353:. Herod was not ungrateful, and rewarded Pollion and Pollion's student Sameas (Shemaiah) with great honors. In the second source, Herod exacted the oath of allegiance under penalty of death, and continues: "He desired also to compel Pollion, the Pharisee, and Sameas, together with the many who followed them, to take this oath; they, however, refused to do this, but nevertheless were not punished as were others who had refused to take it, and this indeed out of consideration for Pollion." This episode took place in the eighteenth year of Herod's reign (20 or 19 BCE).
676:
622:, vol. 13, no. 3 (Dec., 1917), p. 164 (note 2) concludes: "From the combination Pollio and Sameas, in the passage quoted, it is evident that Josephus had in mind the pair Abtalyon and Shemaiah, who preceded Hillel and Shammai as heads of the Sanhedrin (Mishnah Avot 1)."
235:, "You wise men, be careful of your words, lest you draw upon yourselves the punishment of exile and be banished to a place of bad water (dangerous doctrine), and your disciples, who come after you, drink thereof and die, and the name of the
364:; still others, that both sources refer to Hillel and Shammai. According to the latter opinions, Josephus was misled by the similarity of the names Shemaiah and Shammai, and so wrote "Pollion and Sameas" instead of "Hillel and Shammai."
356:
Some modern scholars believe that both of these sources refer to
Abtalyon and Shemaiah; others, that the first source refers to Avtalyon and Shemaya and the second source to
239:
thereby be profaned." He cautions the rabbis herein against participation in politics (compare the maxim of his colleague) as well as against emigration to Egypt, where
282:(Biblical interpretation) introduced by Abtalion and Shemaiah seems to have evoked opposition among the Pharisees. Abtalion and Shemaiah are also the first whose
349:
In the first source, Abtalion used his influence with the people in persuading the men of
Jerusalem, in the year 37 BCE, to open the gates of their city to
342:) who may be identical to Shemaya. Linguistically, the original form of Pollion is presumably Ptollion, which explains both the prefixed A in the
99:
946:
304:; that is, about twelve cents. This was no doubt to prevent overcrowding by the people, or for some reasons stated by the Shammaites.
300:. Abtalion's academy was not free to every one, but those who sought entrance paid daily a small admission fee of one and a half
664:
92:
639:
941:
816:
457:
468:
85:
956:
951:
698:
689:
335:
200:, the crowd deserted him upon the approach of Abtalion and Shemaiah and followed them. However,
175:
873:
288:(legal decisions) are handed down to later times. Among them is the important one that the
254:, and it was probably by no mere chance that their pupil Hillel was the first to lay down
8:
809:
503:
70b. Compare also
Josephus, l.c., Παλλίων ό φαρισαιος, where a title is probably intended
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268:
interpretation. These two scholars are the first whose sayings are recorded in the
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197:
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893:
802:
693:
685:
240:
155:
935:
734:
680:
565:
Levi-Naḥum, Yehuda (1986). "The graves of the fathers and of the righteous".
289:
146:
during the 1st century BCE, and by tradition the vice-president of the great
131:
574:
904:
178:
or the descendants of converts; by tradition they were descended from King
661:
The Cyclopædia; or, Universal
Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature
379:
255:
192:
relates that once, when the high priest was being escorted home from the
179:
679: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
552:
209:
774:
615:
569:(in Hebrew). Ḥolon, Israel: Mifʻal ḥaśifat ginze Teman. p. 250.
151:
147:
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264:; he may have been indebted to his teachers for the tendency toward
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cruelly persecuted the
Pharisees. This gives pertinence to his
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36:
854:
825:
307:
The traditional tombs of
Shmaiah and Abtalion are located in
159:
41:
794:
308:
360:(who became leader in 30 BCE according to the Talmud) and
236:
215:
Little is known about
Abtalion's life. He was a pupil of
19:"Avtalyon" redirects here. For the Israeli village, see
634:, "The Identity of Pollio, the Pharisee, in Josephus",
227:, where he and also his teacher Judah took refuge when
186:. Despite this, they were influential and beloved. The
250:
Abtalion and
Shemaiah are the first to bear the title
204:
has argued that neither
Shemaiah nor Abtalion was of
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684:
330:, who may be identical to Abtalion, along with a
933:
810:
93:
817:
803:
618:, "Roman Knowledge of Jewish Literature",
564:
100:
86:
346:and the omission of the t in Josephus.
934:
223:, and probably lived for some time in
798:
567:Sefer ṣohar le-ḥasifat ginzei teiman
258:rules for the interpretation of the
704:It has the following bibliography:
120:
13:
14:
983:
947:Converts to Judaism from paganism
721:2d ed., iii. 187 et seq., 617-618
196:by the people, at the close of a
702:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
674:
653:
644:
625:
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530:
158:. They are known as one of the
154:. He lived at the same time as
16:1st-century BCE Pharisee leader
518:
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318:
1:
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739:Geschichte des Volkes Israel,
663:, vol. 18, London 1819, s.v.
396:
424:i.1, and Landau, p. 319
208:descent, although both were
169:
142:era. He was a leader of the
7:
751:pp. 116, 117, 149, 463
636:The Jewish Quarterly Review
277:
174:Abtalion and Shemaiah were
10:
988:
555:, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 539.
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18:
853:
832:
384:
377:
369:
761:i. 148 et seq., 152, 153
737:, ibid. iii. 227; idem,
292:must be offered even if
699:The Jewish Encyclopedia
942:1st-century BCE rabbis
696:; et al. (eds.).
638:, vol. 49, no. 1 , p.
418:Yerushalmi Moed Kattan
138:sage in the early pre-
787:Lehman, J. (1892) in
620:The Classical Journal
874:Joshua ben Perachiah
475:— meaning "preacher"
274:. The new method of
690:"Abtalion, Pollion"
650:Jewish Encyclopedia
549:The Guide to Israel
537:Avot of Rabbi Natan
422:Dor Dor we-Dorshaw,
311:, a village in the
176:converts to Judaism
164:Shmaya and Avtalyon
957:Pirkei Avot rabbis
884:Simeon ben Shetach
845:Antigonus of Sokho
755:Isaac Hirsch Weiss
420:3 81b; see Weiss,
388:Menahem the Essene
326:twice refers to a
243:ideas threatened
229:Alexander Jannaeus
221:Simeon ben Shetach
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869:Jose ben Jochanan
745:Joseph Derenbourg
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889:Judah ben Tabbai
879:Nittai of Arbela
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373:Judah ben Tabbai
370:Preceded by
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121:אַבְטַלְיוֹן
112:
111:
604:Antiquities
592:Antiquities
380:Av Beth Din
336:Koinē Greek
319:In Josephus
296:falls on a
256:hermeneutic
180:Sennacherib
936:Categories
781:ii., s.v.
711:i. 118-120
606:15:10, § 4
553:Zev Vilnay
446:Geschichte
397:References
972:Sanhedrin
967:Pharisees
826:Zugot Era
775:Hamburger
616:Max Radin
594:15:1, § 1
489:Beshallaḥ
170:Biography
152:Jerusalem
148:Sanhedrin
144:Pharisees
124:ʾAḇṭalyōn
74:Acharonim
899:Abtalion
779:R. B. T.
588:Josephus
575:15417732
513:Pesachim
501:Pesachim
487:Mekhilta
469:Pesachim
448:iii. 171
324:Josephus
302:tropaïka
294:Passover
285:halakhot
237:Holy One
140:Mishnaic
136:rabbinic
134:) was a
128:Avtalyon
113:Abtalion
69:Rishonim
57:Savoraim
21:Avtalion
920:Menahem
916:Shammai
741:ii. 253
683::
362:Shammai
340:Σαμαίας
328:Pollion
313:Galilee
298:Sabbath
271:aggadah
266:aggadic
261:Midrash
252:darshan
245:Judaism
206:Gentile
184:Assyria
156:Sh'maya
52:Amoraim
47:Tannaim
911:Hillel
894:Shmaya
783:Semaya
749:Essai,
725:Landau
665:Hillel
573:
414:Gittin
358:Hillel
344:Talmud
332:Sameas
278:derush
202:Graetz
194:Temple
189:Talmud
117:Hebrew
64:Geonim
37:Chazal
962:Zugot
855:Zugot
727:, in
692:. In
416:57b;
412:71b;
241:Greek
233:maxim
160:zugot
126:) or
42:Zugot
759:Dor,
571:OCLC
539:3 :1
525:Yoma
434:Yoma
410:Yoma
309:Jish
219:and
527:35b
515:66a
471:70b
436:71b
182:of
150:of
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767:,
757:,
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717:,
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640:53
590:,
551:,
338::
315:.
247:.
212:.
166:.
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918:(
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