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321:(1843–1849). The artist had a deep sympathy for the Prussian king. In one of his letters to Johann Jakob Weber, he said that it was his intention to represent the monarch as a man who was both hated and admired—simply as he was, in other words, as a man of the people. Through these works, Menzel established his claim to be considered one of the first, if not actually the first, of the illustrators of his day in his own line.
860:
211:), on 8 December 1815. His father was a lithographer and intended to educate his son as a professor, but did not thwart his taste for art. After resigning his teaching post, Menzel senior set up a lithographic workshop in 1818. In 1830 the family moved to Berlin, and in 1832 Adolph was forced to take over the lithographic business on the death of his father. In 1833, he studied briefly at the
169:, was such that few of his major paintings left Germany, as many were quickly acquired by museums in Berlin. Menzel's graphic work (and especially his drawings) were more widely disseminated; these, along with informal paintings not initially intended for display, have largely accounted for his posthumous reputation.
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Two other works in the museum are being sought by the heirs of
Therese Clara Kirstein, a German Jew who committed suicide in 1939 after her escape to the United States was blocked. The heirs believe the works, a drawing by Adolph Menzel and a Liebermann study, were sold under duress shortly before
341:
In the meantime, Menzel had also begun to study, unaided, the art of painting, and he soon produced a great number and variety of pictures. His paintings consistently demonstrated keen observation and honest workmanship in subjects dealing with the life and achievements of
Frederick the Great, and
324:
Menzel's fame came from his illustrations of the 18th-century
Prussian monarch, Frederick the Great. As well as dedication to adding historical accuracy and attention to detail. Menzel also made sure to do research on the items he was painting. From 1840 and onward Menzel became admirable for his
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of truthfulness....The man who has measured with a compass the buttons on a uniform from the time of
Frederick, when it is a matter of depicting a modern shoe, waistcoat, or coiffure, does not make them by approximations but totally, in their absolute form and without smallness of means. He puts
172:
Although he traveled in order to find subjects for his art, to visit exhibitions, and to meet with other artists, Menzel spent most of his life in Berlin, and was, despite numerous friendships, by his own admission detached from others. It is likely that he felt socially estranged for physical
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Adele Pächter, who was Jewish, was persecuted by the Nazis and was forced to dispose of her deceased husband's collection. Hermann Pächter had died in 1902. She was able to bring the collection to auction in 1940 via her son in law, under extreme pressure. In 1943, she was murdered at the
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Menzel wrote in his last will and testament: "Not only have I remained unmarried, throughout my life I have also renounced all relations with the other sex... In short, there is a lack of any kind of self-made bond between me and the outside world." Fried,
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Others have been claimed but not restituted. Also in 2015 the Dutch
Limbach Commission refused a restitution request for the Menzel painting "A Weekday in Paris" which had belonged to the Jewish banker Georges Behrens.
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considered him to be a "proto-impressionist" painter, whose graphic work hindered his painterly potentials. Private drawings and watercolors made of dead and dying soldiers in 1866 on the battlefields of the
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described him as "no taller than a cuirassier-guard's boot, bedecked with pendants and orders, not missing a single one of these parties, moving among all these personages like a gnome and like the greatest
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Asked later why he had not painted any works referring to the war, Menzel replied, in part, "The requirements of patriotism have been covered by others and, after all, is it necessary to paint the horror?!
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530:(1886) ("Standing Suits of Armour" or "Armoury Fantasy") was restituted by the Albertina Museum in Vienna to the heirs of Adele Pächter, who was murdered at the Theresienstadt concentration camp.
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Busch-Salmen, Gabriele (2003). "Adolf
Menzels 'Flötenkonzert Friedrich der Großen in Sanssouci': Ein vertrautes Gemälde, 150 Jahre nach seiner Fertigstellung neu gesehen".
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502:", Nationalgalerie (National Gallery) and Kupferstichkabinett (Museum of Prints and Drawings), Staatliche Museen zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 7 Feb – 11 May 1997 "
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In a word, the man is everywhere independent, sincere, with sure vision, a decisive note that can sometimes be a little brutal....While being perfectly healthy he has the
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2005:
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154:, he is considered one of the two most prominent German painters of the 19th century, and was the most successful artist of his era in Germany. First known as
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Several important works by Menzel were seized, sold by force or under duress during the Nazi period. Some of these have been restituted in the 21st century.
1995:
253:
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506:", Kupferstichkabinett (Museum of Prints and Drawings), Staatliche Museen zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 20 September 2019 – 19 January 2020.
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618:
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1960:
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1778:, exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art fully available online as PDF, which contains material on Adolph Menzel (see index)
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are unsparing in their realism, and have been described by art historian Marie Ursula
Riemann-Reyher as "unique in German art of the time."
1750:
482:; by virtue of receiving the Order, Menzel was raised to the nobility, becoming "Adolph von Menzel". He was also made a member of the
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1990:
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in London. After his death in 1905 in Berlin, his funeral arrangements were directed by the Kaiser, who walked behind his coffin.
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1433:"Art Law: Limbach Commission Advises against Restitution of Adolf von Menzel's "Pariser Wochentag" | Dispute Resolution Germany"
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there everything that is called for by the character (of the object). Free, large, and rapid in his drawing, no draftsman is as
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Notwithstanding Menzel's professed estrangement from others, his renown entailed social obligations, and in the 1880s the poet
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399:, both painted in the mid- 1840s, that now appeal as "among the most freely observed of mid-nineteenth century images." Such
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1770:, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Adolph Menzel (no. 60–64)
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926:(Berlin: Cassirer, 1915), who is of the opinion that his short stature affected his self-esteem and whole personal life.
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1985:
1955:
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1317:"Portrait by Adolph Menzel Among Latest Artifacts Recovered by the Mosse Art Restitution Project and Sold at Auction"
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See
Manuela Lintl "Die Rezeption von Menzels Eisenwalzwerk",unpublished master's thesis, Department History of Art,
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for the chronicler." In
Germany he received many honors, and in 1898 became the first painter to be admitted to the
1950:
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The paintings which were available to the public garnered recognition not only within
Germany, but from the French
1965:
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of Berlin published his first work in 1833, an album of pen-and-ink drawings reproduced on stone, to illustrate
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1945:
1343:"23 June 2015: Restitution of Adolph Menzel pastel to the heirs of Berlin publisher Rudolf Mosse (1843-1920)"
1291:"23 June 2015: Restitution of Adolph Menzel pastel to the heirs of Berlin publisher Rudolf Mosse (1843–1920)"
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589:
373:, he produced an exact representation of the ceremony without regard to the traditions of official painting.
1581:„Ein Fürst der Kunst ist uns gestorben“: Adolph von Menzels Nachruhm im Kaiserlichen Deutschland (1905–1910)
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1970:
1940:
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to the heirs of Elsa Cohen who, persecuted by the Nazis because Jewish, sold it to Hitler's art dealer
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Adolph Menzel – zwischen Kunst und Konvention, die Allegorie in der Adressenkunst des 19. Jahrhunderts
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1861:
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German masters of the nineteenth century: paintings and drawings from the Federal Republic of Germany
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Adolph Menzels Friedrich-Bilder: Theorie und Praxis der Geschichtsmalerei im Berlin der 1850er Jahre
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In 2015, the Menzel pastel "Lady with a Red Blouse" was restituted to the heirs of Erna Felicia and
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Adolph Menzels Friedrichbilder: Theorie und Praxis der Geschichtsmalerei im Berlin der 1850er Jahre
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32:
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2010:
1919:
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215:, where he drew from plaster casts and ancient sculptures; thereafter Menzel was self-taught.
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1166:"Ja, wer ist Menzel? Das Labyrinth der Wirklichkeit – Adolph Menzel im Alten Museum in Berlin"
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From 1839 to 1842, he produced 400 drawings, largely introducing to Germany the technique of
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and William I, and after his death they were appropriated for use as electoral posters by
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De Gruyter: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon: Die Bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker
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reasons alone—he had a large head, and stood about four foot six inches (137 cm).
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1754:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 146–147.
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small paintings and drawings. In which he depicted his unconventional ideas.
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1536:, Richard Hoppe-Sailer, Wulf Schadendorf, Johann Schlick, JĂĽrgen Schultze,
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Menzel and an exhibition of his art plays a pivotal role in the HBO series
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admired and copied his work, calling him "the greatest living master", and
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1454:"Germany returns Adolph von Menzel drawing sold under Nazi persecution"
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If these historical illustrations anticipated the qualities of early
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1735:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Claudia Czok, "Menzel, Adolph (Adolph Friedrich Erdmann von)", in
411:. Though he was primarily an excellent draughtsman, art historian
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Menzel's Realism: Art and Embodiment in Nineteenth-Century Berlin
1649:, vol. 89. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2016, pp. 117–121.
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Menzel's Realism: Art and Embodiment in Nineteenth-Century Berlin
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DenkwĂĽrdigkeiten aus der brandenburgisch-preussischen Geschichte
142:(8 December 1815 – 9 February 1905) was a German
1369:"She Tracked Nazi-Looted Art. She Quit When No One Returned It"
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227:
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Adolph Menzel 1815–1905: Between Romanticism and Impressionism
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Adolph Menzel 1815–1905: Between Romanticism and Impressionism
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her death or, more likely, confiscated and sold shortly after.
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250:, as well as diplomas for various corporations and societies.
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His popularity in his native country, owing especially to his
1407:"Why US lawmakers want Germany to revisit its museums' walls"
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The Meeting of Frederick II and Joseph II in Neisse in 1769
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The Meeting of Frederick II and Joseph II in Neisse in 1769
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in Munich in 1934 and donated it to the Foundation in 1940.
354:. Among those considered most important of these works are
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in 1938. It was rediscovered in the art stash of his son,
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Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography
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During Menzel's life, his paintings were appreciated by
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Departure of King Wilhelm I for the Army, July 31, 1870
1527:
Adolf Menzel: Zeichnungen Verzeichnis und Erläuterungen
1206:"KunstrĂĽckgabebeirat beschlieĂźt fĂĽnf neue Empfehlungen"
1062:
500:
Adolph Menzel 1815–1905. Das Labyrinth der Wirklichkeit
1007:"Adolph Menzel (1815–1905) | National Gallery, London"
955:
1717:. London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
1701:. London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
1572:
Claude Keisch and Marie Ursula Riemann-Reyher, eds.:
1556:
Adolph Menzel mit Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten
1607:. London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
1576:. London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
1538:
Adolph Menzel: Realist – Historist – Maler des Hofes
1529:. National-Galerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, 1955.
1520:
Adolph Menzel: Verzeichnis seines graphischen Werkes
319:
Illustrationen zu den Werken Friedrichs des Grossen
1870:Frederick the Great Playing the Flute at Sanssouci
1682:Masterworks in Berlin: A City's Paintings Reunited
1633:Adolph Menzel: Auf der Suche nach der Wirklichkeit
683:Frederick the Great Playing the Flute at Sanssouci
299:The Uniforms of the Army under Frederick the Great
295:Friedrichs der Grossen Armee in ihrer Uniformirung
158:, he was knighted in 1898 and changed his name to
1590:. Munich and Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2001.
1540:. Exhibition catalog. Schweinfurt: Weppert, 1981.
1257:"Heirs to Auction Nazi-Looted Art from Albertina"
1932:
1562:, vol. 361). Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1986.
576:lists numerous Menzel artworks on its website.
2006:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
199:Menzel was born to German parents in Breslau,
1807:
1484:"Lost Art Internet Database – Einfache Suche"
943:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 18 April 2017
655:The Bedroom of the Artist in the RitterstraĂźe
541:had purchased the pastel from the art dealer
1996:Burials at Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof I, Berlin
1659:
1551:. Exhibition catalog. Munich: Prestel, 1982.
1567:Adolph Menzel. Frideriziana und Wilhelmiana
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669:Study of a Man with a Ruff Collar, ca 1850
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1902:The Iron Rolling Mill (Modern Cyclopes)
1788:, with 73 library catalogue records
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187:The Iron Rolling Mill (Modern Cyclopes)
1933:
1522:. Berlin: Amsler & Ruthardt, 1923.
2001:Honorary members of the Royal Academy
1795:
1961:Artists from the Province of Silesia
1746:Menzel, Adolph Friedrich Erdmann von
1430:
1367:Hickley, Catherine (17 March 2020).
1315:Miller, Bartko Zankel Bunzel &.
1267:from the original on 4 December 2019
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908:
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640:Living Room with the Artist's Sister
1513:Adolf Menzel: Der Mensch, das Werk.
1149:
1032:"Adolf von Menzel | German painter"
892:
552:In 2017 Germany's Culture Minister
307:The Soldiers of Frederick the Great
140:Adolph Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel
13:
1569:. Dresden: Verlag der Kunst, 1987.
1464:from the original on 13 March 2017
1314:
1278:Theresienstadt concentration camp.
1140:
1119:I went to Bohemia!..." Keisch, 331
924:Adolf Menzel: Der Mensch, das Werk
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397:The Palace Garden of Prince Albert
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1642:. Berlin: Verlag Eisengold, 2015.
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342:scenes of everyday life, such as
309:); and finally, by order of King
280:Geschichte Friedrichs des Grossen
238:in the same manner to illustrate
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1232:"Armoury fantasy - Art Database"
846:, 1886, graphite on paperboard,
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1991:Prussian Academy of Arts alumni
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731:Students illuminated procession
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303:Soldaten Friedrichs der Grossen
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436:, Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin
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313:, he illustrated the works of
293:. He subsequently brought out
267:. Oil on paper, 46.8 Ă— 60 cm.
1:
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1619:Adolph Menzel: Leben und Werk
1543:Gisela Hopp, Eckhard Schaar,
1105:(Munich: Beck, 2004), p. 6-8.
1103:Adolph Menzel: Leben und Werk
1057:Technische Universität Berlin
261:
1583:. Regensburg: Roderer, 1998.
1431:Bert, Peter (6 March 2015).
176:
150:, and paintings. Along with
7:
558:Interior of a Gothic Church
432:1895 portrait of Menzel by
403:evidence associations with
146:artist noted for drawings,
10:
2027:
1854:The Berlin-Potsdam Railway
1626:Adolph Menzel radikal real
1192:"Menzel. Maler auf Papier"
1011:www.nationalgallery.org.uk
625:Building Site with Willows
593:
574:German Lost Art Foundation
391:, it is paintings such as
1912:
1862:Laying out the March Dead
1838:Falcon Attacking a Pigeon
1829:
1640:Menzel, Maler der Moderne
976:Cited in Hubertus Kohle,
699:Frederick II at Hochkirch
609:Falcon Attacking a Pigeon
194:
128:
123:
113:
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97:
71:
42:
37:Adolph von Menzel in 1900
30:
23:
16:German artist (1815–1905)
1986:19th-century war artists
1956:German untitled nobility
1775:Degas: The Artist's Mind
1614:. Cologne: DuMont, 2003.
854:
504:Menzel. Maler auf Papier
480:Order of the Black Eagle
365:. When invited to paint
1951:German history painters
1751:Encyclopædia Britannica
1711:Keisch, Claude, et al.
1628:. Munich: Hirmer, 2008.
1610:Jens Christian Jensen,
1597:. Berlin: Reimer, 2001.
1549:Menzel – der Beobachter
1515:Berlin: Cassirer, 1915.
1036:Encyclopedia Britannica
941:Encyclopædia Britannica
863:Menzel's tomb in Berlin
848:National Gallery of Art
844:Japanese Artist at Work
809:Fronleichnamsprozession
746:Coronation of Wilhelm I
494:Exhibitions (selection)
484:Académie des Beaux-Arts
864:
526:In 2014, the Menzel's
519:
518:Adolph Menzel in 1839.
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271:
217:Louis Friedrich Sachse
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152:Caspar David Friedrich
1635:. Munich: Beck, 2015.
1621:. Munich: Beck, 2004.
1560:Rowohlts Monographien
1534:Jens Christian Jensen
1506:Selected bibliography
1411:www.timesofisrael.com
1236:www.kunstdatenbank.at
1117:Anno 66 (post festum)
982:Deutscher Kunstverlag
862:
588:, Season 2 Episode 3.
517:
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331:
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232:Kunstlers Erdenwallen
213:Berlin Academy of Art
184:
1966:Artists from Wrocław
1946:German male painters
1624:Bernhard Maaz, ed.,
1263:. 9 September 2014.
980:(Munich and Berlin:
922:See Karl Scheffler,
450:Louis Edmond Duranty
360:The Market-place at
311:Frederick William IV
278:, to illustrate the
269:Hamburger Kunsthalle
258:Emilie Menzel Asleep
109:Painting and etching
1786:Library of Congress
535:Hans Lachmann-Mosse
418:Austro-Prussian War
413:Julius Meier-Graefe
315:Frederick the Great
286:Frederick the Great
1971:German war artists
1941:German printmakers
1684:. Bulfinch, 1996.
1593:Christina Grummt,
1373:The New York Times
1321:www.prnewswire.com
937:"Adolf von Menzel"
865:
829:At the Beer Garden
793:Supper at the Ball
562:Hildebrand Gurlitt
556:returned Menzel's
528:Stehende RĂĽstungen
520:
452:wrote of his art:
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367:The Coronation of
339:
272:
192:
1928:
1927:
1579:Michaela Diener,
1532:Ulrich Bischoff,
1458:www.lootedart.com
1347:www.lootedart.com
1295:www.lootedart.com
1170:Neues Deutschland
996:, pp. 146–7.
566:Cornelius Gurlitt
486:in Paris and the
393:The French Window
378:Otto von Bismarck
358:(1872–1875) and
356:Iron Rolling Mill
167:history paintings
160:Adolph von Menzel
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1846:The Balcony Room
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1525:Werner Schmidt,
1511:Karl Scheffler,
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1744:, ed. (1911). "
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