592:
414:), Chazal had also the authority to decree restrictions and to enact new religious regulations, in any matter they saw fit, concerning issues that were not included in the written Torah, or were not delivered at Mount Sinai. These rabbinical
201:
105:
567:
267:) of sages from consecutive generations, who lived during a period of around 100 years towards the end of the Second Temple era. (142
2532:
368:(Torah study places) in Babylon from the end of the era of the Amoraim (5th century) and until the beginning of the era of the
330:
who were active during the end of the era of the sealing of the
Mishnah, and until the times of the sealing of the Talmud (220
2414:
1372:
763:
98:
527:
479:
571:
814:
626:
238:
1117:
799:
91:
1550:
845:
386:
193:
196:
194:
1087:
381:
Until the end of the
Savoraim era, Chazal had the authority to comment on the Torah according to the
2214:
1464:
197:
198:
1817:
870:
382:
195:
2407:
2112:
1904:
1721:
1158:
575:
439:
389:, sometimes even expounding a word or phrase outside its plain and ordinary sense. Nowadays in
2168:
1365:
1208:
1077:
756:
1691:
1459:
1329:
1294:
1243:
1047:
1022:
1017:
956:
926:
875:
683:
506: "Chachameinu Zichronam Livracha", meaning "Our Sages, may their memory be blessed".
499:
452:(liminal gateways), and the institution of the current schedule of daily prayer services โ
242:
208:
Chazal are generally divided according to their era and the main writing done in that era:
199:
150:
8:
2357:
2163:
2097:
2092:
1899:
1631:
1500:
1485:
1429:
1238:
1198:
1137:
1132:
1002:
936:
921:
895:
855:
619:
554:
2066:
1944:
1802:
1736:
1716:
1701:
1339:
1324:
1284:
1279:
1173:
1127:
1122:
1102:
1052:
1027:
850:
840:
809:
729:
693:
654:
307:
2527:
2441:
2400:
2173:
2040:
2010:
1990:
1832:
1741:
1731:
1616:
1495:
1490:
1289:
1223:
1193:
1112:
1067:
1057:
1007:
931:
890:
885:
819:
678:
343:
20:
416:
2452:
2377:
2341:
2326:
2117:
2025:
2005:
1894:
1812:
1666:
1661:
1591:
1520:
1358:
1319:
1274:
1228:
1213:
1168:
1107:
1037:
1012:
941:
789:
749:
720:
698:
688:
390:
347:
315:
393:, this authority is not delegated to the current generation's sages, and thus the
2522:
2295:
2259:
2249:
2229:
2193:
2188:
2102:
2045:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1782:
1777:
1726:
1711:
1696:
1656:
1646:
1540:
1535:
1505:
1439:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1334:
1032:
966:
961:
865:
673:
649:
252:
126:
2457:
2372:
2305:
2254:
2198:
2183:
2158:
2035:
1767:
1686:
1626:
1596:
1525:
1395:
1309:
1299:
1269:
1233:
1203:
1178:
1163:
1142:
1097:
1062:
992:
900:
703:
612:
295:
228:
596:
2516:
2500:
2300:
2148:
2143:
2015:
1969:
1873:
1868:
1822:
1792:
1671:
1641:
1601:
1530:
1515:
1510:
1444:
1314:
1259:
997:
880:
860:
351:
2483:
2290:
2138:
2107:
2050:
2000:
1746:
1706:
1454:
1419:
1409:
1072:
987:
946:
804:
714:
528:"Divinity and Humanity: What the Jewish Sages Thought About the Oral Torah"
364:
2437:
2367:
2336:
2087:
2072:
1938:
1787:
1676:
1571:
1449:
1304:
982:
951:
916:
338:
CE). The
Amoraim sages were active in two areas, the Land of Israel, and
311:
233:
154:
591:
2178:
2082:
2030:
2020:
1995:
1863:
1807:
1581:
1576:
1264:
1183:
466:
2362:
2331:
2321:
2244:
2234:
2153:
1959:
1954:
1858:
1772:
1762:
1651:
1218:
1092:
454:
407:
302:
CE. In addition to the
Mishnah, their writings were preserved in the
79:
2423:
2280:
2275:
2224:
2219:
1985:
1964:
1949:
1889:
1480:
835:
708:
425:
358:
74:
62:
372:(from the end of the 6th century or the midst of the 7th century).
2479:
2285:
2077:
1924:
1636:
1381:
1187:
1082:
1042:
794:
772:
725:
435:
430:
411:
399:
339:
322:
303:
291:
286:
247:
213:
177:
142:
138:
134:
57:
52:
24:
2473:
2239:
1797:
1681:
1621:
1586:
1545:
460:
369:
327:
146:
69:
192:
2133:
1611:
1606:
1555:
781:
664:
635:
421:
394:
259:
223:
47:
604:
2447:
2392:
448:
218:
1350:
741:
403:("Jewish Law"), if it contradicts Chazal's commentary.
183:
406:
Until the middle of the
Tannaim era, when there was a
397:
can not be commentated on, in matters concerning the
350:, their writings were preserved in midrashs such as
16:
Jewish sages of the Mishna, Tosefta and Talmud eras
180:(Jewish law) and less regarding Jewish theology.
2514:
555:"ืื ืฆืืงืืืคืืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืช - ืชืืจื ืฉืืขื ืคื - ืชืงืืคืืช"
149:eras, spanning from the final 300 years of the
2408:
1366:
757:
620:
176:. Their authority was mostly in the field of
99:
1393:
446:) before eating bread, the construction of
251:("traditions") era, including the times of
2415:
2401:
1373:
1359:
764:
750:
627:
613:
217:("scribes"): Sages from before the era of
106:
92:
420:("commandments") include the holidays of
306:. Key figures among the Tannaim include
2515:
1922:
549:
547:
2396:
1921:
1392:
1354:
745:
608:
376:
184:Rabbinical eras; eras of the Halakha
544:
130:
13:
2315:Seventh Generation (until 465 CE):
14:
2544:
2351:Eighth Generation (until 500 CE):
2127:Fourth Generation (until 340 CE):
1979:Second Generation (until 280 CE):
1756:Fourth Generation (until 340 CE):
1474:Second Generation (until 280 CE):
584:
326:("expounders"): The sages of the
19:For the 20th-century writer, see
2269:Sixth Generation (until 430 CE):
2208:Fifth Generation (until 380 CE):
2060:Third Generation (until 310 CE):
1932:First Generation (until 250 CE):
1883:Sixth Generation (until 410 CE):
1852:Fifth Generation (until 380 CE):
1565:Third Generation (until 310 CE):
1403:First Generation (until 250 CE):
590:
480:Jewish commentaries on the Bible
2533:Talmud concepts and terminology
815:Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
290:("teachers"): The sages of the
23:. For the village in Iran, see
561:
520:
492:
231:. This era stretches from the
227:era, including the men of the
1:
634:
595:The dictionary definition of
513:
440:ritual washing of one's hands
272:
158:
2422:
1118:Eleazar ben Judah of Bartota
800:Houses of Hillel and Shammai
485:
362:("reasoners"): The sages of
7:
2503:(head of Pumbedita Academy)
2476:(head of Pumbedita Academy)
2118:Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak
1551:Hillel, son of Gamaliel III
1380:
846:Ishmael ben Elisha ha-Kohen
771:
473:
387:Law given to Moses at Sinai
10:
2549:
572:Halakhah le-Moshe mi-Sinai
385:standards required by the
18:
2493:
2466:
2430:
2350:
2314:
2268:
2207:
2126:
2059:
1978:
1931:
1917:
1882:
1851:
1755:
1564:
1473:
1402:
1388:
1252:
1151:
1088:Haninah ben Ahi R. Joshua
975:
909:
828:
779:
663:
642:
503:
239:Moses receiving the Torah
2215:Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak
2041:Raba Bar Jeremiah (Abba)
1465:Simeon ben Judah ha-Nasi
464:(afternoon prayer), and
1818:Abba bar Hiyya bar Abba
871:Hanina Segan ha-Kohanim
434:("set-aside items") on
383:Talmudical hermeneutics
334:CE – 500
263:("pairs"): Five pairs (
2113:Rav Shmuel bar Yehudah
1905:Samuel b. Jose b. Boon
1890:Judah IV (Nesi'ah III)
1763:Judah III (Nesi'ah II)
1722:Shila of Kefar Tamarta
1260:Judah haNasi (Judah I)
1159:Simeon ben Gamaliel II
841:Shimon ben Gamliel (I)
576:Jewish Virtual Library
237:("giving of the Law";
2169:Hiyya b. Abin Naggara
836:Gamaliel I, the Elder
342:. In addition to the
271:BCE –
1692:Tachlifa of the West
1481:Judah II (Nesi'ah I)
1460:Simeon ben Jehozadak
1330:Yadua the Babylonian
1295:Symmachus ben Joseph
1244:Eliezer ben Jacob II
1048:Hanina ben Antigonus
1023:Eleazar ben Perata I
1018:Haninah ben Teradion
957:Akabia ben Mahalalel
927:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
876:Abba Saul ben Batnit
684:Joshua ben Perachiah
570:(Hebrew wikipedia);
243:Biblical Mount Sinai
151:Second Temple period
2164:Idi b. Abin Naggara
2098:Rabbah bar Rav Huna
2093:Rav Yosef bar Hiyya
1900:Hanina of Sepphoris
1632:Rabbah bar bar Hana
1486:Johanan bar Nappaha
1430:Epes the Southerner
1239:Hananiah ben Akavia
1199:Eleazar ben Shammua
1138:Abba Jose ben Hanan
1133:Simeon the Yemenite
1003:Eleazar ben Azariah
937:Nehunya ben HaKanah
922:Joshua ben Hananiah
896:Eliezer ben Jacob I
856:Jonathan ben Uzziel
780:Last Generation of
504:ืืืืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืืืจืื
294:, who lived in the
2067:Rabbah bar Nahmani
1945:Samuel of Nehardea
1803:Isaac ben Eliashiv
1737:Kahana bar Tahlifa
1702:Luliani ben Tabrin
1340:Abba Kohen Bardela
1325:Simeon ben Menasya
1285:Simeon ben Eleazar
1280:Eleazar ben Simeon
1174:Shimon ben Halafta
1128:Hanan the Egyptian
1123:Matteya ben Heresh
1103:Jeshbab the Scribe
1078:Eleazar of Modi'im
1053:Hanina ben Hakinai
1028:Johanan ben Baroka
851:Yohanan ben Zakkai
694:Simeon ben Shetach
655:Antigonus of Sokho
470:(evening prayer).
458:(morning prayer),
377:Chazal's authority
308:Yohanan ben Zakkai
2510:
2509:
2467:Second Generation
2442:Pumbedita Academy
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2174:Mar son of Ravina
2011:Jeremiah bar Abba
1991:Judah bar Ezekiel
1913:
1912:
1833:Pedat ben Eleazar
1617:Samuel ben Nahman
1496:Eleazar ben Pedat
1491:Shimon ben Lakish
1348:
1347:
1290:Eleazar ha-Kappar
1224:Johanan HaSandlar
1194:Shimon bar Yochai
1152:Fourth Generation
1113:Johanan ben Torta
1068:Elisha ben Abuyah
1058:Yochanan ben Nuri
1008:Jose the Galilean
932:Eleazar ben Arach
910:Second Generation
891:Judah ben Bathyra
886:Dosa ben Harkinas
820:Simeon ben Hillel
739:
738:
679:Jose ben Jochanan
568:"ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืกืื ื"
410:(a High Court of
344:Babylonian Talmud
206:
205:
116:
115:
21:Malcolm de Chazal
2540:
2494:Third Generation
2453:Samuel b. Abbahu
2431:First Generation
2417:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2378:Samuel b. Abbahu
2358:Rabbah Tosafa'ah
2342:Judah b. Meremar
2327:Mar bar Rav Ashi
2026:Hiyya bar Joseph
2006:Rabbah bar Abuha
1919:
1918:
1895:Tanhuma bar Abba
1813:Hasa of Eshtemoa
1667:Jose of Yokereth
1662:Hanina ben Pappa
1390:
1389:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1275:Ishmael ben Jose
1253:Fifth Generation
1229:Pinchas ben Yair
1214:Joshua ben Karha
1169:Jose ben Halafta
1108:Aquila of Sinope
1038:Simeon ben Azzai
1013:Eliezer ben Jose
976:Third Generation
942:Nachum Ish Gamzu
829:First Generation
790:Hillel the Elder
766:
759:
752:
743:
742:
699:Judah ben Tabbai
689:Nittai of Arbela
629:
622:
615:
606:
605:
594:
578:
565:
559:
558:
551:
542:
541:
539:
538:
524:
507:
505:
496:
348:Jerusalem Talmud
337:
333:
301:
281:
279:
274:
270:
188:
187:
175:
173:
167:
165:
160:
132:
108:
101:
94:
32:
31:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2489:
2462:
2426:
2421:
2391:
2382:
2346:
2310:
2296:Huna bar Nathan
2264:
2260:Bevai bar Abaye
2250:Rav Mesharshiya
2230:Huna ben Joshua
2203:
2194:Mari bar Rachel
2189:Rabbah b. Shela
2122:
2103:Joseph bar Hama
2055:
2046:Adda bar Ahavah
1974:
1927:
1909:
1878:
1847:
1843:Acha bar Hanina
1838:Abba bar Pappai
1828:Abba bar Zemina
1783:Jose bar Zevida
1778:Rabbi Berekhiah
1751:
1727:Anani ben Sason
1712:Shimon ben Pazi
1697:Avdimi of Haifa
1657:Hanina bar Papi
1647:Abba bar Kahana
1560:
1541:Shimon bar Abba
1536:Hama bar Hanina
1506:Jose bar Hanina
1469:
1440:Hanina bar Hama
1435:Joshua ben Levi
1425:Hoshaiah Rabbah
1398:
1384:
1379:
1349:
1344:
1335:Joshua ben Levi
1248:
1147:
1033:Simeon ben Zoma
971:
967:Shmuel ha-Katan
962:Simeon HaPakoli
905:
866:Hanina ben Dosa
824:
775:
770:
740:
735:
674:Jose ben Joezer
659:
650:Simeon the Just
638:
633:
587:
582:
581:
566:
562:
553:
552:
545:
536:
534:
526:
525:
521:
516:
511:
510:
497:
493:
488:
476:
444:netilat yadayim
379:
335:
331:
299:
277:
275:
268:
253:Simeon the Just
219:Ezra the scribe
202:
200:
186:
171:
169:
163:
161:
112:
35:Rabbinical eras
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2546:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2458:Rav Rahumi III
2455:
2450:
2445:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2373:Rav Rahumi III
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2306:Sama bar Raqta
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2255:Hanina of Sura
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2199:Acha Bar Yosef
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Isaac b. Judah
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:Rav Kahana III
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:Hiyya bar Ashi
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:Jeremiah (III)
1765:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1687:Abba bar Memel
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1627:Hiyya bar Abba
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Rabbi Yitzchak
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Judah b. Hiyya
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:Jose ben Zimra
1307:
1302:
1300:Issi ben Judah
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Jose ben Judah
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1234:Simeon Shezuri
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:Rabbi Nehemiah
1201:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1179:Rabbi Jonathan
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:Judah bar Ilai
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1143:Judah ben Dama
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:Jose ben Kisma
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:Eleazar Chisma
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
993:Judah ben Bava
990:
985:
979:
977:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
907:
906:
904:
903:
901:Nahum the Mede
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
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2108:Ammi b. Abba
2001:Hamnuna Saba
1747:Abin Naggara
1707:Abba of Acre
1455:Jeremiah (I)
1420:Rabbi Yannai
1410:Gamaliel III
1396:Eretz Israel
1209:Rabbi Nathan
1073:Rabbi Ilai I
988:Rabbi Tarfon
947:Abba Hilkiah
805:Bnei Bathyra
715:Bnei Bathyra
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2368:Rabbah Jose
2337:Aha b. Rava
2088:Hamnuna III
2073:Rav Nachman
1939:Abba Arikha
1923:Amoraim of
1788:Rabbi Jonah
1677:Hoshaiah II
1572:Gamaliel IV
1450:Bar Kappara
1394:Amoraim of
1305:Bar Kappara
983:Rabbi Akiva
952:Rabbi Zadok
917:Gamaliel II
312:Rabbi Akiva
234:Matan Torah
155:7th century
2517:Categories
2179:Rav Shizbi
2083:Rav Chisda
2031:Rav Giddel
2021:Rav Berona
1996:Hamnuna II
1864:Gamaliel V
1808:Rabbi Aibu
1582:Rabbi Assi
1577:Rabbi Ammi
1265:Huna Kamma
1186:(and wife
1184:Rabbi Meir
537:2024-07-13
514:References
412:Jewish law
245:), to the
221:until the
170: 625
168: โ c.
162: 250
153:until the
133:) are the
2482:(head of
2440:(head of
2363:Ravina II
2332:Rafram II
2322:Rav Yemar
2245:Mar Zutra
2235:Rav Zevid
2154:Rav Safra
1960:Rav Shela
1859:Hillel II
1773:Rabbi Aha
1732:Alexandri
1652:Rav Avira
1219:Abba Saul
1093:Abtolemus
782:Zugot Era
636:Zugot Era
486:Footnotes
455:shacharit
408:Sanhedrin
391:Orthodoxy
298:until 220
276: 40
80:Acharonim
2528:Acronyms
2424:Savoraim
2281:Ravina I
2276:Rav Ashi
2225:Rav Papi
2220:Rav Papa
2069:(Rabbah)
1986:Rav Huna
1965:Rav Assi
1950:Mar Ukva
1521:Hezekiah
1415:R. Hiyya
709:Abtalion
474:See also
426:Hanukkah
359:Savoraim
346:and the
147:Talmudic
143:Toseftic
139:Mishnaic
75:Rishonim
63:Savoraim
2480:Rav Ena
2286:Maremar
2078:Sheshet
1925:Babylon
1717:Me'asha
1637:Levi II
1382:Amoraim
1188:Bruriah
1083:Halafta
1043:Onkelos
810:Menahem
795:Shammai
773:Tannaim
730:Menahem
726:Shammai
532:18Forty
500:acronym
467:ma'ariv
436:Shabbat
431:muktzeh
417:mitzvot
400:halakha
340:Babylon
323:Amoraim
304:Midrash
292:Mishnah
287:Tannaim
248:Halakha
214:Soferim
178:Halakha
58:Amoraim
53:Tannaim
25:Chahzal
2523:Chazal
2474:Simuna
2240:Amemar
1798:Zerika
1682:Hanina
1622:Abin I
1587:Abbahu
1546:Simlai
721:Hillel
704:Shmaya
598:Chazal
461:mincha
449:eruvim
438:, the
370:Geonim
336:
332:
328:Talmud
314:, and
300:
278:
269:
172:
164:
135:Jewish
127:Hebrew
119:Chazal
70:Geonim
43:Chazal
2134:Abaye
1955:Karna
1941:(Rav)
1823:Rabin
1612:Helbo
1607:Zeira
1556:Zeiri
881:Admon
665:Zugot
422:Purim
395:Torah
265:zugot
260:Zugot
224:Zugot
157:, or
123:แธคazal
48:Zugot
2448:Ahai
2139:Rava
2051:Anan
1592:Ulla
502:for
424:and
145:and
131:ืืืดื
498:An
280:BCE
241:on
166:BCE
121:or
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546:^
530:.
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159:c.
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