681:. The crucifixion fresco on the second level is inspired by various European sources of the 15th and 16th centuries such as German prints, Italian and German ornamental panels. Starkly done in black and white, it reflects the continuing importance of the graphic arts. It also has sun and moon designs, common during the early colonial period, which reflect both old European astrological symbols as well as the importance of these in native art. In the larger, more ornate, cloister, there are medallions with images such as the coat of arms of the Augustine order, a symbol for death, and a symbol representing the union of two worlds. The lower floor has a series of stone etchings with scenes related to the Passion of Christ.
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Arellano. The museum exhibits mammoth remains as well as flint and obsidian tools. Other attractions in the municipality include the former haciendas of San
Antonio, Tepexpan and Nextlalpan. The San Antonio Hacienda is one of the few colonial-era haciendas what has managed to preserve its original architecture. Today it operates as a recreational center. The Castillo Dam was constructed in the 18th century. Other attractions include the "Cueva de los Gatos" cave, and the Cuevas de la Amistad (Friendship Caves) has areas dedicated to medicinal herbs in addition to the caves. The Sierra de Patlachique is an eco-tourism park with facilities for picnicking, swimming, football, cycling and camping.
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579:, and a courtyard before that, the two of which are today separated by a road The most important feature of this atrium area is the 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) high stone cross, which is considered to be an important expression of "tequitqui" or Christian art executed by Indian craftsmen from the very early colonial period. The cross was mostly likely erected between the time that the Franciscans occupied the site and before the architectural sculptures of the current complex. The cross is decorated with plants, flowers and flames at the top (which allude to the
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560:, and the overall appearance is that of fortress. The crown of battlements, the single bell tower, the open chapel and the Plateresque facade identify the complex as a classic 16th century religious construction. The fortress appearance of complexes of this time were not literally for protection but rather served to dominate the landscape much as mediaeval castles in Europe did. In areas where there are carefully fitted stones, these stones have been carved. The construction of the monastery is attributed to
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Plateresque design with "Isabelino" type columns. The small cloister may date from the
Franciscan period or might be part of the early Augustinian church. Flatted arches on piers with a barrel-vaulted corridor on the ground level and a wood-roofed second level suggest the simple construction of the very early colonial period. Primitive frescos decorate the walls. The stone cross here is very similar to the Franciscan cross at one of the earliest monasteries in
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reflects the limited economic base of the area and the need for infrastructure. The municipality needs between 12.5 and 25 million pesos worth of roadwork, which it cannot finance and needs help from the State of Mexico. Unlike other municipalities in the
Greater Mexico City area, water supply is based on a system of nineteen water suppliers, with only three owned by the municipality.
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collection of paintings and religious objects that are on display. The museum contains more than 120 pieces. Many of the religious artwork and objects are in the third hall and include furniture, cloaks, and other religious garb (some embroidered in gold thread), sculptures in stone, wood and corn stalk paste, and oils from the 16th to the 19th centuries.
564:. Restoration work has been done in this complex since the 1920s, which has revealed all of the church’s facade and the atrium is terraced down to its original level of construction. This has exposed the flood damage from the colonial period. Most of the murals and frescos had been buried under years of plaster and paints before being restored.
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paper are created here. Participants gather from various communities in the area and the main event is a piñata contest. There are also horse races, bullfighting, nativity scenes, "pastorelas" a type of play based on the
Christmas season, regional dance, and popular music shows. Horse racing is a tradition that dates back to the
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and apricots. Livestock includes cattle, pigs, goats and domestic fowl. The second most important economic activity is industry, producing processed foods, drinks, tobacco products and leather goods. Mining is limited to gravel, sand and other construction materials. There are small deposits of gold,
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The municipal seat, Acolman de
Nezahualcóyotl, has a population of 5,571 inhabitants, while the largest city (locality) in the municipality, Tepexpan, has a population of 102,667, more than 18 times as big. This is the largest relative difference between any municipal seat and its largest locality of
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The 17th and 18th century was marked by severe floodings issues, which caused widespread damage and population shifts. These floods eventually caused the disappearance of towns near
Acolman such as Tlacuilocan, Tzapotla, and Tescazonco. During one of the attempts to control the rivers in the area, a
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status. Acolman is a bedroom community with many of its workers commuting to places such as Mexico City proper and other cities in the State of Mexico. Of those working in the municipality, less than ten percent of the population is employed in agriculture with the rest evenly split between industry
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Much of the cloister area is occupied by the "Museo
Virrenal" (Colonial Era) founded in 1925 in what were the portico, the kitchen the refectory and the hallway to the refectory. It has three main halls which give a detailed explanation of the construction of the site, the lives of the monks and the
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The monastery consists of two cloisters. The
Claustro Chico or small cloister is of simple architecture, constructed in stone with a cross in the center which has an anagram of Jesus' name. The Claustro Grande or large cloister (also called the Naranjo or Orange Tree cloister) has a more elaborate
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assigned a classification of A3.mx (Mexico scale) and Ba3 (global scale) to the municipality of
Acolman. The reasons behind the grades are that while the municipality has a moderate amount of debt and adequate financial development, there have been some management issues in recent years. It also
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and the west is marked by a mountain called
Chiconautla. Chiconautla and Tlahuilco are forested and are protected areas. From the mountains that surround this plain flow a number of streams such as the San José and the San Antonio, which are commonly called the Rio Grande and the Rio Chico. The
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to allow for the virtual visitation of the museum. The tour is a series of 360 degree panoramic views of each of the rooms and the pre-Hispanic base over which the monastery was built. Some of the restored rooms that are visible this way include the kitchen and the dispensary. The church is also
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Fair), which has been held here every December since 1985. Acolman claims to be the origin of the Las Posadas tradition in Mexico as well as the "cradle" of piñatas, as they have been a tradition here for over 420 years. Both kinds of piñatas, those made with clay pots and those made entirely of
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As municipal seat, the town of Acolman is the governing authority for over sixty other named communities,(inegi) which cover a total area of 86.88 km. At the 2010 census, the total population of the municipality was 136,558, but only about four percent of this population lives in the town
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were found, and the former monastery of San Agustin de Acolman. The Tepexpan Museum is located in the community of the same name, famous due to the discovery of the "Tepexpan Man", a human skeleton which is more than 12,000 years old. It was found in 1945 by Dr. Helmut de Terra and Alberto R.
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municipality lacks fresh water springs, with most potable water coming from deep wells. The climate is temperate and semi-arid with rains in the summer. Temperatures can range from 36 °C in the summer to -4 °C in the winter. Forested areas of the municipality contain trees such as
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The most important feature of the town by far is the former monastery of San Agustin, located next to the main plaza. However, there are some other attractions as well. The Central Library and Casa de la Cultura contain paintings and sculptures by a native of Acolman named Parmeno. At the
1259:. Fewer than 500 people can still speak an indigenous language, but a number of traditions survive. The community of Cuanalán is noted for its musicians, especially those dedicated to wind instruments. The better known groups include Los Vasquez, Los Juárez and Los Chicanos.
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Lamb, Angela L.; Gonzalez, Silvia; Huddart, David; Metcalfe, Sarah E.; Vane, Christopher H.; Pike, Alistair W.G. (September 2009). "Tepexpan Palaeoindian site, Basin of Mexico: multi-proxy evidence for environmental change during the late Pleistocene–late Holocene".
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Here we report new AMS radiocarbon dates associated with the sedimentary succession at Tepexpan with ages between 19,110 ± 90 and 612 ± 22 14C years BP and a new uranium-series date for the skeleton with an age of 4700 ± 200 years BP that indicates a mid Holocene
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dam was constructed which cause havoc for the area. During one of the floods, the monastery was submerged in over six feet of water, covering the church floor with silt and nearly destroying the cloisters. In the 17th and 18th centuries, epidemics such as
460:, Acolman became the seat of the municipality of the same name. In 1876, due to political instability, the seat was temporarily moved to a town called Xometla. In 1877, it returned to Acolman and the appendage "de Nezahualcoyotl" as added.
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Another flood affected the municipality in 1925 and affected the monastery, but also spurred the beginning of restoration efforts that would last until the end of the 20th century. The monastery was declared a national monument in 1933.
642:. The church building is 62.5 metres (205 ft) long, 17.1 metres (56 ft) wide and 21.3 metres (70 ft) high, with the interior walls particularly high The interior vault was modified and the interior pilasters and exterior
591:. At the feet of this Virgin is a weathered stone skull and a serpent, and in her breast is imbedded a dark stone disk. This follows the Aztec tradition of placing jades or other precious stones in their statues to symbolize the soul.
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phrase which has been interpreted in various ways. It may mean "man with hand or arm" or "where man is made." Acolman is the modern name but the settlement has been referred to as Oculma, Axuruman and Aculma in colonial era documents.
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According to an ancient myth, when the gods created the first man, they took him from the waters of Lake Texcoco and placed him alone in Acolman. The arm of this man, ringed by drops of water from the lake is the
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silver, copper, quartz and mercury, but they have not been exploited. Most mines are located near the communities of San Pedro Tepetitlan and Xometla. Commerce is mostly limited to serving local needs.
344:, the fossilized bones more than 12,000 years old of a man were found in the 20th century. The settlement was founded in the eighth century and was an important commerce center at the time of the
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is located on the upper part of the wall between the church and the main portal to the cloister area. This chapel contains two murals from the 16th century by unknown authors depicting the
583:) all sculpted into the stone. There is also a melancholy, mask-like face of Christ, with crown of thorns which projects from the center of the cross. At the foot of the stone cross is a
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paneling on the doors themselves. This facade was mostly likely created by Spanish craftsmen and had significant influence on other Augustinian church fronts in New Spain, especial at
881:. In the lower, flatter regions, the flora consists of shrubs, grasses, cactus and other plants adapted to dry areas. Wildlife consists mostly of small mammals such as rabbits and
1600:
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were in charge of evangelization efforts after 1539, with twenty-four friars in residence by 1580. This order built one of the most important early colonial era monasteries in
1503:
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were added in 1735. The main altarpiece dates from 1690 and was put here in the 20th century to replace the original. The side altarpieces date from the 18th century. These
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was built between 1539 and 1580 with most of the work being done after 1550. The walls are of rubble-stone construction and covered in plaster, topped by
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1603:[Church and ex monastery of San Agustin (Mexico State)] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine. July 2001. Archived from
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1506:[Acoman, a town with charm in Mexico State] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine. Archived from
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The municipality has a narrow economic base, based on manufacturing and agriculture, with much of the farmland still in
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for the site. The glyph can also be seen on the monastery which dominates the landscape here. Acolman is derived from a
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altarpieces are all sculpted in wood and gilded, decorated with plants, flower, celestial figures and angels. The
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motorways. The town is also connected to localities such as Teotihuacán and, more distantly, Pachuca (Hidalgo).
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called the Valley of Teotihuacan. It has only three significant elevations. The eastern border is marked by the
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area, just north of the city proper. According to myth, the first man was placed here after being taken out of
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and commerce. Population growth has been significantly slower than in other parts of the Mexico City area.
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people, around the eighth century. The settlement started out independent but was first conquered by the
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The main tourist attractions are the archaeological zone of Tepexpan, where the fossilized bones of the
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monastery in the 16th century that still contains important art and architecture from that time period.
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after it was conquered by the Aztecs in 1396. The town was important because it was the only place in
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606:. The facade has Classical composite columns with Plateresque sections below the ribbon garniture,
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figures who has been identified as the Virgin of Sorrows and even associated with the goddess
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in black, white and orange, with images of saints on thrones, priests and Augustine popes.
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1666:"Moody's asigna calificación de emisor A3.mx al Municipio de Acolman (Estado de México)"
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1668:[Moody’s assign grade of A3.mx to the Municipality of Acolman (Mexico State)]
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Most of the municipality’s territory is dedicated to agriculture. Major crops include
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any municipality in Mexico. The largest localities (cities, towns, and villages) are:
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that specialized in the breeding and raising of dogs (today known as the breed called
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1966:
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1535:(in Spanish). Mexico: Dirrecion General de las Culturas Populares. December 7, 2009.
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1316:"Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico Estado de Mexico Acolman de Nezahualcóyotl"
693:"Angel de la Letania" by unknown author from the 17th century at the Viceregal Museum
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The most distinguishing festival for the town is the Feria de la Posada y la Piñata (
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decorated with fruit. Above the doors are seahorses on the main frieze and
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Main festivals include the Feast of Saint Nicholas on 10 September, of the
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and remained subject to one dominion or another since. By the time of the
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One important community outside the seat is called Cuanalán, which is a
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1645:"Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Acolman de Nezahualcóyotl, México"
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1533:"San Agustín Acolman, Estado de México Feria de la posada y la piñata"
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The municipality is located on a plain in the northern portion of the
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To the back of the atrium area is the main church, with its rose/tan
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on 12 December. These are celebrated with traditional dances such as
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human fossilized skeleton that was found in the mid-20th century.
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The founding of the settlement of Acolman is attributed to the
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proper.(inegi) The municipality borders the municipalities of
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of Pedro de Solis de los Monteros and his son Francisco. The
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At the time of the Spanish conquest, Acolman was governed by
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1378:. Los Angeles CA: University of California Press. pp.
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Looking towards the facade of the church from the main gate
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1601:"Templo y ex Convento de San Agustín (Estado de México)"
1572:[Acolman virtual museum] (in Spanish). Mexico:
1504:"Acolman, un pueblo con encanto en el Estado de México"
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facade reminiscent of the Colegiata de Santa María in
706:accessible in this manner.(virtual) The site is at
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16:Town & Municipality in State of Mexico, Mexico
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654:has a late medieval ribbed vault and important
471:passed through here on its way to Mexico City.
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922:Climate data for Acolman de Nezahualcóyotl
712:http://culturainah.org/panorama360/acolman/
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1699:Mexican Architecture site on the monastery
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575:The complex is fronted by a large square
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410:, Acolman was an important town in the
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1664:Molina, Jose-Alberto (July 25, 2008).
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892:The municipality is connected by the,
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663:open chapel, or chapel of the Indians
216:86.88 km (33.54 sq mi)
200: • Municipal President
1334:
353:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
346:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
1413:"ACOLMAN: The Eden of the Americas"
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13:
1539:from the original on 26 April 2010
14:
2423:
1691:
684:
453:decimated the native population.
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1734:
1419:. Espadaña Press. Archived from
1374:The Churches of Mexico 1530-1810
1370:Armstrong Baird, Joseph (1962).
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380:The municipality is home of the
328:located in the northern part of
153:
91:
84:
71:
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41:
1649:Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
1457:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.001
1214:, peaches, pears, figs, plums,
92:
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701:A website has been created by
47:Facade of the former monastery
1:
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885:, small reptiles such as the
1318:(in Spanish). Archived from
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429:. After, Acolman became the
224:2,254 m (7,395 ft)
7:
2327:Valle de Chalco Solidaridad
2142:San Martín de las Pirámides
1041:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
971:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
479:
458:Mexican War of Independence
10:
2428:
1862:Chalco de Díaz Covarrubias
1445:Quaternary Science Reviews
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475:The town and its monastery
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1626:2010 census tables: INEGI
1417:Exploring Colonial Mexico
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548:16th century atrium cross
322:Acolman de Nezahualcóyotl
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234: • Municipality
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213: • Municipality
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554:Monastery of San Agustín
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36:Acolman de Nezahuacóyotl
2207:Tenancingo de Degollado
2162:Soyaniquilpan de Juárez
2132:San Felipe del Progreso
1897:Coacalco de Berriozábal
1570:"Museo virtual Acolman"
671:Catherine of Alexandria
437:arrived first, but the
30:Town & Municipality
1782:Almoloya de Alquisiras
771:2010 Census Population
708:http://www.inah.gob.mx
694:
572:
549:
340:. In the community of
203:Roberto Sanchéz Campos
2152:San Simón de Guerrero
1423:on September 18, 2010
1185:Source: Weatherbase
862:Sierra de Patlachique
692:
570:
547:
287:Postal code (of seat)
271: • Summer (
133:19.63833°N 98.90972°W
1827:Atizapán de Zaragoza
1647:. Weatherbase. 2011.
1631:May 2, 2013, at the
1451:(19–20): 2000–2016.
835:San Pedro Tepetitlán
728:San Juan Teotihuacán
469:1968 Summer Olympics
2287:Tlalnepantla de Baz
2137:San José del Rincón
2127:San Antonio la Isla
2057:Naucalpan de Juárez
1932:Ecatepec de Morelos
819:San Marcos Nepantla
732:San Salvador Atenco
514:Virgin of Guadalupe
334:Greater Mexico City
138:19.63833; -98.90972
129: /
1922:Cuautitlán Izcalli
1787:Almoloya de Juárez
844:Total Municipality
827:Prados de San Juan
811:San Miguel Xometla
754:Towns and villages
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573:
550:
534:Mexican Revolution
386:Subboreal Holocene
105:Location in Mexico
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2398:
2217:Tenango del Valle
1967:Ixtapan de la Sal
1576:. October 2, 2009
1510:on March 22, 2010
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1188:
902:Los Reyes-Texcoco
854:
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581:Passion of Christ
510:Archangel Michael
467:The torch of the
412:Tetzcoco altepetl
319:
318:
242: • Seat
2419:
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2337:Villa del Carbón
2332:Villa de Allende
2212:Tenango del Aire
2147:San Mateo Atenco
1902:Coatepec Harinas
1792:Almoloya del Río
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858:Valley of Mexico
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717:The municipality
489:, foods such as
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408:Nezahualcoyotl
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114:Coordinates:
112:
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20:
2372:Zinacantepec
2252:Texcaltitlán
2232:Tepetlaoxtoc
1957:Huixquilucan
1892:Chimalhuacán
1771:
1677:. Retrieved
1639:
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:the original
1578:. Retrieved
1541:. Retrieved
1512:. Retrieved
1508:the original
1460:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:the original
1416:
1373:
1324:. Retrieved
1320:the original
1254:
1249:Tepexpan man
1246:
1233:
1225:
1216:white sapote
1197:
1115:mm (inches)
901:
897:
893:
891:
855:
848:
843:
770:
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757:
744:Tepetlaoxtoc
720:
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660:
593:
574:
551:
522:
507:
483:
466:
462:
455:
447:
439:Augustinians
427:Moctezuma II
424:
401:Huexotzincas
390:
382:Tepexpan man
379:
366:
350:
338:Lake Texcoco
326:municipality
321:
320:
311:(in Spanish)
263:(US Central)
2377:Zumpahuacán
2362:Zacazonapan
2282:Tlalmanalco
2257:Texcalyacac
2247:Tequixquiac
2242:Tepotzotlán
2227:Teotihuacán
2187:Temascalapa
2157:Santo Tomás
2102:Otzolotepec
1882:Chicoloapan
1872:Chapultepec
1832:Atlacomulco
803:San Bartolo
596:Plateresque
558:battlements
529:Las Posadas
435:Franciscans
416:Mesoamerica
370:Aztec glyph
357:Augustinian
182:8th century
136: /
2357:Xonacatlán
2237:Tepetlixpa
2222:Teoloyucan
2117:Polotitlán
2097:Otzoloapan
2077:Nopaltepec
2062:Nextlalpan
2012:Juchitepec
2007:Joquicingo
2002:Jocotitlán
1997:Jiquipilco
1992:Jilotzingo
1977:Ixtlahuaca
1962:Ixtapaluca
1952:Hueypoxtla
1947:Huehuetoca
1917:Cuautitlán
1907:Cocotitlán
1887:Chiconcuac
1263:References
875:eucalyptus
679:Cuernavaca
661:The small
652:presbytery
644:buttresses
636:Metztitlán
616:archivolts
608:Saint Paul
456:After the
431:encomienda
397:Chichimeca
351:After the
229:Population
195:Government
124:98°54′35″W
121:19°38′18″N
2367:Zacualpan
2352:Xalatlaco
2317:Tultitlán
2307:Tonanitla
2182:Temamatla
2177:Tejuplico
2112:Papalotla
2082:Ocoyoacac
2032:Malinalco
1987:Jilotepec
1937:Ecatzingo
1912:Coyotepec
1857:Capulhuac
1807:Amecameca
1752:(capital)
1679:March 28,
1611:March 28,
1580:March 28,
1543:March 28,
1514:March 28,
1427:March 28,
1326:March 28,
1234:In 2008,
1220:tejocotes
1206:, wheat,
908:Geography
887:chameleon
867:ahuehuete
632:Michaocán
600:Calatayud
589:Coatlicue
518:Concheros
443:New Spain
298:Area code
282:(Central)
251:Time zone
221:Elevation
2406:Category
2382:Zumpango
2312:Tultepec
2302:Tonatico
2292:Tlatlaya
2277:Timilpan
2267:Tezoyuca
2167:Sultepec
2027:Luvianos
1982:Jaltenco
1877:Chiautla
1852:Calimaya
1847:Ayapango
1842:Axapusco
1837:Atlautla
1822:Atizapán
1802:Amatepec
1797:Amanalco
1629:Archived
1537:Archived
1212:capulins
1202:, corn,
1111:Average
871:mesquite
782:102,667
778:Tepexpan
748:Ecatepec
740:Chiautla
736:Tezoyuca
495:barbacoa
480:The town
451:smallpox
405:tlatoani
393:Acolhuas
342:Tepexpan
2412:Acolman
2262:Texcoco
2202:Temoaya
2172:Tecámac
2087:Ocuilan
2052:Morelos
2042:Metepec
1772:Acolman
1767:Acambay
1674:Moody’s
1243:Tourism
1236:Moody's
1204:sorghum
1194:Economy
1180:(22.5)
1106:(40.5)
1101:(31.6)
1096:(35.2)
1091:(41.7)
1086:(46.6)
1081:(45.9)
1076:(46.8)
1071:(47.7)
1066:(44.8)
1061:(42.1)
1056:(37.6)
1051:(34.3)
1046:(31.6)
1036:(73.2)
1031:(68.9)
1026:(70.3)
1021:(71.6)
1016:(72.5)
1011:(73.9)
1006:(74.1)
1001:(75.7)
996:(78.4)
991:(78.3)
913:Climate
849:136,558
724:Tecámac
656:frescos
648:Baroque
640:Hidalgo
634:and at
628:Cuitzeo
624:Yuriria
620:Moorish
585:Madonna
491:mixiote
374:Nahuatl
363:History
307:Website
260:Central
237:136,558
179:Founded
149:Country
99:Acolman
23:Acolman
2297:Toluca
2107:Ozumba
2092:Otumba
2017:La Paz
1942:El Oro
1817:Atenco
1812:Apaxco
1777:Aculco
1750:Toluca
1386:
1208:maguey
1200:barley
1170:(0.5)
1165:(1.9)
1160:(3.9)
1155:(3.9)
1150:(4.6)
1145:(4.7)
1140:(1.5)
1135:(0.8)
1130:(0.5)
1125:(0.2)
1120:(0.1)
927:Month
883:skunks
838:2,805
830:3,081
822:4,116
814:4,571
806:5,099
798:5,116
790:5,571
612:Gothic
577:atrium
525:Piñata
503:pulque
445:here.
161:Mexico
158:
2122:Rayón
2022:Lerma
1670:(PDF)
1380:82–83
1228:ejido
986:(75)
981:(72)
976:(68)
966:Year
604:Spain
291:55870
280:UTC-5
256:UTC-6
245:5,571
190:1820s
168:State
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1582:2010
1574:INAH
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1429:2010
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1175:(0)
1099:−0.2
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1034:22.9
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1014:22.5
1009:23.3
1004:23.4
999:24.3
994:25.8
989:25.7
963:Dec
960:Nov
957:Oct
954:Sep
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948:Jul
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930:Jan
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626:and
527:and
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395:, a
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1148:120
1143:120
1123:5.1
1118:2.5
1104:4.7
1094:1.8
1089:5.4
1084:8.1
1079:7.7
1074:8.2
1069:8.7
1064:7.1
1059:5.6
1054:3.1
1049:1.3
638:in
630:in
422:).
302:594
273:DST
2408::
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1590:^
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1449:28
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1415:.
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1336:^
1271:^
1218:,
1168:13
1163:48
1158:99
1153:99
1138:38
1133:20
1128:13
984:24
979:22
974:20
873:,
869:,
750:.
742:,
738:,
734:,
730:,
726:,
710:y
673:.
602:,
536:.
505:.
493:,
348:.
1726:e
1719:t
1712:v
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1173:0
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