822:
203:. In the fourteenth Century Admirals were paid a respectable salary which was only granted because the position was viewed as substantially important. In addition the rank of admiral was only granted to men of high prestige within feudal hierarchy, most recipients of the office were usually knights but more often earls. The Admirals duties usually consisted of assembling fleets for naval expeditions undertaken by the monarch on campaign, maintaining order and discipline and supervising the work of the
31:
160:. From 28 April 1369 to 24 November 1377 there was no further appointments until the post was revived with the appointment of Michael, Lord Wingfield he held the office very briefly until December 1377 when it once again ceased. On 10 December 1386 it was revived again with the appointment of Richard FitzAlan,
563:
Blackstone's commentaries : with notes of reference to the constitution and laws, of the federal government of the United States, and of the
Commonwealth of Virginia; with an appendix to each volume, containing short tracts upon such subjects as appeared necessary to form a connected view of the
211:
In 1337 the first known record of the appointment of a "vice-admiral' was granted to a
Nicholas Ususmaris, a Genoese, he was made Vice-Admiral of the King's fleet of galleys, and all other ships of Aquitaine. However these appointments were few and far between. There was two further instances of the
223:
The second was the
Wardens of the Coast for each region who were responsible for the direction and co-ordination of the fleet, the equipping of boats and processing payments to sailors and superintendence of the Sea Guard Militia assigned to each coastal county. From the mid fourteenth century there
207:
for each region. On major military expeditions the
Admiral would go to sea with their fleets and accompany the overall Commander-in-Chief of both sea and land forces usually the King himself but sometimes a nobleman of higher rank than the admiral. Their role was to observe and direct naval battles
777:
Haydn, Joseph (1851). The Book of
Dignities: Containing Rolls of the Official Personages of the British Empire ... from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time ... Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the Foundation of Their Respective States; the Peerage of England and Great Britain ...
215:
Special assistants were appointed to handle two important sub-divisions of the admirals powers. The first was the admiral's lieutenant, or deputy, referred to as sub-admirals, who handled administrative and legal duties and each of these admirals had one and often retained more knowledge than the
198:
The naval defence of
England from the end of the 13th century was divided into regional commands or 'admiralties' until the end of the fourteenth Century. The appointment of an admiral was not regarded by the English government at the time as an honorary post subordinate to a military rank, their
216:
Admiral himself in relation to the sea and coastal communities. It would not be until the early 15th century that they would appointed on a more regular basis however they were referred to at this time as the admirals
Lieutenant-General this office eventually became known as the
646:
The Book of
Dignities: Containing Rolls of the Official Personages of the British Empire ... from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time ... Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the Foundation of Their Respective States; the Peerage of England and Great Britain
751:
Beatson, Robert (1788). A Political Index to the
Histories of Great Britain and Ireland: Or, A Complete Register of the Hereditary Honours, Public Offices, and Persons in Office, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. G. G. J. & J.
228:
sometimes referred to as
Admiral of the Fleet or Admiral of England and the Admiral of the North and West this tendency towards unifying regional naval authorities under one admiral eventually led to the creation of the office of the
164:
he held the post until 18 May 1389. There would be a further four appointments from May 1389 to April 1400 before the office ceased again. It was established for the final time on 23 December 1406 the command being given to
422:
A Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain and Ireland: Or, A Complete Register of the Hereditary Honours, Public Offices, and Persons in Office, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time
788:
208:
but not necessarily taking part in them, themselves. However, from 1344 onward their role was moving from primarily administrative role to that of a sea of a seagoing command.
1076:
212:
appointment of Vice-Admirals to Sir Thomas Drayton as Vice-Admiral of the Northern Fleet and Sir Peter Bard Vice-Admiral of the Western Fleet both on 28 July 1338.
173:, from 1408 until 1414. It was considered one the English Navy's most important Naval Commands from the mid-14th century until the beginning of the 15th century.
695:
818:
990:
1300:
722:
810:
588:
1372:
941:
766:
Everingham, Kimball G. ed. (2011). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. Douglas Richardson.
1255:
1128:
1367:
346:
268:
1310:
966:
755:
Durston, Gregory (2017). The Admiralty Sessions, 1536-1834: Maritime Crime and the Silver Oar. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
1108:
1103:
1066:
881:
668:
284:
876:
381:
225:
1362:
1138:
328:
312:
305:
298:
177:
166:
1341:
1133:
1113:
1153:
771:
760:
732:
705:
600:
571:
518:
493:
239:
who looked after all the navy's finances whilst victualling of the navy was handled by another one of King's Clerks.
1025:
1061:
856:
803:
335:
181:
170:
1199:
1184:
1174:
971:
961:
951:
911:
199:
importance attached to their office can be confirmed by the recording of their allowances paid recorded in the
1275:
1179:
1000:
886:
846:
188:
was granted in 1303. By 1344 it was only used as a rank at sea for a captain in charge of a fleet or fleets.
1239:
1209:
1118:
1082:
946:
931:
906:
851:
841:
236:
148:
The origins of the office Admiral of the North and West dates back to 7 July 1364 with appointment of Sir
921:
217:
124:. The post holder was Commander-in-Chief of the English navy's North and Western Fleets operating in the
1224:
1219:
1005:
985:
956:
796:
361:
1305:
1265:
1169:
1148:
1071:
891:
121:
458:
1315:
1189:
896:
200:
48:
651:
426:
1088:
230:
1330:
1214:
1204:
224:
was a move to centralise these regional naval authorities as seen with the appointment of the
1336:
1320:
1123:
1143:
1098:
1045:
1030:
1010:
861:
376:
366:
8:
1270:
1234:
1040:
1035:
371:
252:
149:
96:
644:
420:
978:
936:
68:
58:
1280:
1260:
767:
756:
728:
701:
596:
567:
566:(5 ed.). Clark, New Jersey, United States: Lawbook Exchange Ltd. p. xxxii.
514:
489:
38:
1020:
871:
669:"ROCHES, Sir John (c.1333-1400), of Bromham, Wilts. | History of Parliament Online"
629:
625:
697:
Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011
1325:
1295:
204:
161:
129:
74:
1290:
1229:
1194:
1093:
821:
82:
1356:
1285:
995:
926:
866:
484:
Rodger, N.A.M. (1997). "Captains and Admirals: Social History 1204 to 1455".
445:
A History of the Royal Navy, from the Earliest Times to the Wars of the Roses
185:
184:
both retained the title for life. The first royal commission as Admiral to a
486:
The safeguard of the sea : a naval history of Britain. Vol 1., 660-1649
156:. The office was styled by different names from its establishment such as
901:
291:
916:
827:
133:
125:
724:
The Admiralty Sessions, 1536-1834: Maritime Crime and the Silver Oar
781:
Houbraken, Jacobus; Thoyras, Paul de Rapin; Vertue, George (1747).
137:
30:
509:
Bell, Adrian R.; Curry, Anne; King, Andy; Simpkin, David (2013).
465:. National Museum of the Royal New Zealand Navy. 10 November 2015
783:
The History of England, A List of Admirals of England, 1228-1745
338:— 21 September 1408 - 3 June 1414, (was bestowed title for life)
308:— 9 May 1398 - 15 November 1399. (was bestowed title for life)
616:
Blomfield, R. Massie (January 1912). "Naval Executive Ranks".
564:
laws of Virginia as a member of the federal union. Vol. 1
345:
The office was amalgamated into a single office of the
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
508:
226:
Admiral of the Southern, Northern and Western fleets
595:. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press. p. 82.
527:
242:
1354:
235:The Admirals were logistically supported by the
650:Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp.
1163:Baltic, Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas
347:High Admiral of England, Ireland and Aquitaine
1301:Senior British Naval Officer, Suez Canal Area
804:
551:National Museum of the Royal New Zealand Navy
299:Edward, Earl of Rutland and Duke of Abermarle
727:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 4.
656:Sir Nicholas Tamworth, Admiral of the North.
675:. The History of Parliament Trust 1964-2017
24:Office of the Admiral of the North and West
826:Historic fleets and naval commands of the
811:
797:
693:
561:Tucker, St George (2004). "Introduction".
615:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
1256:Commodore, Arabian Seas and Persian Gulf
1249:Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean
835:North and Irish Seas and English Channel
720:
442:
425:. G. G. J. & J. Robinson. pp.
418:
120:was a former senior appointment of the
118:Admiral of the North and Western Fleets
1355:
586:
560:
483:
399:
158:Admiral of the North and West Stations
792:
778:Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
642:
511:The Soldier in Later Medieval England
488:. London: Penguin. pp. 131–142.
443:Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris (1847).
285:Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel
271:— 24 November 1377 - 5 December 1377.
253:Ralph de Spigurnell, Baron Spigurnell
694:Everingham, Kimball G., ed. (2011).
593:Roles of the Sea in Medieval England
700:. Douglas Richardson. p. 349.
329:John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
315:— 15 November 1399 - 21 April 1400.
313:Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester
306:John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
178:John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
167:John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
13:
513:. Oxford: OUP Oxford. p. 45.
459:"History of Naval Ranks and Rates"
169:. The last Commander-in-Chief was
73:Subject to formal approval by the
14:
1384:
1373:1414 disestablishments in England
1154:Senior Naval Officer, West Indies
287:— 10 December 1386 - 18 May 1389.
154:Admiral of the North and West Sea
1129:South Atlantic and South America
820:
431:John de Norwich English Admiral.
331:— 23 December 1406 - 8 May 1407.
301:— 29 November 1391 - 9 May 1397.
29:
714:
687:
661:
636:
609:
447:. Richard Bentley. p. 529.
336:Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset
182:Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset
176:Two of the office holders Sir
171:Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset
1368:1363 establishments in England
630:10.1080/00253359.1912.10654589
580:
554:
545:
502:
477:
451:
436:
255:— 7 July 1364 - 28 April 1369.
243:Admirals of the North and West
87:Not fixed , (usually for life)
1:
1261:Commander-in-Chief, Australia
1225:Levant and East Mediterranean
1109:North America and West Indies
1067:Barbadoes and Leeward Islands
1001:Channel Squadron (Navy Royal)
673:historyofparliamentonline.org
387:
294:— 21 May 1389 - 22 June 1389
114:Admiral of the North and West
1210:British Naval Forces Germany
907:British Naval Forces Germany
7:
1139:South East Coast of America
355:
218:Lieutenant of the Admiralty
10:
1389:
1363:Admirals of the Royal Navy
362:Admiral of the Narrow Seas
143:
1266:Commander-in-Chief, China
1248:
1162:
1149:Flag Officer, West Africa
1054:
834:
721:Durston, Gregory (2017).
382:Admiral of all the Fleets
237:Clerk of the King's Ships
102:
91:
81:
64:
54:
44:
37:
28:
23:
1316:New Zealand Naval Forces
897:Commander-in-Chief Fleet
587:Gorski, Richard (2012).
419:Beatson, Robert (1788).
201:Calendar of Patent Rolls
49:Privy Council of England
39:Admiralty North and West
16:Former English Navy post
269:Michael, Lord Wingfield
231:Lord-Admiral of England
1331:Red Sea and Canal Area
643:Haydn, Joseph (1851).
1337:South America Station
1276:East Indies and China
1200:Eastern Mediterranean
1185:Black Sea and Caspian
1124:South America Station
942:Orkneys and Shetlands
1144:West Africa Squadron
862:Battle Cruiser Fleet
785:. J. and P. Knapton.
618:The Mariner's Mirror
463:www.navymuseum.co.nz
377:Admiral of the South
367:Admiral of the North
152:, originally styled
1235:Mediterranean Fleet
372:Admiral of the West
150:Ralph de Spigurnell
140:from 1364 to 1414.
97:Ralph de Spigurnell
1036:West and Irish Sea
979:Naval Home Command
967:Western Approaches
937:North Sea Squadron
542:Rodger pp. 131-142
69:Monarch of England
59:Monarch of England
1350:
1349:
1296:Egypt and Red Sea
1281:East Indies Fleet
1205:Egypt and Red Sea
882:Coast of Scotland
304:High Admiral Sir
110:
109:
77:
1380:
1077:Jamaica Division
1021:Western Squadron
877:Coast of Ireland
872:Channel Squadron
825:
824:
813:
806:
799:
790:
789:
739:
738:
718:
712:
711:
691:
685:
684:
682:
680:
665:
659:
658:
640:
634:
633:
613:
607:
606:
584:
578:
577:
558:
552:
549:
543:
540:
525:
524:
506:
500:
499:
481:
475:
474:
472:
470:
455:
449:
448:
440:
434:
433:
416:
205:Admiralty Courts
92:Inaugural holder
72:
33:
21:
20:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1326:Pacific Station
1244:
1158:
1089:Leeward Islands
1083:Jamaica Station
1050:
1026:North Sea Fleet
991:English Channel
830:
819:
817:
743:
742:
735:
719:
715:
708:
692:
688:
678:
676:
667:
666:
662:
641:
637:
614:
610:
603:
585:
581:
574:
559:
555:
550:
546:
541:
528:
521:
507:
503:
496:
482:
478:
468:
466:
457:
456:
452:
441:
437:
417:
400:
390:
358:
321:No appointments
277:No appointments
261:No appointments
245:
162:Earl of Arundel
146:
132:, the Southern
130:English Channel
75:King-in-Council
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:Far East Fleet
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:Coast of Spain
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1134:South Atlantic
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1114:North Atlantic
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1062:Atlantic Fleet
1058:
1056:
1055:Atlantic Ocean
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:North and West
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
982:
981:
975:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
922:Irish Squadron
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
857:Atlantic Fleet
854:
849:
844:
838:
836:
832:
831:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
787:
786:
779:
775:
764:
753:
741:
740:
733:
713:
706:
686:
660:
635:
624:(4): 106–112.
608:
601:
589:"The Admirals"
579:
572:
553:
544:
526:
519:
501:
494:
476:
450:
435:
397:
396:
389:
386:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
357:
354:
353:
352:
340:
339:
332:
324:
323:
317:
316:
309:
302:
295:
288:
280:
279:
273:
272:
264:
263:
257:
256:
244:
241:
196:
195:
145:
142:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
93:
89:
88:
85:
79:
78:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1385:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:Pacific Fleet
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:Eastern Fleet
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:North America
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
980:
977:
976:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:Reserve Fleet
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
867:Channel Fleet
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
837:
833:
829:
823:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
795:
794:
791:
784:
780:
776:
773:
772:9781461045137
769:
765:
762:
761:9781443873611
758:
754:
750:
749:
748:
747:
736:
734:9781443873611
730:
726:
725:
717:
709:
707:9781461045137
703:
699:
698:
690:
674:
670:
664:
657:
653:
649:
648:
639:
631:
627:
623:
619:
612:
604:
602:9781843837015
598:
594:
590:
583:
575:
573:9781886363168
569:
565:
557:
548:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
522:
520:9780199680825
516:
512:
505:
497:
495:9780140297249
491:
487:
480:
464:
460:
454:
446:
439:
432:
428:
424:
423:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
398:
395:
394:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
350:
348:
342:
341:
337:
333:
330:
326:
325:
322:
319:
318:
314:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:High Admiral
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
281:
278:
275:
274:
270:
266:
265:
262:
259:
258:
254:
250:
249:
248:
240:
238:
233:
232:
227:
221:
219:
213:
209:
206:
202:
194:
193:Rank and Role
191:
190:
189:
187:
186:naval officer
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
84:
80:
76:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1342:Persian Gulf
1180:Baltic Fleet
1099:Newfoundland
1015:
847:Second Fleet
782:
745:
744:
723:
716:
696:
689:
677:. Retrieved
672:
663:
655:
645:
638:
621:
617:
611:
592:
582:
562:
556:
547:
510:
504:
485:
479:
467:. Retrieved
462:
453:
444:
438:
430:
421:
392:
391:
344:
334:Admiral Sir
327:Admiral Sir
320:
311:Admiral Sir
290:Admiral Sir
276:
260:
251:Admiral Sir
246:
234:
222:
214:
210:
197:
192:
175:
157:
153:
147:
122:English Navy
117:
113:
111:
95:Admiral Sir
18:
1311:New Zealand
1306:Middle East
1271:East Indies
1079:(1838-1905)
1006:Narrow Seas
902:Grand Fleet
852:Third Fleet
842:First Fleet
469:13 February
292:John Roches
83:Term length
1357:Categories
952:Portsmouth
917:Home Fleet
828:Royal Navy
388:References
247:Includes:
45:Reports to
1215:Gibraltar
1085:(to 1830)
1072:Good Hope
887:Devonport
752:Robinson.
679:26 August
393:Citations
134:Irish Sea
126:North Sea
106:1364-1414
103:Formation
65:Appointer
55:Nominator
1333:/Red Sea
1240:Portugal
1170:Adriatic
1119:Portugal
1046:Yarmouth
947:Plymouth
356:See also
283:Admiral
267:Admiral
138:Atlantic
1190:Caspian
986:Eastern
972:Western
746:Sources
349:in 1414
144:History
1220:Levant
1175:Aegean
1094:Lisbon
957:Rosyth
912:Humber
770:
759:
731:
704:
654:–155.
599:
570:
517:
492:
429:–263.
343:Note:
128:, the
1230:Malta
1031:South
1011:North
996:Downs
927:Leith
892:Dover
1041:West
932:Nore
768:ISBN
757:ISBN
729:ISBN
702:ISBN
681:2017
597:ISBN
568:ISBN
515:ISBN
490:ISBN
471:2019
180:and
136:and
112:The
652:151
647:...
626:doi
427:259
116:or
1359::
671:.
620:.
591:.
529:^
461:.
401:^
220:.
812:e
805:t
798:v
774:.
763:.
737:.
710:.
683:.
632:.
628::
622:2
605:.
576:.
523:.
498:.
473:.
351:.
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