785:
898:
745:. The wind was blowing straight on shore, and though the Dutch forming their line to the north preserved a bold front, it was clear that if the attack was not made promptly they would speedily get into shoal water, where no attack would be possible. Duncan at once realised the necessity of cutting off their retreat by getting between them and the land. At first, he was anxious to bring up his fleet in a compact body, for his numbers were at best equal to those of the Dutch; but seeing the absolute necessity of immediate action, without waiting for the ships astern to come up, without waiting to form line of battle, and with the fleet in very irregular order of sailing, in two groups, led respectively by himself in
33:
277:
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663:
889:, a fellow Royal Navy officer, on 4 October 1804, including a newspaper with the account of Duncan's death, "There is no man who more sincerely laments the heavy loss you have sustained than myself; but the name of Duncan will never be forgot by Britain, and in particular by its navy, in which service the remembrance of your worthy father will, I am sure, grow up in you. I am sorry not to have a good sloop to give you, but still an opening offers which I think will insure your confirmation as a commander".
446:, a hired vessel employed in petty convoy service with a miscellaneous ship's company, consisting to a large extent of boys and foreigners, many of whom (he reported) could not speak English, and all impressed with the idea that as they had been engaged by the merchants from whom the ship was hired they were not subject to naval discipline. It would seem that a misunderstanding with the merchants on this point was the cause of the ship's being put out of commission after a few months.
772:; and on this occasion, as on the former, was crowned with complete success. The engagement was long and bloody; for though Duncan, by passing through the enemy's line, had prevented their untimely retreat, he had not advanced further in tactical science, and the battle was fought out on the primitive principles of ship against ship, the advantage remaining with those who were the better trained to the great gun exercise, though the Dutch inflicted great loss on the Royal navy.
1495:
737:, from whom he received early information of the Dutch being at sea. He at once weighed anchor, and with a fair wind approached the Dutch coast, saw that the fleet was not returned to the Texel, and steering towards the south sighted it on the morning of 11 October about seven miles from the shore and nearly halfway between the villages of
1014:
On the dexter side an Angel, mantle purpure; on the head a celestial crown; the right hand supporting an anchor proper; in the left a palm branch Or. On the sinister a sailor, habited and armed proper; his left hand supporting a staff, thereon hoisted a flag azure; the Dutch colours, wreathed about
878:
Duncan was of size and strength almost gigantic. He is described as 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) in height, and of corresponding breadth. When a young lieutenant walking through the streets of
Chatham, his grand figure and handsome face attracted crowds of admirers, and to the last he is
775:
It had been proposed to De Winter to make up for the want of skill by firing shell from the lower deck guns, and some experiments had been made during the summer which showed that the idea was feasible. However, want of familiarity with an arm so new and so dangerous presumably prevented its being
811:
Report says my nephew is only made a
Viscount. Myself it is nothing, but the whole nation thinks the least you can do is to give him an English earldom. … Am sure were this properly represented to our good king, who esteems a brave, religious man like himself, would be of my opinion.
792:
The news of the victory was received in
Britain with the warmest enthusiasm. It was the first certain sign that the mutinies of the summer had not destroyed the power and the prestige of the Royal Navy. Duncan was at once (21 October) raised to the peerage as
715:, a persistent westerly wind detained them in harbour until they judged that the season was too far advanced. For political purposes, however, the French Revolutionaries who controlled the government in Holland (despite the contrary opinion of their admiral,
1000:
Pendant by a ribbon argent and azure from a naval crown or a gold medal thereon two figures the emblems of
Victory and Britannia; Victory alighting on the prow of an antique vessel, crowning Britannia with a wreath of laurel; and below the word
814:. It was not, however, until 1831, many years after Duncan's death, that his son, then bearing his title, was raised to the dignity of an earl, and his other children to the rank and precedence of the children of an earl.
670:
During the first two years of Duncan's command, the work was limited to enforcing a rigid blockade of the enemy's coast, but in the spring of 1797, it became more important from the knowledge that the Dutch fleet in the
845:
Duncan continued in command of the North Sea fleet until 1801, but without any further opportunity of distinction. Three years later, 4 August 1804, he died quite suddenly, aged seventy-three, at the inn at
492:
on 6 June 1777. It would seem that his alliance with this influential family obtained him the employment which he had been vainly seeking during fifteen years. Towards the end of 1778, he was appointed to
686:
broke out also amongst the crews under Duncan, and kept him for some weeks in enforced inactivity. Duncan's personal influence and some happy displays of his vast personal strength held the crew of
127:
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1731:
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for failure to obey orders during the same battle. The court-martial was set for April. The day before the assembling of the court the admiralty sent down orders for
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Fortunately, the Dutch were not at the time ready for sea; and when they were ready and anxious to sail, with thirty thousand troops, for the invasion of
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554:
harbour when the signal for the court-martial was made; so that, sorely against the wishes of the admiralty, Duncan sat on this court-martial also.
805:
in Dundee), and there was a strong feeling that the reward was inadequate. Even as early as 18 October his aunt, Lady Mary Duncan, wrote to
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A first rate ship of war, with masts broken, rigging torn and in disorder, floating on the sea, all proper and over, the motto "Disce Pati"
930:
886:
1081:
Duncan Street in Leeds town centre is named after him. The pub on this street honours him with its name and many pictures and paintings.
472:
in August 1762. He returned to
Britain in 1763, and, notwithstanding his repeated request, had no further employment for many years.
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and an annual pension of £3,000, to himself and the next two heirs to his title – this was the biggest pension ever awarded by the
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925:. On his death Duncan left a family of four daughters and two sons. His eldest son succeeded to the peerage and later became
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546:. Her crew, however, refused to weigh the anchor until they were paid their advance; and as this could not be done in time,
515:
402:
375:
1404:
419:, in which he continued until his promotion to commander's rank on 21 September 1759, and during this time was present in
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806:
609:
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A statue of Duncan was erected in 1997 in his birthplace, Dundee, on the corner of High Street and
Commercial Street.
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176:
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526:. During the course of the trial Duncan objected several times to stop the prosecutor in irrelevant and in
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1341:
A Genealogical and
Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England, Ireland and Scotland
765:
601:
590:
1612:
1355:
679:
221:
630:
243:
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Naval
Chronicle, Volume 4, London, 1801, edited by James Stanier Clarke, John Jones, Stephen Jones,
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574:
276:
226:
32:
589:, and had no further command until after the change of Ministry in March 1782, when Keppel became
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of Dundee, and his wife (and first cousin once removed) Helen, daughter of John
Haldane of
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8:
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453:, Duncan had no further service, but on 25 February 1761, he was posted and appointed to
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on 11 October 1797. This victory is considered one of the most significant actions in
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Rampant
Scotland - Famous Scots - Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Camperdown (1731–1804)
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963:
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914:
825:. Additionally, he was given the freedom of several cities, including Dundee and
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Early London County Courts : a brief account of their history and buildings
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Gules, two cinquefoils in chief and a bugle horn in base argent stringed azure
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Crimmin, P. K. (January 2008) . "Duncan, Adam, Viscount Duncan (1731–1804)".
1499:
1471:
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in Soho, London, a gay pub that was the scene of a terrorist bombing in 1999.
757:, he made the signal to pass through the enemy's line and engage to leeward.
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Statue of Adam Duncan, Viscount Duncan, Scottish National Portrait Gallery
534:
was therefore desirous that he should not sit on the court-martial of Sir
991:
944:
who served under him several times and rose to the rank of Rear Admiral.
726:
revictualling, the Texel being watched by a small squadron under Captain
1075:
A statue by Westmacott, erected at the public expense, is in St. Paul's.
1370:. Vol. sup, part 1. London: Longman and company. pp. 162–165.
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of 90 guns, and commanded her during the year in the Grand Fleet under
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294:(1 July 1731 – 4 August 1804) was a British admiral who
99:
994:). In the centre of his paternal coat the 1st Viscount was granted an
952:
851:
578:
363:, he continued until the peace in 1748. In 1749, he was appointed to
350:
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for three years. He attained flag rank on 24 September 1787, became
1498: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1359:
971:
917:. On 6 June 1777 Duncan married Henrietta (1749–1832), daughter of
901:
The grave of Admiral Duncan's family, Canongate Kirkyard, Edinburgh
722:
Duncan, with the main body of the fleet, was at the time lying at
712:
666:
Duncan speaks to his crew to persuade them not to join the mutiny
1518:. Vol. 16. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 159–161.
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It was a bold departure from the absolute rule laid down in the
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launched in 2010, referencing the arms of 1st Viscount Duncan
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378:(afterwards Viscount Keppel), with whom he was afterwards in
1222:
Histoire de la Marine Française sous la première République
1078:
Duncan Terrace in Islington, London N1 was named after him.
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the middle of the staff. Motto: "Secundis Dubiisque Rectus"
719:), ordered him to put to sea in the early days of October.
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still new, though warranted by the more formal example of
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Several public houses are named after him, including the
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on 16 January 1780. On returning to Britain, Duncan quit
1456:. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. p. 11.
1344:(2nd ed.). Scott, Webster, and Geary. p. 176.
1271:
1732:
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
1172:
1119:
1737:
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
1382:
Heraldic Particulars relative to Lord Viscount Duncan
690:
to their duty; but with one other exception, that of
1155:
Considerations on the Principles of Naval Discipline
442:From October 1759 to April 1760, he had command of
569:; in December was one of the squadrons with which
500:, from which he was almost immediately moved into
678:The situation was one of extreme difficulty, for
1693:
1599:Taynet - Admiral Lord Duncan, Hero of Camperdown
637:1 June 1795. In February 1795, he was appointed
708:alone to keep up the pretence of the blockade.
696:, the ships refused to quit their anchorage at
1328:, p. 161 cites Nelson Despatches vi. 216.
1300:p. 453: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.
439:, from which his promotion just excluded him.
349:, under Captain Robert Haldane, with whom, in
318:Adam was the second son of Alexander Duncan,
1752:Peers of Great Britain created by George III
1742:Royal Navy personnel of the Seven Years' War
1712:People educated at the High School of Dundee
1604:Gazetteer for Scotland - Admiral Adam Duncan
1573:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
986:The paternal arms of the 1st Viscount were:
334:. In 1746, after receiving his education in
809:, at that time secretary of state for war:
651:
510:In January 1779, he sat as a member of the
1337:
480:During this time, he lived principally at
464:. In her he had an important share in the
31:
1747:Viscounts in the Peerage of Great Britain
947:Henrietta and her children are buried in
1503:
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1421:. : Anthony Bradbury. 2010. p. 61.
1354:
1338:Burke, John; Burke, Sir Bernard (1841).
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435:in 1759, up to within two months of the
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1570:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1395:Naval Chronicle, Volume 4, London, 1801
370:, then commissioned for service in the
1694:
407:In August 1755, he followed Keppel to
1405:For image of heraldic achievement see
682:which had paralysed the fleet at the
633:1 February 1793, and was promoted to
484:, and married Henrietta, daughter of
1611:1800, J. Gold, London. (reissued by
841:Grave of Admiral Duncan, Lundie Kirk
530:, or in perversions of answers. The
403:Great Britain in the Seven Years War
1296:"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral"
1084:The Galapagos island, now known as
921:of Arniston, Lord President of the
488:of Arniston, Lord President of the
389:, and was confirmed in the rank of
13:
1560:
1252:, pp. 160–161 cites Arniston
940:His sister Margaret was mother to
879:spoken of as singularly handsome.
866:There is a memorial to him within
396:
14:
1763:
933:, died a captain in the navy and
1515:Dictionary of National Biography
1493:
641:, and hoisted his flag on board
618:, and after the peace commanded
518:for the poor performance of the
431:in 1758, and in the blockade of
292:Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan
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1220:, p. 160 cites Chevalier,
967:Arms of the 1st Viscount Duncan
581:, and had a prominent share in
1717:Military personnel from Dundee
1545:Naval History of Great Britain
1312:, p. 161 cites Colburn's
1243:
1227:
1211:
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1040:Several ships have been named
1019:
608:. He afterwards succeeded Sir
1:
1643:Commander-in-Chief, North Sea
1609:The Naval Chronicle, Volume 4
1504:Laughton, John Knox (1888). "
1482:
909:, physician-extraordinary to
639:Commander-in-Chief, North Sea
1587:UK public library membership
873:
854:(ib. 252) and was buried in
475:
7:
1453:The dictionary of pub names
1361:"Tait, James Haldane"
958:
861:
675:was getting ready for sea.
593:. He was then appointed to
591:first lord of the admiralty
557:During the summer of 1779,
16:British admiral (1731–1804)
10:
1768:
1613:Cambridge University Press
1107:Duncan's Cove, Nova Scotia
779:
655:
583:the action off St. Vincent
400:
232:Battle of Cape St. Vincent
222:American Revolutionary War
1680:
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413:, and in January 1756 to
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244:French Revolutionary Wars
182:
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66:
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30:
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1661:Peerage of Great Britain
1450:Rothwell, David (2006).
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832:
776:acted on in the battle.
652:In action with the Dutch
1552:Life of Viscount Keppel
1064:The Dundee Unit of the
885:wrote to Duncan's son,
817:Duncan was awarded the
460:, fitting for Keppel's
322:, Angus, (d. May 1777)
313:
280:Admiral Adam Duncan by
1036:
996:augmentation of honour
983:
968:
902:
842:
819:Large Naval Gold Medal
789:
762:Fighting Instructions,
667:
524:First Battle of Ushant
466:reduction of Belle Île
437:Battle of Quiberon Bay
285:
237:Battle of Cape Spartel
1684:Robert Haldane-Duncan
1579:10.1093/ref:odnb/8211
1547:(edit. 1860), ii. 74;
1367:Royal Naval Biography
1157:, 8vo, 1781, p. 106n.
1027:
1009:("learn to suffer").
974:
966:
900:
840:
797:, of Camperdown, and
787:
665:
468:in June 1761, and of
279:
106:Years of service
1722:Nobility from Dundee
1314:New Monthly Magazine
1236:, p. 160 cites
1204:, p. 160 cites
1153:, p. 159 cites
1034:St. Paul's Cathedral
955:east of the church.
658:Battle of Camperdown
561:was attached to the
393:on 10 January 1755.
282:Henri-Pierre Danloux
249:Battle of Camperdown
210:Capture of Belle Île
1727:Royal Navy admirals
1316:, 1836, xlvii. 466.
1268:, pp. 160–161.
1169:, pp. 159–160.
905:Duncan's uncle was
868:St Paul's Cathedral
25:The Viscount Duncan
1538:Biographia Navalis
1238:Life of Wolfe Tone
1206:Life of Wolfe Tone
1100:Admiral Duncan pub
1037:
1030:Richard Westmacott
984:
969:
949:Canongate Kirkyard
942:James Haldane Tait
929:; the second son,
927:Earl of Camperdown
907:Sir William Duncan
903:
843:
823:British government
790:
668:
429:reduction of Gorée
356:and afterwards in
286:
227:Siege of Gibraltar
1690:
1689:
1681:Succeeded by
1653:Archibald Dickson
1650:Succeeded by
1630:Military offices
1621:978-1-108-01843-2
1585:(Subscription or
1428:978-0-9566442-0-6
913:and first of the
749:and Vice-admiral
528:leading questions
338:, he entered the
330:. He was born at
274:
273:
195:Raid on Rochefort
77:Cornhill-on-Tweed
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1647:1795–1800
1635:Preceded by
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1032:in the crypt of
980:HMS Duncan (D37)
923:Court of Session
858:west of Dundee.
625:as guardship at
565:fleet under Sir
490:Court of Session
427:in 1757, at the
385:on the coast of
269:Naval Gold Medal
205:Capture of Gorée
190:Seven Years' War
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1561:Further reading
1531:Naval Chronicle
1525:Naval Biography
1510:Stephen, Leslie
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911:King George III
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803:Camperdown Park
795:Viscount Duncan
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573:sailed for the
478:
405:
399:
397:Seven Years War
376:Augustus Keppel
320:Baron of Lundie
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260:
256:Napoleonic Wars
215:Siege of Havana
200:Raid on St Malo
177:North Sea Fleet
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1289:
1287:, p. 161.
1270:
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1208:, ii. 425–435.
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1192:, p. 160.
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976:Heraldic badge
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751:Richard Onslow
728:Henry Trollope
724:Great Yarmouth
656:Main article:
653:
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612:in command of
516:Admiral Keppel
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444:Royal Exchange
421:the expedition
401:Main article:
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374:, by the Hon.
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74:(aged 73)
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1069:
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1011:
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799:Baron Duncan
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72:(1804-08-04)
39:John Hoppner
37:Portrait by
18:
1707:1804 deaths
1702:1731 births
1536:Charnock's
1488:Attribution
1057:Lord Duncan
1020:Recognition
992:Clan Duncan
770:1 June 1794
610:John Jervis
522:during the
57:1 July 1731
1696:Categories
1678:1797–1804
1589:required.)
1540:, vi. 422;
1520:Endnotes:
1483:References
1437:1285558728
1072:after him.
1066:Sea Cadets
1061:after him.
743:Camperdown
700:, leaving
680:the mutiny
627:Portsmouth
615:Foudroyant
552:Portsmouth
544:St. Helens
391:lieutenant
340:Royal Navy
328:Gleneagles
304:Camperdown
302:fleet off
165:Foudroyant
100:Royal Navy
84:Allegiance
62:, Scotland
53:1731-07-01
1550:Keppel's
1533:, iv. 81;
1527:, i. 319;
1472:352936023
1240:, ii. 427
953:Edinburgh
937:in 1835.
874:Character
852:Edinburgh
747:Venerable
732:HMS
717:De Winter
702:Venerable
688:Venerable
645:Venerable
643:HMS
620:HMS
595:HMS
579:Gibraltar
542:to go to
532:Admiralty
502:HMS
495:HMS
476:Peacetime
455:HMS
451:commander
410:Swiftsure
380:HMS
367:Centurion
365:HMS
358:HMS
351:HMS
109:1746–1804
79:, England
1637:New Post
1615:, 2010.
1543:James's
1523:Ralfe's
1384:, p.113
1358:(1827).
959:Heraldry
862:Memorial
848:Cornhill
698:Yarmouth
597:Blenheim
360:Shoreham
296:defeated
158:Blenheim
124:Commands
94:Service/
41:, c.1798
1512:(ed.).
1502::
1254:Memoirs
1005:Crest:
780:Rewards
755:Monarch
734:Russell
713:Ireland
706:Adamant
693:Adamant
635:admiral
587:Monarch
563:Channel
559:Monarch
548:Monarch
540:Monarch
504:Monarch
497:Suffolk
457:Valiant
382:Norwich
324:Provost
289:Admiral
151:Monarch
144:Suffolk
137:Valiant
118:Admiral
1619:
1583:
1508:". In
1470:
1460:
1435:
1425:
1256:, 251.
1070:Duncan
1044:Duncan
935:K.C.H.
893:Family
883:Nelson
856:Lundie
827:London
739:Egmont
575:relief
571:Rodney
482:Dundee
470:Havana
416:Torbay
336:Dundee
332:Dundee
265:Awards
96:branch
60:Dundee
1224:, 329
1113:Notes
1054:, or
1047:, or
931:Henry
887:Henry
833:Death
673:Texel
622:Edgar
449:As a
433:Brest
353:Trial
347:Trial
344:sloop
300:Dutch
172:Edgar
1617:ISBN
1468:OCLC
1458:ISBN
1433:OCLC
1423:ISBN
1042:HMS
766:Howe
741:and
704:and
684:Nore
602:Howe
314:Life
298:the
284:1798
170:HMS
163:HMS
156:HMS
149:HMS
142:HMS
135:HMS
128:HMS
114:Rank
67:Died
47:Born
1575:doi
978:of
951:in
768:on
753:in
730:in
577:of
514:of
423:to
1698::
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990:(
812:…
55:)
51:(
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