464:
49:
901:
693:
480:
935:, Banisadr ascribed the unusually open political climate before the election to the government's great need to prove its legitimacy, which he said was lost. He further stated that the spontaneous uprising had cost the government its political legitimacy, and that Khamenei's threats led to the violent crackdown, which also cost the government its religious legitimacy.
927:
by alleging that "Khamenei ordered the fraud in the presidential elections and the ensuing crackdown on protesters." In addition, Banisadr said the government was "holding on to power solely by means of violence and terror" and accused its leaders of amassing individual wealth to the detriment of
803:
in Paris in
October 1981. By 1984, however, Banisadr had fallen out with Rajavi, accusing him of ideologies favoring dictatorship and violence. Furthermore, Banisadr opposed the armed opposition as initiated and sustained by Rajavi and instead sought support for Iran during the war with Iraq.
744:
had seized presidential buildings and imprisoned writers at a newspaper closely tied to
Banisadr. Over the next few days, the government executed several of Banisadr's closest friends and advisors, in addition to hundreds of revolutionaries deemed unsympathetic to the regime.
874:
wrote: "The book is not what normally passes for a bestseller. Cobbled together from a series of interviews conducted by French journalist Jean-Charles Deniau, it is never merely direct when it can be enigmatic, never just simple when it can be labyrinthine." In a review for
923:, claimed that Khomeini was directly responsible for the violence originating from the Muslim world and that the promises Khomeini made in exile were broken after the revolution. In July 2009, Banisadr publicly denounced the Iranian government's conduct after the disputed
729:, then head of the judicial system. Khomeini himself appears to have instigated the impeachment, which he signed the next day. According to historian Kenneth Katzman, Banisadr believed the clerics should not directly govern Iran and was perceived as supporting the
555:
Following his impeachment, Banisadr fled Iran and found political asylum in France. Banisadr later focused on political writings about his activities during the
Iranian revolution and his critiques of the Iranian government. He became a critic of Supreme Leader
891:
called it "an interesting—though frequently incredible and consistently self-serving-memoir" and said "frequent sensational accusations render his tale an eccentric, implausible commentary on the tragic folly of the
Iranian Revolution."
794:
Banisadr and Rajavi found political asylum in Paris, conditional on abstaining from anti-Khomeini activities in France. This restriction was effectively ignored after France evacuated its embassy in Tehran. Banisadr, Rajavi, and the
596:. He participated in the anti-Shah student movement during the early 1960s, which led to his being imprisoned twice and wounded during an uprising in 1963. Soon after, due to his political activities, Banisadr fled to
1337:
3100:
1451:
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2000:
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described the book as "a rambling, self-serving series of reminiscences" and "long on sensational allegations and devoid of documentation that might lend credence to Bani-Sadr's claims."
1110:
670:
to a four-year term as president, receiving 78.9 percent of the vote. Inaugural ceremonies took place on 4 February at a hospital where
Khomeini was recuperating from a heart ailment.
772:
to plan an alliance. However, after the execution on 27 July 1981 of prominent MEK member
Mohammad Reza Saadati, Banisadr and Rajavi concluded that it was unsafe to remain in Iran.
1429:
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with a constitutional authority to dismiss politicians, had insisted that members of the clergy not run for positions in the government. On 25 January 1980, Banisadr was
391:
2220:
756:
for a few days before his removal, assisted by the MEK. There, he attempted to organize an alliance of anti-Khomeini factions to retake power, including the MEK, the
662:
In
January 1980, Banisadr registered to become a candidate for Iran's newly formed presidential office. He was not an Islamic cleric; Khomeini, who was by then the
3085:
2823:
3105:
1784:
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787:
piloted by
Colonel Behzad Moezzi. It followed a routine flight plan before deviating out of Iranian groundspace to Turkish airspace and eventually landing in
2074:
1455:
651:, who left to become prime minister. On 12 November 1979, following the Interim Government's dissolution, Banisadr was appointed by the Council to replace
1903:
3065:
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1710:
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controlling Iran, Banisadr was appointed Deputy
Minister of Finance on 4 February 1979. At the direction of Khomeini, he also became a member of the
2008:
3095:
3045:
2637:
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1268:
623:. He later joined the Iranian resistance group led by Khomeini, becoming one of his most fervent advisors. On 1 February 1979, with the end of the
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as
Minister of Foreign Affairs. That same month, on 17 November, Banisadr was promoted to Finance Minister, replacing the outgoing
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was among the few people in the government who remained in support of Banisadr, but he was later stripped of his powers.
497:
2075:"Family, Iranian state media say Iran's first president, Abolhassan Banisadr, dies in Paris from long illness at age 88"
1550:
1145:
Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle; Ali Mohammadi (January 1987). "Post-Revolutionary Iranian Exiles: A Study in Impotence".
3020:
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Banisadr in his absence on 21 June 1981, allegedly because of his moves against the clerics in power, in particular
3060:
2432:
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761:
1187:
516:; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident. He was the first
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533:
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3030:
3000:
1876:
819:
859:
3025:
2617:
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1378:
Kenneth Katzman (2001). "Iran: The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran". In Albert V. Benliot (ed.).
959:
in Paris following their exile. They later divorced, and the alliance between him and Rajavi also ended.
2132:
1272:
2879:
2866:
2452:
640:
541:
1945:
1060:
Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini
952:
2184:
1015:, Doris Schroeder and Abol-Hassan Banisadr, with translation by Mahmood Delkhasteh and Sarah Amsler
2787:
1971:
705:
2815:
2199:"Le Coran et le pouvoir: Principes fondamentaux du Coran (Hors collection Imago) (French Edition)"
971:
2887:
2872:
2171:
663:
368:
2937:
2925:
2392:
746:
383:
3010:
3005:
2782:
2707:
2692:
2612:
1477:
Mozaffari, Mahdi (1993). "Changes in the Iranian political system after Khomeini's death".
1303:
967:
944:
593:
448:
2115:"Yvelines | la communauté iranienne rend hommage à Abolhassan Bani Sadr à Versailles"
8:
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791:. As a disguise, Banisadr shaved his eyebrows and mustache and dressed in a skirt.
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1844:
585:
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341:
20:
1430:"Iran: Abolhassan Bani-sadar Is Sworn In As First President Of Iran. 1980"
2792:
2642:
2622:
1780:
1086:
An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996
913:
865:
722:
656:
581:
529:
493:
261:
1733:
1607:
The Constitution of Iran: politics and the state in the Islamic Republic
3101:
Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President politicians
2858:
2697:
2682:
2587:
2001:"Indispensability of Examining Sexual Abuses within the Cult of Rajavi"
1711:"My Turn To Speak: Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals with the U.S."
1166:
784:
674:
443:
2156:"My Turn To Speak: Iran, The Revolution and Secret Deals with the U.S"
2919:
2900:
1812:"My Turn to Speak: Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals with the US"
1725:
989:
My Turn to Speak: Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals with the U.S.
816:
My Turn to Speak: Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals with the U.S.
592:. As a student, Banisadr studied law, theology, and sociology at the
692:
2845:
814:
In 1991, Banisadr released an English translation of his 1989 text
1701:
1699:
1697:
1404:"Banisadr, Iran's First President After the 1979 Revolution, Dies"
2221:"banisadr.org - Abolhassan Banisadr: Dignity in the 21st Century"
768:
exile groups. He met numerous times while hiding with MEK leader
577:
337:
19:"Banisadr" redirects here. For the Iranian-American artist, see
1694:
1144:
753:
718:
609:
597:
1452:"Banisadr, Iran's first president after 1979 revolution, dies"
1246:"Banisadr, Iran's first president after 1979 revolution, dies"
1904:"Former Iran president says Khamenei behind election "fraud""
948:
788:
780:
On 29 July 1981, Banisadr and Rajavi were smuggled aboard an
740:
Even before Khomeini signed the articles of impeachment, the
615:
In 1972, Banisadr's father died and it was at the funeral in
357:
1188:"Abolhassan Bani-Sadr, Former Iranian President, Dies at 88"
2948:
678:
616:
392:
Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President
1551:"Iranian presidential elections 2013: the essential guide"
2560:
1007:
Le Coran et le pouvoir: principes fondamentaux du Coran
966:
in Paris on 9 October 2021, at age 88. He is buried in
2032:"Exiled Iranians Try to Foment Revolution From France"
1227:. New York: Penguin Books. p. 308. Archived from
912:, arguing that the ordeal was isolating Iran from the
737:, spoke in favor of Banisadr during his impeachment.
3071:
Candidates in the 1980 Iranian presidential election
1047:(36). Institute for humanities and cultural studies.
673:
In August and September 1980, Banisadr survived two
3091:
Members of the Assembly of Experts for Constitution
1935:
1057:
2089:"Former Iranian President Bani-Sadr dies in Paris"
536:in June 1981. Prior to his presidency, he was the
281:Member of the Assembly of Experts for Constitution
1809:
1756:"Bani-Sadr, in U.S., Renews Charges of 1980 Deal"
1577:"Iran Parliament finds Banisadr unfit for office"
2992:
600:, where he studied finance and economics at the
3086:Impeached Iranian officials removed from office
2239:"banisadr.org - تالیفات بنی صدر از 1360 به بعد"
1377:
3106:National Council of Resistance of Iran members
2400:Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces
2337:President of the Council of Islamic Revolution
2129:"IRAN: EXPERIMENTING WITH THE ISLAMIC ECONOMY"
1803:
1609:, London; New York: I.B. Tauris, 1997, p.293-4
1269:"Iran: Experimenting with the Islamic Economy"
608:which roughly translates as "The Economics of
2831:
2546:
2447:
2433:
1938:"The Regime Cares Nothing about Human Rights"
1931:
1929:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
584:who had originally migrated to the area from
37:
1753:
1625:
1041:"مجادلات دوره مصدق به شورای انقلاب کشیده شد"
239:17 November 1979 – 10 February 1980
185:12 November 1979 – 29 November 1979
1994:
1992:
1747:
1601:
1599:
1597:
933:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
567:
3066:Exiles of the Iranian Revolution in France
2838:
2824:
2553:
2539:
2440:
2426:
1926:
1891:
1835:
1630:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 133–136.
1373:
1371:
1369:
1321:
1121:
1089:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 57.
1038:
938:
293:15 August 1979 – 15 November 1979
47:
3081:Council of the Islamic Revolution members
1969:
1476:
1380:Iran: Outlaw, Outcast, Or Normal Country?
1266:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1178:
1176:
1034:
1032:
127:Head of Council of the Islamic Revolution
1989:
1965:
1963:
1652:"Bani-Sadr Flees to Paris For 2nd Exile"
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1594:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
955:. Banisadr's daughter, Firouzé, married
899:
832:1980 United States presidential election
691:
3046:National Front (Iran) student activists
1366:
991:Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 1991.
962:After a long illness, Banisadr died at
919:Banisadr, in a 2008 interview with the
908:In 1980 Banisadr openly criticized the
631:to the country together with Khomeini.
528:, serving from February 1980 until his
498:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
139:7 February 1980 – 20 July 1980
77:4 February 1980 – 21 June 1981
16:1st President of Iran from 1980 to 1981
2993:
1970:Bani-Sadr, Abolhassan (31 July 2009).
1705:
1518:
1206:
1182:
1173:
1082:
1029:
916:and forming "a state within a state".
801:National Council of Resistance of Iran
619:where he first became acquainted with
604:. He wrote a book on Islamic finance,
572:Banisadr was born on 22 March 1933 in
550:National Council of Resistance of Iran
400:National Council of Resistance of Iran
2819:
2534:
2421:
2030:Smith, Craig S. (24 September 2005).
2029:
1998:
1960:
1861:
1779:
1612:
1505:
1454:. Spectrum Local News. Archived from
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1217:
943:Beginning in 1981, Banisadr lived in
826:and leaders in Tehran to prolong the
696:Banisadr (left) inaugurated as first
2562:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Iran
1841:Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin
3096:Iranian people of the Iran–Iraq War
2309:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran
1936:Abolhassan Banisadr (3 July 2009).
1720:(5). Council on Foreign Relations.
1519:Sahimi, Mohammad (20 August 2013).
1470:
1271:. CA&C Press AB. Archived from
1039:Barseghian, Serge (February 2008).
824:Ronald Reagan presidential campaign
807:
775:
764:, while eschewing any contact with
544:. He had resided for many years in
513:
38:
13:
2154:Qu, William B. (28 January 2009).
2153:
1875:. 19 February 2008. Archived from
1583:, Reuters, p. 1, 22 June 1981
1491:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1993.tb01659.x
1287:
1238:
560:and the country's handling of its
14:
3117:
2253:
1999:Irani, Bahar (19 February 2011).
752:Banisadr had gone into hiding in
645:Council of the Islamic Revolution
3051:People of the Iranian Revolution
1382:. Nova Publishers. p. 101.
1332:
1111:"پورتال رسمی شهرداری بیجار گروس"
478:
462:
2593:Mirza Mohammad-Ali Khan Shirazi
2231:
2213:
2191:
2147:
2121:
2107:
2081:
2067:
2049:
2023:
1829:
1773:
1669:
1644:
1569:
1543:
1521:"Iran's Bloody Decade of 1980s"
1444:
1422:
1396:
762:Fedaian Organisation (Minority)
747:Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri
580:. His father, Nasrollah, was a
424:
1869:"Persian TV weekly highlights"
1260:
1103:
1076:
1051:
818:In the book, Banisadr alleged
712:
1:
2983:indicate interim officeholder
2260:Abolhassan Banisadr's website
1910:. 7 July 2009. Archived from
1785:"Bani-Sadr Thickens the Plot"
1022:
931:In published articles on the
689:by Khomeini on 10 June 1981.
1677:"Bani-Sadr escapes to Paris"
1058:Houchang E. Chehabi (1990).
1003:. Paris: La Découverte, 1989
860:Iraq's 1980 invasion of Iran
7:
3076:Commanders-in-chief of Iran
3041:Iranian emigrants to France
2282:Minister of Finance of Iran
2077:. ABC News. 9 October 2021.
1754:Neil A Lewis (7 May 1991).
1410:. Bloomberg. 9 October 2021
1062:. I.B.Tauris. p. 200.
1013:Dignity in the 21st Century
685:, Banisadr was made acting
576:, a small village north of
538:Minister of Foreign Affairs
169:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
3122:
3036:University of Paris alumni
1221:Paved with Good Intentions
964:Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
758:Kurdistan Democratic Party
731:People's Mujahedin of Iran
18:
3021:Foreign ministers of Iran
3016:Finance ministers of Iran
2978:
2947:
2910:
2857:
2806:
2568:
2460:
2406:
2397:
2384:
2379:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2343:
2334:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2298:
2288:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2131:. CAC.org. Archived from
2057:"ابوالحسن بنیصدر درگذشت"
1628:Iran Since the Revolution
1159:10.1080/01436598708419964
1001:Le complot des ayatollahs
634:
470:
458:
442:
434:
411:
374:
364:
347:
324:
319:
315:
307:
297:
286:
279:
267:
255:
250:Council of the Revolution
243:
232:
225:
213:
201:
196:Council of the Revolution
189:
178:
167:
155:
143:
132:
125:
113:
101:
91:
81:
70:
62:
58:
46:
35:
28:
1972:"Iran at the Crossroads"
1308:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1083:Jessup, John E. (1998).
976:
895:
797:Kurdish Democratic Party
733:(MEK). Only one deputy,
706:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
568:Early life and education
548:where he co-founded the
342:Imperial State of Persia
3061:Iranian revolutionaries
2179:Cite magazine requires
1810:Abol Hassan Bani-Sadr.
939:Personal life and death
834:. He also claimed that
627:drawing near, Banisadr
905:
709:
677:crashes near the Iran–
664:Supreme Leader of Iran
486:This article contains
2393:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1626:Sepehr Zabih (1982).
1304:"Abolhasan Bani-Sadr"
1218:Rubin, Barry (1980).
1147:Third World Quarterly
970:, in the cemetery of
925:presidential election
903:
721:(Iranian Parliament)
695:
647:, taking the seat of
2867:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
2851:Iranian Armed Forces
2357:Position established
2005:Habilian Association
1531:on 28 September 2018
838:plotted to set up a
704:is on the right and
594:University of Tehran
514:سید ابوالحسن بنیصدر
449:University of Tehran
3056:Iran hostage crisis
3031:People from Hamadan
3001:Abolhassan Banisadr
2847:Commanders-in-Chief
2495:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
2465:Abolhassan Banisadr
1879:on 3 September 2014
1789:The Washington Post
1656:The Washington Post
1234:on 21 October 2013.
1186:(10 October 2021).
951:closely guarded by
947:, near Paris, in a
910:Iran hostage crisis
871:The Washington Post
852:Zbigniew Brzezinski
828:Iran hostage crisis
742:Revolutionary Guard
681:border. During the
506:Abolhassan Banisadr
453:Sorbonne University
227:Minister of Finance
92:Prime Minister
82:Supreme Leader
30:Abolhassan Banisadr
3026:Presidents of Iran
2938:Mohammad Reza Shah
2926:Mohammad Reza Shah
2471:Mohammad-Ali Rajai
2449:Presidents of Iran
2389:Title last held by
2373:Mohammad-Ali Rajai
2346:Position abolished
2269:Political offices
2135:on 10 October 2021
2117:. 18 October 2021.
2036:The New York Times
2011:on 19 January 2013
1976:The New York Times
1942:Die Welt / Qantara
1837:Abrahamian, Ervand
1760:The New York Times
1605:Schirazi, Asghar,
1581:The New York Times
1354:on 3 December 2013
1334:Metz, Helen Chapin
1275:on 10 October 2021
1192:The New York Times
906:
710:
687:commander-in-chief
641:Interim Government
625:Iranian Revolution
542:Interim Government
522:Iranian Revolution
120:Mohammad-Ali Rajai
108:Office established
96:Mohammad-Ali Rajai
2988:
2987:
2873:Mohammad Ali Shah
2813:
2812:
2528:
2527:
2519:Masoud Pezeshkian
2416:
2415:
2410:Ruhollah Khomeini
2407:Succeeded by
2380:Military offices
2370:Succeeded by
2363:President of Iran
2344:Succeeded by
2330:Mohammad Beheshti
2320:Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
2317:Succeeded by
2289:Succeeded by
2158:. Foreign Affairs
1948:on 20 August 2010
1854:978-1-85043-077-3
1791:. Washington, D.C
1707:Quandt, Walter B.
1637:978-0-7099-3000-6
1479:Political Studies
1458:on 9 October 2021
1389:978-1-56072-954-9
1096:978-0-313-28112-9
999:. Translation of
883:William B. Quandt
840:Palestinian state
782:Iranian Air Force
735:Salaheddin Bayani
727:Mohammad Beheshti
702:Mohammad Beheshti
698:President of Iran
621:Ruhollah Khomeini
518:president of Iran
494:rendering support
474:
473:
311:1,752,816 (69.4%)
220:Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
150:Mohammad Beheshti
86:Ruhollah Khomeini
65:President of Iran
3113:
2949:Islamic Republic
2840:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2788:Amir-Abdollahian
2618:Nosrat-ed-Dowleh
2603:Moshir od-Dowleh
2555:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2513:Mohammad Mokhber
2489:Mohammad Khatami
2483:Akbar Rafsanjani
2442:
2435:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2327:Preceded by
2299:Preceded by
2274:Preceded by
2266:
2265:
2247:
2246:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2095:. 9 October 2021
2085:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2007:. Archived from
1996:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1944:. Archived from
1933:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1900:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1873:Voice of America
1865:
1859:
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1833:
1827:
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1822:
1807:
1801:
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1726:10.2307/20045078
1703:
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1590:
1588:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1527:. Archived from
1516:
1503:
1502:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
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1419:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1347:. Archived from
1342:
1338:"The Revolution"
1330:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1300:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1264:
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1201:
1199:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1142:
1119:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1045:Shahrvand Weekly
1036:
1018:Books after 1980
983:Touhid Economics
928:other Iranians.
921:Voice of America
904:Banisadr in 2013
844:Iranian province
809:My Turn to Speak
799:established the
776:Flight and exile
606:Eghtesad Tohidi,
515:
482:
481:
466:
428:
426:
404:
396:
388:
354:
334:
332:
320:Personal details
291:
270:
258:
246:
237:
216:
204:
192:
183:
174:
162:Office abolished
158:
146:
137:
116:
104:
75:
53:Banisadr in 1979
51:
42:
41:
40:
39:ابوالحسن بنیصدر
26:
25:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3110:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2974:
2943:
2906:
2853:
2844:
2814:
2809:
2802:
2573:Neshat Esfahani
2564:
2559:
2529:
2524:
2456:
2446:
2412:
2403:
2390:
2375:
2366:
2358:
2355:
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2340:
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2322:
2313:
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2294:
2285:
2277:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2181:|magazine=
2180:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2159:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
1997:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1968:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1914:on 28 July 2009
1902:
1901:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1834:
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1820:
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1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1714:Foreign Affairs
1709:(Winter 1991).
1704:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1638:
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1604:
1595:
1586:
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1575:
1574:
1570:
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1558:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1517:
1506:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1432:. British Pathe
1428:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1376:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1267:Bekkin, Renat.
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1248:. News Observer
1244:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1184:Kinzer, Stephen
1181:
1174:
1143:
1122:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1056:
1052:
1037:
1030:
1025:
979:
941:
898:
878:Foreign Affairs
854:conspired with
836:Henry Kissinger
820:covert dealings
812:
778:
715:
637:
570:
520:after the 1979
503:
502:
501:
492:Without proper
483:
479:
451:
430:
427: 1961)
422:
418:
407:
402:
394:
386:
376:
375:Other political
365:Political party
356:
352:
336:
330:
328:
302:Tehran Province
292:
287:
268:
256:
244:
238:
233:
214:
202:
190:
184:
179:
172:
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156:
144:
138:
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114:
102:
76:
71:
54:
36:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3119:
3109:
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3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2971:(1989–present)
2966:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2888:Abolqasem Khan
2884:
2876:
2870:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2854:
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2842:
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2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
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2620:
2615:
2613:Nasrullah Khan
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2521:(2024–present)
2516:
2515:(acting, 2024)
2510:
2504:
2501:Hassan Rouhani
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2461:
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2342:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2315:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2292:Hossein Namazi
2290:
2287:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2254:External links
2252:
2249:
2248:
2230:
2212:
2190:
2146:
2120:
2106:
2080:
2066:
2061:BBC News فارسی
2048:
2022:
1988:
1959:
1925:
1890:
1860:
1853:
1847:. p. 60.
1828:
1816:Kirkus Reviews
1802:
1783:(6 May 1991).
1772:
1746:
1693:
1668:
1643:
1636:
1611:
1593:
1568:
1542:
1504:
1485:(4): 611–617.
1469:
1443:
1421:
1395:
1388:
1365:
1320:
1286:
1259:
1237:
1205:
1172:
1153:(1): 108–129.
1120:
1115:shora.bijar.ir
1102:
1095:
1075:
1069:978-1850431985
1068:
1050:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1004:
986:
978:
975:
957:Massoud Rajavi
940:
937:
897:
894:
888:Kirkus Reviews
856:Saddam Hussein
811:
806:
777:
774:
770:Massoud Rajavi
714:
711:
649:Mehdi Bazargan
636:
633:
569:
566:
562:2009 elections
524:abolished the
496:, you may see
484:
477:
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389:
384:National Front
380:
378:
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366:
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361:
355:(aged 88)
351:9 October 2021
349:
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326:
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274:Hossein Namazi
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15:
9:
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4:
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2:
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2818:
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2799:
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2776:
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2756:
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2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:Mirfendereski
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
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2676:
2674:
2671:
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2666:
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2656:
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2639:
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2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:Ebrahim Raisi
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
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2484:
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2478:
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2472:
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2411:
2402:
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2387:
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2365:
2364:
2354:
2350:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2303:
2302:Ebrahim Yazdi
2297:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2200:
2194:
2186:
2173:
2172:cite magazine
2157:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2116:
2110:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2076:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1930:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
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1708:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1682:
1678:
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1657:
1653:
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1639:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1557:. 13 May 2013
1556:
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1500:
1496:
1492:
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1473:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1431:
1425:
1409:
1408:Bloomberg.com
1405:
1399:
1391:
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1374:
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1370:
1350:
1346:
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1335:
1329:
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1305:
1299:
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1270:
1263:
1247:
1241:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1194:. p. A21
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1168:
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1141:
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1065:
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1042:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1009:, Imago, 1993
1008:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:0-08-040563-0
994:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
974:
973:
969:
965:
960:
958:
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953:French police
950:
946:
936:
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732:
728:
724:
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707:
703:
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694:
690:
688:
684:
683:Iran–Iraq War
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
653:Ebrahim Yazdi
650:
646:
642:
632:
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469:
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417:Ozra Hosseini
414:
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401:
398:
393:
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385:
382:
381:
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339:
335:22 March 1933
327:
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224:
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209:
208:Ebrahim Yazdi
206:
200:
197:
194:
188:
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177:
170:
166:
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160:
154:
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148:
142:
136:
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118:
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109:
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100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
74:
69:
66:
61:
57:
50:
45:
34:
27:
22:
2980:
2956:
2912:Pahlavi Iran
2886:
2880:Alireza Khan
2878:
2737:
2693:Ghods-Nakhai
2688:Sharif-Emami
2477:Ali Khamenei
2464:
2398:
2391:
2385:
2361:
2352:
2335:
2307:
2280:
2262:(in Persian)
2243:banisadr.org
2242:
2233:
2225:banisadr.org
2224:
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2193:
2160:. Retrieved
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2133:the original
2123:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2092:
2083:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
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2025:
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485:
377:affiliations
353:(2021-10-09)
298:Constituency
288:
269:Succeeded by
245:Appointed by
234:
215:Succeeded by
191:Appointed by
180:
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157:Succeeded by
134:
115:Succeeded by
107:
72:
21:Ali Banisadr
3011:2021 deaths
3006:1933 births
2748:Khodapanahi
2509:(2021–2024)
2503:(2013–2021)
2497:(2005–2013)
2491:(1997–2005)
2485:(1989–1997)
2479:(1981–1989)
2467:(1980–1981)
2276:Ali Ardalan
1795:9 September
1587:1 September
914:Third World
866:Lloyd Grove
830:before the
713:Impeachment
657:Ali Ardalan
582:Shia cleric
530:impeachment
403:(1981–1983)
395:(1980–1981)
369:Independent
262:Ali Ardalan
257:Preceded by
203:Preceded by
145:Preceded by
103:Preceded by
2995:Categories
2895:Ahmad Shah
2859:Qajar Iran
2743:Ghotbzadeh
2708:Khalatbari
2588:Amir Kabir
2404:1980–1981
2367:1980–1981
2201:. AbeBooks
1198:31 October
1023:References
968:Versailles
945:Versailles
785:Boeing 707
766:monarchist
760:, and the
675:helicopter
610:Monotheism
534:parliament
444:Alma mater
331:1933-03-22
2965:(1981–89)
2959:(1980–81)
2940:(1953–79)
2934:(1952–53)
2932:Mosaddegh
2928:(1941–52)
2922:(1925–41)
2920:Reza Shah
2901:Reza Khan
2897:(1914–25)
2891:(1910–14)
2883:(1909–10)
2875:(1907–09)
2869:(1906–07)
2353:New title
2311:(Acting)
2205:9 October
2162:9 October
2139:9 October
2099:9 October
1981:9 October
1821:22 August
1686:9 October
1661:9 October
1535:27 August
1499:143804127
1462:9 October
1436:9 October
1414:9 October
1358:10 August
1252:9 October
850:and that
848:Khuzestan
723:impeached
700:in 1980.
639:With the
590:Kurdistan
459:Signature
289:In office
235:In office
181:In office
135:In office
73:In office
2969:Khamenei
2963:Khomeini
2957:Banisadr
2798:Araghchi
2763:Velayati
2738:Banisadr
2728:Bazargan
1883:4 August
1839:(1989).
1734:20045078
1561:16 March
972:Gonards.
858:to plot
629:returned
602:Sorbonne
574:Baghcheh
526:monarchy
435:Children
360:, France
308:Majority
63:1st
2981:Italics
2849:of the
2793:Bagheri
2773:Mottaki
2768:Kharazi
2758:Mousavi
2723:Sanjabi
2678:Ardalan
2673:Entezam
2623:Soheili
2093:Reuters
2041:29 July
2015:29 July
1952:31 July
1918:31 July
1765:31 July
1739:15 June
1525:Payvand
1313:3 March
1279:3 March
1167:3991849
842:in the
668:elected
578:Hamedan
540:in the
510:Persian
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387:(1960s)
338:Hamadan
2903:(1925)
2808:Acting
2778:Salehi
2713:Afshar
2703:Zahedi
2668:Zahedi
2663:Meftah
2658:Fatemi
2648:Kazemi
2638:Salehi
2608:Ansari
2598:Ansari
2583:Aghasi
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754:Tehran
719:Majlis
635:Career
598:France
546:France
412:Spouse
173:Acting
2783:Zarif
2753:Rajai
2733:Yazdi
2653:Navab
2578:Ilchi
2341:1980
2314:1979
2286:1979
1730:JSTOR
1495:S2CID
1352:(PDF)
1341:(PDF)
1232:(PDF)
1225:(PDF)
1163:JSTOR
977:Books
949:villa
896:Views
789:Paris
586:Bijar
423:(
419:
358:Paris
2698:Aram
2683:Aram
2643:Rais
2633:Ala'
2628:Alam
2453:list
2207:2021
2185:help
2164:2021
2141:2021
2101:2021
2043:2013
2017:2013
1983:2021
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1920:2009
1885:2013
1849:ISBN
1823:2016
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1767:2009
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