188:
referred to at this time as the admiral's
Lieutenant-General; this office eventually became known as the Lieutenant of the Admiralty. The second was the Wardens of the Coast for each region who were responsible for the direction and coordination of the fleet, the equipping of boats and processing payments to sailors and superintendence of the Sea Guard Militia assigned to each coastal county. From the mid-fourteenth century there was a move to centralise these regional naval authorities as seen with the appointment of the Admiral of the Southern, Northern and Western fleets sometimes referred to as Admiral of the Fleet or Admiral of England and the
31:
153:. In the fourteenth century, admirals were paid a respectable salary which was only granted because the position was viewed as substantially important. In addition, the rank of admiral was only granted to men of high prestige within feudal hierarchy: most recipients of the office were at least knights and were more often earls.
507:
Blackstone's commentaries: with notes of reference to the constitution and laws, of the federal government of the United States, and of the
Commonwealth of Virginia; with an appendix to each volume, containing short tracts upon such subjects as appeared necessary to form a connected view of the laws
472:
Blackstone's commentaries: with notes of reference to the constitution and laws, of the federal government of the United States, and of the
Commonwealth of Virginia; with an appendix to each volume, containing short tracts upon such subjects as appeared necessary to form a connected view of the laws
179:
for each region. On major military expeditions the admiral would go to sea with their fleets and accompany the overall
Commander-in-Chief of both sea and land forces–usually the King himself but sometimes a nobleman of higher rank than the admiral. The admiral's role was to observe and direct naval
696:
St. George Tucker. Vol. (1996). Blackstone's commentaries: with notes of reference to the constitution and laws, of the federal government of the United States, and of the
Commonwealth of Virginia; with an appendix to each volume, containing short tracts upon such subjects as appeared necessary to
187:
Special assistants were appointed to handle two important sub-divisions of the admiral's powers. The first was the admiral's lieutenant, or deputy, who handled administrative and legal duties and each of these admirals had one. In the early 15th century they were appointed on a more regular basis,
183:
In 1337 the first known record of the appointment of a "vice-admiral' was granted to a
Nicholas Ususmaris, a Genoese, who was made Vice-Admiral of the King's fleet of galleys, and all other ships of Aquitaine. These appointments were few and far between. There was two further instances of the
144:
was granted in 1303. From 1328, the
Admiralty of the South, its units, formations and staff, were merged with the Admiralty of the North until the end of the fourteenth century. By 1344 the appointment of an admiral was only used as a rank at sea for a captain in charge of a fleet or fleets.
148:
The appointment of an admiral was not regarded by the
English government at the time as an honorary post subordinate to a military rank. The importance attached to their office can be confirmed by their allowances, recorded in the
697:
form a connected view of the laws of
Virginia as a member of the federal union (Originally published: Philadelphia : William Young Birch, and Abraham Small, 1803. ed.). Union, NJ: Lawbook Exchange.
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The admiral's duties usually consisted of assembling fleets for naval expeditions undertaken by the monarch on campaign, maintaining order and discipline and supervising the work of the
559:
297:
708:
Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). "Admirals and
Officials: English Admirals 1295 to 1408". The safeguard of the sea : a naval history of Britain from 660 to 1649. New York: W.W. Norton.
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appointment of Vice-Admirals to Sir Thomas Drayton as Vice-Admiral of the Northern Fleet and Sir Peter Bard Vice-Admiral of the Western Fleet, both on 28 July 1338.
180:
battles but not necessarily take part in them themselves. From 1344 onward their role was moving from primarily an administrative one to that of a seagoing command.
475:. Vol. 1 (Originally published: Philadelphia : William Young Birch, and Abraham Small, 1803. ed.). Union, NJ: Lawbook Exchange. p. xxxiii.
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88:
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168:, formally 'Admiral of the King's Southern, Northern and Western Fleets' giving him sole command of the English Navy, effectively
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192:. This tendency toward unifying regional naval authorities under one admiral eventually led to the creation of the office of the
718:
Twiss, Travers (2012). The Black Book of the Admiralty: With an Appendix. Cambridge, England. Cambridge University Press.
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128:
From the end of the 13th century, the naval defence of England was divided into regional commands or 'admiralties' the
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who looked after all the navy's finances whilst victualling of the navy was handled by another one of King's Clerks.
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685:
Mangone, Gerard J. (1997). United States Admiralty Law. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
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Clowes, Sir William Laird; Clowes, William Laird; Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1996).
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510:(5 ed.). Clark, New Jersey, United States: Lawbook Exchange Ltd. p. xxxii.
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227:
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Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). "Admirals and Officials: English Admirals 1295 to 1408".
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Rodger, N.A.M. (1997). "Captains and Admirals: Social History 1204 to 1455".
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The safeguard of the sea : a naval history of Britain. Vol 1., 660-1649
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The safeguard of the sea : a naval history of Britain from 660 to 1649
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appointment and Commander-in-Chief of the English Navy from 1360 to 1369.
622:
Houbraken, Jacobus; Thoyras, Paul de Rapin; Vertue, George (1747).
566:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiii.
30:
401:
Bell, Adrian R.; Curry, Anne; King, Andy; Simpkin, David (2013).
382:. National Museum of the Royal New Zealand Navy. 10 November 2015
646:
The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present
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The History of England, A List of Admirals of England, 1228-1745
329:. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 15.
172:. Two further post holders would succeed Sir John de Beauchamp.
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Blomfield, R. Massie (January 1912). "Naval Executive Ranks".
617:
615:
110:
Admiral of the King's Southern, Northern and Western Fleets
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675:(1747). "A List of Admirals of England, 1228–1745".
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of Virginia as a member of the federal union. Vol. 1
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224:, 18 July 1360 – 2 December 1360. (died in office).
234:Admiral of all the Fleets: Sir Ralph de Spigurnell
230:, 2 December 1360 - 7 July 1364. (died in office)
24:Office of the Admiral of the South, North and West
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299:The Black Book of the Admiralty: With an Appendix
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222:Admiral of all the Fleets: Sir John de Beauchamp
198:The admirals were logistically supported by the
89:Admiral of all the Fleets, Sir John de Beauchamp
302:. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiii.
228:Admiral of all the Fleets: Sir Robert de Herle
580:
495:National Museum of the Royal New Zealand Navy
236:, July 1364 - 1369 (retained title for life)
140:. The first royal commission as Admiral to a
16:Former senior appointment in the English Navy
473:of Virginia as a member of the federal union
598:. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 504–505.
505:Tucker, St George (2004). "Introduction".
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114:Admiral of all the Fleets about England
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628:. J. and P. Knapton. pp. 271–273.
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403:The Soldier in Later Medieval England
354:. London: Penguin. pp. 131–142.
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106:Admiral of the South, North and West
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405:. Oxford: OUP Oxford. p. 45.
376:"History of Naval Ranks and Rates"
66:Subject to formal approval by the
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750:1369 disestablishments in England
210:Post holders include:
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681:. London: J. and P. Knapton.
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272:Lord High Admiral of England
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326:United States Admiralty Law
323:Mangone, Gerard J. (1997).
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740:Admirals of the Royal Navy
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470:St. George Tucker (1996).
247:Admiral of the Narrow Seas
215:Admirals of all the Fleets
158:King Edward III of England
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451:. National Archives, 2017
200:Clerk of the King's Ships
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649:. Newbury: Chatham Pub.
151:Calendar of Patent Rolls
42:Privy Council of England
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296:Twiss, Travers (2012).
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194:Lord-Admiral of England
678:The History of England
669:Rapin-Thoyras, Paul de
162:Sir John de Beauchamp
533:The Mariner's Mirror
380:www.navymuseum.co.nz
262:Admiral of the South
252:Admiral of the North
170:Admiral of the Fleet
134:Admiral of the South
130:Admiral of the North
267:Admiral of the West
138:Admiral of the West
665:Houbraken, Jacobus
434:Rodger pp. 131-142
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62:Monarch of England
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38:Reports to
283:Footnotes
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95:Formation
58:Appointer
48:Nominator
241:See also
136:and the
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124:History
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
