releasing agents
1680:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1574:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1534:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1434:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1250:Opioid receptor antagonist
1104:Glutamate receptor agonist
1025:Serotonin receptor agonist
978:Histamine receptor agonist
110:
4436:
4400:
4357:
4317:
4285:
4267:
4226:
4195:
4154:
4145:
4130:
4011:
3426:
3028:
3019:
2753:
2460:
2448:
2373:Tricyclic antidepressants
2001:
1788:
1776:
1666:Benzodiazepine dependence
1664:
1558:
1448:
1393:
1308:
1263:
1230:
1195:
1136:
1094:
1065:
1056:
1015:
968:
949:Dopamine receptor agonist
939:
858:
844:
829:
812:
805:
685:
4401:Other cardiac stimulants
1215:Endocannabinoid enhancer
1161:Cholinesterase inhibitor
1080:GABA receptor antagonist
642:Medical Subject Headings
566:. Churchill Livingstone.
528:List of adrenergic drugs
523:Alpha adrenergic agonist
491:Precursores/Pró-farmacos
2786:Atypical antipsychotics
2039:Atypical antipsychotics
1255:Enkephalinase inhibitor
1245:Opioid receptor agonist
1085:GABA reuptake inhibitor
790:♦ Miscellaneous:
549:Basic Neurochemistry 7e
4234:Amezinium metilsulfate
2985:Typical antipsychotics
2468:(R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline
2404:Typical antipsychotics
838:Ion channel modulators
4075:Monoamine neurotoxins
1075:GABA receptor agonist
232:diffusing laterally.
111:Further information:
93:sympathomimetic agent
3644:Dichloroisoprenaline
468:4-hydroxyamphetamine
462:, cocaine, and some
421:salbutamol/albuterol
101:adrenergic receptors
40:adrenergic receptors
4147:Adrenergic agonists
3323:Phenylpropanolamine
3189:Ethylnorepinephrine
2665:Phenylpropanolamine
2571:Ethylnorepinephrine
1968:Phenylpropanolamine
1874:Ethylnorepinephrine
1767:Adrenergic receptor
1491:General anesthetics
1395:Nicotine dependence
1291:receptor antagonist
638:adrenergic+agonists
518:Adrenergic receptor
192:receptors activate
113:Adrenergic receptor
99:(specifically, the
4463:Never to phase III
4418:Omecamtiv mecarbil
4119:Cardiac stimulants
1645:Opioid antagonists
1505:Opioid antagonists
1483:Hydrogen cyanamide
1450:Alcohol dependence
679:Pharmacomodulation
224:Uptake and storage
32:adrenergic agonist
4473:
4472:
4353:
4352:
4318:Unknown/ungrouped
4269:Dopamine agonists
4263:
4262:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4069:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4024:
4007:
4006:
3754:Iodocyanopindolol
3729:Hydroxytertatolol
3649:Dihydroalprenolol
3262:
3254:
3246:
3163:
3015:
3014:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2545:
2527:Dihydroergotamine
2444:
2443:
2277:hydroxynefazodone
2142:dihydroergotamine
1912:
1904:
1896:
1853:
1733:
1732:
1612:Levacetylmethadol
1560:Opioid dependence
1478:Calcium carbimide
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1304:
1303:
1132:
1131:
1052:
1051:
822:Enzyme inhibition
237:monoamine oxidase
120:adenylate cyclase
16:(Redirected from
4520:
4508:Endocrine system
4490:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4408:Angiotensinamide
4152:
4151:
4143:
4142:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4072:
4063:
4054:
4045:
4036:
4027:
4015:
3724:Hydroxycarteolol
3288:Methoxyphenamine
3260:
3252:
3247:-DOPA (levodopa)
3244:
3161:
3135:-methyldopamine)
3026:
3025:
2930:Phenoxybenzamine
2607:
2599:
2594:-DOPA (levodopa)
2591:
2543:
2512:-methyldopamine)
2458:
2457:
2270:Phenylpiperazine
2260:Phenoxybenzamine
1910:
1902:
1897:-DOPA (levodopa)
1894:
1851:
1835:Dexisometheptene
1825:-methyldopamine)
1786:
1785:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1707:Chlordiazepoxide
1681:
1677:
1627:Dihydroetorphine
1575:
1571:
1535:
1531:
1461:
1435:
1431:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1321:Enzyme cofactors
1240:Opioid modulator
1197:Cannabinoidergic
1063:
1062:
869:
868:
856:
855:
810:
809:
672:
665:
658:
649:
648:
620:
617:
611:
608:
602:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
580:. Archived from
574:
568:
567:
559:
553:
552:
544:
214:protein kinase A
202:protein kinase C
21:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4476:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4453:Clinical trials
4432:
4396:
4349:
4313:
4281:
4259:
4222:
4191:
4135:
4126:
4116:
4086:
4081:
4003:
3422:
3011:
2749:
2522:Dexmedetomidine
2453:
2440:
2273:antidepressants
1997:
1830:Desglymidodrine
1781:
1772:
1764:
1734:
1729:
1692:Benzodiazepines
1679:
1660:
1573:
1554:
1533:
1444:
1433:
1389:
1382:drug dependence
1378:
1348:
1339:
1300:
1290:
1259:
1226:
1191:
1128:
1090:
1048:
1037:
1011:
1006:
998:
990:
964:
935:
849:
840:
825:
801:
747:Inverse agonist
737:Partial agonist
681:
676:
629:
624:
623:
618:
614:
609:
605:
600:
596:
587:
585:
576:
575:
571:
560:
556:
545:
541:
536:
514:
493:
485:Pseudoephedrine
476:
448:
446:Indirect action
418:
407:
395:dexmedetomidine
380:
357:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
316:
312:
308:
298:
294:
290:
266:
257:
249:
226:
219:
211:
207:
199:
191:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:phospholipase C
115:
109:
81:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4526:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4495:
4494:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4255:Norepinephrine
4252:
4247:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4149:
4140:
4128:
4127:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4092:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4043:
4034:
4025:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:Dexpropranolol
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3303:Norepinephrine
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3268:Levosalbutamol
3265:
3257:
3255:-Phenylalanine
3249:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2989:chlorpromazine
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2825:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2745:Xylometazoline
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2655:Norepinephrine
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2604:
2602:-Phenylalanine
2596:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2408:chlorpromazine
2401:
2396:
2370:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2067:
2062:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1993:Xylometazoline
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1948:Norepinephrine
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1907:
1905:-Phenylalanine
1899:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1688:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Dihydrocodeine
1619:
1614:
1609:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1454:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1111:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
980:
974:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
956:
951:
945:
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
927:
921:
915:
902:
896:
887:
877:
875:
866:
853:
842:
841:
835:
833:
827:
826:
818:
816:
807:
803:
802:
800:
799:
794:
787:
786:
780:
774:
762:
761:
755:
749:
744:
739:
734:
723:
722:
717:
706:
705:
700:
689:
687:
683:
682:
675:
674:
667:
660:
652:
646:
645:
635:
628:
627:External links
625:
622:
621:
612:
603:
594:
569:
554:
538:
537:
535:
532:
531:
530:
525:
520:
513:
510:
509:
508:
503:
492:
489:
488:
487:
482:
475:
472:
456:norepinephrine
447:
444:
443:
442:
441:
440:
439:, clenbuterol.
416:
413:
405:
402:
378:
375:
355:
346:
345:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
318:
314:
310:
306:
300:
296:
292:
288:
282:
273:Non-selective:
265:
262:
256:
253:
248:
245:
225:
222:
217:
209:
205:
197:
189:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
108:
105:
79:
68:norepinephrine
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4525:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4345:Theodrenaline
4343:
4341:
4340:Mephentermine
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4187:Phenylephrine
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:Serotonergics
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:Dopaminergics
4026:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:Levobetaxolol
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:Cyanopindolol
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:Orciprenaline
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Hexoprenaline
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Esmirtazapine
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2794:brexpiprazole
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:Oxymetazoline
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Apraclonidine
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2447:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2377:amitriptyline
2374:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:triazoledione
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:Beta blockers
2068:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2043:brexpiprazole
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:Phenylephrine
1961:
1959:
1958:Oxymetazoline
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1889:Isometheptene
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1725:
1724:Phenobarbital
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:Buprenorphine
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:Nitrous oxide
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1380:Treatment of
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:Miscellaneous
1307:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1096:Glutamatergic
1093:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1001:
999:
993:
991:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
973:
971:
970:Histaminergic
967:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:
938:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
914:
910:
906:
903:
900:
897:
895:
891:
888:
886:
882:
879:
878:
876:
874:
870:
867:
865:
861:
857:
854:
852:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
823:
817:
815:
811:
808:
804:
798:
795:
793:
789:
788:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
768:
764:
763:
759:
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
729:
725:
724:
721:
718:
716:
712:
708:
707:
704:
701:
699:
695:
691:
690:
688:
684:
680:
673:
668:
666:
661:
659:
654:
653:
650:
643:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
616:
607:
598:
584:on 2010-11-04
583:
579:
573:
565:
558:
550:
543:
539:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
507:
504:
502:
498:
495:
494:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
414:
411:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
376:
373:
372:oxymetazoline
369:
365:
361:
360:phenylephrine
353:
352:
350:
347:
322:
319:
304:
301:
286:
285:Noradrenaline
283:
280:
277:
276:
274:
271:
270:
269:
264:Direct action
261:
252:
244:
242:
238:
233:
229:
221:
215:
203:
195:
194:phospholipase
186:
127:
125:
121:
114:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
75:
73:
69:
65:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4413:Levosimendan
4213:Isoprenaline
4177:Norfenefrine
4146:
4137:dopaminergic
4073:
4064:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4028:
4017:
4016:
3809:Metipranolol
3794:Levomoprolol
3739:Idropranolol
3234:Isoprenaline
3132:
3056:Arformoterol
3001:thioridazine
2993:fluphenazine
2965:Spiroxatrine
2925:Phentolamine
2844:tandospirone
2810:paliperidone
2700:Tasipimidine
2680:Rezatomidine
2625:Medetomidine
2509:
2420:thioridazine
2412:fluphenazine
2393:trimipramine
2381:clomipramine
2265:Phentolamine
2134:acetergamine
2110:Corynanthine
1822:
1719:Barbiturates
1717:
1690:
1674:
1673:
1643:
1594:
1568:
1567:
1528:
1527:
1503:
1489:
1457:
1428:
1427:
1418:Mecamylamine
1331:
1319:
1017:Serotonergic
941:Dopaminergic
880:
820:
615:
606:
597:
586:. Retrieved
582:the original
572:
564:Pharmacology
563:
557:
548:
542:
474:Mixed action
449:
383:α-methyldopa
348:
303:Isoprenaline
272:
267:
258:
250:
234:
230:
227:
187:
128:
116:
78:
76:
31:
29:
4449:from market
4392:Vesnarinone
4377:Bucladesine
4330:Dimetofrine
4244:Epinephrine
4218:Prenalterol
4167:Methoxamine
4162:Metaraminol
3934:Spirendolol
3909:Propranolol
3904:Propafenone
3899:Pronethalol
3789:Levobunolol
3764:Isoxaprolol
3749:Indopanolol
3734:ICI-118,551
3699:Eugenodilol
3684:Ersentilide
3664:Draquinolol
3659:Diprafenone
3629:Dalbraminol
3609:Cicloprolol
3584:Carpindolol
3569:Butofilolol
3514:Bornaprolol
3459:Alprenoxime
3427:Antagonists
3388:Tulobuterol
3383:Tretoquinol
3378:Terbutaline
3338:Ractopamine
3333:Prenalterol
3239:Isoxsuprine
3224:Indacaterol
3194:Eugenodilol
3184:Etilevodopa
3169:Epinephrine
3160:Droxidopa (
3140:Dipivefrine
3111:Clenbuterol
2955:Setiptiline
2945:Rauwolscine
2920:Pardoprunox
2910:Mirtazapine
2875:Fenmetozole
2818:risperidone
2781:Atipamezole
2754:Antagonists
2710:Tiamenidine
2705:Tetryzoline
2685:Rilmenidine
2650:Naphazoline
2586:Guanoxabenz
2561:Epinephrine
2551:Etilevodopa
2542:Droxidopa (
2532:Dipivefrine
2493:Brimonidine
2363:maprotiline
2240:Pardoprunox
2235:Niguldipine
2195:Mepiprazole
2170:Hydroxyzine
2160:Etoperidone
2150:nicergoline
2120:Domesticine
2115:Dapiprazole
2090:eugenodilol
2065:Benoxathian
2059:risperidone
2024:Anisodamine
2002:Antagonists
1983:Tiamenidine
1978:Tetryzoline
1943:Naphazoline
1928:Methoxamine
1923:Metaraminol
1869:Etilevodopa
1859:Epinephrine
1850:Droxidopa (
1840:Dipivefrine
1801:Amidephrine
1473:Acamprosate
1423:Varenicline
1333:Amino acids
1232:Opioidergic
1138:Cholinergic
851:transporter
831:Ion channel
767:Transporter
711:Ion channel
551:. Elsevier.
460:atomoxetine
452:epinephrine
425:terbutaline
419:selective:
408:selective:
391:brimonidine
381:selective:
364:methoxamine
358:selective:
89:epinephrine
83:agent is a
64:Epinephrine
4502:Categories
4423:Pimobendan
4309:Octopamine
4299:Dopexamine
4277:Fenoldopam
4250:Etilefrine
4208:Dobutamine
4203:Arbutamine
4132:Adrenergic
3999:Xipranolol
3989:Toliprolol
3979:Tiprenolol
3964:Tienoxolol
3959:Tertatolol
3944:Sulfinalol
3924:Soquinolol
3919:Ronactolol
3894:Procinolol
3889:Primidolol
3874:Penbutolol
3854:Pacrinolol
3849:Oxprenolol
3844:Nipradilol
3814:Metoprolol
3804:Mepindolol
3799:Medroxalol
3769:Isamoltane
3759:Iprocrolol
3719:Flusoxolol
3709:Falintolol
3689:Esatenolol
3639:Diacetolol
3619:Cloranolol
3599:Celiprolol
3594:Carvedilol
3574:Capsinolol
3559:Butaxamine
3554:Bupranolol
3544:Bunitrolol
3524:Bucindolol
3519:Brefonalol
3509:Bopindolol
3504:Bisoprolol
3499:Bevantolol
3479:Arotinolol
3464:Amosulalol
3454:Alprenolol
3434:Acebutolol
3413:Zilpaterol
3398:Vilanterol
3373:Solabegron
3368:Salmeterol
3363:Salbutamol
3348:Reproterol
3343:Procaterol
3328:Pirbuterol
3313:Oxyfedrine
3298:Mirabegron
3293:Methyldopa
3283:Melevodopa
3273:Lubabegron
3229:Isoetarine
3214:Higenamine
3204:Formoterol
3179:Etilefrine
3174:Etafedrine
3155:Dopexamine
3145:Dobutamine
3126:Denopamine
3121:Corbadrine
3101:Carmoterol
3096:Carbuterol
3086:Broxaterol
3081:Bitolterol
3071:Bambuterol
3061:Arotinolol
3051:Arbutamine
3041:Alifedrine
3036:Abediterol
2980:Tolazoline
2970:Sunepitron
2960:Spegatrine
2950:Rotigotine
2890:Ketanserin
2880:Fluparoxan
2860:Cirazoline
2855:Buflomedil
2840:ipsapirone
2828:Azapirones
2814:quetiapine
2806:olanzapine
2802:lurasidone
2776:Aptazapine
2771:Amesergide
2720:Tolonidine
2715:Tizanidine
2695:Talipexole
2690:Romifidine
2645:Moxonidine
2635:Methyldopa
2630:Melevodopa
2620:Lofexidine
2581:Guanfacine
2566:Etilefrine
2556:Ergotamine
2517:Detomidine
2503:Corbadrine
2399:Trimazosin
2389:imipramine
2350:Tolazoline
2345:Tiodazosin
2335:Tamsulosin
2330:Talipexole
2320:Spegatrine
2305:Quinazosin
2281:nefazodone
2255:Phendioxan
2245:Pelanserin
2230:Niaprazine
2225:Neldazosin
2215:Naftopidil
2210:Moxisylyte
2180:Ketanserin
2165:Fenspiride
2138:ergotamine
2100:Buflomedil
2086:carvedilol
2082:arotinolol
2078:amosulalol
2055:quetiapine
2051:olanzapine
2014:Ajmalicine
1973:Synephrine
1953:Octopamine
1933:Methyldopa
1918:Melevodopa
1884:Indanidine
1864:Etilefrine
1816:Corbadrine
1811:Cirazoline
1770:modulators
1650:Naltrexone
1584:Lofexidine
1523:Topiramate
1511:Naltrexone
1468:Disulfiram
1181:Ganglionic
1172:Muscarinic
1150:Muscarinic
873:Adrenergic
742:Antagonist
588:2010-10-23
534:References
437:pirbuterol
433:formoterol
429:salmeterol
410:dobutamine
399:guanfacine
349:Selective:
323:(acts on α
305:(acts on β
287:(acts on α
279:Adrenaline
255:Mechanisms
80:adrenergic
72:endogenous
4459:Phase III
4447:Withdrawn
4428:Xamoterol
4387:Milrinone
4382:Enoximone
4335:Gepefrine
4325:Cafedrine
4304:Ibopamine
4239:Droxidopa
4172:Midodrine
4018:See also:
3994:Xibenolol
3984:Tolamolol
3969:Tilisolol
3949:Talinolol
3939:SR 59230A
3914:Ridazolol
3884:Practolol
3864:Pamatolol
3859:Pafenolol
3839:Nifenalol
3834:Nebivolol
3829:Nadoxolol
3779:Landiolol
3774:Labetalol
3744:Indenolol
3714:Flestolol
3704:Exaprolol
3669:Ecastolol
3654:Dilevalol
3614:Cinamolol
3604:Cetamolol
3589:Carteolol
3579:Carazolol
3564:Butidrine
3539:Bufuralol
3534:Bufetolol
3529:Bucumolol
3494:Betaxolol
3489:Befunolol
3469:Ancarolol
3439:Adaprolol
3403:Xamoterol
3358:Ritodrine
3353:Rimiterol
3318:PF-610355
3278:Mabuterol
3263:-Tyrosine
3219:Ibopamine
3199:Fenoterol
3106:Cimaterol
3091:Buphenine
3076:Befunolol
3046:Amibegron
3007:Yohimbine
2975:Terguride
2940:Piribedil
2935:Piperoxan
2905:Mianserin
2850:BRL-44408
2832:buspirone
2798:clozapine
2790:asenapine
2730:Vatinoxan
2670:Piperoxan
2640:Mivazerol
2615:Ibopamine
2610:-Tyrosine
2576:Guanabenz
2498:Clonidine
2436:Zolertine
2367:mianserin
2359:amoxapine
2340:Terazosin
2325:Spiperone
2315:Silodosin
2310:Quinidine
2295:Piperoxan
2285:trazodone
2250:Perlapine
2220:Nantenine
2205:Monatepil
2200:Metazosin
2185:L-765,314
2175:Indoramin
2154:terguride
2130:Ergolines
2125:Doxazosin
2105:Bunazosin
2094:labetalol
2047:clozapine
2034:Atiprosin
2029:Anisodine
2019:Alfuzosin
2009:Abanoquil
1938:Midodrine
1913:-Tyrosine
1879:Ibopamine
1806:Buspirone
1702:Lorazepam
1685:Clonidine
1655:Nalmefene
1617:Methadone
1606:+naloxone
1579:Clonidine
1539:Clonidine
1516:Nalmefene
1462:inhibitor
1439:Clonidine
1403:Bupropion
1328:Precursor
1177:Nicotinic
1155:Nicotinic
1067:GABAergic
792:Precursor
777:Inhibitor
703:Inhibitor
497:Droxidopa
480:Ephedrine
387:clonidine
368:midodrine
107:Receptors
4492:Medicine
4372:Amrinone
4293:Dopamine
4182:Oxedrine
3879:Pindolol
3869:Pargolol
3819:Moprolol
3694:Esprolol
3679:Ericolol
3674:Epanolol
3484:Atenolol
3449:Afurolol
3444:Adimolol
3418:Zinterol
3393:Vibegron
3150:Dopamine
3116:Colterol
3029:Agonists
2997:loxapine
2895:Lisuride
2885:Idazoxan
2865:Efaroxan
2836:gepirone
2822:zotepine
2766:Adimolol
2740:Xylazine
2725:Urapidil
2537:Dopamine
2461:Agonists
2426:Urapidil
2416:loxapine
2300:Prazosin
2146:lisuride
2074:adimolol
1845:Dopamine
1789:Agonists
1712:Oxazepam
1697:Diazepam
1590:Ibogaine
1550:Phenibut
1545:Baclofen
1413:Lobeline
1408:Cytisine
1316:Cofactor
1186:Muscular
846:Receptor
797:Cofactor
783:Releaser
771:Enhancer
765:♦
728:Receptor
726:♦
709:♦
692:♦
512:See also
466:such as
321:Dopamine
204:(PKC); α
196:C (via G
97:receptor
3974:Timolol
3954:Tazolol
3929:Sotalol
3824:Nadolol
3549:Bunolol
3474:Arnolol
3408:XP21279
2987:(e.g.,
2915:NAN-190
2830:(e.g.,
2788:(e.g.,
2735:XP21279
2483:Amitraz
2431:WB-4101
2406:(e.g.,
2385:doxepin
2375:(e.g.,
2357:(e.g.,
2275:(e.g.,
2132:(e.g.,
2072:(e.g.,
2041:(e.g.,
1988:XP21279
1596:Opioids
1273:(AdoRI)
1223:(eCBRI)
806:Classes
732:Agonist
720:Blocker
698:Inducer
161:. The α
58:, and β
4478:Portal
4442:WHO-EM
4139:agents
3164:-DOPS)
2546:-DOPS)
2473:4-NEMD
1854:-DOPS)
1217:(eCBE)
814:Enzyme
715:Opener
694:Enzyme
644:(MeSH)
506:L-DOPA
501:L-DOPS
4363:PDE3I
4227:mixed
2478:6-FNE
1796:6-FNE
1330:(see
1318:(see
1264:Other
1087:(GRI)
1045:(SRI)
961:(DRI)
932:(NRI)
848:&
760:(NAM)
754:(PAM)
686:Types
181:and β
157:and α
133:and α
34:is a
4286:Both
4123:C01C
3066:BAAM
2900:mCPP
2761:1-PP
2675:PS75
2190:mCPP
1386:N07B
1118:NMDA
1108:AMPA
1034:5-HT
836:See
819:see
785:(RA)
779:(RI)
773:(RE)
454:and
239:and
85:drug
70:are
66:and
36:drug
4134:and
499:ou
339:, D
335:, D
331:, β
327:, α
313:, β
309:, β
295:, β
291:, α
177:, β
153:, α
149:, α
145:, α
141:, α
122:or
103:).
77:An
54:, β
50:, β
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