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Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan

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785: 898: 745:. The wind was blowing straight on shore, and though the Dutch forming their line to the north preserved a bold front, it was clear that if the attack was not made promptly they would speedily get into shoal water, where no attack would be possible. Duncan at once realised the necessity of cutting off their retreat by getting between them and the land. At first, he was anxious to bring up his fleet in a compact body, for his numbers were at best equal to those of the Dutch; but seeing the absolute necessity of immediate action, without waiting for the ships astern to come up, without waiting to form line of battle, and with the fleet in very irregular order of sailing, in two groups, led respectively by himself in 33: 277: 838: 964: 1025: 663: 889:, a fellow Royal Navy officer, on 4 October 1804, including a newspaper with the account of Duncan's death, "There is no man who more sincerely laments the heavy loss you have sustained than myself; but the name of Duncan will never be forgot by Britain, and in particular by its navy, in which service the remembrance of your worthy father will, I am sure, grow up in you. I am sorry not to have a good sloop to give you, but still an opening offers which I think will insure your confirmation as a commander". 446:, a hired vessel employed in petty convoy service with a miscellaneous ship's company, consisting to a large extent of boys and foreigners, many of whom (he reported) could not speak English, and all impressed with the idea that as they had been engaged by the merchants from whom the ship was hired they were not subject to naval discipline. It would seem that a misunderstanding with the merchants on this point was the cause of the ship's being put out of commission after a few months. 772:; and on this occasion, as on the former, was crowned with complete success. The engagement was long and bloody; for though Duncan, by passing through the enemy's line, had prevented their untimely retreat, he had not advanced further in tactical science, and the battle was fought out on the primitive principles of ship against ship, the advantage remaining with those who were the better trained to the great gun exercise, though the Dutch inflicted great loss on the Royal navy. 1495: 737:, from whom he received early information of the Dutch being at sea. He at once weighed anchor, and with a fair wind approached the Dutch coast, saw that the fleet was not returned to the Texel, and steering towards the south sighted it on the morning of 11 October about seven miles from the shore and nearly halfway between the villages of 1014:
On the dexter side an Angel, mantle purpure; on the head a celestial crown; the right hand supporting an anchor proper; in the left a palm branch Or. On the sinister a sailor, habited and armed proper; his left hand supporting a staff, thereon hoisted a flag azure; the Dutch colours, wreathed about
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Duncan was of size and strength almost gigantic. He is described as 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) in height, and of corresponding breadth. When a young lieutenant walking through the streets of Chatham, his grand figure and handsome face attracted crowds of admirers, and to the last he is
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It had been proposed to De Winter to make up for the want of skill by firing shell from the lower deck guns, and some experiments had been made during the summer which showed that the idea was feasible. However, want of familiarity with an arm so new and so dangerous presumably prevented its being
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Report says my nephew is only made a Viscount. Myself it is nothing, but the whole nation thinks the least you can do is to give him an English earldom. … Am sure were this properly represented to our good king, who esteems a brave, religious man like himself, would be of my opinion.
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The news of the victory was received in Britain with the warmest enthusiasm. It was the first certain sign that the mutinies of the summer had not destroyed the power and the prestige of the Royal Navy. Duncan was at once (21 October) raised to the peerage as
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Pendant by a ribbon argent and azure from a naval crown or a gold medal thereon two figures the emblems of Victory and Britannia; Victory alighting on the prow of an antique vessel, crowning Britannia with a wreath of laurel; and below the word
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During the first two years of Duncan's command, the work was limited to enforcing a rigid blockade of the enemy's coast, but in the spring of 1797, it became more important from the knowledge that the Dutch fleet in the
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Duncan continued in command of the North Sea fleet until 1801, but without any further opportunity of distinction. Three years later, 4 August 1804, he died quite suddenly, aged seventy-three, at the inn at
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on 6 June 1777. It would seem that his alliance with this influential family obtained him the employment which he had been vainly seeking during fifteen years. Towards the end of 1778, he was appointed to
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broke out also amongst the crews under Duncan, and kept him for some weeks in enforced inactivity. Duncan's personal influence and some happy displays of his vast personal strength held the crew of
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for failure to obey orders during the same battle. The court-martial was set for April. The day before the assembling of the court the admiralty sent down orders for
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Fortunately, the Dutch were not at the time ready for sea; and when they were ready and anxious to sail, with thirty thousand troops, for the invasion of
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harbour when the signal for the court-martial was made; so that, sorely against the wishes of the admiralty, Duncan sat on this court-martial also.
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in Dundee), and there was a strong feeling that the reward was inadequate. Even as early as 18 October his aunt, Lady Mary Duncan, wrote to
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A first rate ship of war, with masts broken, rigging torn and in disorder, floating on the sea, all proper and over, the motto "Disce Pati"
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Duncan Street in Leeds town centre is named after him. The pub on this street honours him with its name and many pictures and paintings.
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in August 1762. He returned to Britain in 1763, and, notwithstanding his repeated request, had no further employment for many years.
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and an annual pension of £3,000, to himself and the next two heirs to his title – this was the biggest pension ever awarded by the
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A statue of Duncan was erected in 1997 in his birthplace, Dundee, on the corner of High Street and Commercial Street.
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A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England, Ireland and Scotland
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Naval Chronicle, Volume 4, London, 1801, edited by James Stanier Clarke, John Jones, Stephen Jones,
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of Dundee, and his wife (and first cousin once removed) Helen, daughter of John Haldane of
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on 11 October 1797. This victory is considered one of the most significant actions in
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Rampant Scotland - Famous Scots - Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Camperdown (1731–1804)
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Early London County Courts : a brief account of their history and buildings
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Gules, two cinquefoils in chief and a bugle horn in base argent stringed azure
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Crimmin, P. K. (January 2008) . "Duncan, Adam, Viscount Duncan (1731–1804)".
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in Soho, London, a gay pub that was the scene of a terrorist bombing in 1999.
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Statue of Adam Duncan, Viscount Duncan, Scottish National Portrait Gallery
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was therefore desirous that he should not sit on the court-martial of Sir
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who served under him several times and rose to the rank of Rear Admiral.
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revictualling, the Texel being watched by a small squadron under Captain
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A statue by Westmacott, erected at the public expense, is in St. Paul's.
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of 90 guns, and commanded her during the year in the Grand Fleet under
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for three years. He attained flag rank on 24 September 1787, became
1498: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 1359: 971: 917:. On 6 June 1777 Duncan married Henrietta (1749–1832), daughter of 901:
The grave of Admiral Duncan's family, Canongate Kirkyard, Edinburgh
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Duncan, with the main body of the fleet, was at the time lying at
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Duncan speaks to his crew to persuade them not to join the mutiny
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It was a bold departure from the absolute rule laid down in the
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launched in 2010, referencing the arms of 1st Viscount Duncan
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Histoire de la Marine Française sous la première République
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Duncan Terrace in Islington, London N1 was named after him.
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the middle of the staff. Motto: "Secundis Dubiisque Rectus"
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still new, though warranted by the more formal example of
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Several public houses are named after him, including the
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on 16 January 1780. On returning to Britain, Duncan quit
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Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
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Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
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Heraldic Particulars relative to Lord Viscount Duncan
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to their duty; but with one other exception, that of
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Considerations on the Principles of Naval Discipline
442:From October 1759 to April 1760, he had command of 569:; in December was one of the squadrons with which 500:, from which he was almost immediately moved into 678:The situation was one of extreme difficulty, for 1693: 1599:Taynet - Admiral Lord Duncan, Hero of Camperdown 637:1 June 1795. In February 1795, he was appointed 708:alone to keep up the pretence of the blockade. 696:, the ships refused to quit their anchorage at 1328:, p. 161 cites Nelson Despatches vi. 216. 1300:p. 453: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909. 439:, from which his promotion just excluded him. 349:, under Captain Robert Haldane, with whom, in 318:Adam was the second son of Alexander Duncan, 1752:Peers of Great Britain created by George III 1742:Royal Navy personnel of the Seven Years' War 1712:People educated at the High School of Dundee 1604:Gazetteer for Scotland - Admiral Adam Duncan 1573:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 986:The paternal arms of the 1st Viscount were: 334:. In 1746, after receiving his education in 809:, at that time secretary of state for war: 651: 510:In January 1779, he sat as a member of the 1337: 480:During this time, he lived principally at 464:. In her he had an important share in the 31: 1747:Viscounts in the Peerage of Great Britain 947:Henrietta and her children are buried in 1503: 1449: 1421:. : Anthony Bradbury. 2010. p. 61. 1354: 1338:Burke, John; Burke, Sir Bernard (1841). 1325: 1309: 1284: 1265: 1249: 1233: 1217: 1201: 1189: 1166: 1150: 1138: 1023: 970: 962: 896: 836: 783: 661: 435:in 1759, up to within two months of the 275: 1570:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1566: 1395:Naval Chronicle, Volume 4, London, 1801 370:, then commissioned for service in the 1694: 407:In August 1755, he followed Keppel to 1405:For image of heraldic achievement see 682:which had paralysed the fleet at the 633:1 February 1793, and was promoted to 484:, and married Henrietta, daughter of 1611:1800, J. Gold, London. (reissued by 841:Grave of Admiral Duncan, Lundie Kirk 530:, or in perversions of answers. The 403:Great Britain in the Seven Years War 1296:"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral" 1084:The Galapagos island, now known as 921:of Arniston, Lord President of the 488:of Arniston, Lord President of the 389:, and was confirmed in the rank of 13: 1560: 1252:, pp. 160–161 cites Arniston 940:His sister Margaret was mother to 879:spoken of as singularly handsome. 866:There is a memorial to him within 396: 14: 1763: 933:, died a captain in the navy and 1515:Dictionary of National Biography 1493: 641:, and hoisted his flag on board 618:, and after the peace commanded 518:for the poor performance of the 431:in 1758, and in the blockade of 292:Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan 1443: 1409: 1398: 1389: 1374: 1348: 1331: 1319: 1303: 1290: 1220:, p. 160 cites Chevalier, 967:Arms of the 1st Viscount Duncan 581:, and had a prominent share in 1717:Military personnel from Dundee 1545:Naval History of Great Britain 1312:, p. 161 cites Colburn's 1243: 1227: 1211: 1195: 1144: 1040:Several ships have been named 1019: 608:. He afterwards succeeded Sir 1: 1643:Commander-in-Chief, North Sea 1609:The Naval Chronicle, Volume 4 1504:Laughton, John Knox (1888). " 1482: 909:, physician-extraordinary to 639:Commander-in-Chief, North Sea 1587:UK public library membership 873: 854:(ib. 252) and was buried in 475: 7: 1453:The dictionary of pub names 1361:"Tait, James Haldane"  958: 861: 675:was getting ready for sea. 593:. He was then appointed to 591:first lord of the admiralty 557:During the summer of 1779, 16:British admiral (1731–1804) 10: 1768: 1613:Cambridge University Press 1107:Duncan's Cove, Nova Scotia 779: 655: 583:the action off St. Vincent 400: 232:Battle of Cape St. Vincent 222:American Revolutionary War 1680: 1671: 1666: 1659: 1649: 1640: 1634: 1629: 892: 413:, and in January 1756 to 264: 244:French Revolutionary Wars 182: 123: 113: 105: 93: 83: 66: 46: 30: 23: 1661:Peerage of Great Britain 1450:Rothwell, David (2006). 1112: 832: 776:acted on in the battle. 652:In action with the Dutch 1552:Life of Viscount Keppel 1064:The Dundee Unit of the 885:wrote to Duncan's son, 817:Duncan was awarded the 460:, fitting for Keppel's 322:, Angus, (d. May 1777) 313: 280:Admiral Adam Duncan by 1036: 996:augmentation of honour 983: 968: 902: 842: 819:Large Naval Gold Medal 789: 762:Fighting Instructions, 667: 524:First Battle of Ushant 466:reduction of Belle Île 437:Battle of Quiberon Bay 285: 237:Battle of Cape Spartel 1684:Robert Haldane-Duncan 1579:10.1093/ref:odnb/8211 1547:(edit. 1860), ii. 74; 1367:Royal Naval Biography 1157:, 8vo, 1781, p. 106n. 1027: 1009:("learn to suffer"). 974: 966: 900: 840: 797:, of Camperdown, and 787: 665: 468:in June 1761, and of 279: 106:Years of service 1722:Nobility from Dundee 1314:New Monthly Magazine 1236:, p. 160 cites 1204:, p. 160 cites 1153:, p. 159 cites 1034:St. Paul's Cathedral 955:east of the church. 658:Battle of Camperdown 561:was attached to the 393:on 10 January 1755. 282:Henri-Pierre Danloux 249:Battle of Camperdown 210:Capture of Belle Île 1727:Royal Navy admirals 1316:, 1836, xlvii. 466. 1268:, pp. 160–161. 1169:, pp. 159–160. 905:Duncan's uncle was 868:St Paul's Cathedral 25:The Viscount Duncan 1538:Biographia Navalis 1238:Life of Wolfe Tone 1206:Life of Wolfe Tone 1100:Admiral Duncan pub 1037: 1030:Richard Westmacott 984: 969: 949:Canongate Kirkyard 942:James Haldane Tait 929:; the second son, 927:Earl of Camperdown 907:Sir William Duncan 903: 843: 823:British government 790: 668: 429:reduction of Gorée 356:and afterwards in 286: 227:Siege of Gibraltar 1690: 1689: 1681:Succeeded by 1653:Archibald Dickson 1650:Succeeded by 1630:Military offices 1621:978-1-108-01843-2 1585:(Subscription or 1428:978-0-9566442-0-6 913:and first of the 749:and Vice-admiral 528:leading questions 338:, he entered the 330:. He was born at 274: 273: 195:Raid on Rochefort 77:Cornhill-on-Tweed 1759: 1647:1795–1800 1635:Preceded by 1627: 1626: 1590: 1582: 1519: 1497: 1496: 1476: 1475: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1413: 1407: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1387: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1363: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1307: 1301: 1294: 1288: 1282: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1247: 1241: 1231: 1225: 1215: 1209: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1148: 1142: 1136: 1032:in the crypt of 980:HMS Duncan (D37) 923:Court of Session 858:west of Dundee. 625:as guardship at 565:fleet under Sir 490:Court of Session 427:in 1757, at the 385:on the coast of 269:Naval Gold Medal 205:Capture of Gorée 190:Seven Years' War 95: 73: 56: 54: 35: 21: 20: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1677: 1674:Viscount Duncan 1655: 1646: 1638: 1584: 1563: 1561:Further reading 1531:Naval Chronicle 1525:Naval Biography 1510:Stephen, Leslie 1494: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1464: 1448: 1444: 1429: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1379: 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1104: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1090:Duncan Island 1087: 1086:Pinzón Island 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1008: 1003: 1002: 997: 993: 989: 981: 977: 973: 965: 956: 954: 950: 945: 943: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919:Robert Dundas 916: 912: 908: 899: 890: 888: 884: 880: 871: 869: 859: 857: 853: 849: 839: 830: 828: 824: 820: 815: 813: 808: 804: 800: 796: 786: 777: 773: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 735: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 694: 689: 685: 681: 676: 674: 664: 659: 649: 647: 646: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 623: 617: 616: 611: 607: 603: 599: 598: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 567:Charles Hardy 564: 560: 555: 553: 550:was still in 549: 545: 541: 537: 536:Hugh Palliser 533: 529: 525: 521: 520:Channel Fleet 517: 513: 512:court-martial 508: 506: 505: 499: 498: 491: 487: 486:Robert Dundas 483: 473: 471: 467: 463: 462:broad pennant 459: 458: 452: 447: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 417: 412: 411: 404: 394: 392: 388: 387:North America 384: 383: 377: 373: 372:Mediterranean 369: 368: 362: 361: 355: 354: 348: 345: 342:on board the 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 311: 309: 308:naval history 305: 301: 297: 293: 290: 283: 278: 270: 267: 263: 257: 254: 250: 247: 246: 245: 242: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 224: 223: 220: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 192: 191: 188: 187: 185: 181: 178: 174: 173: 167: 166: 160: 159: 153: 152: 146: 145: 139: 138: 132: 131: 126: 122: 119: 116: 112: 108: 104: 101: 98: 92: 89: 86: 82: 78: 70:4 August 1804 69: 65: 61: 49: 45: 40: 34: 29: 22: 19: 1672: 1668:New creation 1667: 1641: 1608: 1568: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1530: 1524: 1513: 1506:Duncan, Adam 1487: 1486: 1452: 1445: 1417: 1411: 1400: 1391: 1381: 1376: 1365: 1350: 1340: 1333: 1321: 1313: 1305: 1298:Sinclair, W. 1292: 1261: 1253: 1245: 1237: 1229: 1221: 1213: 1205: 1197: 1162: 1154: 1146: 1105:namesake of 1089: 1088:, was named 1069: 1068:is named TS 1059: (ship) 1056: 1052: (ship) 1049: 1043: 1013: 1012:Supporters: 1011: 1006: 1004: 1001:"Camperdown" 999: 987: 985: 946: 939: 904: 881: 877: 865: 844: 816: 810: 807:Henry Dundas 799:Baron Duncan 798: 794: 791: 774: 761: 759: 754: 746: 733: 721: 710: 705: 701: 692: 687: 677: 669: 644: 631:vice admiral 621: 614: 606:Cape Spartel 596: 586: 558: 556: 547: 539: 509: 503: 496: 479: 456: 448: 443: 441: 425:Basque Roads 415: 409: 406: 381: 366: 359: 352: 346: 317: 291: 287: 183:Battles/wars 171: 164: 157: 150: 143: 136: 129: 72:(1804-08-04) 39:John Hoppner 37:Portrait by 18: 1707:1804 deaths 1702:1731 births 1536:Charnock's 1488:Attribution 1057:Lord Duncan 1020:Recognition 992:Clan Duncan 770:1 June 1794 610:John Jervis 522:during the 57:1 July 1731 1696:Categories 1678:1797–1804 1589:required.) 1540:, vi. 422; 1520:Endnotes: 1483:References 1437:1285558728 1072:after him. 1066:Sea Cadets 1061:after him. 743:Camperdown 700:, leaving 680:the mutiny 627:Portsmouth 615:Foudroyant 552:Portsmouth 544:St. Helens 391:lieutenant 340:Royal Navy 328:Gleneagles 304:Camperdown 302:fleet off 165:Foudroyant 100:Royal Navy 84:Allegiance 62:, Scotland 53:1731-07-01 1550:Keppel's 1533:, iv. 81; 1527:, i. 319; 1472:352936023 1240:, ii. 427 953:Edinburgh 937:in 1835. 874:Character 852:Edinburgh 747:Venerable 732:HMS  717:De Winter 702:Venerable 688:Venerable 645:Venerable 643:HMS  620:HMS  595:HMS  579:Gibraltar 542:to go to 532:Admiralty 502:HMS  495:HMS  476:Peacetime 455:HMS  451:commander 410:Swiftsure 380:HMS  367:Centurion 365:HMS  358:HMS  351:HMS  109:1746–1804 79:, England 1637:New Post 1615:, 2010. 1543:James's 1523:Ralfe's 1384:, p.113 1358:(1827). 959:Heraldry 862:Memorial 848:Cornhill 698:Yarmouth 597:Blenheim 360:Shoreham 296:defeated 158:Blenheim 124:Commands 94:Service/ 41:, c.1798 1512:(ed.). 1502::  1254:Memoirs 1005:Crest: 780:Rewards 755:Monarch 734:Russell 713:Ireland 706:Adamant 693:Adamant 635:admiral 587:Monarch 563:Channel 559:Monarch 548:Monarch 540:Monarch 504:Monarch 497:Suffolk 457:Valiant 382:Norwich 324:Provost 289:Admiral 151:Monarch 144:Suffolk 137:Valiant 118:Admiral 1619:  1583: 1508:". In 1470:  1460:  1435:  1425:  1256:, 251. 1070:Duncan 1044:Duncan 935:K.C.H. 893:Family 883:Nelson 856:Lundie 827:London 739:Egmont 575:relief 571:Rodney 482:Dundee 470:Havana 416:Torbay 336:Dundee 332:Dundee 265:Awards 96:branch 60:Dundee 1224:, 329 1113:Notes 1054:, or 1047:, or 931:Henry 887:Henry 833:Death 673:Texel 622:Edgar 449:As a 433:Brest 353:Trial 347:Trial 344:sloop 300:Dutch 172:Edgar 1617:ISBN 1468:OCLC 1458:ISBN 1433:OCLC 1423:ISBN 1042:HMS 766:Howe 741:and 704:and 684:Nore 602:Howe 314:Life 298:the 284:1798 170:HMS 163:HMS 156:HMS 149:HMS 142:HMS 135:HMS 128:HMS 114:Rank 67:Died 47:Born 1575:doi 978:of 951:in 768:on 753:in 730:in 577:of 514:of 423:to 1698:: 1466:. 1431:. 1364:. 1273:^ 1174:^ 1121:^ 998:: 870:. 829:. 648:. 507:. 310:. 1623:) 1581:. 1577:: 1554:. 1474:. 1439:. 1092:. 990:( 812:… 55:) 51:(

Index


John Hoppner
Dundee
Cornhill-on-Tweed
United Kingdom
Royal Navy
Admiral
HMS Royal Exchange
HMS Valiant
HMS Suffolk
HMS Monarch
HMS Blenheim
HMS Foudroyant
HMS Edgar
North Sea Fleet
Seven Years' War
Raid on Rochefort
Raid on St Malo
Capture of Gorée
Capture of Belle Île
Siege of Havana
American Revolutionary War
Siege of Gibraltar
Battle of Cape St. Vincent
Battle of Cape Spartel
French Revolutionary Wars
Battle of Camperdown
Napoleonic Wars
Naval Gold Medal

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