Acorn Computers - Knowledge

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Workstation). The company's research and development staff had grown from around 100 in 1983 to around 150 in 1984, the latter out of a total of 450 employees. Meanwhile, Acorn's chosen method of expansion into West Germany and the United States through the establishment of subsidiaries involved a "major commitment of resources", in contrast with a less costly strategy that might have emphasised collaboration with local distributors. Localisation of the BBC Micro for the US market also involved more expenditure than it otherwise might have due to a failure to consider local market conditions and preferences, with "complex technical efforts" having been made to make the machine compatible with US television standards when local market information would have indicated that "US home computer users expect to use a dedicated personal computer monitor". Consequently, obtaining Federal approval for the BBC Micro in order to expand into the United States proved to be a drawn-out and expensive process that proved futile: all of the expansion devices that were intended to be sold with the BBC Micro had to be tested and radiation emissions had to be reduced. It was claimed that Acorn spent £10 million on its US operation without this localised variant of the BBC Micro establishing a significant market share. The machine, however, did make an appearance in the school of

2062:. This upset other suppliers such as Xemplar and members of the National Association of Advisers for Computers in Education (NAACE), with complaints including those about the imposition of an incompatible computing platform on small schools who were already committed to the RISC OS platform, these schools being potentially incapable of managing "a mix of machines", and the lack of appropriate Welsh language software for the Windows platform, this being of particular concern in schools where lessons were "conducted exclusively in Welsh" and where an "excellent working relationship with British software houses" had cultivated the availability of major RISC OS applications in Welsh. The range of multimedia software offered in the initiative was also criticised: "none of the scheme's CD-Roms" were in Welsh, and Acorn machines also needed additional software, at an estimated £300 in extra costs, to "make effective use" of the software titles. 1737:(ATG) had made initial contact with Acorn over use of the ARM in an experimental Apple II (2) style prototype called Möbius. Experiments done in the Möbius project proved that the ARM RISC architecture could be highly attractive for certain types of future products. The Möbius project was briefly considered as the basis for a new line of Apple computers but it was stopped for fear it would compete with the Macintosh and confuse the market. However, the Möbius project evolved awareness of the ARM processor within Apple. The Möbius Team made minor changes to the ARM registers, and used their working prototype to demonstrate a variety of impressive performance benchmarks. 1243: 1949: 1339: 36: 1033:, with Acorn Computers Ltd. as the microcomputer division. With a minimum tender price of 120p, the group came into existence with a market capitalisation of about £135 million. CPU founders Hermann Hauser and Chris Curry's stakes in the new company were worth £64m and £51m, respectively. Ten per cent of the equity was placed on the market, with the money raised from the flotation "mainly" directed towards establishing US and German subsidiaries (the flotation raising around £13.4 million), although some was directed towards research and product development. 537: 1532:

keyboards for the South American market). The sales office in Woburn, Massachusetts was closed at this time. Acorn was reported as having achieved "negligible U.S. sales". In 1990, in contrast, Acorn set up a sales and marketing operation in Australia and New Zealand by seeking to acquire long-time distributor Barson Computers Australasia, with Acorn managing director Sam Wauchope noting Acorn's presence in Australia since 1983 and being "the only computer manufacturer whose products are recommended by all Australian state education authorities".

1791:. Essentially a rebadged OEM version of the Series 3 with slightly different on-board software, the device was marketed as an inexpensive computer for schoolchildren, rather than as an executive tool. The hardware was the same as the Series 3, but the integrated applications were different. For instance, the Pocket Book omitted the Agenda diary and Spell dictionary applications, which became an optional application, supplied on ROM SSD which could be inserted into either of the ROM bays underneath the device. Other programs were renamed: 1528:

telephone, communications software and auto-answer/auto-dial modem. However, with Acorn's finances having sustained the development cost of the Archimedes, and with the custom systems division having contributed substantially to the company's losses in 1987, a change in strategy took effect towards the end of 1987, moving away from "individual customers" and towards "volume products", resulting in 47 of Acorn's 300 staff being made redundant, the closure of the custom systems division, and the abandonment of the Communicator.

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had resigned, ultimately leading to the suspension of Acorn shares, these having fallen to a low of 23 pence per share. With these events reportedly being the result of disagreement between Acorn and Lazards over the measures needed to rescue the company, with Lazards favouring a sale or refinancing whereby the founders would lose control, Acorn and their replacement advisors, Close Brothers, were reported to be pursuing a "radical reorganisation of the company". Lazards had sought to attract financing from

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adoption of the PowerPC platform might lead Acorn along the same path, with Acorn already having expressed some interest in PowerPC and having introduced a PowerPC-based product in the form of its SchoolServer offering. The deal was regarded as benefiting Apple more strongly, with Acorn developers being encouraged to port their software to Mac OS, and with RISC OS effectively being sidelined to Acorn's set-top box and network computing products.

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existing and potential customers. Efforts were made to establish a local marketing presence and to offer localised versions of Acorn's products. Despite optimistic projections of success, and with Acorn having initially invested £700,000 in the endeavour, the loss-making operation was closed in 1995 as part of broader cost-cutting and restructuring in response to a decline in revenue and difficulties experienced by various Acorn divisions.

2203: 2529: 1647: 1085: 672: 423: 2171: 769: 915:, a government agency operating in close collaboration with the DoI. The choice was also somewhat ironic given that the NewBrain started life as a Sinclair Radionics project, and it was Sinclair's preference for developing it over Science of Cambridge's MK14 that led to Curry leaving SoC to found CPU with Hauser. The NEB moved the NewBrain to Newbury after Sinclair left Radionics and went to SoC. 1476:

IBM for its own networking technologies. Torus also released support for the use of Novell's Advanced Netware product on its own networking hardware. The company eventually entered receivership in 1990 with Acorn reporting a £242,000 loss associated with the investment. Such were the ambitions of Acorn's management that a joint venture company was established in Hong Kong under the name

1983:), albeit with an increasing emphasis on DOS and Windows compatibility through its PC card products, the emergence of larger networks in education connecting systems based on different computing platforms—typically Acorn, PC and Apple Macintosh—motivated the introduction of the SchoolServer product range in 1995. The range consisted of server systems manufactured by IBM running 1594: 1480:, apparently engaging in the development of "digital, optical technology for computer data storage". Involving a Hong Kong turntable manufacturer, Better Sound Reproduction Ltd., Acorn were to set up a research and development facility in Palo Alto, California, US to bring "compact laser disk drives designed as floppy disk drive replacements" to market within 18 months. 1908:

through the deployment of a digital video server from ICL having "a maximum capacity of several hundred gigabytes of fast hard disc storage", connected via a 155 Mbit/s link and supplementing Olivetti Research Disc Bricks already acting as smaller capacity video servers. Industry support for the Online Media platform was also announced by Oracle and Macromedia.

998:(ULA) to reproduce most of the functionality. But problems in producing the ULAs led to short supply, and the Electron, although launched in August 1983, was not on the market in sufficient numbers to capitalise on the 1983 Christmas sales period. Acorn resolved to avoid this problem in 1984 and negotiated new production contracts. Acorn became more known for its 1940:. Although Acorn were reportedly hoping for the interactive television market to "eventually take off" and initiate "mass deployment" by traditional telecoms operators, corporate intranet applications were also seen as a target market. With more conservative deployments in mind, the ATM25 interface in the product could be replaced by an Ethernet interface. 1262:(ABC) plan required a number of second processors to be made to work with the BBC Micro platform. In developing these, Acorn had to implement the Tube protocols on each processor chosen, in the process finding out, during 1983, that there were no obvious candidates to replace the 6502. Because of many-cycle uninterruptible instructions, for example, the 1402:

The more successful manufacturers, like Amstrad, emphasised the bundling of computers with essential peripherals such as monitors and cassette recorders along with value for money. The collapse of the market from the manufacturers' perspective, it was argued, was due to the "neglect of the market by the manufacturers". Market adversity had led to

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effectively valuing Acorn at around a tenth of its valuation of £216 million the year before. Acorn's share price collapse and the suspension of its listing was attributed by some news outlets to the company's failure to establish itself in the US market, with one source citing costs of $ 5.5 million related to that endeavour.

1643:. This system did not include the three support chips (VIDC, MEMC, and IOC) which were later to form part of the Archimedes system. They made their first appearance in the A500 second processor, which was used internally within Acorn as a development platform, and had a similar form-factor to the ARM development system. 854:, a proprietary interface allowing a second processor to be added. This compromise would make for an affordable 6502 machine for the mass market which could be expanded with more sophisticated and expensive processors. The Tube enabled processing to be farmed out to the second processor leaving the 6502 to perform data 1931:

built in", and with other products in the range being based on "focused applications" of established Acorn products. Evolution of the technology continued with the launch of the STB22 model, described as "a cross between an NC (Network Computer) and a STB". This model combined set-top box features such as

1523:, whose launch had been delayed until the end of July 1985 due to the suspension of Acorn's shares. Of subsequent significance, Hermann Hauser was also expected to announce a "VLSI chip design using a reduced instruction set". Unveiled towards the end of 1985, the Communicator was Acorn's answer to ICL's 1364:

develop the simulation software to finish work on the support chips (VIDC, IOC, MEMC) and to speed up the operation of the CAD software used in developing ARM2. The ARM evaluation system was promoted as a means for developers to try the system for themselves. This system was used with a BBC Micro and a

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contract to produce the BBC Micro for the US market. During the search for potential financing partners, an Olivetti director had approached Close Brothers, ostensibly as part of Olivetti's strategy of acquiring technologically advanced small companies. After a short period of negotiations, Curry and

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In February 1985, speculation about the state of Acorn's finances intensified with the appointment of a temporary chief executive, Alexander Reid, to run the company, together with the announcement that Acorn had replaced its financial advisors, Lazards, and that the company's stockbrokers, Cazenove,

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operating system). Advertising for this machine in 1986 included an illustration of an office worker using the workstation. The advert claimed mainframe power at a price of £3,480 (excluding VAT). The main text of the advertisement referred to available mainframe languages, communication capabilities

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Thirteenth of September will see the 30th anniversary of UK technology company Acorn Computers, famous in the 1980s 8-bit boom for its 6502-based microcomputers such as the Electron, Atom and BBC Micro. Some 400 previous employees and guests are expected at a celebratory party, which will be held in

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One of Sir Clive's long term employees, Chris Curry quit because of differences over the technology roadmap Finding nothing readily available on the market including from the leading US chip manufacturers RISC processor called ARM which basically had the design ethos of the simple 6502 but in a 32

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In conjunction with the acquisition of Acorn, an offer was extended to a company "owned by Stan Boland and certain senior management to purchase ... the silicon and software design activity" for approximately £1 million. This distinct company (known as "New Jam Inc") effectively became the

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Attempts were made to secure the rights to Acorn's desktop products including network computers and "various associated technologies", RISC OS, and the abandoned Phoebe workstation project by a consortium of Acorn market interests, and a memorandum of understanding was reportedly signed by both Stan

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Ellison was expecting to announce the NC in February 1996. Sophie Wilson was put in charge of the NC project, and by mid-November a draft NC specification was ready. By January 1996 the formal details of the contract between Acorn and Oracle had been worked out, and the PCB was designed and ready to

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CL450 part is evident on the STB20 circuit board, this product being an MPEG-1 decoder introduced in May 1992.) Plans were announced to expand the initiative from 250 homes to 1000, to support NatWest's cable television banking and shopping services, with video on demand provision being strengthened

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Having become a publicly traded company in 1983 during the home computer boom, Acorn's commercial performance in 1984 proved to be consequential. Many home computer manufacturers struggled to maintain customer enthusiasm, some offering unconvincing follow-up products that failed to appeal to buyers.

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were chosen as silicon partner, since they already supplied Acorn with ROMs and some custom chips. VLSI produced the first ARM silicon on 26 April 1985; it worked first time and came to be known as ARM1. Its first practical application was as a second processor to the BBC Micro, where it was used to

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to mark the legacy of the BBC Micro. A number of the BBC Micro's principal creators were present, and Sophie Wilson recounted to the BBC how Hermann Hauser tricked her and Steve Furber to agree to create the physical prototype in less than five days. Also in 2008 a number of former staff organised a

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processors to replace the Atom. After a great deal of discussion, Hauser suggested a compromise—an improved 6502-based machine with far greater expansion capabilities: the Proton. Acorn's technical staff had not wanted to do the Atom and they now saw the Proton as their opportunity to "do it right".

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technologies, equipping appropriately specified IBM-compatible computers to participate on a network using a relatively low-cost Ethernet interface card utilising Intel's 82586 network controller chip. Torus later released a network management solution called Tapestry, based on Icon and marketed by

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in the early 1980s, Acorn sought to acquire Torch in 1984 with the intention of making Torch "effectively the business arm" of Acorn, despite a lack of clarity about competing product lines and uncertainty about the future of Acorn's still-unreleased business machine within any rationalised product

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solved the production problem and in 1984, production reached its anticipated volumes, but the contracts Acorn had negotiated with its suppliers were not flexible enough to allow volumes to be reduced quickly in this unanticipated situation, and supplies of the Electron built up. At the time of the

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Olivetti S.p.A. of Italy said yesterday that it had sold 14.7 percent of Acorn Computer Group P.L.C. to Lehman Brothers Inc. on Friday. Lehman did not disclose how much it paid, but at current market prices, the sale would have brought about L33.5 million ($ 52 million) to Olivetti, which has been

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shareholding in ARM as a consequence. As part of the process leading to the acquisition of Acorn by the Morgan Stanley subsidiary, MSDW Investment Holdings Limited, with the intention to "minimise the liabilities" of the group through the disposal of assets, Pace Micro Technology agreed to acquire

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and Apple about the contract for putting together the NC blueprint machine; there were also rumours in the industry that said Oracle itself was working on the reference design. After Bird's visit to Oracle, Ellison visited Acorn and a deal was reached: Acorn would define the NC Reference Standard.

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Acorn subsequently planned to incorporate set-top box technology into its product range, launching an initiative entitled "No Limits to Learning" and previewing a range of products under the MediaRange brand, with the MediaSurfer being "essentially an Online Media STB with a World Wide Web browser

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in which the clock could be stopped at any time. Only the Acorn RISC Machine came close to meeting all these demands, but there were still deficiencies. The ARM did not, for example, have an integral memory management unit, as this function was being provided by the MEMC support chip and Acorn did

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meant that Acorn was not able to capitalise on the 1983 Christmas selling period. A successful advertising campaign, including TV advertisements, had led to 300,000 orders, but the Malaysian suppliers were only able to supply 30,000 machines. The apparently strong demand for Electrons proved to be

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was launched on 12 August 1981. Although a version of that machine was aimed at the enthusiast market much like the BBC Micro, its real area of success was business. The successor to the PC, the XT (eXtended Technology) was introduced in early 1983. The success of these machines and the variety of

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Although the NewBrain was under heavy development by Newbury, it soon became clear that they were not going to be able to produce it—certainly not in time for the literacy programme nor to the BBC's specification. The BBC's programmes, initially scheduled for autumn 1981, were moved back to spring

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It was hoped that the Network Computer would create a significant new sector in which Acorn Network Computing would be a major player, either selling its own products or earning money from licence fees paid by other manufacturers for the right to produce their own NCs. To that end, two of Acorn's

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of additional capital was announced in 1995, this to finance the division and "underpin Acorn Group finances" against a backdrop of deteriorating financial results partly caused by an increasingly uncompetitive lower-end product range. Having entered into a deal with Lightspan Partnership Inc. to

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with a 6502 second processor. It convinced the Acorn engineers that they were on the right track. Before they could go any further, however, they would need more resources. It was time for Wilson to approach Hauser and explain what was afoot. Once the go-ahead had been given, a small team was put

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made it easier to expand the system by putting the CPU card from the System 1 in a 19-inch (480 mm) Eurocard rack that allowed a number of optional additions. The System 2 typically shipped with keyboard controller, external keyboard, a text display interface, and a cassette operating system

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But in Wales the schools that chose the multimedia option (93% of some 1,700 schools) will all receive Research Machines Pentium Multimedia PCs ... has upset not only other suppliers, but also teachers and the professionals in charge of promoting IT in schools. A conference of the National

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Acorn Computers, in its new guise of Cabot 2, would continue to administer the remaining assets of the business and to "tidy up remaining contractual and logistical obligations", these including the servicing of product warranties. In late 1999, Reflex Electronics signed a five-year contract to

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called Xemplar to provide computers and services to the UK education market. Described as "the unthinkable" and a "marriage of convenience", the alliance sought to reverse the declining fortunes of both Acorn and Apple in the sector, also prompting speculation that Apple's own strategy based on

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The dire financial situation was brought to a head in February 1985, when one of Acorn's creditors issued a winding-up petition. It would eventually emerge that Acorn owed £31.1 million to various creditors including manufacturers AB Electronics and Wong's Electronics. Wong's had been awarded a

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In February 1986, Acorn announced that it was ceasing US sales operations, and sold its remaining US BBC Microcomputers for $ 1.25 million to a Texas company, Basic, which was a subsidiary of Datum, the Mexican manufacturer of the Spanish version of the BBC Microcomputer (with modified Spanish

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initiative. This Acorn machine was based around a 16-bit 65SC816 CPU, 128 KB RAM, expandable to 512 KB, plus additional battery-backed RAM. It had a new multi-tasking OS, four internal ROM sockets, and shipped with a software suite based on View and ViewSheet. It also had an attached

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on 20 February. With the founders relinquishing control of the company and seeing their combined stake fall from 85.7% to 36.5%, the Italian computer company took a 49.3% stake in Acorn for £10.39 million, which went some way to covering Acorn's £10.9 million losses in the previous six months,

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but had failed to do so. Close Brothers also found themselves in the position of seeking a financing partner for Acorn, but in a significantly more urgent timeframe, making "financial institutions or a large computer company" the most likely candidates, these having the necessary resources and

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Acorn was also spending a large portion of its reserves on development: the BBC Master was being developed; the ARM project was underway; the Acorn Business Computer entailed a lot of development work but delivered few products, with only the 32016-based model ever being sold (as the Cambridge

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to each process in which the resources (CPU, memory, etc.) required to ensure reliable operation would be kept available regardless of the behaviour of other processes. The SA-1500 sported higher clock rates than existing StrongARM CPUs and, more importantly, a media-focussed coprocessor (the

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Acorn bundled ANT Limited's OmniClient software to provide the connectivity support required for Acorn's own computers to access the SchoolServer's facilities, these being based on Microsoft's own SchoolServer platform and proprietary networking technologies. The adoption of such hardware and

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In 1994, the EU initiated the NewsPad programme, with the aim of developing a common mechanism to author and deliver news electronically to consumer devices. The programme's name and format were inspired by the devices described and depicted in Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film

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Acorn also sought once again to expand into Germany in the 1990s, identifying the market as the largest in Europe whose technically sophisticated computer retailers were looking for opportunities to sell higher-margin products than IBM PC compatibles, with a large enthusiast community amongst

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After a disappointing summer season in 1984, Acorn had evidently focused on making up for lost sales over the Christmas season, with the Electron being a particular focus. However, a refusal to discount the BBC Micro also appeared to inhibit sales of that machine, with some dealers expressing

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machines in the business sector demonstrated that it was a viable market, especially given that sector's ability to cope with premium prices. The development of a business machine looked like a good idea to Acorn. A development programme was started to create a business computer using Acorn's

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sought to clear unsold Christmas stocks of around 1500 machines priced at £299, offering a discount of around £100, also bundling them with a cassette recorder and software. The rumoured machine turned out to be the BBC Model B+ which was a relatively conservative upgrade and more, not less,

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A survey last year, found that there were 126,000 Acorn machines and 22,000 Apple computers in primary schools; in secondaries the figures were 98,000 and 45,000 respectively. So Apple and Acorn account for 47% of computers in primary schools and a third of those in secondary – a very large

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software platforms, motivated by concerns about the capabilities of Acorn's existing products (such as the Risc PC) in the server role, even apparently led to Acorn becoming a Microsoft Solution Provider despite having been "very vocal critics" of Microsoft and its technologies in the past.

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architecture. Deliberations continued into 1986, with Acorn proposing its own ARM processor architecture as the basis for the initiative, whereas Thomson had proposed the Motorola 68000. Expectations that Olivetti would actively market Acorn's machines in Europe were, however, frustrated by

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Collaboration involving Acorn, Olivetti and Thomson (subsequently as SGS-Thomson) continued in the context of research projects, with a consortium of vendors including AEG, Bull, Philips and ICL participating in the Multiworks initiative to develop Unix workstations as part of the European

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In July 1985, Olivetti acquired an additional £4 million of Acorn shares, raising its ownership stake in the company to 79.8%. Major creditors agreed to write off £7.9 million in debts, and the BBC agreed to waive 50% of outstanding royalty payments worth a reported £2 million. This second

594:(then Roger Wilson). It was a semi-professional system aimed at engineering and laboratory users, but its price was low enough, at around £80 (equivalent to £420 in 2023), to appeal to the more serious enthusiast as well. It was a very small machine built on two cards, one with an 2002:

Other companies in the educational market introduced similar products to the SchoolServer. For instance, Datathorn Systems introduced a solution called Super Server based on the Motorola PowerStack server system, which was a PowerPC-based machine capable of running Windows NT 3.51 or

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was acquired by Acorn in late 1983 "reportedly for less than £100,000", transferring a staff of six to Acorn's Maidenhead office to form Acorn's Educational Services division and to provide "the core of education support development within Acorn". Having had a close relationship with

2372:. A subsequent report put the sale price of this division of Acorn at £1.5 million, offering the prescient observation that this new business would itself be acquired for "several million pounds" by an established company in the industry. This anticipated acquisition, involving 1470:

At around the same time, Acorn also bought into Torus Systems - a company developing a "graphics-controlled local network called Icon" for the IBM PC platform - to broaden Acorn's networking expertise. Icon was a solution based on Ethernet, as opposed to the Acorn-related Econet and

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to help complete a revised version of the Proton which met the BBC's specifications. BBC visited Acorn and were given a demonstration of the Proton. Shortly afterwards, the literacy programme computer contract was awarded to Acorn, and the Proton was launched in December 1981 as the

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perform warranty work and technical support for Acorn-manufactured products, renewing an earlier arrangement with Acorn. Acorn Group – the parent company of Acorn Computers Limited – had itself been renamed from Acorn Computer Group in 1997, and the company was subsequently renamed

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Ostensibly facilitated or catalysed by Olivetti's acquisition of Acorn, reports in late 1985 indicated plans for possible collaboration between Acorn, Olivetti and Thomson in the European education sector to define a standard for an educational microcomputer system analogous to the

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Boland, representing Acorn, and former Acorn executive Peter Bondar, representing the consortium. However, Acorn pulled out of this tentative deal amidst accusations of attempts to sideline the consortium and to negotiate directly with its financial backers. It was reported that

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The company had losses of £9 million in the first nine months of the year and in September 1998 the results of the review led to a significant restructuring of the company. The Workstation division was to close, a 40% reduction in staff, and the Risc PC 2 code-named

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major projects were the creation of a new 'consumer device' operating system named Galileo, and, in conjunction with Digital Semiconductor and ARM, a new StrongARM chipset consisting of the SA-1500 and SA-1501. Galileo's main feature was a guarantee of a certain

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Acorn had investigated all of the readily available processors and found them wanting or unavailable to them. After testing all of the available processors and finding them lacking, Acorn decided that it needed a new architecture. Inspired by white papers on the

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After having incorporated its STB and NC business areas as separate companies, Acorn created a new wholly owned subsidiary, Acorn RISC Technologies (ART). ART focused on the development of other software and hardware technologies built on top of ARM processors.

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Olivetti would eventually relinquish majority control of Acorn in early 1996, selling shares to US and UK investment groups to leave the company with a shareholding in Acorn of around 45%. In July 1996, Olivetti announced that it had sold 14.7% of the group to

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was launched in February 1986 and met with considerable success. From 1986 to 1989, about 200,000 systems were sold, each costing £499, mainly to UK schools and universities. A number of enhanced versions were launched, for example, the Master 512, which had

1903:. Having initially deployed set-top boxes based on Risc PC hardware, a second generation of the hardware, STB2, featured the ARM7500 system-on-a-chip, this having been manufactured for Online Media by VLSI, and integrated MPEG video decoding hardware. (The 2007:

4.1, with the Super Server project reportedly being "the product of research at both Oxford and Cambridge universities". Having approval from Acorn and offering interoperability between Acorn and PC platforms, the solution was deployed at several sites.

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supply set-top boxes for the US education market, the order was cancelled and put pressure on Acorn's already straitened financial situation. Various other factors ensured that the predicted video-on-demand boom never really materialised as anticipated.

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Apple and Acorn began to collaborate on developing the ARM, and it was decided that this would be best achieved by a separate company. The bulk of the Advanced Research and Development section of Acorn that had developed the ARM CPU formed the basis of

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dissatisfaction to the point of considering abandoning the range altogether. With rumours of another, potentially cheaper, machine coming from Acorn, dealers eventually started to discount heavily after Christmas. For instance, high street retailer

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posting losses. The purchase, representing 13.25 million of the British computer company's shares, reduced Olivetti's stake in Acorn to about 31.2 percent from 78.5 percent two years ago. Lehman said it intended to resell the shares to investors.

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Acorn unveiled two products last week – a cheap microprocessor chip and a range of scientific workstations. called the Acorn Cambridge Workstation, was developed from Acorn's now defunct range of business micros and is compatible with the BBC

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were too slow to handle the communication protocol that the host 6502-based BBC Micro coped with easily. The National Semiconductor 32016-based model of the ABC range, was developed and later sold in 1985 as the Cambridge Workstation (using the

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with atomic number 14; this change was to reflect the changed nature of the business and to distance itself from the education market that Acorn Computers was most known for. Other names had been considered by the company, but the domain name

1682:, and was considerably more powerful and advanced than most offerings of the day. The Archimedes was advertised in both printed and broadcast media. One example of such advertising is a mock-up of the RISC OS 2 desktop, showing some software 1883:. For the first six months the trial involved 10 VOD terminals; the second phase was expanded to cover 100 homes and eight schools with a further 150 terminals in test labs. A number of other organisations gradually joined in, including the 7050:

Acorn Group plc today announced that following a strategic review of its operations, it is implementing a fundamental restructuring programme which will enable the Company to become more focused as a digital TV and thin-client components

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In 1981 the British government launched a scheme which offered schools 50% of the cost of a computer from one of three suppliers. The computers were the Sinclair Spectrum, the BBC Micro from Acorn and the Research Machines 380Z, all 8-bit

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version was also planned. Advertising was aimed at those with technical expertise, rather than consumers and the education market, with a number of technical specifications listed in the main text of the adverts. Wilson subsequently coded

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eventual financial rescue of Acorn in early 1985, it still had 100,000 unsold Electrons plus an inventory of components which had all been paid for and needed to be stored at additional expense. 40,000 BBC Micros also remained unsold.

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CPU purchased Orbis, and Hopper's Orbis shares were exchanged for shares in CPU Ltd. CPU's role gradually changed as its Acorn brand grew, and soon CPU was simply the holding company and Acorn was responsible for development work.

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Ultimately, the widely anticipated issues around releasing Acorn's 24% shareholding in ARM, with a need for "minimising the massive tax burden posed by disposing the holding", were resolved through "creative accounting courtesy of

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were negotiating to take a controlling share of Acorn in 1985, they were not told about the development team until after the negotiations had been finalised. In 1992, Acorn once more won the Queen's Award for Technology for the

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video server provided the service via ATM switches manufactured by ATML, another company set up by Hauser and Hopper. The trial commenced at a speed of 2 Mbit/s to the home, subsequently increased to 25 Mbit/s.

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expensive than the machine it replaced. It was speculated that the perception of a more competitive machine soon to be launched might well have kept potential purchasers away from the products that Acorn needed to sell.

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Xemplar initially resisted the demand for PC-compatible products in classrooms, limiting its PC offerings to school administration. A survey in 1998 found that Apple and Acorn systems at that time accounted for 47% and

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networking for interactive video with more general Internet features such as Web browsing and Java application support. Described as "the icing on the cake", MPEG2 video decoding hardware was provided by a chipset from

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as number nine in a feature of top ten "Dead IT giants". Many British IT professionals gained their early experiences on Acorns, which were often more technically advanced than commercially successful US hardware.

926:

to introduce microprocessing concepts and educational materials. In 1981, through to 1986, the DoI allocated funding to assist UK local education authorities to supply their schools with a range of computers, the

6903:

Developing and licensing technologies for Internet solutions and interactive TV has also lead us to markets in the US, Japan and Korea, whereas before, we were primarily involved in dealing with UK schools and

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Around 400 ex-Acorn employees and guests are expected to attend the event in Cambridge on September 13th. It will be held in the grounds of Cherry Hinton Hall, close to the company's old headquarters building.

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was established to handle distribution-related logistics and the increasing customer support burden. As part of Acorn's office automation aspirations, conducting "advanced software research and development",

3111: 4096: 1863:(ATML). The trial involved creating a wide area ATM network linking TV-company to subscribers' homes and delivering services such as home shopping, online education, software downloaded on-demand and the 6680:

Acorn ... selling its half of Xemplar. The other joint owner, Apple, now takes full charge of the educational supplier. The deal valued Xemplar at £6 million, with Acorn bagging £3 million for its share.

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had shown the Acorn engineers that they needed to develop a windowing system; this was not going to be easy with a 2–4 MHz 6502-based system doing the graphics. Acorn would need a new architecture.

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Should Acorn abandon the 6502 processor which lay at the heart of all its machines? Should the next machine be full of the latest features or should it sacrifice advanced technology for the mass market?

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framework. Acorn's particular role in Multiworks concerned a low-cost workstation featuring the ARM chipset, alongside a "high-cost authoring workstation" based on Olivetti's CP486 workstation. The

1512:

refinancing left the Acorn founders with less than 15% ownership of the company. Meanwhile, the financial difficulties had reduced the number of employees at Acorn from a peak of 480 to around 270.

1373:

in ARM assembly language, and the in-depth knowledge obtained from designing the instruction set allowed the code to be very dense, making ARM BBC BASIC an extremely good test for any ARM emulator.

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On 23 February 2018 the Acorn trademark made another return when a new company Acorn Inc. Ltd announced a brand new smartphone, the Acorn Micro C5. The Acorn Micro C5 has since been discontinued.

7437:

Acorn Computers Ltd. has changed its name to Element 14 Ltd. as part of its conversion from a computer designer and manufacturer to a developer of software and silicon intellectual property (IP).

2154:

and Olivetti, Hauser and Acorn a few weeks later, Bird was dispatched to San Francisco with Acorn's latest Set Top Box. Oracle had already talked seriously with computer manufacturers including

19:

This article is about the (now defunct) manufacturer of 8-bit microcomputers and 32-bit RISC OS personal computers. For the defunct company that purchased the brand name in the early 2000s, see

529:

The microcomputer kit was named as Acorn System 75. Acorn was chosen because the microcomputer system was to be expandable and growth-oriented. It also had the attraction of appearing before "

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for the BBC Micro. The award paid special tribute to the BBC Micro's advanced design, and it commended Acorn "for the development of a microcomputer system with many innovative features".

266:

Though the company was acquired and largely dismantled in early 1999, with various activities being dispersed amongst new and established companies, its legacy includes the development of

1698:

micros. As with the BBC, the Archimedes instead flourished in schools and other educational settings but just a few years later in the early 1990s this market began stratifying into the

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The BBC Micro sold well—so much so that Acorn's profits rose from £3000 in 1979 to £8.6 million in July 1983. In September 1983, CPU shares were liquidated and Acorn was floated on the

7225:

Acorn Group PLC is beefing up its digital TV business by poaching a seven strong chip design team from ST Microelectronics. ... setting up a £2 million chip research centre in Bristol.

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when that company was spun off in November 1990. Acorn Group and Apple Computer Inc. each had a 43% shareholding in ARM (in 1996), while VLSI was an investor and first ARM licensee.

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Originally, Acorn planned to use Intel's 286 chip in its Archi-medes computer. But because Intel would not let it license the 286 core and adapt it, Acorn decided to design its own.

2237:

that was nearing completion was cancelled. These actions allowed the company to reduce ongoing losses and focus on other activities. Acorn concentrated on development of digital TV

2035:

of computers in UK primary and secondary schools respectively. However, in 1999, with Acorn undergoing restructuring, the company's remaining stake in Xemplar was sold to Apple for

911:

from Newbury Laboratories. This selection revealed the extent of the pressure brought to bear on the supposedly independent BBC's computer literacy project—Newbury was owned by the

571:

At some point, Curry had a disagreement with Sinclair and formally left Science of Cambridge, but did not join the other Acorn employees at Market Hill until a little while later.

3989: 3493: 904:, which saw an opportunity to sell a machine to go with the series. BBC Engineering was instructed to draw up an objective specification for a computer to accompany the series. 2279:. They also started to dispose of some of their interests in the former workstation market and in January 1999 sold their 50% interest in Xemplar Education to Apple Computer. 3480:

Some 400 staffers from that flag bearer of the 1980s UK home computing revolution, Acorn, are to gather next month to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the firm's foundation.

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Olivetti's own assessment of Acorn's products as "too expensive" and the proprietary operating system offering "limited flexibility". Instead, Olivetti sought to promote its

805:

The internals of the System 3 were placed inside the keyboard, creating a quite typical set-up for an inexpensive home computer of the early 1980s: the relatively successful

3803: 1911:

BBC Education tested delivery of radio-on-demand programmes to primary schools, and a new educational service, Education Online, was established to deliver material such as

6978: 1919:

was provided with an inexpensive video server and operated as a provider of trial services, with Anglia Polytechnic University taking up a similar role some time later.

3035: 9062: 3119: 1867:. The wide area network used a combination of fibre and coaxial cable, and the switches were housed in the roadside cabinets of Cambridge Cable's existing network. 7414: 5254: 4086: 8367: 6855: 791:

It was Curry who wanted to target the consumer market. Other factions within Acorn, including the engineers, were happy to be out of that market, considering a

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Association of Advisers for Computers in Education (NAACE) has demanded a radical overhaul of the way decisions about Government IT schemes are made ...

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Oracle has signed up a small British computer design firm called Acorn Computer Group to come up with a blueprint for an inexpensive Internet access device.

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1982. After Curry and Sinclair found out about the BBC's plans, the BBC allowed other manufacturers to submit their proposals. Hauser quickly drafted in

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content over a network. In September 1994 the Cambridge Digital Interactive Television Trial of video-on-demand services was set up by Online Media,

7189: 4907: 2974: 1971:. The Barcelona-based pilot ended in 1997, but the tablet format and ARM architecture may have influenced Intel's 1999 WebPad / Web Tablet program. 8004: 5461: 3537: 939:. In parallel, the DES continued to fund more materials for the computers, such as software and applied computing projects, plus teacher training. 6211: 5721: 2939: 9037: 6304: 5438: 5378: 2876: 7725: 7149: 7064: 3273: 3242: 3211: 3180: 2050:

The Welsh Office Multimedia/Portables Initiative (WOMPI), launched in 1996 to provide primary schools with computer equipment, prescribed that

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shareholding "using the purchase as a tax loss and swapping Acorn investors' shares for ARM shares", and with the bank retaining an estimated

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To facilitate software development, a proprietary local area network had been installed at Market Hill. It was decided to include this, the

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Top Acorn Computers luminaries are planning a reunion for former company staff to mark the firm's 30th birthday, drobe.co.uk has learned.

1748:. Various requirements had been set for the processor in terms of power consumption, cost and performance, and there was also a need for 561: 7925: 6522: 5684: 3999: 3503: 393:(CPU) as the vehicle with which to do this. CPU soon obtained a consultancy contract to develop a microprocessor-based controller for a 7097:"Stuart Halliday - Acorn Cybervillage Announcement - Workstation Division to close, Risc PC 2 work stopped, Acorn World Show postponed" 3760: 931:

being one of the most popular. Schools were offered 50% of the cost of computers, providing they chose one of three models: BBC Micro,

788:

on the development of this machine. It was at this time that Acorn Computers Ltd. was incorporated and Curry moved to Acorn full-time.

2814: 3843: 3456: 2792: 1702:-dominated world. Acorn continued to produce updated models of the Archimedes, including a laptop (the A4), and in 1994 launched the 1520: 5832:"Strategizing under Uncertainty and Ignorance: The influence of knowledge and technological path-dependence on corporate strategies" 5512:... new machine, the RT ... IBM has beaten the British computer firm Acorn in the race to incorporate RISC processors into products. 2295:

bid for the rights to the PC range, but in October 1998 the distribution rights to the existing designs of machines were granted to

401:. The ACE project was started at office space obtained at 4a Market Hill in Cambridge. Initially, the ACE controller was based on a 1967:

for the pilot. The device measured 8.5 × 11 inches (220 × 280 mm) and was being tried in 1996 in Spain by

377:, that Curry wanted to develop further, but Sinclair could not be persuaded so Curry resigned. During the development of the MK14, 7261: 4289: 7329: 4744: 3141: 7123: 6989: 6592: 6419: 5890: 2902: 2847: 1040:

was responsible for the management of the microcomputer business, research and development, and UK sales and marketing, whereas

519:

CPU had financed the development of a SC/MP based microcomputer system using the income from its design-and-build consultancy.

8353: 7789:"DRS Number 03682, Acorn Computers Limited and Roy Johnson, Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service and Companies House WebCheck" 7163: 4966: 3398: 2436:

technologies, with the company being described in 2013 as "the most influential business in the innovation cluster's history".

1860: 881: 2593: 1149: 736: 487: 9022: 7699: 6935: 6172: 3898:

Acorn first started working on its RISC research programme in 1983. has spent £5 million developing the RISC microprocessor

3616: 3420: 3070: 3015: 7883:, taken from 'The ARM RISC Chip: A Programmers' Guide' by Carol Atack and Alex van Someren, published 1993 by Addison-Wesley 6438: 3962: 3043: 2565: 1121: 708: 459: 8872: 7938: 7449: 6826: 6318: 5606: 5285: 2744: 923: 7387: 7033: 5987: 1710:

processor. These were sold mainly into education, specialist and enthusiast markets, such as professional composers using

5703: 1515:

With Brian Long appointed as managing director, Acorn were set to move forward with a new OEM-focused computer named the

7424: 5831: 5262: 1553:

personal computer for the European schools market, offering it to Acorn for sale in the UK (ultimately, as the rebadged

5636: 4022: 3314: 2572: 1128: 715: 466: 7844: 5868: 4508: 2368:

independent Element 14 venture, acquiring the name from the former Acorn Computers Limited which then became known as

2360:

Acorn's set-top box division for approximately £200,000, also obtaining Acorn's rights and obligations with regard to

1467:

range, although this acquisition was never completed, with Torch having pulled out as Acorn's situation deteriorated.

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processor, with 24 MB or 32 MB of RAM, one or two 1 GB hard drives, and built-in Ethernet interfaces.

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in the US, where the 6502 was being updated by what was effectively a single-person company, showed Acorn engineers

8287: 7814: 5774: 5744: 4718: 4182: 3562: 2546: 1102: 893: 689: 607: 440: 7880: 7330:"Acorn Computers Press Release – Acorn announces distribution deal with Castle Technology for RISC based products" 6238: 5484: 8925: 8576: 8474: 7990: 5202: 4588: 4562: 3866: 2579: 2128:, September 1996 issue, "Five Go Nuts in Cambridge: Acorn's mad rush to build the world's first Network Computer" 1872: 1734: 1458: 1135: 972: 722: 622: 473: 366: 143: 82: 7960: 2389:

and taken private by MSDW in February 2000. The company remained active until being dissolved in December 2015.

2047:" programme in the UK, providing hardware and software in exchange for vouchers collected from Tesco purchases. 1631:

was in the ARM Development System, a Tube-linked second processor for the BBC Master which allowed one to write

8172: 6712: 3742: 3714: 2984: 2685: 2550: 1963:. Acorn won a contract to develop a consumer device / receiver, and duly supplied a RISC OS-based touch-screen 1880: 1106: 693: 444: 389:

Curry and Hauser decided to pursue their joint interest in microcomputers and, on 5 December 1978, they set up

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be put into production. In February 1996, Acorn Network Computing was founded. In August 1996 it launched the

1242: 869:

Further Education department conceived the idea of a computer literacy programme, mostly as a follow-up to an

560:, but it was soon decided to bring him into CPU as a director because he could promote CPU's interests at the 9067: 7674:"Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name and Re-Registration of a Public Company as a Private Company" 7164:"Cirrus Logic Enables Reference Design Targeting $ 199 Information Appliances for the Windows NT Environment" 4535: 4236: 4209: 4156: 1052:

focused on component procurement and manufacturing with some distribution responsibilities in local markets.

1009: 8666: 4455: 4059: 2561: 1117: 704: 455: 8887: 8614: 8431: 7735: 7237: 7074: 6790: 6657: 6597: 4773: 4319: 4263: 2734: 2506: 1868: 1749: 798:

To keep costs down and not give the doubters reason to object to the Atom, Curry asked industrial designer

402: 6265: 4402: 1948: 784:

project to target the consumer market. Curry and another designer, Nick Toop, worked from Curry's home in

447: in this section called "The microcomputer systems". Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 8977: 8857: 8542: 7181: 4915: 3592: 859: 5469: 2949: 1338: 8957: 8569: 8157: 8066: 7454: 6203: 5729: 3994: 2868: 1026: 301: 7951: 6297: 5446: 5386: 5019: 4640: 2413: 1667: 1585:, reducing its stake at that time to 31.2%. Lehman said it planned to resell the shares to investors. 1109: in this section called "New RISC architecture". Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 780:

started at Science of Cambridge in May 1979. Learning of this probably prompted Curry to conceive the

602:(the circuitry to the left of the keypad), and the other with the rest of the computer (including the 8744: 7141: 6795: 6468: 4799: 3234: 3203: 3172: 2739: 2242: 1979:

Although Acorn had largely focused on its ARM-based product range offering RISC OS (and, for a time,

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Even from the time of Acorn's earliest systems, the company was considering how to move on from the

245:, England, in 1978. The company produced a number of computers which were especially popular in the 9017: 8046: 7647: 7543: 7279: 6979:"Acorn Group PLC - Preliminary Announcement of Audited Results for the Year Ended 31 December 1998" 6494: 6393: 6366: 6344: 6224: 5098: 5072: 4992: 4940: 4880: 1686:, with the advert text added within windows. However, the vast majority of home users opted for an 1593: 1485: 1318: 1272: 889: 349: 7895: 7513: 7487: 7347: 6729: 6631: 6565: 6539: 6146: 6120: 6057: 6026: 5962: 5910: 5804: 5315: 5228: 5176: 5150: 5124: 5045: 4854: 4692: 4614: 4428: 4376: 4345: 4129: 1835:, focusing on interactive multimedia client hardware. Online Media aimed to exploit the projected 1058:

was responsible for development, production and marketing of software for Acorn's computer range.

8489: 8211: 8128: 7730: 7305: 7069: 6915: 6759: 5584: 2979: 2699: 2539: 2214: 1968: 1922:

It was hoped that Online Media could be floated as a separate company, and a share issue raising

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Acorn also made or attempted various acquisitions. The Computer Education in Schools division of

1414: 1382: 1324:

Sophie Wilson set about developing the instruction set, writing a simulation of the processor in

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to design a case that could also function as an external keyboard for the microcomputer systems.

682: 603: 526:, a trading name used by CPU to keep the risks of the two different lines of business separate. 433: 312: 7622: 6696: 6083:

Ford, Simon; Garnsey, Elizabeth (2007). "Failing to disrupt: the case of the Network Computer".

2312:

he future of this company lies as a leading player in the digital TV system components ...

381:, a friend of Curry's, had been visiting SoC's offices and had grown interested in the product. 8424: 8417: 8177: 8051: 6092: 5940: 5660: 4109: 2724: 2692: 2492: 2455: 2445: 2164: 2092: 2071: 1840: 1711: 1013: 936: 897: 599: 358: 222: 20: 7886: 3669: 3606: 3112:"News - Business Weekly - Technology News - Business news - Cambridge and the East of England" 2184:

Attached Media Processor or AMP). The SA-1500 was to be the first release target for Galileo.

994:

as Acorn's sub-£200 competitor. In many ways a cut-down BBC Micro, it used one Acorn-designed

962:(who had been working for Acorn on a voluntary basis since the ACE fruit machine project) and 795:

to be a rather frivolous product for a company operating in the laboratory equipment market.

8836: 8713: 7984: 6519: 5681: 2586: 2487:

Acorn products featured prominently in a number of Educational television series, including:

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was released commercially by Acorn, for developers to use to compile their own applications.

1306: 1210: 1142: 729: 480: 8952: 8687: 2197: 2146:

in October 1995, Acorn Online Media Managing Director Malcolm Bird realised that Ellison's

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Eventually, under some pressure from the DoI to choose a British system, the BBC chose the

595: 557: 354: 3839: 3467: 2800: 2479:, a drama based on the rivalry between Acorn Computers and Sinclair's competing machines. 1036:

By the end of 1984, Acorn Computer Group was organised into several subsidiary companies.

35: 8: 8650: 6237:

Roger, James-Yves; Roger, Jean-Yves; Stanford-Smith, Brian; Kidd, Paul T. (12 May 1998).

3770: 2138: 1904: 1679: 1188: 696: in this section called "The Atom". Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 649: 406: 4825: 536: 8962: 8547: 8504: 8499: 8246: 8123: 7265: 6772:

The Welsh Office Multimedia and Portables Initiative (WOMPI), launched in 1996 ...

5346: 4297: 4091: 3934: 3689: 3633: 3359:"BBC Micro B lives on: Strong growth for ARM after increased tablet and smartphone use" 3093: 2659: 2433: 2268: 2180: 2151: 2051: 1516: 1196: 340: 7388:"Result of strategic review and implementation of fundamental restructuring programme" 7333: 7034:"Result of strategic review and implementation of fundamental restructuring programme" 7031: 3149: 1558: 1195:

processor card for its System 3 and System 4 models. Several years later in 1985, the

315:

for being a catalyst for start-ups. In 2010, the company was listed by David Meyer in

8967: 8758: 8640: 8620: 8310: 8182: 8144: 7473: 7369: 7127: 6602: 6244: 5887: 5752: 5682:

Acorn Group and Apple Computer Dedicate Joint Venture to Transform IT in UK Education

3872: 3693: 3612: 3265: 3011: 2913: 2844: 2296: 2288: 2234: 1984: 1916: 1848: 1699: 1545: 1223:

existing technology: the BBC Micro mainboard, the Tube and second processors to give

842:

After the Atom had been released into the market, Acorn contemplated building modern

370: 227: 46: 7788: 7167: 7032:

Boland, Stan; Rollo Head, Sarah Pascoe (Shandwick Consultants) (17 September 1998).

3938: 3388: 3097: 1292:

was completely trounced in performance terms by a 4 MHz 6502. Furthermore, the

365:(NEB) for help. After losing control of the company to the NEB, Sinclair encouraged 8862: 8779: 8706: 8625: 8400: 8152: 7930: 7904:(32016 chip as example of "how to completely make a mess of things"), Sophie Wilson 6102: 5748: 3926: 3823: 3681: 3085: 2284: 2256: 2155: 2147: 1655: 1632: 1200: 873: 870: 843: 271: 254: 212: 6943: 6427:(Technical report). Acorn Computers Limited. July 1995 – via Chris's Acorns. 6180: 3430: 2119: 8645: 7955: 7942: 6922: 6830: 6716: 6526: 5894: 5872: 5707: 5688: 5640: 4116: 3930: 3822:

Happily, all the mainframe power you have been waiting for can now be found in a

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of Acorn Computers from David Lee, initiating a review of Acorn's core business.

1964: 1937: 1912: 1892: 1852: 1836: 1695: 1582: 1463: 908: 901: 799: 293: 8345: 7935: 7460: 6823: 6322: 2833:

Acorn Computers, once regarded as the UK's equivalent of Apple Computer ...

1305:

project, Acorn seriously considered designing its own processor. A visit to the

892:. It was a very influential documentary—so much so that questions were asked in 8583: 8484: 8240: 8233: 8118: 8097: 7391: 7037: 5551: 3685: 2706: 2642: 2348: 1988: 1864: 1778: 1671: 1267: 991: 947: 829: 641: 637: 629: 614: 587: 579: 378: 336: 311:

Acorn is sometimes referred to as the "British Apple" and has been compared to

305: 250: 246: 202: 187: 182: 153: 128: 114: 77: 6758:. Rhondda Cynon Taff Education & Children's Services. 2001. Archived from 6106: 5700: 5576: 4483:"Britain's Torus Systems employs icons to help IBM PC users on local networks" 2213:

During the first half of 1998 Acorn's management were heavily involved in the

1635:

for the new system. It sold for £4,500 and included the ARM processor, 4

9011: 8877: 8514: 8089: 5937:"ARM Announces Single Chip Solution for Multimedia and Portable Applications" 5611: 4095:. pp. Late City Final Edition, Section D, Page 1, Column 6, 1115 words. 3968: 3809: 3338: 2729: 2673: 2218: 2143: 2055: 1758: 1599: 1390: 1365: 1344: 1314: 1302: 1281: 1248: 1192: 963: 792: 777: 591: 285: 163: 7836: 5633: 4030: 3517:

the grounds of Cherry Hinton Hall, Cambridge, close to the company's old HQ.

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The Electron had been launched in 1983, but problems with the supply of its

1048:

dealt with sales to the US and to other international markets respectively.

982:

Principal creators of the BBC micro in 2008, some 26 years after its release

8947: 8815: 8763: 8479: 8444: 8320: 8102: 7898:(Motorola 68000 was considered as a replacement to 6502), Paul DeMone, 2000 7548: 7310: 7242: 6662: 5865: 3462: 2253: 2207: 1856: 1745: 1550: 1524: 1419: 1355:

initiated its RISC research project in October 1983, and by 1987 had spent

1310: 1285: 978: 959: 855: 834: 394: 297: 281: 148: 2351:", with an offshore subsidiary of the bank acquiring Acorn, releasing the 1624:

compatibility, and the Master Turbo, which had a 65C102 second processor.

858:(I/O). The Tube would later be instrumental in the development of Acorn's 8630: 8509: 8494: 8295: 8167: 3990:"High hopes for Advanced Risc Machines Ltd as Acorn returns to the black" 2819: 2249: 2238: 2222: 1769: 1675: 1617: 1562: 1423: 1277: 987: 951: 633: 545: 284:. Some activities established by Acorn lived on: technology developed by 158: 6240:

Technologies for the Information Society: Developments and Opportunities

3909: 3010:(1st ed.). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books LTD. p. 262. 2401: 2150:

was, basically, an Acorn set-top box. After initial discussions between

263:

computer dominated the UK educational computer market during the 1980s.

8972: 8464: 8438: 8395: 8325: 8315: 8133: 8107: 3336:

Langley, Nick (9 September 1989). "Schools: the early learning curve".

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bit RISC environment making it that much simpler to fabricate and test.

2630: 2553: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2499: 2459: 2300: 2246: 2017: 1741: 1730: 1608: 1407: 1389:

operating system required around 200 OS development staff at its peak.

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reunion event to mark the 30th anniversary of the company's formation.

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to leave Radionics and get Science of Cambridge (SoC—an early name for

361:

led to financial problems, and Sinclair approached government body the

344: 289: 207: 192: 7945:

documentation of the Atom and many extensions made by Dutch Atom clubs

6337:"European Commission : CORDIS : Help : : Archives" 6173:"European Commission : CORDIS : Help : : Archives" 3910:

Garnsey, Elizabeth; Lorenzoni, Gianni; Ferriani, Simone (March 2008).

2625:

Acorn products spawned a series of dedicated publications, including:

373:) up and running. In June 1978, SoC launched a microcomputer kit, the 8908: 8867: 8789: 8552: 8537: 8469: 8390: 8376: 8271: 8112: 8041: 7978: 6695:(Press release). Xemplar Education. 18 September 1998. Archived from 3765: 2719: 2475: 2267:

To concentrate on these two activities Acorn hired a group of former

2102:

and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved.

1707: 1663: 1554: 1436: 1326: 1263: 1215: 1054: 968: 942: 825: 645: 259: 242: 197: 124: 7871: 6709: 2903:"Agglomeration and Growth: A Study of the Cambridge Hi-Tech Cluster" 2528: 2202: 1646: 1084: 671: 422: 8892: 8882: 8831: 8635: 7419: 6851: 3393: 2749: 2373: 2170: 2124: 1687: 1636: 1613: 1577:

was to be used as the basis of the Unix operating system provided.

1574: 1504: 1427: 1377: 785: 7996: 7887:"From Atom to ARC – The ups and downs of the development of Acorn" 3912:"Speciation through entrepreneurial spin-off: The Acorn-ARM story" 3071:"Speciation through entrepreneurial spin-off: The Acorn-ARM story" 2329:(though still owned by Acorn Group plc), referring to the element 2245:(silicon and software). It also produced a reference design for a 2221:

which raised £18 million for Acorn throughout 1998. In June 1998,

1639:

of RAM and a set of development tools with an enhanced version of

8841: 8810: 8729: 8162: 8061: 8056: 6693:"Xemplar Education continues to offer all three school platforms" 5842: 3008:

Sinclair and the Sunrise Technology: The Deconstruction of a Myth

2912:. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. Archived from 2754: 2450:

In early 2006, the dormant Acorn trademark was licensed from the

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the value of memory bandwidth. It also showed that an 8 MHz

768: 644:

was largely similar to the System 4, but included a newer 2

522:

This system was launched in January 1979 as the first product of

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http://adrenaline.ucsd.edu/onr/annotation%20devices.html#newspad

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Garnsey, Elizabeth; Lorenzoni, Gianni; Ferriani, Simone (2008).

8794: 8784: 8448: 8305: 8227: 7874:(LISA influence, Berkeley RISC, Fabrication date), April 1988, 6448:. No. 10. Acorn Computers Limited. Spring 1996. p. 46 5905: 5903: 5875:, white paper, Mediation Technology, last modified 18 June 1999 4935: 4933: 2666: 2451: 2262: 2059: 1621: 1376:

Such was the secrecy surrounding the ARM CPU project that when

1228: 813: 574: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6961: 5020:"Centralized decision making hurts foreign firms in U.S. mart" 4737: 6885: 6495:"Datathorn lands first big Super Server contract in Scotland" 6085:

International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning

5011: 4026: 3892:

Hammond, Ray (18 June 1987). "'Fastest' micro in the world".

3498: 3425: 2944: 2191: 2040: 1932: 1896: 1844: 1706:, whose top specification would later include a 233 MHz 1691: 1670:(Acorn RISC Machine) chip, the Archimedes was popular in the 1658:

desktop-computer, released in mid-1987, some 18 months after

1403: 1236: 619: 398: 317: 7807:"Historic UK Tech Brand Acorn is Back With a New Smartphone" 6236: 6019: 5900: 5797: 4930: 4659: 4474: 2862: 2860: 1276:

and the alternative option of upgrading a BBC Micro using a

8982: 8330: 8071: 7963:

from Retro Madness, the museum of home computing and gaming

7948: 7124:"Acorn : Acorn and Element 14 - Questions and Answers" 6958: 6626: 6624: 6270: 6113: 5195: 4792: 4633: 3295:

Attack, Carol (October–December 1988). "From Atom to Arc".

1232: 1224: 1219: 374: 8698: 7571:"Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 December 1998" 6916:

Acorn Looks to the Stars With New Galileo Operating System

6487: 6052: 6050: 6048: 5221: 4581: 4554: 3029: 3027: 1744:

was developing an entirely new computing platform for its

8609: 7640: 7506: 7480: 6385: 6359: 5091: 4959: 4255: 4043:

In Acorn's prime, 200 people worked on developing the OS

3998:. Computer Business Review. 26 April 1992. Archived from 2857: 2226: 1888: 1659: 1541: 1317:

they did not need massive resources and state-of-the-art

866: 7966: 7666: 6621: 6558: 6532: 5308: 5169: 5143: 4371: 4369: 4367: 3068: 2325:

By January 1999, Acorn Computers Limited had renamed to

2271:

silicon-design engineers and they formed the basis of a

850:

One of the developments proposed for the Proton was the

7889:, from October, November and December 1988 editions of 6881:"Five years ago: Acorn fights back with reduced losses" 6045: 5277: 5117: 5064: 3457:"Acorn alumni to toast tech pioneer's 30th anniversary" 3024: 6925:, Acorn Computer Group press release, 10 February 1997 6722: 6139: 5569: 4818: 4766: 4175: 2338:

had been registered before the official announcement.

1952:

Risc User: NewsPad – covered in the October 1996 issue

6460: 6298:"Intel's NewsPad from Acorn... the saga continues..." 5861: 5859: 4711: 4685: 4607: 4509:"British Information Services Advertising Supplement" 4364: 4312: 3555: 2969: 2967: 7563: 7537: 7535: 5655: 5653: 3589:"October 6 1983 - Electronics Times - Find Articles" 3530:"Mighty Acorn holding 30th anniversary reunion bash" 3421:"Acorn celebs to mark 30th anniversary with reunion" 2454:

company Aristide & Co Antiquaire de Marques, by

640:

by including a larger case with a second drive. The

582:, upper board; this one was shipped on 9 April 1979. 7865:(including details of BBC contract), December 1981 6719:

Webcheck service, search for previous company names

6439:"Whole school networking - impressive connectivity" 5677: 5675: 5673: 1843:system which would allow users to select and watch 1489:decision-making agility for a timely intervention. 7987:The collection at The Centre for Computing History 7975:develop computers and embedded systems for RISC OS 7459: 7450:"Acorn plans name change to reflect new ambitions" 7272: 5856: 5728:. The Centre for Computing History. Archived from 5468:. The Centre for Computing History. Archived from 5445:. The Centre for Computing History. Archived from 5385:. The Centre for Computing History. Archived from 4914:. The Centre for Computing History. Archived from 4849: 4847: 3864: 3668:Fleck, Vivien; Garnsey, Elizabeth (1 March 1988). 3492:Goodwins, Rupert; Barker, Colin (29 August 2008). 2964: 2815:"Acorn founder advocates moving datacentres to NZ" 1335:together to implement Wilson's model in hardware. 1020: 8375: 7614: 7532: 5963:"Acorn Online Media STB20 circuit board (hi-res)" 5650: 5316:"Olivetti relinquishes majority control of Acorn" 4501: 2439: 2432:The legacy of the company's work is evidenced in 2341: 2299:to supply Acorn's dealer network. In March 1999, 2016:In 1996, Acorn entered into a joint venture with 1777:In 1993, Acorn decided to offer an Acorn branded 1565:to the Italian market with its Prodest branding. 1492: 900:(DoI) became interested in the programme, as did 353:wristwatch and the calculator market's move from 9063:Defunct computer companies of the United Kingdom 9009: 7908:Flotation of Acorn on Unlisted Securities Market 6685: 5939:(Press release). 18 October 1994. Archived from 5897:, TUANZ Topics, Volume 05, No. 10, November 1995 5670: 4421: 4338: 3761:"IBM's Invention of the First Personal Computer" 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 1915:television programmes and educational software. 1666:. The first RISC-based home computer, using the 1557:). Olivetti would eventually offer both Acorn's 606:). Almost all CPU signals were accessible via a 430:This section called "The microcomputer systems" 7863:Personal Computer World review of the BBC Micro 7717: 7390:. Element 14. 17 September 1998. Archived from 7205:"Acorn poaches ST Microelectronics design team" 7118: 7116: 7114: 7056: 5839:Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques 5745:"Acorn Press Release 3 of 8 (Acorn Pocketbook)" 5661:"Low power hardware for a high performance PDA" 5038: 4985: 4873: 4844: 4527: 4447: 4228: 4201: 4122: 4119:Acorn Electron - Release and ULA supply issues. 4023:"Castle, RISCOS Ltd., FinnyBank theatre report" 3837: 3611:. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1990. p. 139. 2379: 1871:developed the technology used by the trial. An 556:networking system Hopper had worked on for his 343:to develop and sell electronic devices such as 7182:"Acorn DeskLite Prototype - Computing History" 5883: 5881: 5523: 5247: 3491: 3036:"UK electronics – a fallen or sleeping giant?" 3005: 1544:computing architecture and to the established 241:was a British computer company established in 8714: 8361: 8012: 7756: 7723: 7062: 6783: 6431: 6412: 6027:"Changes as core business posts another loss" 5992:. C-Cube Microsystems. Spring 1994. p. 3 5667:. Digest of Technical Papers. IEEE Symposium. 3950:the first silicon was run on April 26th 1985. 3652: 2680:They also featured in dedicated sections of: 819: 7969:develop Acorn's OS under licence from Castle 7111: 6819: 6817: 5955: 5506:"IBM's simple route to powerful computing". 4053: 4051: 3667: 3312: 2866: 2263:Refocusing and discontinuation of activities 1588: 1418:ephemeral: rather than wait, parents bought 1092:This section called "New RISC architecture" 412: 7993:—at Manchester University on 17 August 2009 6204:"Acorn NCs, STBs & Prototypes: NewsPAD" 6082: 5878: 5742: 5544: 5401: 4395: 3707: 3599: 2781:on 16 March 2018 – via The Telegraph. 2650:, renamed due to a trade mark objection) / 2462:. This company was dissolved in late 2009. 2275:silicon-design centre that Acorn set up in 1831:In 1994, Acorn established a new division, 586:The Acorn Microcomputer, later renamed the 562:University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory 288:, created by Acorn as a joint venture with 9048:Defunct manufacturing companies of England 8721: 8707: 8368: 8354: 8019: 8005: 6777: 6529:Acorn/Apple press release on joint venture 6121:"Acorn seeks the meaning of its existence" 5980: 5929: 5888:Cambridge Corners the Future in Networking 5691:, press release from Acorn Computers, 1996 5203:"Herman Hauser moves to top Olivetti post" 3595:on 11 July 2012 – via Find Articles. 3389:"BBC Micro ignites memories of revolution" 2303:acquired a licence to develop and release 2192:1998–1999: Element 14 and MSDW acquisition 1067:was established in Palo Alto, California. 34: 9043:Defunct companies based in Cambridgeshire 9033:Computer companies disestablished in 2015 9028:Computer companies disestablished in 2000 7896:"ARM's Race to Embedded World Domination" 7025: 6814: 6096: 6076: 5376: 5370: 5342:"Olivetti Sells Shares in Acorn Computer" 4673:. July 1984. pp. 15–16, 19–20, 23–24 4148: 4048: 3740: 3734: 3356: 2854:. Simon Booth, European Commission, 1999. 2799:. Nikkei Electronics Asia. Archived from 2638:while its publisher was owned by the BBC) 2613:Learn how and when to remove this message 1169:Learn how and when to remove this message 756:Learn how and when to remove this message 507:Learn how and when to remove this message 405:microprocessor, but soon the switch to a 7949:About Acorn computers and ARM processors 7544:"ARM denies role in Acorn dismemberment" 7415:"Acorn renamed, refocused as Element 14" 7262:"Acorn : Acorn Sells Xemplar Stake" 7089: 6936:"TopixWEB - Acorn World '97 Transcripts" 5409:"The 200,000th Master finds a good home" 5283: 3826:micro – the Acorn Cambridge Workstation. 2940:"Dead IT giants: A top 10 of the fallen" 2869:"From the BBC Micro, little Acorns grew" 2201: 2169: 2118: 2081: 2054:choosing the multimedia option received 1947: 1768: 1645: 1592: 1337: 1241: 1074: 977: 941: 833: 767: 573: 535: 7692: 7589: 6848:"Oracle signs up Acorn for Net devices" 6263: 4693:"Troubled Acorn faces winding-up order" 4261: 3891: 3335: 3006:Adamson, Ian; Kennedy, Richard (1986). 2900: 1753:not have the resources to develop one. 838:The BBC micro released by Acorn in 1981 384: 9038:Computer companies established in 1978 9010: 7620: 7541: 7412: 7202: 7174: 7156: 7134: 6466: 6391: 5829: 5017: 4533: 4453: 4403:"Acorn searches for way out of crisis" 4234: 4207: 4154: 4084: 4057: 4020: 3294: 3062: 2793:"ARM CPU Core Dominates Mobile Market" 1861:Advanced Telecommunication Modules Ltd 1206:processor as a step up from the 6502. 896:. As a result of these questions, the 270:(RISC) personal computers. One of its 8702: 8667:Adapters (IEEE488, Prestel, Teletext) 8349: 8000: 7847:from the original on 25 January 2018. 7759:"Acorn legacy still earning billions" 7370:"RISCOS Ltd Press Release 05/03/1999" 7348:"RISCOS to continue OS 4 development" 6201: 6147:"Acorn reveals most advanced STB yet" 5772: 5719: 5587:from the original on 11 December 2021 5482: 5459: 5436: 5070: 4905: 4560: 4480: 4099:from the original on 6 December 2008. 3722:. Acorn Computers Limited. p. 36 3494:"Acorn to celebrate 30th anniversary" 3454: 3263: 3232: 3201: 3170: 3033: 2937: 2845:Report on Network Computer Technology 2775:"History of ARM: from Acorn to Apple" 1654:The second ARM-based product was the 1396: 1046:Acorn Computers International Limited 986:In April 1982, Sinclair launched the 950:, Acorn's sub-£200 competitor to the 7358:from the original on 3 October 2012. 7318:from the original on 10 August 2017. 7250:from the original on 3 October 2012. 6858:from the original on 26 October 2012 6730:"Tesco Computers for Schools update" 6590: 6566:"Xemplar Pentiums not for classroom" 6307:from the original on 10 August 2017. 6278:from the original on 2 November 2012 6210:. The Centre for Computing History. 5781:. The Centre for Computing History. 5491:. The Centre for Computing History. 5377:Whytehead, Chris (31 October 2008). 5255:"Multimedia Integrated Workstations" 4941:"Optimism reigns despite '87 losses" 4515:. 12 November 1984. pp. 104–109 3670:"Managing Growth at Acorn Computers" 3313:Kibble-White, Jack (December 2005). 3272:. The Centre for Computing History. 3241:. The Centre for Computing History. 3210:. The Centre for Computing History. 3179:. The Centre for Computing History. 2745:Microelectronics Education Programme 2551:adding citations to reliable sources 2522: 2396: 2075: 2065: 2011: 1764: 1107:adding citations to reliable sources 1078: 924:Microelectronics Education Programme 694:adding citations to reliable sources 665: 445:adding citations to reliable sources 416: 9053:Defunct computer hardware companies 8026: 7215:from the original on 3 October 2012 7192:from the original on 19 March 2016. 7146:chrisacorns.computinghistory.org.uk 6670:from the original on 3 October 2012 4290:"Starring the Computer - Supergirl" 3784:"Acorn re-enters the marketplace". 2975:"Great oaks from little Acorns? No" 2867:Shillingford, Joia (8 March 2001). 2241:and high performance media centric 2206:The distinctive yellow case of the 1991:), employing a single 100 MHz 1787:, with a later variant branded the 920:Department of Education and Science 13: 9058:Defunct computer systems companies 7902:"Sophie Wilson's most admired CPU" 7813:. 23 February 2018. Archived from 7757:Quested, Tony (15 November 2013). 7152:from the original on 5 April 2016. 7107:from the original on 25 July 2011. 6593:"Apple's bigger bite;Market Moves" 6321:. 15 December 2013. Archived from 6214:from the original on 13 June 2021. 5830:Sapsed, Jonathan (10 April 2001), 5495:from the original on 13 June 2021. 5177:"Acorn RISCs it on micro standard" 4130:"Beeb safe, but ABCs under review" 3838:Chisnall, David (23 August 2010). 3357:Sadauskas, Andrew (27 July 2012). 2983:. 26 November 1998. Archived from 2468: 2091:appears to contradict the article 1065:Acorn Research Center Incorporated 1050:Acorn Computers (Far East) Limited 14: 9079: 7981:are the current owners of RISC OS 7919: 7413:Clarke, Peter (14 January 1999). 7306:"Acorn builds Castles in the Air" 7203:Cullen, Drew (15 December 1998). 7036:. Acorn Computers. Archived from 6591:Cole, George (12 February 1999). 6264:Pelline, Jeff (5 November 1996). 5785:from the original on 13 June 2021 5151:"Big three go for European micro" 4780:. 28 February 1985. pp. 1, 4 3840:"Understanding ARM Architectures" 3429:. 28 January 2008. Archived from 3401:from the original on 7 April 2008 3276:from the original on 13 June 2021 3245:from the original on 13 June 2021 3214:from the original on 13 June 2021 3183:from the original on 13 June 2021 2938:Meyer, David (19 November 2010). 2901:Athreye, Suma S. (18 July 2000). 2317:Chief Executive, Stan Boland, in 268:reduced instruction set computing 8739: 8738: 7829: 7799: 7781: 7750: 7726:"Acorn dies but legacy lives on" 7621:Cullen, Drew (14 October 2000). 7458:. 5 January 1999. Archived from 7442: 7406: 7380: 7362: 7340: 7322: 7298: 7280:"Phoenix burns after Acorn snub" 7254: 7238:"Acorn falls off education tree" 7230: 7196: 7142:"Chris's Acorns: Acorn DeskLite" 7065:"Acorn stops making desktop PCs" 7063:Clark, Etelka (4 October 1998). 7007: 6928: 6909: 6873: 6840: 6748: 6703: 6658:"Acorn falls off education tree" 6650: 6584: 6513: 6329: 6311: 6290: 6257: 6230: 6218: 6195: 6165: 6004: 5823: 5766: 5736: 5713: 5694: 5627: 5599: 5354:from the original on 18 May 2013 5229:"Acorn works on Unix for Europe" 4774:"Electron in doubt after rescue" 4085:Sanger, David E. (3 July 1984). 3846:from the original on 3 July 2013 3536:. 28 August 2008. Archived from 2910:SIEPR Discussion Paper No. 00-42 2879:from the original on 10 May 2014 2777:. 6 January 2011. Archived from 2527: 2400: 2080: 1881:Acorn Online Media Set Top Boxes 1826: 1627:The first commercial use of the 1503:Hauser signed an agreement with 1246:Cambridge Workstation advert in 1083: 670: 421: 397:for Ace Coin Equipment (ACE) of 330: 115:MSDW Investment Holdings Limited 8998:Addition of major functionality 8926:ARM system-on-chip architecture 8577:Doctor Who: The First Adventure 7332:(Press release). Archived from 6601:. TSL Education. Archived from 5811:. September 1994. pp. 9–11 5524:Pountain, Dick (October 1987). 5517: 5510:. 30 January 1986. p. 36. 5499: 5476: 5453: 5430: 5334: 5286:"Europe United with Multimedia" 5261:. December 1993. Archived from 5018:Warner, Edward (30 June 1986). 4899: 4719:"Acorn's shares re-open on USM" 4282: 4103: 4087:"Warner Sells Atari To Tramiel" 4078: 4021:Hansen, Martin (1 March 2004). 4014: 3982: 3955: 3903: 3885: 3868:ARM system-on-chip architecture 3858: 3831: 3796: 3777: 3753: 3741:Whytehead, Chris (2 May 2014). 3581: 3522: 3485: 3448: 3413: 3381: 3350: 3329: 3306: 3288: 3257: 3226: 3195: 3164: 3134: 3104: 2538:needs additional citations for 2376:, occurred the following year. 1974: 1426:for their children's presents. 1385:. Acorn's development of their 1094:needs additional citations for 1021:1983–1985: Acorn Computer Group 1012:organised an event at London's 971:. In April 1984, Acorn won the 681:needs additional citations for 679:This section called "The Atom" 432:needs additional citations for 280:, continues to be developed by 7542:Cullen, Drew (24 April 1999). 6889:. 8 March 2002. Archived from 6784:Evans, Arnold (1 March 1996). 6467:Rowell, Dave (November 1995). 6266:""Daily me" device on horizon" 6011:"Acorn takes shares to City". 5743:Alan Glover (27 August 1992). 4855:"The saving of Acorn - part 2" 4806:. 25 February 1985. p. 38 4481:Jones, Keith (November 1984). 4189:. 28 February 1985. p. 10 3591:. 11 July 2012. Archived from 3455:Smith, Tony (28 August 2008). 3034:Sethi, Anand (15 April 2008). 2999: 2931: 2894: 2838: 2807: 2785: 2767: 2440:Revival of the Acorn trademark 2342:Acquisition and asset disposal 1694:when looking to upgrade their 1493:1985–1998: Olivetti subsidiary 1: 8672:Second processors (6502, Z80) 8377:BBC Computer Literacy Project 7855: 7724:Clark, Etelka (1 July 1999). 7166:. 29 May 2009. Archived from 6837:magazine 2.09, September 1996 6632:"Acorn sells Xemplar holding" 6540:"Acorn and Apple join forces" 5805:"Acorn launches Online Media" 5634:"The RISC for the Rest of Us" 5607:"The Archimedes 400/1 Series" 5046:"Acorn Enters the Land of Oz" 4973:. 17 December 1987. p. 4 4826:"Olivetti cash revives Acorn" 4699:. 21 February 1985. p. 1 4409:. 16 February 1985. p. 1 4383:. 14 February 1985. p. 1 4326:. 17 November 1983. p. 1 3788:. 8 August 1985. p. 32. 3674:Journal of General Management 1010:Computer Conservation Society 1005:than for its other products. 391:Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd. 16:British computer manufacturer 9023:Companies based in Cambridge 8615:Cambridge Systems Technology 8432:Making the Most of the Micro 7991:Steve Furber Video Interview 7881:"The history of the ARM CPU" 7264:. 6 May 1999. Archived from 7126:. 6 May 1999. Archived from 6791:Times Educational Supplement 6598:Times Educational Supplement 6572:. September 1996. p. 10 5911:"Big month for Online Media" 5775:"Acorn Launches Pocket Book" 5647:(ART), 1996. ARM Evangelist. 5284:Davidson, C. (5 June 1991). 5259:IST NoEs Information Service 4881:"Communicator's wide appeal" 4264:"Amstrad Education Campaign" 4262:Littler, Gareth (May 1985). 3931:10.1016/j.respol.2007.11.006 3090:10.1016/j.respol.2007.11.006 2735:List of Acorn Electron games 2518: 2507:Making the Most of the Micro 2482: 2380:1999–2015: Legacy operations 1869:Olivetti Research Laboratory 973:Queen's Award for Technology 886:National Physical Laboratory 533:" in a telephone directory. 403:National Semiconductor SC/MP 296:in 1990, is dominant in the 7: 8978:The Electronic Font Foundry 8728: 8543:Advanced Disc Filing System 7654:. Christmas 1999. p. 8 7286:. Christmas 1998. p. 6 6546:. April 1996. pp. 9–10 6501:. February 1995. p. 14 6456:– via Chris's Acorns. 5989:Product Catalog Spring 1994 4887:. December 1985. p. 11 4861:. September 1985. p. 7 4754:. November 1983. p. 15 4595:. October 1986. p. 444 4561:Jones, Russell (May 1986). 4454:Kewney, Guy (August 1988). 3865:Furber, Stephen B. (2000). 3805:Acorn Cambridge Workstation 3569:. 6 October 1983. p. 3 3142:"Acorn System 1 price list" 3042:. IML Group. Archived from 2713: 2142:screened an interview with 1717: 1478:Optical Information Systems 1071:rounded out the portfolio. 655: 58:; 45 years ago 10: 9084: 8745:Category: RISC OS software 8570:Doctor Who and the Warlord 7926:The Acorn Atom pre-history 7623:"Broadcom eats Element 14" 7455:Computergram International 6736:. December 1996. p. 9 6392:Burley, Ian (March 1995). 5235:. December 1988. p. 7 5157:. November 1985. p. 7 5071:Ensor, Philip (May 1994). 4999:. February 1986. p. 9 4725:. 14 March 1985. p. 4 4647:. 21 May 1984. p. 118 4621:. December 1990. p. 7 4155:Kewney, Guy (April 1985). 4058:Kewney, Guy (March 1985). 3995:Computergram International 3871:. Boston: Addison-Wesley. 3686:10.1177/030630708801300301 3315:"Standby for a Data-Blast" 2443: 2195: 2069: 1943: 1662:launched their RISC-based 1180: 1042:Acorn Computer Corporation 1027:Unlisted Securities Market 918:In 1980–1982, the British 823: 820:BBC Micro and the Electron 659: 544:Around this time, CPU and 325: 302:personal digital assistant 18: 8991: 8935: 8917: 8901: 8850: 8824: 8803: 8772: 8751: 8736: 8680: 8659: 8597: 8561: 8530: 8523: 8457: 8409: 8383: 8285: 8220: 8204: 8195: 8142: 8087: 8080: 8034: 6824:Five Go Nuts in Cambridge 6319:"Home - Intel Web Tablet" 6253:– via Google Books. 6107:10.1504/IJTIP.2007.013035 5871:29 September 2007 at the 5350:. New York. 2 July 1996. 5105:. August 1994. p. 11 4832:. 30 July 1985. p. 1 4563:"Networking made simpler" 4235:Kewney, Guy (July 1985). 4208:Kewney, Guy (June 1985). 2740:List of British computers 2392: 1901:local education authority 1885:National Westminster Bank 1735:Advanced Technology Group 1722:Acorn's silicon partner, 1589:BBC Master and Archimedes 1191:processor, introducing a 990:. Curry conceived of the 913:National Enterprise Board 413:The microcomputer systems 363:National Enterprise Board 175: 134: 120: 109: 91: 70: 52: 42: 33: 6638:. March 1999. p. 10 6373:. March 1993. p. 10 6064:. August 1995. p. 9 6015:. May 1995. p. 392. 5645:Advanced RISC Technology 5322:. April 1996. p. 10 5209:. April 1986. p. 11 4971:Popular Computing Weekly 4778:Popular Computing Weekly 4723:Popular Computing Weekly 4697:Popular Computing Weekly 4589:"Third party networking" 4534:Kewney, Guy (May 1985). 4381:Popular Computing Weekly 4324:Popular Computing Weekly 4187:Popular Computing Weekly 3608:Acorn Computer Group PLC 2760: 2058:exclusively supplied by 1603:, 9 September 1989 issue 1319:research and development 1280:. The machine had shown 1060:Vector Marketing Limited 1031:Acorn Computer Group plc 890:microcomputer revolution 8660:BBC-branded peripherals 8410:TV programmes, services 8401:Archimedes range, A3000 7931:RISC OS and Acorn pages 7867:Personal Computer World 7731:Personal Computer World 7186:computinghistory.org.uk 7070:Personal Computer World 6127:. March 1996. p. 9 6058:"Two-page Acorn update" 6033:. April 1995. p. 9 5753:comp.sys.acorn.announce 5706:1 February 2010 at the 5485:"A500 second processor" 5418:. March 1989. p. 3 5183:. April 1986. p. 7 5125:"Acorn's balance sheet" 4993:"Acorn moves out of US" 4540:Personal Computer World 4460:Personal Computer World 4320:"Acorn shot in the arm" 4294:starringthecomputer.com 4241:Personal Computer World 4214:Personal Computer World 4161:Personal Computer World 4136:. April 1985. p. 7 4115:11 October 2009 at the 4064:Personal Computer World 3567:Popular Computer Weekly 2980:Personal Computer World 2700:Personal Computer World 2473:In 2009, BBC4 screened 2215:initial public offering 1969:Ediciones Primera Plana 1684:application directories 1616:of RAM and an internal 1259:Acorn Business Computer 1183:ARM architecture family 1038:Acorn Computers Limited 996:uncommitted logic array 313:Fairchild Semiconductor 8995:Current companies only 8936:Related and historical 8425:The Computer Programme 8418:Now the Chips Are Down 7954:11 August 2011 at the 7837:"Micro Men - BBC Four" 7520:. July 1999. p. 7 7494:. June 1999. p. 6 5131:. May 1996. p. 10 5052:. July 1990. p. 7 4947:. June 1988. p. 9 4800:"International Report" 4435:. June 1984. p. 7 4407:Personal Computer News 4377:"Black week for Acorn" 4352:. June 1984. p. 7 4346:"Acorn acquires Torch" 3716:This is Acorn Computer 2725:Amber (processor core) 2693:Personal Computer News 2493:The Computer Programme 2446:Acorn Computers (2006) 2314: 2210: 2175: 2174:An Acorn NetStation NC 2165:Acorn Network Computer 2129: 2098:Please discuss at the 2093:Acorn Network Computer 2072:Acorn Network Computer 1953: 1841:interactive television 1774: 1750:fully static operation 1651: 1604: 1410:nearly went bankrupt. 1349: 1266:response times of the 1253: 983: 954: 937:Research Machines 380Z 898:Department of Industry 839: 773: 583: 541: 223:Acorn Network Computer 21:Acorn Computers (2006) 8636:Pace Micro Technology 6786:"When a PC is non-PC" 6469:"NT Roars on the 604" 6394:"Cuckoo in the nest?" 6367:"Acorns and PCs Meet" 6153:. May 1997. p. 6 5917:. May 1995. p. 9 5893:15 April 2016 at the 5665:Low Power Electronics 5552:"Acorn Print Adverts" 5526:"The Archimedes A310" 4830:Home Computing Weekly 4268:Amstrad Computer User 4060:"Unfinished business" 3964:Acorn Risc technology 2803:on 11 September 2011. 2310: 2205: 2196:Further information: 2173: 2122: 2045:Computers for Schools 1960:2001: A Space Odyssey 1951: 1772: 1649: 1597:Reader reply card in 1596: 1521:Cambridge Workstation 1341: 1307:Western Design Center 1252:, 24 April 1986 issue 1245: 1075:New RISC architecture 1069:Acorn Leasing Limited 981: 945: 888:predicted the coming 837: 771: 598:display, keypad, and 577: 552:to commercialise the 540:March 1979 price list 539: 347:. The failure of the 97:; 8 years ago 9068:History of Cambridge 8873:Bundled applications 8688:BBC Domesday Project 8205:8-bit microcomputers 8196:Derivatives, clones, 6921:3 March 2016 at the 6715:29 June 2008 at the 6525:3 March 2016 at the 6325:on 15 December 2013. 5687:3 March 2016 at the 5577:"The Learning Curve" 4967:"Acorn staff sacked" 4489:. pp. 83–84, 86 3325:on 28 November 2011. 3116:businessweekly.co.uk 2850:3 March 2016 at the 2547:improve this article 2513:Computers in Control 2198:Element 14 (company) 1789:Acorn Pocket Book II 1452:Supergirl: The Movie 1361:VLSI Technology, Inc 1348:, 31 July 1986 issue 1103:improve this article 922:(DES) had begun the 882:Dr Christopher Evans 690:improve this article 441:improve this article 385:CPU Ltd. (1978–1983) 239:Acorn Computers Ltd. 188:Microcomputer System 95:9 December 2015 29:Acorn Computers Ltd. 8651:Watford Electronics 7941:20 May 2011 at the 7817:on 24 February 2018 6854:. 10 January 1996. 6829:18 May 2011 at the 6666:. 11 January 1999. 6520:Acorn Press Release 6347:on 22 February 2008 5866:Lessons in Learning 5722:"Acorn Pocket Book" 5659:M. Culbert (1994). 5639:9 June 2013 at the 4752:Practical Computing 4210:"Acorn anti-climax" 4183:"Cut price BBC B's" 3433:on 10 February 2012 2139:The Money Programme 1905:C-Cube Microsystems 865:In early 1980, the 776:Development of the 632:moved on by adding 524:Acorn Computer Ltd. 407:MOS Technology 6502 30: 8963:History of RISC OS 8548:Disc Filing System 8500:Ian McNaught-Davis 8384:BBC microcomputers 7876:Electronics Weekly 7769:on 7 December 2013 7680:. 15 February 2000 7488:"Artistic Licence" 7394:on 28 January 1999 7040:on 28 January 1999 6699:on 2 October 2011. 6475:. pp. 209–212 6421:Acorn SchoolServer 6227:Annotation devices 6202:Whytehead, Chris. 5773:Whytehead, Chris. 5720:Whytehead, Chris. 5615:. 9 September 1989 5483:Whytehead, Chris. 5460:Whytehead, Chris. 5437:Whytehead, Chris. 5347:The New York Times 5265:on 20 January 2021 5099:"Financial stakes" 5073:"Acorn in Germany" 5026:. pp. 118, 94 4906:Whytehead, Chris. 4671:Mini-Micro Systems 4569:. pp. 199–203 4487:Mini-Micro Systems 4163:. pp. 106–107 4092:The New York Times 3264:Whytehead, Chris. 3233:Whytehead, Chris. 3202:Whytehead, Chris. 3171:Whytehead, Chris. 2919:on 21 October 2013 2412:. You can help by 2327:Element 14 Limited 2269:STMicroelectronics 2211: 2181:quality of service 2176: 2152:Oracle Corporation 2130: 1954: 1781:PDA, badged as an 1775: 1652: 1605: 1397:Financial problems 1350: 1254: 1197:Acorn Communicator 984: 955: 840: 774: 600:cassette interface 590:, was designed by 584: 542: 341:Sinclair Radionics 56:December 1978 28: 9005: 9004: 8780:Archimedes series 8759:Castle Technology 8696: 8695: 8641:Superior Software 8621:Castle Technology 8593: 8592: 8475:Christopher Curry 8343: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8262:RiscStation R7500 8191: 8190: 8129:Business Computer 8035:Operating systems 7979:Castle Technology 7961:Acorn information 7912:Electronics Times 7700:"Cabot 1 Limited" 7597:"Cabot 2 Limited" 7474:HighBeam Research 7427:on 3 October 2012 7352:theregister.co.uk 7019:groups.google.com 6605:on 5 October 2012 4513:Micro Marketworld 4066:. pp. 94, 99 4002:on 2 January 2014 3618:978-1-349-11287-6 3397:. 21 March 2008. 3046:on 5 October 2011 3017:978-0-14-008774-1 2952:on 3 January 2015 2823:. 31 January 2009 2623: 2622: 2615: 2597: 2562:"Acorn Computers" 2430: 2429: 2297:Castle Technology 2117: 2116: 2066:Network computers 2018:Apple Computer UK 2012:Xemplar Education 1985:Windows NT Server 1917:Netherhall School 1879:Subscribers used 1849:Anglia Television 1784:Acorn Pocket Book 1773:Acorn Pocket Book 1765:Acorn Pocket Book 1546:IBM PC compatible 1450:in the 1984 film 1179: 1178: 1171: 1153: 1118:"Acorn Computers" 1055:Acornsoft Limited 766: 765: 758: 740: 705:"Acorn Computers" 636:support, and the 517: 516: 509: 491: 456:"Acorn Computers" 371:Sinclair Research 335:On 25 July 1961, 272:operating systems 236: 235: 47:Computer hardware 9075: 8742: 8741: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8700: 8699: 8528: 8527: 8370: 8363: 8356: 8347: 8346: 8212:Prodest PC 128 S 8202: 8201: 8178:Network Computer 8153:Archimedes range 8085: 8084: 8021: 8014: 8007: 7998: 7997: 7914:, 6 October 1983 7849: 7848: 7833: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7765:. Archived from 7754: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7738:on 20 April 2013 7734:. Archived from 7721: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7670: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7648:"In good repair" 7644: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7567: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7539: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7471: 7469: 7463: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7434: 7432: 7423:. Archived from 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7344: 7338: 7337: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7258: 7252: 7251: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7220: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7120: 7109: 7108: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7077:on 19 April 2013 7073:. Archived from 7060: 7054: 7053: 7047: 7045: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7011: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6994: 6988:. Archived from 6983: 6975: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6942:. Archived from 6932: 6926: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6900: 6898: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6863: 6844: 6838: 6821: 6812: 6811: 6805: 6803: 6798:on 21 April 2013 6794:. Archived from 6781: 6775: 6774: 6769: 6767: 6762:on 16 March 2012 6752: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6726: 6720: 6707: 6701: 6700: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6675: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6628: 6619: 6618: 6612: 6610: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6536: 6530: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6443: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6400:. pp. 50–51 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6343:. Archived from 6341:cordis.europa.eu 6333: 6327: 6326: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6234: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6179:. Archived from 6177:cordis.europa.eu 6169: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6143: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6100: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6054: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6013:Computer Shopper 6008: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5907: 5898: 5885: 5876: 5863: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5841:, Brighton, UK: 5836: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5732:on 13 June 2021. 5717: 5711: 5698: 5692: 5679: 5668: 5657: 5648: 5643:, Art Sobel, in 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5472:on 13 June 2021. 5457: 5451: 5450: 5449:on 13 June 2021. 5434: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5416:Acorn Newsletter 5413: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5361: 5359: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5079:. pp. 69–71 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4937: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4851: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4749: 4745:"BBC Micro news" 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4373: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4296:. Archived from 4286: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4270:. pp. 98–99 4259: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4126: 4120: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4055: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4038: 4029:. Archived from 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3945: 3916: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3819: 3817: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3773:on 17 July 2012. 3769:. Archived from 3757: 3751: 3750: 3743:"Acorn 6809 CPU" 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3721: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3665: 3650: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3637: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3540:on 13 March 2012 3526: 3520: 3519: 3513: 3511: 3502:. Archived from 3489: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3466:. Archived from 3452: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3438: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3365:. Archived from 3354: 3348: 3347: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3321:. Archived from 3310: 3304: 3303: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3266:"Acorn System 5" 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3235:"Acorn System 4" 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3204:"Acorn System 3" 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3173:"Acorn System 2" 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3148:. Archived from 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3118:. Archived from 3108: 3102: 3101: 3075: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3053: 3051: 3031: 3022: 3021: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2987:on 20 April 2013 2971: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2948:. Archived from 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2918: 2907: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2884: 2864: 2855: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2828: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2771: 2686:Computer Shopper 2618: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2596: 2555: 2531: 2523: 2425: 2422: 2404: 2397: 2358: 2354: 2321: 2320: 2294: 2291:may have made a 2285:Stephen Streater 2274: 2257:system on a chip 2219:ARM Holdings plc 2148:network computer 2112: 2109: 2103: 2084: 2083: 2076: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2029: 1925: 1656:Acorn Archimedes 1642: 1629:ARM architecture 1501: 1406:being sold, and 1388: 1372: 1358: 1333: 1329: 1239:) workstations. 1174: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1154: 1152: 1111: 1087: 1079: 1004: 1001: 934: 930: 878:The Mighty Micro 761: 754: 750: 747: 741: 739: 698: 674: 666: 512: 505: 501: 498: 492: 490: 449: 425: 417: 279: 262: 255:Acorn Archimedes 249:, including the 213:Archimedes range 105: 103: 98: 66: 64: 59: 38: 31: 27: 9083: 9082: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9072: 9018:Acorn Computers 9008: 9007: 9006: 9001: 8987: 8943:Acorn Computers 8931: 8913: 8897: 8846: 8820: 8799: 8768: 8747: 8732: 8727: 8697: 8692: 8676: 8655: 8646:Torch Computers 8605:Acorn Computers 8589: 8557: 8519: 8505:Richard Russell 8453: 8405: 8391:Models A, B, B+ 8379: 8374: 8344: 8335: 8281: 8216: 8197: 8187: 8138: 8076: 8030: 8028:Acorn Computers 8025: 7985:Acorn Computers 7956:Wayback Machine 7943:Wayback Machine 7922: 7917: 7858: 7853: 7852: 7835: 7834: 7830: 7820: 7818: 7811:Everything Tech 7805: 7804: 7800: 7787: 7786: 7782: 7772: 7770: 7763:Business Weekly 7755: 7751: 7741: 7739: 7722: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7704:Companies House 7698: 7697: 7693: 7683: 7681: 7678:Companies House 7672: 7671: 7667: 7657: 7655: 7646: 7645: 7641: 7631: 7629: 7619: 7615: 7605: 7603: 7601:Companies House 7595: 7594: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7575:Companies House 7569: 7568: 7564: 7554: 7552: 7540: 7533: 7523: 7521: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7497: 7495: 7486: 7485: 7481: 7467: 7465: 7464:on 10 June 2014 7448: 7447: 7443: 7430: 7428: 7411: 7407: 7397: 7395: 7386: 7385: 7381: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7346: 7345: 7341: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7289: 7287: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7260: 7259: 7255: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7218: 7216: 7201: 7197: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7170:on 29 May 2009. 7162: 7161: 7157: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7122: 7121: 7112: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7061: 7057: 7043: 7041: 7030: 7026: 7015:"Google Groups" 7013: 7012: 7008: 6998: 6996: 6995:on 18 July 2011 6992: 6981: 6977: 6976: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6946:on 3 March 2016 6934: 6933: 6929: 6923:Wayback Machine 6914: 6910: 6896: 6894: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6861: 6859: 6846: 6845: 6841: 6831:Wayback Machine 6822: 6815: 6801: 6799: 6782: 6778: 6765: 6763: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6739: 6737: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6717:Wayback Machine 6710:Companies House 6708: 6704: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6673: 6671: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6630: 6629: 6622: 6608: 6606: 6589: 6585: 6575: 6573: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6527:Wayback Machine 6518: 6514: 6504: 6502: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6478: 6476: 6465: 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5545: 5535: 5533: 5522: 5518: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5481: 5477: 5458: 5454: 5435: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5389:on 13 June 2021 5375: 5371: 5357: 5355: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5160: 5158: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5082: 5080: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5016: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4939: 4938: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4918:on 13 June 2021 4904: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4853: 4852: 4845: 4835: 4833: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4702: 4700: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4593:Data Processing 4587: 4586: 4582: 4572: 4570: 4567:Data Processing 4559: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4492: 4490: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4375: 4374: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4300:on 16 July 2011 4288: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4233: 4229: 4219: 4217: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4166: 4164: 4157:"Acorn reprise" 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4117:Wayback Machine 4108: 4104: 4083: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4056: 4049: 4036: 4034: 4033:on 18 July 2011 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3972: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3943: 3941: 3919:Research Policy 3914: 3908: 3904: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3836: 3832: 3815: 3813: 3812:, 24 April 1986 3802: 3801: 3797: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3666: 3653: 3641: 3640: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3543: 3541: 3534:Business Weekly 3528: 3527: 3523: 3509: 3507: 3490: 3486: 3473: 3471: 3453: 3449: 3436: 3434: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3369:on 28 July 2012 3355: 3351: 3334: 3330: 3311: 3307: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3152:on 9 March 2012 3146:speleotrove.com 3140: 3139: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3122:on 5 March 2016 3110: 3109: 3105: 3078:Research Policy 3073: 3067: 3063: 3049: 3047: 3032: 3025: 3018: 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2973: 2972: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2905: 2899: 2895: 2882: 2880: 2865: 2858: 2852:Wayback Machine 2843: 2839: 2826: 2824: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2716: 2653:Acorn Computing 2619: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2556: 2554: 2544: 2532: 2521: 2485: 2471: 2469:Popular culture 2448: 2442: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2410:needs expansion 2395: 2387:Cabot 1 Limited 2382: 2370:Cabot 2 Limited 2356: 2352: 2344: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2292: 2272: 2265: 2200: 2194: 2113: 2107: 2104: 2097: 2085: 2074: 2068: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2014: 1977: 1965:tablet computer 1946: 1923: 1913:Open University 1887:(NatWest), the 1853:Cambridge Cable 1839:(VOD) boom, an 1837:video-on-demand 1829: 1767: 1720: 1650:Acorn A4 laptop 1640: 1591: 1583:Lehman Brothers 1499: 1495: 1464:Torch Computers 1399: 1386: 1370: 1356: 1331: 1325: 1185: 1175: 1164: 1158: 1155: 1112: 1110: 1100: 1088: 1077: 1023: 1002: 999: 932: 928: 902:BBC Enterprises 832: 824:Main articles: 822: 800:Allen Boothroyd 762: 751: 745: 742: 699: 697: 687: 675: 664: 658: 648:version of the 513: 502: 496: 493: 450: 448: 438: 426: 415: 387: 333: 328: 275: 258: 232: 171: 137: 101: 99: 96: 87: 62: 60: 57: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9081: 9071: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8999: 8996: 8992: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8939: 8937: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8921: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8911: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8828: 8826: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8818: 8813: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8776: 8774: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8766: 8761: 8755: 8753: 8752:Main companies 8749: 8748: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8726: 8725: 8718: 8711: 8703: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8690: 8684: 8682: 8681:Other projects 8678: 8677: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8663: 8661: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8612: 8607: 8601: 8599: 8595: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8565: 8563: 8559: 8558: 8556: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8534: 8532: 8525: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8485:Hermann Hauser 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8461: 8459: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8451: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8413: 8411: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8373: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8350: 8341: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8292: 8290: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8241:BeagleBoard-xM 8237: 8234:BeagleBoard-xM 8230: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8214: 8208: 8206: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8149: 8147: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8110: 8105: 8103:Systems 2 to 5 8100: 8094: 8092: 8090:microcomputers 8082: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8038: 8036: 8032: 8031: 8024: 8023: 8016: 8009: 8001: 7995: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7958: 7946: 7933: 7928: 7921: 7920:External links 7918: 7916: 7915: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7884: 7878: 7869: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7828: 7798: 7780: 7749: 7716: 7691: 7665: 7639: 7613: 7588: 7562: 7531: 7505: 7479: 7441: 7405: 7379: 7361: 7339: 7336:on 6 May 1999. 7321: 7297: 7271: 7268:on 6 May 1999. 7253: 7229: 7195: 7173: 7155: 7133: 7130:on 6 May 1999. 7110: 7088: 7055: 7024: 7006: 6957: 6940:dnd.utwente.nl 6927: 6908: 6872: 6839: 6813: 6776: 6747: 6721: 6702: 6684: 6649: 6620: 6583: 6557: 6531: 6512: 6486: 6459: 6430: 6411: 6384: 6358: 6328: 6310: 6289: 6256: 6249: 6229: 6217: 6208:Chris's Acorns 6194: 6183:on 16 May 2013 6164: 6138: 6112: 6075: 6044: 6018: 6003: 5979: 5967:Chris's Acorns 5954: 5928: 5899: 5877: 5855: 5822: 5796: 5779:Chris's Acorns 5765: 5735: 5726:Chris's Acorns 5712: 5701:ARM milestones 5693: 5669: 5649: 5626: 5598: 5568: 5543: 5516: 5498: 5489:Chris's Acorns 5475: 5466:Chris's Acorns 5462:"Master Turbo" 5452: 5443:Chris's Acorns 5429: 5400: 5383:Chris's Acorns 5369: 5333: 5307: 5276: 5246: 5220: 5194: 5168: 5142: 5116: 5090: 5063: 5037: 5010: 4984: 4958: 4929: 4912:Chris's Acorns 4908:"Communicator" 4898: 4872: 4843: 4817: 4791: 4765: 4736: 4710: 4684: 4658: 4632: 4606: 4580: 4553: 4526: 4500: 4473: 4446: 4429:"Acorn's Icon" 4420: 4394: 4363: 4337: 4311: 4281: 4254: 4227: 4200: 4174: 4147: 4121: 4110:Chris's Acorns 4102: 4077: 4047: 4013: 3981: 3971:, 31 July 1986 3954: 3925:(2): 210–224. 3902: 3896:. p. 41. 3884: 3877: 3857: 3830: 3795: 3776: 3752: 3747:Chris's Acorns 3733: 3706: 3651: 3617: 3598: 3580: 3554: 3521: 3506:on 1 July 2010 3484: 3470:on 25 May 2011 3447: 3412: 3380: 3349: 3342:. p. 65. 3328: 3305: 3287: 3270:Chris's Acorns 3256: 3239:Chris's Acorns 3225: 3208:Chris's Acorns 3194: 3177:Chris's Acorns 3163: 3133: 3103: 3084:(2): 210–224. 3061: 3023: 3016: 2998: 2963: 2930: 2893: 2856: 2837: 2806: 2784: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2707:Computer Gamer 2703: 2696: 2689: 2678: 2677: 2670: 2663: 2656: 2648:BBC Micro User 2643:The Micro User 2639: 2636:BBC Acorn User 2621: 2620: 2603:September 2021 2535: 2533: 2526: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2503: 2496: 2484: 2481: 2470: 2467: 2441: 2438: 2428: 2427: 2407: 2405: 2394: 2391: 2381: 2378: 2349:Morgan Stanley 2343: 2340: 2319:September 1998 2309: 2264: 2261: 2193: 2190: 2115: 2114: 2088: 2086: 2079: 2067: 2064: 2056:multimedia PCs 2013: 2010: 1989:Windows NT 3.5 1987:(specifically 1976: 1973: 1945: 1942: 1865:World Wide Web 1828: 1825: 1779:Psion Series 3 1766: 1763: 1719: 1716: 1672:United Kingdom 1620:processor for 1590: 1587: 1559:Master Compact 1494: 1491: 1473:Cambridge Ring 1398: 1395: 1330:that ran on a 1268:Motorola 68000 1181:Main article: 1177: 1176: 1091: 1089: 1082: 1076: 1073: 1022: 1019: 1014:Science Museum 830:Acorn Electron 821: 818: 772:The Acorn Atom 764: 763: 678: 676: 669: 660:Main article: 657: 654: 618:with built-in 588:Acorn System 1 580:Acorn System 1 554:Cambridge Ring 531:Apple Computer 515: 514: 429: 427: 420: 414: 411: 386: 383: 379:Hermann Hauser 337:Clive Sinclair 332: 329: 327: 324: 306:microprocessor 251:Acorn Electron 234: 233: 231: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 183:Acorn System 1 179: 177: 173: 172: 170: 169: 166: 161: 156: 154:Hermann Hauser 151: 146: 140: 138: 135: 132: 131: 129:United Kingdom 122: 118: 117: 111: 107: 106: 93: 89: 88: 86: 85: 80: 78:Hermann Hauser 74: 72: 68: 67: 54: 50: 49: 44: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9080: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9015: 9013: 8997: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8934: 8928: 8927: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8916: 8910: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8878:Drag and drop 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8851:OS components 8849: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8823: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8802: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8785:RiscPC series 8783: 8781: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8771: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8719: 8717: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8704: 8701: 8689: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8658: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8596: 8586: 8585: 8581: 8579: 8578: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8560: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8526: 8522: 8516: 8515:Sophie Wilson 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8456: 8450: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8434: 8433: 8429: 8427: 8426: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8408: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8371: 8366: 8364: 8359: 8357: 8352: 8351: 8348: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8284: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8242: 8238: 8235: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8219: 8213: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8194: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8141: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8098:Microcomputer 8096: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8086: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8022: 8017: 8015: 8010: 8008: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7992: 7989: 7986: 7983: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7971: 7968: 7965: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7950: 7947: 7944: 7940: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7903: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7860: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7794: 7790: 7784: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7753: 7737: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7720: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7679: 7675: 7669: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7628: 7624: 7617: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7576: 7572: 7566: 7551: 7550: 7545: 7538: 7536: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7493: 7489: 7483: 7475: 7462: 7457: 7456: 7451: 7445: 7438: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7409: 7393: 7389: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7365: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7335: 7331: 7325: 7317: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7301: 7285: 7281: 7275: 7267: 7263: 7257: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7233: 7226: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7129: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7066: 7059: 7052: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7020: 7016: 7010: 6991: 6987: 6980: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6912: 6905: 6893:on 5 May 2013 6892: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6876: 6869: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6825: 6820: 6818: 6810: 6797: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6780: 6773: 6761: 6757: 6751: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6706: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6681: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6653: 6637: 6633: 6627: 6625: 6617: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6587: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6516: 6500: 6496: 6490: 6474: 6470: 6463: 6447: 6440: 6434: 6423: 6422: 6415: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6293: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6260: 6252: 6250:9789051994506 6246: 6243:. IOS Press. 6242: 6241: 6233: 6226: 6221: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6152: 6148: 6142: 6126: 6122: 6116: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6063: 6059: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6014: 6007: 5991: 5990: 5983: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5884: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5862: 5860: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5769: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5710:, ARM website 5709: 5705: 5702: 5697: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5656: 5654: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5635: 5630: 5614: 5613: 5612:New Scientist 5608: 5602: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5572: 5557: 5553: 5547: 5532:. p. 125 5531: 5527: 5520: 5513: 5509: 5508:New Scientist 5502: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5456: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5433: 5417: 5410: 5404: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5337: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5208: 5207:Your Computer 5204: 5198: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5078: 5074: 5067: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5025: 5024:Computerworld 5021: 5014: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4934: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4902: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4805: 4804:Computerworld 4801: 4795: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4753: 4746: 4740: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4672: 4668: 4667:"Breakpoints" 4662: 4646: 4645:Computerworld 4642: 4641:"Supershorts" 4636: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4542:. p. 117 4541: 4537: 4530: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4269: 4265: 4258: 4243:. p. 111 4242: 4238: 4231: 4216:. p. 124 4215: 4211: 4204: 4188: 4184: 4178: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4135: 4131: 4125: 4118: 4114: 4111: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4081: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4052: 4044: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3985: 3970: 3969:New Scientist 3966: 3965: 3958: 3951: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3906: 3899: 3895: 3894:New Scientist 3888: 3880: 3878:0-201-67519-6 3874: 3870: 3869: 3861: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3825: 3811: 3810:New Scientist 3807: 3806: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3786:New Scientist 3780: 3772: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3718: 3717: 3710: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3635: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3551: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3518: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3481: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3461:RegHardware, 3458: 3451: 3444: 3432: 3428: 3427: 3422: 3416: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3341: 3340: 3339:New Scientist 3332: 3324: 3320: 3319:Off the Telly 3316: 3309: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3229: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3137: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3065: 3058: 3045: 3041: 3040:EMT WorldWide 3037: 3030: 3028: 3019: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2970: 2968: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2934: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2897: 2890: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2834: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2730:Arm (company) 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2675: 2674:Electron User 2671: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2617: 2614: 2606: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2564: – 2563: 2559: 2558:Find sources: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2536:This section 2534: 2530: 2525: 2524: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2488: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2456:a new company 2453: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2424: 2421:December 2013 2415: 2411: 2408:This section 2406: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2390: 2388: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2363: 2350: 2339: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2322: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2270: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239:set-top boxes 2236: 2230: 2228: 2225:took over as 2224: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2172: 2168: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2144:Larry Ellison 2141: 2140: 2135: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2111: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2089:This article 2087: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052:Welsh schools 2048: 2046: 2042: 2022: 2019: 2009: 2006: 2000: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1934: 1928: 1924:£17.2 million 1920: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1855:(now part of 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1827:Set-top 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1202: 1199:employed the 1198: 1194: 1193:Motorola 6809 1190: 1184: 1173: 1170: 1162: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1120: – 1119: 1115: 1114:Find sources: 1108: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008:In 2008, the 1006: 997: 993: 989: 980: 976: 974: 970: 965: 964:Sophie Wilson 961: 953: 949: 944: 940: 938: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 872: 868: 863: 861: 860:ARM processor 857: 853: 848: 845: 836: 831: 827: 817: 815: 810: 808: 803: 801: 796: 794: 793:home computer 789: 787: 783: 779: 778:Sinclair ZX80 770: 760: 757: 749: 738: 735: 731: 728: 724: 721: 717: 714: 710: 707: – 706: 702: 701:Find sources: 695: 691: 685: 684: 677: 673: 668: 667: 663: 653: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 626: 624: 621: 616: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 592:Sophie Wilson 589: 581: 576: 572: 569: 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 538: 534: 532: 527: 525: 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