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for failing to warn Kimmel that war was imminent. The court concluded that "based upon the facts established, the Court is of the opinion that no offenses have been committed nor serious blame incurred on the part of any person or persons in the naval service." Because the court's findings implicitly
857:
Meanwhile, Naval
Coastal Frontiers were grouped in to Sea Frontiers, and the area of the Naval Coastal Frontier formerly under Andrews' command was merged into the Eastern Sea Frontier and he became its commander. For his new assignment, Andrews was re-promoted to the rank of vice admiral on May 1,
1894:, Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 39: Reports, Findings, and Conclusions of Roberts Commission, Army Pearl Harbor Board, Navy Court of Inquiry, and Hewitt Inquiry, With Endorsements, Government Printing Office, pp. 373, 375–377, 381–383
978:
Upon reviewing the report, Forrestal felt that the court had been too lenient in assigning blame for the disaster. The court had found that the Army and Navy had adequately cooperated in the defense of Pearl Harbor; that there had been no information indicating that
Japanese carriers were on their
983:
bombing technique could not have been predicted. Forrestal disapproved all of these findings, judging that Kimmel could have done more with the information he had had to prevent or mitigate the attack. Forrestal concluded that both Kimmel and Stark had "failed to demonstrate the superior judgment
1877:, Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 39: Reports, Findings, and Conclusions of Roberts Commission, Army Pearl Harbor Board, Navy Court of Inquiry, and Hewitt Inquiry, With Endorsements, Government Printing Office, pp. 297, 318–321
954:
The court convened on July 24, 1944, and held daily sessions in
Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Pearl Harbor. After interviewing numerous witnesses, it completed its work on October 19, 1944. Its report to the Navy Department largely exonerated Rear Admiral
996:
for South
Pacific areas in June 1945. He subsequently served as a director of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railway, the Texas Bank & Trust Company, the Kansas City Wholesale Grocery Company of Kansas City, Mo., and the Bird Shankle Corporation of San Antonio.
591:
853:
raised the question of responsibility for the fire. Despite his rejection of advice from the ship’s designer that would have saved the ship, Andrews was cleared of any wrongdoing and promoted to the rank of vice admiral backdated to May 1, 1942.
1604:
1652:
1000:
He was also a member of the New York City
University Club, the Dallas Downtown Club, the Fort Worth Club, the Alibi Club, and the Metropolitan Club and Cevy Chase Country Clubs of Washington, D.C.
1962:
687:
and assumed duty as a member of the
American Representation at the Geneva Preparatory Commission on Limitation of Armaments. In November that year, Andrews was appointed commander of the
729:. Following the departure of admiral Laning in May 1933, Andrews served as acting President of the College for three weeks, when he was relieved by new President, Rear admiral
903:) was appointed to determine whether shore establishments were over-manned or under-manned and whether the Navy's manpower was being utilized to the best possible advantage.
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free of enemy submarines. The submarine menace in this area ceased to be of dangerous proportions in the fall of 1942. For his successful service against German
298:
326:
1972:
1281:
1271:
628:
475:
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at the time of the attack. The court found that Kimmel's decisions had been correct given the limited information available to him, but criticized then-
322:
290:
1987:
453:
880:
He was transferred to the
Retired list of the Navy on November 1, 1943, but remained on active as Chairman of the Navy Manpower Survey Board in the
314:
1015:. They had two children: a son, Adolphus Andrews Jr., who served as Marine Corps officer during World War II and a daughter Frances W. Andrews.
294:
1952:
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on June 7, 1903, after completing two years at sea required by law before commissioning. Andrews was subsequently attached to the gunboat
1967:
1805:
Department of
Defense appropriations for 1972: hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives
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way to attack Pearl Harbor; and that the attack had succeeded principally because the advanced tactical effectiveness of the
Japanese
1997:
1947:
1317:
1151:
756:
136:
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had broken the
Japanese codes, a critical wartime secret, the court's report was not made public until after the end of the war.
845:. Due to the investigation Andrews' nomination to vice admiral was held up by the Senate Naval Affairs Committee after Senators
1957:
897:
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and following the promotion and detachment of Captain Welles in January 1917, Andrews was appointed acting commanding officer.
262:
He passed the exam and entered the Annapolis as Midshipman in September 1897. While at the Academy, Andrews, who was nicknamed
1942:
487:
461:
171:
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780:
763:, and was responsible mostly for Navy personnel administration until June 1938. He was subsequently appointed Commander,
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until July 1921, when he was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet under Admiral
1977:
505:
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between April and June 1914. He returned to the United States at the end of June and was assigned to the battleship
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823:. While in this capacity, he also held additional duty as Commander of the North Atlantic Naval Coastal Frontier.
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457:
239:, the son of merchant Adolphus Rutherford Andrews and his wife former Lala Caroline Davis. He graduated from the
1850:"Pearl Harbor Inquiry ordered by Forrestal – Santa Cruz Sentinel, Volume 89, Number 168, 15 July 1944; page ONE"
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in February 1941, Andrews reverted to his permanent rank of rear admiral and assumed duty as Commandant of the
1180:
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248:
1428:"Red Cross Workers Said Needed in Pacific Area – San Bernardino Sun, Volume 52, 23 September 1945; page TWO"
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Vice Admiral Adolphus Andrews died following a long illness on June 19, 1948, aged 68, at Naval Hospital in
281:
degree on the top of his class and among his classmates were several future Admirals including World War II
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and remained in that capacity until February 1934, when admiral Reeves was promoted to the command of the
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and took Andrews with him as Chief of Staff. While in this capacity, Andrews was promoted to the rank of
580:
445:
252:
1828:"Navy Slates More for Sea Duty – San Pedro News Pilot, Volume 16, Number 288, 5 February 1944; page ONE"
1773:
799:
1679:"Two Naval Chiefs' Promotion Asked – San Pedro News Pilot, Volume 15, Number 51, 4 May 1942; page ONE"
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Upon completion of his duties at the White House in February 1906, Andrews assumed command of gunboat
1631:"Shakeup in Navy High Command – San Pedro News Pilot, Volume 11, Number 28, 9 April 1938; page EIGHT"
1112:
992:
Andrews was relieved of all active duty in December 1944 and assumed position as Commissioner of the
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576:
386:
282:
208:. A Naval Academy graduate and veteran of three wars, he is most noted for his service as Commander,
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and to assess any culpability borne by members of the Navy. The Court consisted of Andrews; Admiral
251:. Andrews spent one year at the University, before taking a competitive exam for appointment to the
557:
271:
167:
154:
1701:"Promotion for Andrews Held Up – San Pedro News Pilot, Volume 15, Number 53, 6 May 1942; page ONE"
841:. The subsequent investigation focused on possible sabotage and connection to New York Mafia Boss
775:
on July 1, 1938. During his service with the Scouting Force, United States Fleet, Andrews visited
358:
274:
in summer 1898, he participated in the naval blockade of Cuba and bombardment of coastal targets.
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422:, where he remained for eight months and then was transferred to the Navy Recruiting Stations in
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during the period of ship's fitting out. He then participated in the training off the coast of
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1723:"PROMOTIONS WAIT NORMANDIE PROBE – Madera Tribune, Volume L, Number 70, 21 May 1942; page TWO"
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in June 1917 and resumed his duties as navigator. Andrews was transferred to the battleship
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1011:. He is buried with his wife Berenice Platter Andrews (1888–1992) at Fairview Cemetery in
984:
necessary for exercising command commensurate with their rank and their assigned duties."
699:
as a member of the American Representation for the Conference on Limitation of Armaments.
639:. Andrews completed the senior course in December 1920 and assumed command of repair ship
504:
Andrews served again as ship's gunnery officer until May 1916, when he was ordered to the
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with additional duty as Presidential Naval Aide. He accompanied President Harding to
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He remained in that assignment until April 1926, when he was succeeded by Captain
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and after his death in August 1923, continued as senior Naval Aide to President
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Andrews had to face the task of sweeping the stretch of the Atlantic between
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Fourth Endorsement to Record of Proceedings of Pearl Harbor Court of Inquiry
631:. He remained in that capacity until November 1919, when he was sent to the
418:
In February 1908, Andrews returned to the United States and assumed duty at
1906:"Bulletins – Madera Tribune, Volume LVI, Number 95, 19 June 1948; page ONE"
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on the occasion of the anniversary of Brazilian independence and received
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until April 1914. While in this capacity, he was promoted to the rank of
382:
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and reached the rank of Cadet-Junior Lieutenant and Adjutant. During the
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1808:. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. p. 33
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888:. Andrew's Board of five (among them Andrew's Naval Academy Classmate
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During the end of his tenure in February 1942, the seized ocean liner
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1399:"Vice admiral Adolphus Andrews – Naval History and Heritage Command"
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Following the death of Secretary Knox in April 1944, his successor
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during the disembarkation from SS QUEEN MARY on arrival in the USA.
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in October that year and served as Executive officer under Captain
348:
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200:(October 7, 1879 – June 19, 1948) was a decorated officer in the
1605:"Bureau of Naval Personnel – Naval History and Heritage Command"
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in October 1910 and served as Executive officer until May 1911.
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Congress of the United States, Seventy-Ninth Congress (1946),
1871:
Congress of the United States, Seventy-Ninth Congress (1946),
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be convened to investigate the facts surrounding the Japanese
1887:
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709:
in July 1929 and participated in the patrol cruises with the
519:. He served originally as the ship's navigator under Captain
427:
412:
1653:"Third Naval District – Naval History and Heritage Command"
546:
512:, for duty in connection with fitting out the battleship
1963:
United States Navy personnel of the Spanish–American War
915:
As member (right) of the Navy Court of Inquiry into the
567:
was used mostly for heavy gun target practice ship near
702:
Andrews was appointed commanding officer of battleship
1585:. NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive Websites
1559:. NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive Websites
1533:. NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive Websites
1507:. NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive Websites
1481:. NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive Websites
556:
Andrews was transferred to command of the battleship
1983:
Military aides to the President of the United States
947:, who served as President of the Court, and Admiral
736:
He was subsequently appointed Chief of Staff of the
783:. He was also member of the American delegation to
717:until May 1931. He was subsequently ordered to the
1993:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
661:. Andrews was appointed Commanding officer of the
454:Superintendent and Secretary of the Academic Board
755:In June 1935, Andrews was appointed Chief of the
235:Adolphus Andrews was born on October 7, 1879, in
223:in 1944 and following the War, Andrews served as
1924:
906:
474:as Gunnery officer under the command of Captain
1553:"ex-USS Mayflower (PY 1) – Commanding Officers"
611:during their visit to Washington, D.C., aboard
553:during the latter's stay in the United States.
1501:"BB-2 USS MASSACHUSETTS – Commanding Officers"
579:on July 1, 1918, and to the temporary rank of
381:. He also held additional duty as Aide at the
247:, Texas in the summer of 1895 and entered the
1659:. Naval History and Heritage Command Websites
1611:. Naval History and Heritage Command Websites
1527:"USS Prometheus (AR-3) – Commanding Officers"
1405:. Naval History and Heritage Command Websites
377:, which served as the Presidential Yacht for
1774:"All Hands Bulletin, July 1944, pages 14–15"
347:which participated in a shakedown cruise to
1973:United States Navy personnel of World War I
1447:
1445:
1475:"BB-37 USS OKLAHOMA – Commanding Officers"
811:Following the completion of his tour with
771:and was promoted to the temporary rank of
740:, operating in the Atlantic under Admiral
31:
1766:
1545:
1519:
1493:
1467:
1191:Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Commander
619:In December 1918, Andrews was ordered to
1988:United States Navy World War II admirals
1801:
1571:
1442:
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595:Andrews (left) with famous screen stars
590:
357:
336:Upon the graduation, he was attached as
1579:"BB-35 USS TEXAS – Commanding Officers"
1925:
1881:
575:. Andrews was promoted to the rank of
467:He subsequently joined the battleship
1864:
444:Andrews subsequently returned to the
340:to the newly commissioned battleship
277:He graduated on June 7, 1901, with a
1953:University of Texas at Austin alumni
1238:February 6, 1942 – November 1, 1943
1023:Ribbon bar of Vice admiral Andrews:
623:and attached to the headquarters of
1748:"Valor awards for Adolphus Andrews"
882:Office of the Secretary of the Navy
695:. In mid-1927 he was again sent to
13:
1968:United States Naval Academy alumni
689:Naval Submarine Base at New London
586:
385:and was promoted consecutively to
14:
2009:
549:and also served as Naval Aide to
506:New York Shipbuilding Corporation
1998:United States Navy vice admirals
1948:W. H. Adamson High School alumni
1783:. Navy Heritage Command Websites
1453:"Lucky Bag – USNA Class of 1915"
1294:July 3, 1938 – February 1, 1941
1130:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
1111:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1073:
1061:
1055:
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875:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
1874:Report of Navy Court of Inquiry
1181:Order of Naval Merit, Commander
794:
653:Andrews remained in command of
230:
227:Commissioner for Pacific area.
1158:American Defense Service Medal
1018:
781:Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa
530:He handed over the command to
1:
1958:Military personnel from Texas
1455:. United States Naval Academy
1336:
987:
907:Pearl Harbor Court of Inquiry
873:, Andrews was decorated with
249:University of Texas at Austin
221:Pearl Harbor Court of Inquiry
1943:People from Galveston, Texas
959:, commander in chief of the
573:United States Atlantic Fleet
452:, and served as Aide to the
7:
1802:Calloway, James R. (1945).
1266:March 1941 – February 1942
1203:
919:, 1944. Other are Admirals
583:on September 21 that year.
446:United States Naval Academy
253:United States Naval Academy
190:Distinguished Service Medal
10:
2014:
1176:World War II Victory Medal
1154:with Atlantic Fleet Clasp
898:Civil Service Commissioner
16:United States Navy admiral
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1152:World War I Victory Medal
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965:Chief of Naval Operations
833:, which was stationed at
803:Andrews (left) following
523:during the rearmament at
430:. He was assigned to the
387:Lieutenant (junior grade)
283:Chief of Naval Operations
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1978:Naval War College alumni
1752:valor.militarytimes.com
1164:American Campaign Medal
973:American cryptographers
563:in September 1918. The
482:, Andrews embarked for
219:He later served on the
1322:June 1935 – June 1938
1210:Battle of the Atlantic
1135:Spanish Campaign Medal
941:attack on Pearl Harbor
937:Naval Court of Inquiry
928:
808:
665:'s Presidential Yacht
616:
551:Prince Axel of Denmark
525:Philadelphia Navy Yard
434:'s Presidential Yacht
363:
1140:Mexican Service Medal
914:
890:Charles W. Fisher Jr.
819:with headquarters at
802:
767:, operating with the
752:on January 16, 1934.
723:Newport, Rhode Island
637:Newport, Rhode Island
594:
488:Occupation of Veracuz
486:and took part in the
403:, operating with the
362:Andrews as Commander.
361:
307:Charles W. Fisher Jr.
241:Oak Cliff High School
172:Occupation of Veracuz
107:Years of service
1318:Bureau of Navigation
1262:Third Naval District
1234:Eastern Sea Frontier
817:Third Naval District
789:Order of Naval Merit
757:Bureau of Navigation
625:Third Naval District
462:Lieutenant commander
366:He was commissioned
353:North Atlantic Fleet
327:Rufus F. Zogbaum Jr.
272:Spanish–American War
210:Eastern Sea Frontier
168:Spanish–American War
137:Bureau of Navigation
129:Eastern Sea Frontier
1328:James O. Richardson
917:Pearl Harbor Attack
769:United States Fleet
746:United States Fleet
627:under Rear admiral
450:Annapolis, Maryland
351:and later with the
303:Arthur P. Fairfield
279:Bachelor of Science
257:Annapolis, Maryland
1282:William T. Tarrant
1272:Edward J. Marquart
994:American Red Cross
933:James V. Forrestal
929:
901:Arthur S. Flemming
837:, caught fire and
835:New York Navy Yard
821:New York Navy Yard
809:
629:Nathaniel R. Usher
617:
510:Camden, New Jersey
420:New York Navy Yard
379:Theodore Roosevelt
364:
225:American Red Cross
202:United States Navy
101:United States Navy
1781:media.defense.gov
1334:
1333:
1325:Succeeded by
1297:Succeeded by
1269:Succeeded by
1254:Clark H. Woodward
1241:Succeeded by
1226:Clark H. Woodward
1218:Military offices
1201:
1200:
1160:with Fleet Clasp
1119:
1118:
957:Husband E. Kimmel
949:Edward C. Kalbfus
925:Edward C. Kalbfus
847:Charles L. McNary
805:Winston Churchill
719:Naval War College
663:Warren G. Harding
633:Naval War College
497:serving with the
476:Carlo B. Brittain
464:on July 1, 1913.
411:off the coast of
393:on June 7, 1906.
338:Passed Midshipman
204:with the rank of
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843:Albert Anastasia
761:Washington, D.C.
742:Joseph M. Reeves
615:on May 16, 1925.
405:Asiatic Squadron
323:Manley H. Simons
319:Walter N. Vernou
291:Burrell C. Allen
237:Galveston, Texas
198:Adolphus Andrews
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63:Galveston, Texas
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968:Harold R. Stark
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892:, Rear Admiral
797:
678:Calvin Coolidge
659:Hilary P. Jones
589:
587:Interwar period
543:Joseph L. Jayne
532:Spencer S. Wood
478:. While aboard
458:John H. Gibbons
432:William H. Taft
311:Julius A. Furer
233:
178:
174:
170:
153:
146:
139:
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131:
78:
74:
61:
60:October 7, 1879
55:
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26:
17:
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1908:. cdnc.ucr.edu
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1290:Scouting Fleet
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989:
986:
981:aerial torpedo
971:revealed that
945:Orin G. Murfin
921:Orin G. Murfin
908:
905:
894:Paul F. Foster
813:Scouting Force
796:
793:
765:Scouting Force
715:Atlantic Ocean
711:Scouting Fleet
648:Atlantic Fleet
588:
585:
569:Chesapeake Bay
499:Atlantic Fleet
409:Yangtze Patrol
331:William S. Pye
315:George F. Neal
287:Ernest J. King
266:was active in
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133:Scouting Fleet
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80:Houston, Texas
77:(aged 68)
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923:(center) and
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73:June 19, 1948
72:
68:
64:
52:
48:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1910:. Retrieved
1900:
1890:
1883:
1873:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1804:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1780:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1751:
1727:. Retrieved
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1656:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1608:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1582:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1556:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1530:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1478:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1432:. Retrieved
1407:. Retrieved
1402:
1315:
1300:Wilson Brown
1287:
1260:Commandant,
1259:
1231:
1022:
1002:
999:
991:
977:
953:
930:
879:
860:
856:
829:
825:
810:
795:World War II
773:Vice Admiral
754:
750:Rear admiral
738:Battle Force
735:
731:Luke McNamee
705:
701:
685:Wilson Brown
682:
668:
654:
652:
642:
618:
612:
601:Harold Lloyd
564:
559:
555:
537:
529:
521:Roger Welles
515:
503:
493:
479:
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443:
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417:
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395:
373:
365:
343:
335:
295:Ivan E. Bass
276:
268:Fencing Team
263:
261:
234:
231:Early career
218:
214:World War II
206:Vice Admiral
197:
196:
180:World War II
164:Battles/wars
156:
149:
142:
119:Vice Admiral
75:(1948-06-19)
43:
18:
1938:1948 deaths
1933:1879 births
1663:January 28,
1615:January 28,
1409:January 28,
1288:Commander,
1232:Commander,
1019:Decorations
863:Nova Scotia
693:Connecticut
571:within the
538:Mississippi
383:White House
299:John Downes
212:during the
176:World War I
40:Nickname(s)
1927:Categories
1912:August 27,
1856:August 27,
1834:August 27,
1729:August 27,
1707:August 27,
1685:August 27,
1637:August 27,
1434:August 27,
1337:References
988:Retirement
886:Frank Knox
655:Prometheus
643:Prometheus
603:(center),
456:, Captain
400:Villalobos
391:Lieutenant
87:Allegiance
56:1879-10-07
830:Normandie
669:Mayflower
613:Mayflower
609:Will Hays
577:Commander
438:Mayflower
110:1901–1944
1812:April 9,
1787:July 30,
1758:June 17,
1589:June 19,
1563:June 19,
1537:June 19,
1511:June 19,
1485:June 19,
1459:July 10,
1204:See also
839:capsized
516:Oklahoma
480:Michigan
471:Michigan
349:Cape Ann
150:Oklahoma
125:Commands
95:Service/
1005:Houston
871:U-boats
867:Florida
713:in the
646:of the
581:Captain
407:within
374:Dolphin
264:"Dolph"
44:"Dolph"
1195:Panama
1185:Brazil
884:under
858:1942.
785:Brazil
777:Panama
697:Geneva
674:Alaska
484:Mexico
424:Dallas
368:Ensign
289:; and
245:Dallas
186:Awards
97:branch
1777:(PDF)
1009:Texas
706:Texas
428:Texas
413:China
344:Maine
143:Texas
1914:2016
1858:2016
1836:2016
1814:2017
1789:2017
1760:2017
1731:2016
1709:2016
1687:2016
1665:2018
1639:2016
1617:2018
1591:2018
1565:2018
1539:2018
1513:2018
1487:2018
1461:2018
1436:2016
1411:2018
1172:Row
1170:3rd
1148:Row
1146:2nd
1126:Row
1124:1st
896:and
865:and
849:and
704:USS
667:USS
641:USS
607:and
558:USS
547:Cuba
536:USS
514:USS
494:Utah
492:USS
469:USS
436:USS
398:USS
389:and
372:USS
342:USS
329:and
155:USS
148:USS
141:USS
115:Rank
82:, US
70:Died
65:, US
50:Born
828:SS
759:in
721:at
635:at
508:in
448:at
355:.
255:at
243:in
1929::
1779:.
1750:.
1739:^
1655:.
1607:.
1581:.
1555:.
1529:.
1503:.
1477:.
1444:^
1419:^
1401:.
1344:^
1197:)
1187:)
1007:,
951:.
877:.
791:.
733:.
691:,
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599:,
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1593:.
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1438:.
1413:.
1193:(
1183:(
927:.
58:)
54:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
