48:
60:
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773:
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be plugged into any broadband internet connection, a caller could be hundreds or even thousands of miles away from home, yet if the call goes to an answering point at all, it would be the one associated with the caller's address and not the actual location of the call. It may never be possible to reliably and accurately identify the location of a VoIP user, even if a GPS receiver is installed in the VoIP adapter, since such phones are normally used indoors, and thus may be unable to get a signal.
787:
2801:
432:
2791:
595:
2780:
759:
617:(CAD) to record a log of EMS, police and fire services. It can either be used to send messages to the dispatched via a mobile data terminal (MDT) and/or used to store and retrieve data (i.e. radio logs, field interviews, client information, schedules, etc.). A dispatcher may announce the call details to field units over a two-way radio. Some systems communicate using a two-way radio system's selective calling features.
2811:
543:
Identification (ALI). The database is generally maintained by the local telephone company, under a contract with the PSAP. Each telephone company has its standards for the formatting of the database. Most ALI databases have a companion database known as the MSAG, Master Street
Address Guide. The MSAG describes address elements including the exact spellings of street names, and street number ranges.
801:
675:
even that would not be enough to precisely locate the caller. New federal rules, which service providers helped with, require location information for 40 percent of calls by 2017 and 80 percent by 2021. In addition, if a cellphone is connected to a cell tower in a different jurisdiction, which can happen often in a border community, the 911 call will go to the wrong dispatch center.
715:, who alleged that their website and other sales and service documentation did not make clear enough that Vonage's provision of 911 service was not done traditionally. In May 2005, the FCC issued an order requiring VoIP providers to offer 911 service to all their subscribers within 120 days of the order being published. In Canada, the federal regulators have required
566:(LCS protocol). Depending on the mobile phone hardware, one of two types of location information can be provided to the operator. The first is Wireless Phase One (WPH1), which is the tower location and the direction the call came from, and the second is Wireless Phase Two (WPH2), which provides an estimated GPS location.
632:, including wireless carriers, may be entitled to apply for and receive reimbursements for costs of their compliance with laws requiring that their networks be compatible with 911. Fees depend on locality and may range from around $ .25 to $ 3.00 per month, per line. The average wireless 911 fee is around $ .72.
742:
When a caller dials 911, the call is routed to the local public safety answering point. However, if the caller is reporting an emergency in another jurisdiction, the dispatchers may or may not know how to contact the proper authorities. The publicly posted phone numbers for most police departments in
176:) is a crime in most jurisdictions. Penalties for abuse or misuse of 911 can range from probation or community service to fines and jail time. Offenders can also be ordered to undergo counseling and have their use of telephones restricted or suspended for a period of time as a condition of probation.
703:
If 911 is dialed from a commercial VoIP service, depending on how the provider handles such calls, the call may not go anywhere at all, or it may go to a non-emergency number at the public safety answering point associated with the billing or service address of the caller. Because a VoIP adapter can
573:
challenges inherent to IP phone systems, specialized technology has been developed to locate callers in the event of an emergency. Some of these new technologies allow the caller to be located down to the specific office on a particular floor of a building. These technologies support a wide range of
542:
In all North
American jurisdictions, special legislation permits emergency operators to obtain a 911 caller's telephone number and location information. This information is gathered by mapping the calling phone number to an address in a database. This database function is known as Automatic Location
746:
NENA has developed the North
American 911 Resource Database which includes the National PSAP Registry. PSAPs can query this database to obtain emergency contact information of a PSAP in another county or state when it receives a call involving another jurisdiction. Online access to this database is
674:
study showed that where information was compiled on the subject, many of the calls from cell phones did not include information allowing the caller to be located. Chances of getting as close as 100 feet (30 metres) were higher in areas with more towers. But if a call was made from a large building,
651:
Some U.S. states required that all landline telephones connected to the network be able to reach 911, even if normal service has been disconnected (as for nonpayment). In the U.S., carriers are required to connect 911 calls from inactive mobile phones. Similar rules apply in Canada. However,
286:
falsely reported that nobody had called the police in response to
Genovese's cries for help. Some experts theorized that one source of reluctance to call police was due to the complexity of doing so; any calls to the police would go to a local precinct, and any response might depend on which
356:
had 911 service. As late as 1989, at least 28 Chicago suburbs still lacked 911 service; some of those towns had previously elected to decline 911 service due to costs and—according to emergency response personnel—failure to recognize the benefits of the 911 system.
221:
As of 2017, a 911 system is in use in Mexico, and
Argentina where any implementation in different states and municipalities is being conducted. Venezuela also has a 911 emergency service called VEN911. As of 2023, it has been in operation for almost 10 years.
586:
call routing services and automated phone tracking appliances. Many of these services have been established according to FCC, CRTC, and NENA i2 standards, to help enterprises and service providers reduce liability concerns and meet
1222:
1455:
360:
Regarding national U.S. coverage, by 1979, 26% of the U.S. population could dial the number. This increased to 50% by 1987 and 93% by 2000. As of March 2022, 98.9% of the U.S. population has access.
291:
1422:
1252:
1226:
1607:
2150:
743:
the U.S. are non-emergency numbers that often specifically instruct callers to dial 911 in case of emergency, which does not resolve the issue for callers outside of the jurisdiction.
2706:
2698:
2683:
2644:
1277:
719:(ISPs) to provide an equivalent service to the conventional PSAPs, but even these encounter problems with caller location, since their databases rely on company billing addresses.
329:
telephone companies; independent phone companies were not included in the emergency telephone plan. Alabama
Telephone Company decided to implement it ahead of AT&T, choosing
635:
Monthly fees usually do not vary based on the customer's usage of the network, though some states do cap the number of lines subject to the fee for large multi-line businesses.
1637:
1066:
172:. Like other emergency numbers around the world, this number is only intended for use in emergency circumstances. Using it for any other purpose (such as making false or
2086:
1889:
183:, Panama, Belize, Anguilla, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Jordan, Ethiopia, Liberia, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, Uruguay, United States, Palau, Mexico, Tonga and Canada, dialing
1804:
2845:
2034:
1659:
1130:
1359:
638:
These fees defray the cost of providing the technical means for connecting callers to a 911 dispatch center; emergency services themselves are funded separately.
915:
1465:
2581:
267:
recommended that a single number be used for reporting fires. The first city in North
America to use a central emergency number was the Canadian city of
1432:
275:, Mayor of Winnipeg at the time. Winnipeg initially used 999 as the emergency number but switched numbers when 911 was proposed by the United States.
1248:
1741:
678:
As of 2018, 80 percent of 911 calls in the United States were made on cell phones, but the ability to do so by text messaging was not required.
449:
2395:
1603:
2860:
2400:
243:
2248:
2142:
1554:
2340:
496:
2814:
1269:
468:
1966:
1126:
1581:
1715:
1517:
2850:
2380:
1765:
1323:
2082:
620:
CAD systems may send text messages with call-for-service details to alphanumeric pagers or wireless telephony text services like SMS.
475:
2574:
2345:
2172:
1997:
1859:
1629:
563:
1693:
1389:
1074:
975:
948:
352:
to offer 911 to the
Chicago suburbs until 1981. Implementation was not immediate even then; by 1984, only eight Chicago suburbs in
2120:
539:
the caller's location, if available. Enhanced 911 is available in most areas, including approximately 96 percent of the U.S.
2385:
2355:
2315:
2280:
1341:
1200:
482:
30:
This article is about the North
American emergency telephone number. For the emergency telephone number in the Philippines, see
2855:
2365:
250:
1881:
2390:
2320:
2310:
2300:
2285:
2275:
1919:
1544:
1491:
1164:
689:
Certain cell phone operating systems allow users to access local emergency services by calling any country's version of 911.
263:
In the United States, the push for the development of a nationwide
American emergency telephone number came in 1957 when the
1005:
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2804:
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464:
2020:
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47:
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2335:
1159:
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phones in place at the time, would take longer), and because of the middle 1, which indicated a special number (see also
264:
2713:
1122:
2606:
2241:
1367:
722:
VoIP services operating in Canada are required to provide 911 emergency service. In April 2008, an 18-month-old boy in
1300:
1915:
1829:
1495:
907:
664:
About 70 percent of 911 calls came from cell phones in 2014, and finding out where the calls came from required
515:
295:
363:
Conversion to 911 in Canada began in 1972, and as of 2018 virtually all areas (except for some rural areas, such as
2744:
2690:
2676:
2664:
2656:
2637:
2631:
2619:
2439:
231:
2444:
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in 2009. According to the FCC, only 1,600 of about 6,000 911 call centers had the ability, up from 650 in 2016.
453:
2290:
574:
organizations with IP telephony networks. These offerings are available for service providers offering hosted
2234:
2056:
192:
165:
489:
367:) are using 911. As of 2008, each year Canadians make twelve million calls to 911. On November 4, 2019, the
230:
The first use of a national emergency telephone number began in the United Kingdom in 1937 using the number
848:
390:
345:
1748:
1044:
730:
VoIP provider's 911 operator had an ambulance dispatched to the address of the family's previous abode in
294:
recommended the creation of a single number that could be used nationwide for reporting emergencies. The
371:
launched the 911 service across the territory with the ability to receive service in the territory's 11
2590:
2266:
2257:
2200:
T. I. Dayharsh, T. J. Yung, D. K. Hunter and S. C. Ivy, "Update on the national emergency number 911,"
858:
716:
256:. In Canada, 911 service was adopted in 1972, and the first 911 call occurred after a 1974 roll-out in
105:
35:
559:
386:
trial statewide, where AT&T would be able to allow its users to send text messages to 911 PSAPs.
235:
199:
to the caller's location in an emergency. In approximately 96 percent of the United States, the
325:), worked well with the phone systems at the time. At the time, this announcement only affected the
214:. It is the first of its kind in the Asia-Pacific region. It replaces the previous emergency number
2784:
764:
628:
In the United States and Canada, 911 is typically funded via monthly fees on telephone customers.
234:, which continues to this day. In the United States, the first 911 service was established by the
2648:
2625:
2470:
2419:
1943:
868:
614:
608:
442:
340:
on March 1, 1968. However, the rollout of 911 service took many years. For example, although the
653:
2736:
2507:
2502:
2497:
1958:
825:
712:
402:
2226:
1577:
2429:
1719:
1521:
878:
368:
353:
17:
1772:
1315:
2424:
2090:
873:
731:
656:
for inactive lines, and may not be able to call back if an emergency call is disconnected.
59:
39:
2176:
1989:
1941:
Boyle, John (February 24, 2015). "Calling 9-1-1 on a cell? They won't know your address".
1855:
8:
2601:
1689:
853:
337:
330:
299:
239:
1399:
1096:
983:
940:
2835:
2463:
1549:
117:
52:
1337:
1316:"The murder of "Kitty" Genovese that led to the Bystander Effect & the 911 system"
2772:
2728:
2550:
1192:
778:
629:
582:(VoIP) services. This increasingly important segment in IP phone technology includes
372:
282:
in New York City greatly increased the urgency to create a central emergency number.
210:
emergency hotline has been available to the public since August 1, 2016, starting in
207:
196:
31:
2112:
1993:
723:
555:
547:
1911:
2030:
1460:
1427:
1394:
1345:
1256:
1013:
806:
257:
863:
406:
279:
2559:
1169:
2829:
888:
883:
698:
665:
579:
551:
412:
Mexico switched its emergency phone number from 066 to 911 in 2016 and 2017.
349:
157:
67:-approved emergency telephone numbers (this map may not be entirely correct):
1249:
History of 911: America’s Emergency Service, Before and After Kitty Genovese
2724:
1292:
840:, a 1950 MGM feature film that portrays "1119" as a police emergency number
562:
receiver built into the phone itself. Both approaches are described by the
528:
421:
272:
200:
180:
153:
1833:
1487:
908:"911, 108 and 112 are the world's standard emergency numbers, ITU decides"
2751:
679:
383:
326:
310:
246:
149:
1578:"'Growing pains' expected when N.W.T.'s 911 service goes live on Monday"
1193:"History of the Winnipeg Police - Part Five - the Fifties & Sixties"
90: Other number, no redirection or redirection for mobile phones only
792:
536:
456: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
292:
President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
287:
individual sergeant or other ranking personnel might handle the call.
253:
211:
188:
173:
2083:"CRTC Decision on 9-1-1 Emergency Services for VoIP Service Providers"
1270:"How the Death of Kitty Genovese Birthed 911 and Neighborhood Watches"
747:
provided at no charge for authorized local and state 911 authorities.
2410:
2204:
vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 292-297, Nov. 1979, doi: 10.1109/T-VT.1979.23804.
836:
670:
394:
379:
109:
2214:
2060:
786:
431:
309:, which was simple, easy to remember, dialed quickly (999, with the
2486:
2146:
2025:
830:
398:
268:
203:
system automatically pairs caller numbers with a physical address.
169:
137:
2021:"iPhone users warned about potentially dangerous "Siri 108" prank"
271:, Manitoba, in 1959, which instituted the change at the urging of
2143:"Calgary Toddler Dies after Family Calls 9-1-1 on Internet Phone"
727:
364:
341:
161:
1251:", January 19, 2017, by Carolyn Abate in Beyond the Films, PBS.
2256:
1660:"Por primera vez MĂ©xico cuenta con datos sobre llamadas al 911"
1604:"AT&T and State of Tennessee to Launch Text to 9-1-1 Trial"
1070:
1036:
708:
594:
575:
550:
geographically, there are two general approaches: some form of
305:
In 1968, the number was agreed upon. AT&T chose the number
145:
133:
125:
113:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2434:
2325:
843:
820:
814:
321:
315:
141:
2455:
2117:
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
2087:
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
1734:
1630:"Mexico will start first phase of emergency 911 in October"
941:"911 and E911 Services | Federal Communications Commission"
683:
129:
121:
2668:
195:(PSAP) by the telecommunications industry—which can send
64:
187:
from any telephone will link the caller to an emergency
2220:
1423:"Suburbs scurrying to get quick-dial emergency systems"
1959:"Important Info about Calling 911 from a Cell Phone!"
1456:"911 service becomes No. 1 on suburb referendum list"
1037:"VEN 9-1-1 arriba a sus 9 años de creación – Ven 911"
1421:
Thomas Powers, William Recktenwald (April 6, 1984).
754:
2739: (North America Suicide & Crisis Lifeline)
2223:, Web site of the 911 Program in the United States.
1666:(in Mexican Spanish). July 24, 2017. Archived from
1518:"Community Directory – Fire/Emergency Numbers"
737:
378:On September 15, 2010, AT&T announced that the
2693: (Austria, Egypt, and Bosnia and Herzegovina)
344:, had access to 911 service as early as 1976, the
1366:. County of Union, South Carolina. Archived from
34:. For emergency telephone numbers generally, see
2846:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1968
2827:
302:in November 1967 in order to choose the number.
2589:
1390:"Illinois Bell to offer 911 system to suburbs"
179:In over 98 percent of locations in Argentina,
2575:
2471:
2242:
1420:
348:did not authorize telephone service provider
51:A dispatcher takes an emergency call at the
1882:"Old cell phones give dispatchers headache"
1716:"U.S. Patent#6526125 (PatentStorm website)"
970:
968:
966:
2790:
2582:
2568:
2478:
2464:
2249:
2235:
2202:IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,
1798:"TELEPHONE PENETRATION BY INCOME BY STATE"
602:
336:AT&T made its first implementation in
1856:"Calling 9-1-1 (City of Calgary website)"
1542:
1127:Service de police de la Ville de Montréal
564:radio resource location services protocol
516:Learn how and when to remove this message
2012:
1987:
1351:
963:
935:
933:
707:In March 2005, commercial VoIP provider
593:
58:
46:
2217:, Web site of 9-1-1 Services in Canada.
2153:from the original on September 21, 2013
2119:. Government of Canada. April 4, 2005.
1520:. Government of Nunavut. Archived from
1034:
397:use the North American Numbering Plan;
14:
2861:Telephone numbers in the United States
2828:
1690:"Washington State Legislature website"
1640:from the original on February 15, 2018
1610:from the original on September 9, 2012
1557:from the original on November 23, 2009
1543:Robertson, Grant (December 19, 2008).
1313:
1290:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1047:from the original on February 23, 2024
1035:Escobar, Rosanny (November 22, 2022).
951:from the original on December 14, 2019
646:
2563:
2459:
2230:
2037:from the original on October 24, 2019
2000:from the original on December 5, 2018
1940:
1922:from the original on October 17, 2014
1892:from the original on December 4, 2012
1492:National Emergency Number Association
1453:
1190:
1165:National Emergency Number Association
930:
692:
465:"911" emergency telephone number
2810:
2018:
1810:from the original on August 10, 2011
1584:from the original on August 22, 2021
454:adding citations to reliable sources
425:
382:had approved a service to support a
2123:from the original on April 10, 2017
1830:"Denton County (Ga.) 9-1-1 website"
1498:from the original on March 11, 2022
1145:
1089:
918:from the original on April 16, 2021
265:National Association of Fire Chiefs
24:
2607:Harmonised service of social value
2194:
1988:Anderson, Mae (October 31, 2018).
1969:from the original on June 27, 2023
1862:from the original on April 7, 2012
1696:from the original on March 8, 2012
1606:. PR Newswire. September 5, 2012.
1326:from the original on May 20, 2021.
1303:from the original on May 20, 2021.
1280:from the original on May 20, 2021.
1203:from the original on June 16, 2017
1133:from the original on April 6, 2020
1067:"999 celebrates its 70th birthday"
25:
2872:
2851:Federal Communications Commission
2208:
2019:Earl, Jennifer (March 22, 2017).
1916:Federal Communications Commission
1575:
1357:
1291:Darata, Heather (April 2, 2018).
980:Federal Communications Commission
535:or E911) automatically gives the
296:Federal Communications Commission
2809:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2778:
2766:
2544:
1990:"Why is it so hard to text 911?"
1398:. April 23, 1981. Archived from
1314:Thomas, Kristin (June 8, 2018).
1223:"Winnipeggers call 999 for help"
799:
785:
771:
757:
738:Emergencies across jurisdictions
430:
278:In 1964, the rape and murder of
2165:
2135:
2113:"Telecom Decision CRTC 2005–21"
2105:
2089:. April 4, 2005. Archived from
2075:
2049:
1981:
1951:
1934:
1904:
1874:
1848:
1822:
1790:
1758:
1708:
1682:
1652:
1622:
1596:
1569:
1536:
1510:
1480:
1454:Cekay, Thomas (April 2, 1989).
1447:
1414:
1382:
1330:
1307:
1284:
1262:
1241:
1215:
1184:
1073:. June 29, 2007. Archived from
441:needs additional citations for
415:
238:and the first call was made in
2709: (Mercosur member states)
2667:(Europe and others, worldwide
1115:
1059:
1028:
998:
900:
659:
13:
1:
2856:Three-digit telephone numbers
2485:
1742:"Emergency Gateway Datasheet"
1340:", August 21, 2018, History.
894:
193:public safety answering point
166:North American Numbering Plan
2785:Telecommunication portal
1747:. 911 Enable. Archived from
1160:"9-1-1 Origin & History"
849:Emergency medical dispatcher
652:dispatchers may not receive
580:Voice over Internet Protocol
391:British Overseas Territories
346:Illinois Commerce Commission
244:Alabama Speaker of the House
7:
2841:Emergency telephone numbers
2747:(Bangladesh, UK and others)
2679:(parts of Asia and Jamaica)
2591:Emergency telephone numbers
1006:"911 Philippines is ready!"
750:
641:
10:
2877:
2267:Emergency medical services
2258:Emergency medical services
1545:"Canada's 9-1-1 emergency"
1225:. CBC News. Archived from
859:Emergency telephone number
717:Internet service providers
696:
623:
606:
419:
225:
106:emergency telephone number
36:Emergency telephone number
29:
27:Emergency telephone number
2761:
2615:
2597:
2541:
2493:
2409:
2265:
1912:"9-1-1 Wireless Services"
560:Global Positioning System
342:City of Chicago, Illinois
236:Alabama Telephone Company
218:used outside Davao City.
2173:"NENA 9-1-1 Resource DB"
1766:"Range of 911 User Fees"
765:Telecommunication portal
206:In the Philippines, the
55:, 9-1-1 Dispatch Center.
2701: (Colombia, Egypt)
1963:Montgomery Township, PA
1944:Asheville Citizen-Times
1197:Winnipeg Police Service
869:Friendly caller program
615:computer-aided dispatch
609:Computer-aided dispatch
603:Computer-aided dispatch
598:The enhanced 911 System
63:Global applications of
1754:on September 14, 2012.
826:9-1-1 Tapping Protocol
817:, non-emergency number
713:Texas Attorney General
599:
403:British Virgin Islands
118:the Dominican Republic
92:
56:
38:. For other uses, see
2773:Telephones portal
2723:(Iraq, North America
2551:Telephones portal
1370:on September 23, 2018
1344:May 20, 2021, at the
1255:May 20, 2021, at the
986:on September 28, 2015
879:Next Generation 9-1-1
597:
369:Northwest Territories
168:(NANP), one of eight
132:(in September 2024),
62:
50:
1670:on February 15, 2018
1524:on February 16, 2018
1468:on November 17, 2015
1435:on November 17, 2015
1402:on November 17, 2015
1012:. MB. Archived from
874:In Case of Emergency
732:Mississauga, Ontario
654:Phase II information
613:911 dispatchers use
450:improve this article
197:emergency responders
98:, sometimes written
40:911 (disambiguation)
2602:Emergency telephone
1836:on October 20, 2014
1778:on January 30, 2017
1229:on November 5, 2012
1077:on January 14, 2009
854:Emergency telephone
647:Inactive telephones
630:Telephone companies
338:Huntington, Indiana
333:, as the location.
331:Haleyville, Alabama
251:U.S. Representative
240:Haleyville, Alabama
2179:on October 8, 2009
2149:. April 30, 2008.
1888:. April 23, 2007.
1636:. August 8, 2016.
1550:The Globe and Mail
1488:"9-1-1 Statistics"
1276:. March 21, 2020.
1101:Iredell County, NC
1097:"History of 9-1-1"
693:Internet telephony
682:was first used in
600:
380:State of Tennessee
373:official languages
284:The New York Times
93:
57:
53:Jackson, Tennessee
2823:
2822:
2815:Wikimedia Commons
2634: (Australia)
2622: (Australia)
2557:
2556:
2453:
2452:
2085:(Press release).
2063:on March 17, 2005
1634:The Yucatan Times
1364:Dispatch Magazine
1293:"Adoption Of 911"
1191:Templeman, Jack.
1016:on August 3, 2016
779:Telephones portal
526:
525:
518:
500:
164:, as well as the
84: 112 and 911
32:911 (Philippines)
16:(Redirected from
2868:
2813:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2754: (Pakistan)
2748:
2740:
2732:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2680:
2672:
2671:mobile networks)
2660:
2652:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2260:around the world
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2175:. Archived from
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2093:on April 6, 2009
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2059:. Archived from
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1994:Associated Press
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1918:. May 26, 2011.
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1832:. Archived from
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1771:. Archived from
1770:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1722:on June 16, 2013
1718:. Archived from
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1464:. Archived from
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1431:. Archived from
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1360:"History of 911"
1355:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1320:The Vintage News
1311:
1305:
1304:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1168:. Archived from
1156:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
982:. Archived from
972:
961:
960:
958:
956:
937:
928:
927:
925:
923:
904:
809:
804:
803:
802:
795:
790:
789:
781:
776:
775:
774:
767:
762:
761:
760:
724:Calgary, Alberta
711:was sued by the
590:
585:
578:and residential
572:
556:cellular network
548:mobile telephone
534:
521:
514:
510:
507:
501:
499:
458:
434:
426:
324:
318:
249:and answered by
191:office—called a
103:
89:
83:
77:
71:
21:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2779:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2757:
2743:
2735:
2719:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2675:
2663:
2655:
2651:, Japan, China)
2643:
2611:
2593:
2588:
2558:
2553:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2489:
2484:
2454:
2449:
2405:
2261:
2255:
2211:
2197:
2195:Further reading
2192:
2182:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2031:CBS Interactive
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1768:
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1763:
1759:
1751:
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1740:
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1735:
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1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
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1673:
1671:
1658:
1657:
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1643:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1576:Cohen, Sidney.
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1461:Chicago Tribune
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1428:Chicago Tribune
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1395:Chicago Tribune
1388:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1356:
1352:
1346:Wayback Machine
1335:
1331:
1312:
1308:
1289:
1285:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1257:Wayback Machine
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1172:on May 15, 2018
1158:
1157:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1103:. March 1, 1968
1095:
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1090:
1080:
1078:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1010:Manila Bulletin
1004:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
976:"9-1-1 Service"
974:
973:
964:
954:
952:
939:
938:
931:
921:
919:
906:
905:
901:
897:
807:Medicine portal
805:
800:
798:
791:
784:
777:
772:
770:
763:
758:
756:
753:
740:
726:, died after a
701:
695:
662:
649:
644:
626:
611:
605:
588:
583:
570:
569:In response to
532:
522:
511:
505:
502:
459:
457:
447:
435:
424:
418:
401:, Bermuda, the
320:
314:
258:London, Ontario
228:
99:
91:
87:
85:
81:
79:
75:
73:
69:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
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2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2797:
2787:
2775:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2717:
2716: (Brazil)
2711:
2703:
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2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2215:9-1-1 Services
2210:
2209:External links
2207:
2206:
2205:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2164:
2134:
2104:
2074:
2057:"911VoIp FAQs"
2048:
2011:
1980:
1950:
1933:
1903:
1873:
1847:
1821:
1789:
1757:
1733:
1707:
1681:
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1509:
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1338:Kitty Genovese
1329:
1306:
1283:
1274:Inside Edition
1261:
1240:
1214:
1183:
1144:
1123:"SPVM History"
1114:
1088:
1058:
1043:(in Spanish).
1027:
997:
962:
929:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
886:
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876:
871:
866:
864:Enhanced 9-1-1
861:
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833:
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697:Main article:
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607:Main article:
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558:, or to use a
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420:Main article:
417:
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407:Cayman Islands
298:then met with
280:Kitty Genovese
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26:
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6:
4:
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2726:
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2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2686: (China)
2685:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2659:(New Zealand)
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2640: (India)
2639:
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2630:
2628: (India)
2627:
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2445:United States
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2199:
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2174:
2168:
2157:September 13,
2152:
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2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2097:September 13,
2092:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2015:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1947:. p. A1.
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1361:
1358:Allen, Gary.
1354:
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1310:
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1007:
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985:
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946:
942:
936:
934:
917:
913:
909:
903:
899:
890:
889:Text-to-9-1-1
887:
885:
884:Reverse 9-1-1
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
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852:
850:
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718:
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699:Voice over IP
690:
687:
685:
681:
676:
673:
672:
667:
666:triangulation
657:
655:
639:
636:
633:
631:
621:
618:
616:
610:
596:
592:
591:regulations.
581:
577:
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565:
561:
557:
553:
552:radiolocation
549:
544:
540:
538:
530:
520:
517:
509:
506:February 2018
498:
495:
491:
488:
484:
481:
477:
474:
470:
467: –
466:
462:
461:Find sources:
455:
451:
445:
444:
439:This section
437:
433:
428:
427:
423:
413:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
376:
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370:
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361:
358:
355:
351:
350:Illinois Bell
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
323:
317:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
290:In 1967, the
288:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
252:
248:
245:
242:, in 1968 by
241:
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213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
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159:
158:United States
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143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
97:
66:
61:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2795:List article
2725:E-911 system
2720:
2532:
2381:South Africa
2201:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:the original
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2116:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2091:the original
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:the original
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2024:
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1962:
1953:
1942:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1886:Deseret News
1885:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:the original
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1760:
1749:the original
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:the original
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1684:
1674:February 14,
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1663:
1654:
1644:February 14,
1642:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1614:February 17,
1612:. Retrieved
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1571:
1561:November 20,
1559:. Retrieved
1548:
1538:
1528:December 31,
1526:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1482:
1472:November 15,
1470:. Retrieved
1466:the original
1459:
1449:
1439:November 15,
1437:. Retrieved
1433:the original
1426:
1416:
1406:November 15,
1404:. Retrieved
1400:the original
1393:
1384:
1374:February 14,
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1363:
1353:
1332:
1319:
1309:
1297:IAED Journal
1296:
1286:
1273:
1264:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:the original
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1196:
1186:
1176:February 14,
1174:. Retrieved
1170:the original
1163:
1135:. Retrieved
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1100:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:the original
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1040:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
1009:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
984:the original
979:
953:. Retrieved
944:
920:. Retrieved
911:
902:
835:
745:
741:
721:
706:
702:
688:
677:
669:
663:
650:
637:
634:
627:
619:
612:
568:
546:To locate a
545:
541:
529:Enhanced 911
527:
512:
503:
493:
486:
479:
472:
460:
448:Please help
443:verification
440:
422:Enhanced 911
416:Enhanced 911
411:
388:
377:
362:
359:
335:
306:
304:
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277:
273:Stephen Juba
262:
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220:
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205:
201:enhanced 911
184:
181:Sint Maarten
178:
154:Sint Maarten
100:
95:
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44:
2729:Philippines
2346:New Zealand
2341:Netherlands
2183:November 6,
2067:November 3,
2041:October 23,
2004:December 4,
1896:January 11,
1866:October 16,
1840:October 16,
1803:. Fcc.gov.
1782:November 3,
1726:October 16,
1700:October 16,
1233:October 16,
1207:October 16,
1137:December 1,
1081:October 16,
1051:October 14,
955:January 30,
945:www.fcc.gov
680:Text-to-911
660:Cell phones
384:Text-to-911
354:Cook County
327:Bell System
311:rotary dial
247:Rankin Fite
174:prank calls
150:Philippines
2830:Categories
2413:by country
2411:Paramedics
2269:by country
1588:August 22,
990:October 9,
895:References
793:Law portal
537:dispatcher
476:newspapers
405:, and the
254:Tom Bevill
212:Davao City
2836:N11 codes
2487:N11 codes
2420:Australia
2386:Sri Lanka
2356:Palestine
2316:Hong Kong
2281:Australia
2127:April 29,
1502:March 26,
912:The Verge
837:Dial 1119
671:USA Today
554:from the
409:use 911.
395:Caribbean
170:N11 codes
110:Argentina
78: 911
72: 112
2805:Category
2366:Portugal
2151:Archived
2147:CBC News
2121:Archived
2035:Archived
2026:CBS News
1998:Archived
1973:June 27,
1967:Archived
1926:April 1,
1920:Archived
1890:Archived
1860:Archived
1805:Archived
1694:Archived
1664:La RazĂłn
1638:Archived
1608:Archived
1582:Archived
1555:Archived
1496:Archived
1342:Archived
1324:Archived
1301:Archived
1278:Archived
1253:Archived
1201:Archived
1131:Archived
1107:July 15,
1045:Archived
1020:July 31,
949:Archived
922:July 26,
916:Archived
831:N11 code
751:See also
642:Problems
399:Anguilla
300:AT&T
269:Winnipeg
189:dispatch
138:Pakistan
104:, is an
2435:Ireland
2430:Germany
2391:Ukraine
2326:Ireland
2321:Iceland
2311:Germany
2301:Finland
2286:Belgium
2276:Austria
2221:911.gov
1814:July 8,
1580:. CBC.
1041:Ven 911
728:Toronto
624:Funding
490:scholar
393:in the
365:Nunavut
226:History
162:Uruguay
2425:Canada
2371:Russia
2361:Poland
2351:Norway
2331:Israel
2306:France
2296:Canada
2291:Brazil
1071:BT plc
709:Vonage
576:IP PBX
492:
485:
478:
471:
463:
160:, and
156:, the
148:, the
146:Panama
134:Mexico
126:Jordan
114:Canada
88:
82:
76:
70:
2376:Spain
2336:Italy
1808:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1776:(PDF)
1769:(PDF)
1752:(PDF)
1745:(PDF)
844:eCall
821:4-1-1
815:3-1-1
589:E-911
584:E-911
571:E-911
533:E-911
497:JSTOR
483:books
389:Most
322:6-1-1
316:4-1-1
142:Palau
101:9-1-1
18:9-1-1
2752:1122
2649:Iran
2185:2009
2159:2009
2129:2017
2099:2009
2069:2008
2043:2019
2006:2018
1975:2023
1928:2015
1898:2012
1868:2008
1842:2008
1816:2012
1784:2008
1728:2008
1702:2008
1676:2018
1646:2018
1616:2013
1590:2021
1563:2009
1530:2017
1504:2022
1474:2015
1441:2015
1408:2015
1376:2018
1235:2008
1209:2008
1178:2018
1139:2019
1109:2024
1083:2008
1053:2023
1022:2016
992:2015
957:2024
924:2018
684:Iowa
668:. A
469:news
319:and
130:Iraq
122:Fiji
108:for
2745:999
2737:988
2721:911
2714:190
2707:128
2699:123
2691:122
2684:120
2677:119
2669:GSM
2665:112
2657:111
2645:110
2638:108
2632:106
2626:102
2620:000
2533:911
2528:811
2523:711
2518:611
2513:511
2508:411
2503:311
2498:211
452:by
307:911
232:999
216:117
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185:911
128:,
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