44:
295:
204:
488:, however, and their "combination of pathos, dignity, and pride" (El Tayib) that have secured Abu Firas's place among the greats of Arabic poetry. In addition, according to H. A. R. Gibb, his personal traits helped spread his reputation: from his noble descent and fair appearance, his bravery and generosity, to his tendency to egotism and over-reaching ambition, "he lived up to the Arab ideal of chivalry which he expressed in his poetry".
433:) and ended with a king (i.e. Abu Firas)". The corpus of his works was edited after his death by Ibn Khalawayh, who also attached a commentary, largely written by Abu Firas himself. Nevertheless, in later times several manuscript versions of his works with significant variations between them were extant, which indicates that Ibn Khalawayh's edition was not the only one.
274:
in 944/5, Abu Firas was welcomed at his cousin's court. There he was raised under the supervision of Sayf al-Dawla, who also married his sister
Sakhinah. Aside from being a renowned warrior, Sayf al-Dawla was famous for his patronage of scholars and poets, and the young Abu Firas grew up in a
405:, but the situation was rapidly changing: less than a year after his release, Sayf al-Dawla died, and the Hamdanid emirate of Aleppo began to crumble. Abu Firas quickly quarreled with Sayf al-Dawla's 15-year-old heir,
409:, the son of Abu Firas's sister, Sakhinah. Overestimating the support he enjoyed among the Arab tribes, Abu Firas revolted against his nephew, but was defeated and killed on 4 April 968 by Abu'l-Ma'ali's general
940:
886:
2753:
380:, as Sayf al-Dawla did not consider it proper to ransom him while leaving thousands of other captives to languish in captivity. Abu Firas was eventually released as part of a general
803:
1407:
2728:
429:, summed up the esteem in which Abu Firas was held already in the 10th century in a phrase that was frequently quoted by later authorities: "Poetry began with a king (i.e.
251:, freed after giving birth to her master's child). His maternal descent later was a source of scorn and taunts from his Hamdanid relatives, a fact reflected in his poems.
2656:
2703:
466:
inevitably show al-Mutanabbi's influence, Abu Firas was the great poet's rival, encouraged by his tutor Ibn
Khalawayh, a bitter opponent of al-Mutanabbi. According to
2838:
2683:
2758:
2713:
302:
Abu Firas soon gave proof of both his martial as well as his literary ability, and in 947/8, when he was only 16, Sayf al-Dawla appointed him governor of
2828:
2808:
365:
led a raid of 1,000 or 1,300 men in the vicinity of Manbij, and when Abu Firas set out with only 70 men to obstruct their plundering, he was captured.
1775:
376:
in 954. Despite sending repeated letters to his cousin pleading for his release, Abu Firas spent several years as a captive at the
Byzantine capital
781:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische
Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt
1547:
398:
was the Arab name for the
Byzantines). In the meantime, Abu Firas's mother had died, her passing a source of lamentation in Abu Firas's poetry.
1412:
950:
476:
poems "are remarkable for their sincerity, directness, and natural vigour", in contrast to the elaborate style of al-Mutanabbi, while the
2798:
1009:
335:
810:
49:
2833:
1900:
1722:
899:
372:
Parsakoutenos tried to have his high-ranking prisoner exchanged for his own brother and father, taken prisoners by Sayf al-Dawla at
2823:
2068:
2848:
326:, as well as in his cousin's frequent raiding campaigns into Byzantine territory. Thus, in 952, he defeated the Byzantines under
275:
culturally vibrant atmosphere. Some of the finest minds of the Muslim world were assembled at the court of Aleppo: the preacher
1795:
357:; this tale is however dismissed by some modern commentators. Most sources place his capture in 962 (in November, according to
1890:
381:
892:
745:
2803:
413:. At the news of his death, Sakhinah was reportedly so overcome with grief, that she plucked out one of her own eyes.
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702:
1682:
1800:
1687:
1577:
1047:
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1092:
728:
1147:
2417:
2048:
1442:
1437:
1344:
2853:
1925:
1607:
1382:
1805:
1737:
2542:
1712:
1657:
1652:
1392:
1339:
995:
2818:
2347:
2214:
1940:
1672:
1187:
1117:
966:
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327:
17:
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2015:
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in 966. During his captivity, Abu Firas wrote some of his finest poetry, the collection known as
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2661:
2144:
1965:
1612:
1602:
1447:
1127:
366:
362:
693:. In Ashtiany, Julia; Johnstone, T. M.; Latham, J. D.; Serjeant, R. B.; Smith, G. Rex (eds.).
690:
345:
Abu Firas' captivity by the
Byzantines is variously dated by the Arabic sources. According to
314:
was later added. Despite his youth, Abu Firas distinguished himself in the conflicts with the
2693:
2651:
2567:
2352:
2184:
1895:
1702:
1497:
1417:
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1254:
1077:
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187:). He was ransomed in 966, and was killed in 968, when he raised a revolt against his nephew
594:
592:
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369:
reports the story with slight differences, but states that the event took place in 959/960.
43:
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2527:
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2372:
2234:
2219:
1975:
1647:
1597:
1522:
1507:
1502:
1364:
1349:
1329:
1202:
1107:
1087:
775:
456:
form on courtly themes of love, wine, hunting and friendship. He also produced several pro-
349:, he was first captured by the Byzantines in 959, but escaped captivity at the fortress of
334:, when the latter tried to interfere with Sayf al-Dawla's refortification of the towns of
8:
2788:
2748:
2738:
2708:
2666:
2646:
2602:
2457:
2422:
2367:
2189:
1865:
1572:
1319:
1289:
1137:
853:
838:
585:
220:
171:. He was captured by the Byzantines in 959/962 and spent several years at their capital,
1880:
2688:
2412:
2382:
2357:
2332:
2058:
2023:
1950:
1790:
1642:
1587:
1477:
1472:
1387:
1354:
1304:
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1269:
1042:
848:
331:
315:
191:, Sayf al-Dawla's successor. He is considered among the greatest figures of classical
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2005:
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After his release, Abu Firas was restored to his position and was named governor of
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767:
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263:
262:, and Abu Firas's mother fled to the protection of Nasir al-Dawla's brother,
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1875:
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83:
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2111:
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2073:
2043:
1955:
1850:
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1259:
1217:
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1142:
1112:
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712:
319:
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175:, where he composed his most famous work, the collection of poems titled
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1177:
1031:
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350:
339:
254:
Abi'l-Ala Sa'id was killed in 935, during a dispute over possession of
203:
167:
as well as court poet, and was active in his cousin's wars against the
2033:
1935:
1910:
1830:
1662:
1532:
1462:
1314:
1309:
482:
poems are merely "elegant trifles, formal and unoriginal". It is the
354:
280:
246:
987:
421:
Abu Firas enjoys a prominent position among the greats of classical
2377:
1970:
1930:
1835:
1537:
788:
385:
298:
Map of the Arab–Byzantine frontier zone, where Abu Firas was active
224:
129:
1157:
1905:
1767:
1457:
232:
216:
69:
163:
during the 10th century. He served Sayf al-Dawla as governor of
2342:
1192:
911:
460:
poems attacking the
Abbasids. Although his early works and the
439:
373:
311:
303:
267:
164:
395:
864:
444:
form in praise of the
Hamdanids and their deeds—the 225-line
255:
655:
697:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 315–327.
558:
457:
425:. His near-contemporary, the eminent scholar and statesman
402:
212:
144:
87:
778:; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013).
645:
643:
604:
534:
524:
522:
520:
575:
573:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
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502:
500:
436:
Abu Firas's early work comprises poems in the classical
2634:
667:
640:
231:—occupied a distinguished position in the court of the
628:
616:
570:
546:
497:
126:
Al-Harith ibn Abi’l-ʿAlaʾ Saʿid ibn Hamdan al-Taghlibi
450:
is perhaps the most notable—and shorter poems in the
483:
477:
471:
461:
451:
445:
437:
389:
244:
176:
601:, Abū Firās al-Ḥāriṯ b. Saʻīd b. Ḥamdān (#20051).
2775:
211:Abu Firas was born in 932 or 933, probably in
2839:Prisoners of war held by the Byzantine Empire
1003:
804:
239:(reigned 908–932). Abu Firas's mother was a
182:
784:(in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
2829:People from the Hamdanid emirate of Aleppo
1010:
996:
811:
797:
746:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
42:
27:Hamdanid dynasty prince and poet (932–968)
951:Abu'l-Fawaris Muhammad ibn Nasir al-Dawla
900:Abu Abdallah al-Husayn ibn Nasir al-Dawla
754:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 119–120.
52:with a modern representation of Abu Firas
887:Abu'l-Muzzafar Hamdan ibn Nasir al-Dawla
688:
673:
661:
649:
634:
622:
610:
579:
564:
552:
540:
293:
202:
14:
2809:Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
2776:
941:Abu'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn Sa'd al-Dawla
2633:
2142:
1234:
1064:
1029:
1017:
991:
792:
893:Abu Tahir Ibrahim ibn Nasir al-Dawla
818:
711:
528:
147:prince and poet. He was a cousin of
2636:National literatures of Arab states
183:
140:
24:
2799:10th-century Arabic-language poets
416:
99:Governor, military leader and poet
25:
2865:
2834:Poets from the Abbasid Caliphate
774:
760:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0183
598:
2824:Medieval Arabs killed in battle
1065:
1048:Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions
310:, to which the governorship of
306:, close to the border with the
279:, the philosopher and musician
128:(932–968), better known by his
2849:Syrian people of Greek descent
1148:Harith ibn Hilliza Al-Yashkuri
155:, who were rulers in northern
13:
1:
1345:Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi
1235:
491:
62:Al-Harith ibn Abi'l-Ala Sai'd
977:Ruling emirs are denoted in
291:served as Abu Firas' tutor.
207:Family tree of the Hamdanids
7:
1806:Hamda bint Ziyad al-Muaddib
689:El Tayib, Abdullah (1990).
484:
478:
472:
462:
452:
446:
438:
390:
266:. When the latter occupied
245:
177:
10:
2870:
2143:
1340:Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni
682:
2804:10th-century Shia Muslims
2642:
2629:
2348:Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar
2303:
2155:
2151:
2138:
2087:
2014:
1761:
1373:
1247:
1243:
1230:
1073:
1060:
1038:
1025:
975:
967:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
959:
909:
862:
826:
361:). The Byzantine general
328:Bardas Phokas the Younger
111:
103:
95:
76:
57:
41:
34:
2794:10th-century Arab people
1738:Ibn al-Qatta' al-Siqilli
2107:Abdul Qadir al-Baghdadi
1558:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani
1413:Abu'l-Qasimbal-Maghribi
1198:Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith
1093:Al-Fāriʿah bint Shaddād
1030:
695:ʿAbbasid Belles-Lettres
287:, while the grammarian
198:
80:4 April 968 (age 35-36)
1613:Abu Muhammad al-Anbari
1603:Safiyya al-Baghdadiyya
1118:Al-Nu'man ibn Humaydah
691:"Abū Firās al-Ḥamdānī"
363:Theodore Parsakoutenos
342:in the frontier zone.
299:
208:
2353:Abdur Rahman Kashgari
2185:Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi
1886:Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad
1703:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
1265:Abd al-Hamid al-Katib
1255:Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi
1078:Abu Layla al-Muhalhel
776:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
297:
283:, and the great poet
206:
2528:Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi
2488:Mohamed Said Raihani
2373:Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal
2220:Suleyman al-Boustani
2049:'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya
1598:Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur
1523:Marwan ibn Abi Hafsa
1503:Abu Mansur al-Azhari
1398:Abu Firas al-Hamdani
1360:Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a
1350:Dhu Jadan al-Himyari
1330:Qutayla ukht al-Nadr
1203:Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma
1108:Al-Khirniq bint Badr
664:, pp. 316, 318.
567:, pp. 315, 317.
353:by jumping into the
243:slave concubine (an
215:and specifically in
151:and a member of the
133:Abu Firas al-Hamdani
50:Syrian postage stamp
36:Abu Firas al-Hamdani
2854:Syrian Shia Muslims
2603:Jabra Ibrahim Jabra
2458:Ihsan Abdel Quddous
2190:Ahmad Faris Shidyaq
1573:Abu Nasr al-Jawhari
1448:Baha' al-din Zuhair
1320:Layla al-Akhyaliyya
1188:Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya
1138:Antarah ibn Shaddad
1128:'Amir ibn al-Tufayl
839:Abdallah ibn Hamdan
613:, pp. 317–318.
543:, pp. 315–316.
531:, pp. 119–120.
2413:Abdul Rahman Munif
2383:Fayeq Abdul-Jaleel
2358:Muhammad al-Maghut
2333:Ahlam Mosteghanemi
2059:Hamdallah Mustawfi
2024:Ahmad ibn Arabshah
1643:Abu Ahmad Monajjem
1478:Al-Hariri of Basra
1473:Al-Fath ibn Khaqan
1418:Arib al-Ma'muniyya
1355:Dorayd bin Al Soma
1285:Maysun bint Bahdal
1123:'Alqama ibn 'Abada
1043:Namara inscription
849:Ibrahim ibn Hamdan
729:Lévi-Provençal, E.
332:Constantine Phokas
300:
227:family's founder,
209:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2578:Ibrahim Nasrallah
2538:Ibrahim al-Mazini
2438:Saadallah Wannous
2235:Rifa'a al-Tahtawi
2225:Butrus al-Bustani
2180:Ibrahim al-Yaziji
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2006:Ibn Abi al-Khisal
1891:ibn Hani al-Azdi
1733:Usama ibn Munqidh
1708:Sharif al-Murtaza
1693:Al-Sharif al-Radi
1653:Al-Sarī al-Raffā’
1453:Bashshar ibn Burd
1325:Suraqah al-Bariqi
1275:Hassan ibn Thabit
1226:
1225:
1163:Laila bint Lukaiz
1088:Afira bint 'Abbad
1056:
1055:
1019:Arabic literature
985:
984:
844:Husayn ibn Hamdan
834:Hamdan ibn Hamdun
382:prisoner exchange
258:with his nephew,
229:Hamdan ibn Hamdun
161:Upper Mesopotamia
141:أبو فراس الحمداني
123:
122:
104:Years active
16:(Redirected from
2861:
2819:Hamdanid dynasty
2631:
2630:
2598:Mourid Barghouti
2553:Nazik Al-Malaika
2483:Abdellatif Laabi
2403:Ghassan Kanafani
2328:Sonallah Ibrahim
2313:Nawal El Saadawi
2240:Abdallah Marrash
2230:Ahmad Zaki Pasha
2210:Qustaki al-Himsi
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
1881:Lubna of Córdoba
1786:Maria Alphaizuli
1673:Laylā bint Ṭarīf
1428:Ahmad al-Tifashi
1300:Jarir ibn Atiyah
1295:Suraqa bin Malik
1290:Jamil ibn Ma'mar
1245:
1244:
1232:
1231:
1213:Aktham ibn Saifi
1208:Zuhayr ibn Janab
1062:
1061:
1027:
1026:
1012:
1005:
998:
989:
988:
854:Sa'id ibn Hamdan
820:Hamdanid dynasty
813:
806:
799:
790:
789:
785:
771:
708:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
638:
632:
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
583:
577:
568:
562:
556:
550:
544:
538:
532:
526:
487:
481:
475:
465:
455:
449:
443:
393:
308:Byzantine Empire
250:
219:, as his father
186:
185:
180:
169:Byzantine Empire
153:Hamdanid dynasty
142:
114:
46:
32:
31:
21:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2763:
2638:
2617:
2478:Mohammed Bennis
2468:Mohamed Choukri
2408:Ghada al-Samman
2338:Mahmoud Darwish
2299:
2295:Tawfiq al-Hakim
2250:Maryana Marrash
2245:Francis Marrash
2175:Nasif al-Yaziji
2170:Maruf al Rusafi
2147:
2126:
2122:Ahmed Ben Triki
2083:
2010:
1765:
1757:
1718:Yaqut al-Hamawi
1588:Ibn al-Muqaffa'
1568:Yunus ibn Habib
1513:ibn al-Mudabbir
1369:
1335:Waddah al-Yaman
1305:Ka'b bin Zuhayr
1270:Fadl Ashsha'ira
1239:
1222:
1168:Mahd al-Aadiyya
1133:Amr ibn Kulthum
1069:
1052:
1034:
1021:
1016:
986:
981:
971:
955:
905:
858:
822:
817:
705:
685:
680:
672:
668:
660:
656:
648:
641:
633:
629:
621:
617:
609:
605:
597:
586:
578:
571:
563:
559:
551:
547:
539:
535:
527:
498:
494:
427:Sahib ibn Abbad
419:
417:Work and legacy
241:Byzantine Greek
221:Abi'l-Ala Sa'id
201:
112:
91:
81:
72:
66:
64:
63:
53:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2867:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2608:Samih al-Qasim
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:Omar Abu Risha
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Youssef Rzouga
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2473:Leila Abouzeid
2470:
2465:
2463:Alaa Al Aswany
2460:
2455:
2453:Leila Aboulela
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Colette Khoury
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Abbās al-Aqqād
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2318:Naguib Mahfouz
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:Naoum Mokarzel
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2079:Al-Qalqashandi
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Ibn al-Kattani
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:Ibn Abd Rabbih
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1743:Ibn al-Shajari
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1563:Rabia of Basra
1560:
1555:
1553:Aban al-Lahiqi
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:Abu al-Atahiya
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:Ibn al-Mu'tazz
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1280:Ibn Abi Hasina
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
992:
983:
982:
976:
973:
972:
970:
969:
963:
961:
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
935:Sa'id al-Dawla
931:
924:
916:
914:
907:
906:
904:
903:
896:
889:
884:
877:
874:Nasir al-Dawla
869:
867:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
830:
828:
824:
823:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
787:
786:
772:
725:Kramers, J. H.
721:Gibb, H. A. R.
709:
703:
684:
681:
679:
678:
676:, p. 318.
666:
654:
652:, p. 327.
639:
637:, p. 326.
627:
625:, p. 322.
615:
603:
584:
582:, p. 317.
569:
557:
555:, p. 316.
545:
533:
495:
493:
490:
418:
415:
378:Constantinople
318:tribes of the
260:Nasir al-Dawla
223:—a son of the
200:
197:
173:Constantinople
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
82:
78:
74:
73:
67:
61:
59:
55:
54:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2866:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Sayf al-Dawla
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Yusuf al-Khal
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Elia Abu Madi
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:Waciny Laredj
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Zakaria Tamer
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Ibrahim Tuqan
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Nizar Qabbani
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Kahlil Gibran
2268:
2266:
2265:Mikhail Naimy
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Hafez Ibrahim
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Ibn al-Wannan
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:Ibn Al Ouardy
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Ibn al-Yayyab
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Ibn al-Khatib
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Ibn al-Zaqqaq
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:Al-Rumaikiyya
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:Al Suhrawardi
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:Ibn al-Anbari
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Bint al-Mahdī
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:Early Islamic
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Imru' al-Qais
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
993:
990:
980:
974:
968:
965:
964:
962:
960:Later members
958:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
936:
932:
930:
929:
928:Sa'd al-Dawla
925:
923:
922:
921:Sayf al-Dawla
918:
917:
915:
913:
910:Hamdanids of
908:
902:
901:
897:
895:
894:
890:
888:
885:
883:
882:
878:
876:
875:
871:
870:
868:
866:
863:Hamdanids of
861:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
827:Early members
825:
821:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
795:
794:
791:
783:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
704:0-521-24016-6
700:
696:
692:
687:
686:
675:
674:El Tayib 1990
670:
663:
662:El Tayib 1990
658:
651:
650:El Tayib 1990
646:
644:
636:
635:El Tayib 1990
631:
624:
623:El Tayib 1990
619:
612:
611:El Tayib 1990
607:
600:
595:
593:
591:
589:
581:
580:El Tayib 1990
576:
574:
566:
565:El Tayib 1990
561:
554:
553:El Tayib 1990
549:
542:
541:El Tayib 1990
537:
530:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
496:
489:
486:
480:
474:
469:
468:H. A. R. Gibb
464:
459:
454:
448:
442:
441:
434:
432:
428:
424:
423:Arabic poetry
414:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
392:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:Ibn Khallikan
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:Syrian Desert
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
296:
292:
290:
289:Ibn Khalawayh
286:
282:
278:
273:
270:and northern
269:
265:
264:Sayf al-Dawla
261:
257:
252:
249:
248:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
205:
196:
194:
193:Arabic poetry
190:
189:Sa'd al-Dawla
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:Sayf al-Dawla
146:
138:
134:
131:
127:
119:
116:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:Occupation(s)
94:
89:
85:
79:
75:
71:
60:
56:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2729:Saudi Arabia
2672:Copto-Arabic
2573:Saadi Yousef
2548:Safa Khulusi
2533:Hasan Tawfiq
2503:Alifa Rifaat
2498:Tahar Djaout
2398:Emile Habibi
2388:Sinan Antoon
2305:Contemporary
2290:Taha Hussein
2280:Jurji Zaydan
2260:Ahmed Shawqi
2205:Ameen Rihani
2054:Ibn al-Wardi
1941:al-Shushtari
1916:Umm Al-Kiram
1821:Ibn al-Abbar
1801:Al-Rukuniyya
1748:Ibn al-Nafis
1678:Al-Tha'alibi
1628:Ibn Qutaybah
1528:Al-Mutanabbi
1508:ibn al-Mahdi
1483:Ibn al-Farid
1438:ibn al-'Amid
1397:
1388:Ibn al-Ahnaf
1153:Hatim al-Tai
1083:Adi ibn Zayd
978:
945:
933:
926:
919:
898:
891:
879:
872:
780:
751:
744:
713:Gibb, H.A.R.
694:
669:
657:
630:
618:
606:
560:
548:
536:
435:
431:Imru al-Qays
420:
407:Abu'l-Ma'ali
400:
371:
359:Ibn al-Athir
344:
301:
285:al-Mutanabbi
253:
210:
132:
125:
124:
117:
113:Notable work
29:
2814:Arab rebels
2784:930s births
2613:Fadwa Tuqan
2558:Ahmed Matar
2543:al-Jawahiri
2523:Amal Donqol
2518:Salah Jahin
2448:Tayeb Salih
2323:Yusuf Idris
2275:Farah Antun
2215:al-Kawakibi
2112:Hanna Diyab
2089:Ottoman era
2074:Ibn Khaldun
2044:Ibn Battuta
1956:Ibn al-Arif
1851:Ibn Khafaja
1633:Dik al-Jinn
1623:Al-Qasabani
1593:Al-Mubarrad
1578:Al-Farahidi
1548:Al-Armanazi
1488:Ibn al-Rumi
1468:Al-Isfahani
1443:Al-Hamadani
1408:Al-Mudabbir
1375:Abbasid era
1365:al-Mufaddal
1260:Al-Farazdaq
1218:Al-Munakhal
1113:Al-Shanfara
1098:Al-Hujayjah
1067:Pre-Islamic
881:Abu Taghlib
741:Pellat, Ch.
733:Schacht, J.
717:"Abū Firās"
485:al-Rūmiyyāt
463:al-Rūmiyyāt
447:Ḥamdāniyyah
391:al-Rūmiyyāt
367:Ibn Shaddad
330:or his son
320:Diyar Mudar
237:al-Muqtadir
178:al-Rūmiyyāt
118:al-Rūmiyyāt
2789:968 deaths
2778:Categories
2704:Mauritania
2508:Ali Douagi
2428:Hanna Mina
2418:Al Gosaibi
2285:May Ziadeh
2200:Ahmad Rida
2165:El Baroudy
2097:Al-Nabulsi
2069:al-Nafzawi
2064:Ibn Nubata
2039:Ibn Manzur
2016:Mamluk era
2001:Ibn Tufayl
1991:Ibn Jubayr
1961:Ibn Wahbun
1946:Abu Madyan
1876:Ibn Zaydún
1871:Ibn Zamrak
1861:Ibn Quzman
1846:Ibn Juzayy
1841:Ibn Bassam
1811:Ibn Hamdis
1776:Abu Ja'far
1763:Al-Andalus
1753:Ibn 'Adlan
1698:Ibn Hayyus
1688:al-Tawhīdī
1683:Al-Daylami
1668:Al-Tughrai
1648:Ibn Bakkar
1583:Al-Shafi'i
1518:Al-Ma'arri
1493:Ibn Duraid
1403:Abu Tammam
1178:Al-Nabigha
492:References
411:Karghawayh
277:Ibn Nubata
143:), was an
2719:Palestine
2568:al-Sayyab
2563:Al-Bayati
2034:Al-Busiri
1981:al-Fazazi
1966:Ibn Abdun
1936:Ibn Arabi
1926:Yusuf III
1921:Yusuf III
1911:Al-Tutili
1831:Ibn Amira
1796:Buthaina
1791:Ibn Ammar
1728:Al-Hallaj
1663:Niftawayh
1608:Al-Zahiri
1533:Abu Nuwas
1498:al-Zajjaj
1463:Al-Busiri
1423:Al-Asma'i
1315:Kuthayyir
1310:Al-Khansa
1237:Classical
1103:Al-Ḥurqah
946:Abu Firas
768:495469456
750:Volume I:
737:Lewis, B.
529:Gibb 1960
355:Euphrates
351:Kharshana
281:al-Farabi
247:umm walad
68:probably
18:Abu Firas
2662:Djibouti
2378:Said Akl
1971:Avempace
1951:al-Rundi
1931:Ibn Hazm
1866:Ibn Sahl
1836:Ibn Baqi
1713:Al Uyuni
1543:Shāriyah
1538:Al-Jahiz
1173:Mu'aqqir
1143:Al-A'sha
743:(eds.).
715:(1960).
386:Samosata
322:and the
225:Hamdanid
184:الروميات
130:pen name
2749:Tunisia
2734:Somalia
2709:Morocco
2694:Lebanon
2657:Comoros
2652:Bahrain
2647:Algeria
2423:Echebbi
1976:al-Baji
1906:Qasmuna
1768:Maghreb
1658:Al-Suli
1458:Buhturi
683:Sources
340:Mar'ash
235:caliph
233:Abbasid
217:Baghdad
107:948–968
70:Baghdad
65:932/933
2754:U.A.E.
2689:Kuwait
2684:Jordan
2343:Adunis
2145:Modern
2102:Fuzûlî
1901:Nazhun
1193:Tarafa
912:Aleppo
766:
739:&
701:
479:ʿIrāqī
473:qaṣīda
470:, the
453:ʿIrāqī
440:qaṣīda
374:Hadath
336:Ra'ban
316:Nizari
312:Harran
304:Manbij
268:Aleppo
165:Manbij
137:Arabic
86:(near
2759:Yemen
2744:Syria
2739:Sudan
2724:Qatar
2699:Libya
2667:Egypt
2157:Nahda
1896:Muhya
1638:‘Inān
1158:Labīd
865:Mosul
719:. In
272:Syria
256:Mosul
157:Syria
84:Sadad
48:1963
2714:Oman
2679:Iraq
1766:and
979:bold
764:OCLC
699:ISBN
599:PmbZ
458:Shia
403:Homs
338:and
213:Iraq
199:Life
159:and
145:Arab
88:Homs
77:Died
58:Born
1032:Old
756:doi
752:A–B
396:Rūm
384:at
2780::
762:.
748:.
735:;
731:;
727:;
723:;
642:^
587:^
572:^
499:^
195:.
139::
1011:e
1004:t
997:v
812:e
805:t
798:v
770:.
758::
707:.
394:(
181:(
135:(
90:)
20:)
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