1232:
1246:
745:, including over 2,700 emails of 50 Cent Party Internet commentators. For instance, on 16 January 2014, Shi Wenqing, secretary of the Ganzhou branch of the CCP, held a televised "Internet exchange" in which he answered questions from a local news website forum; 50 Cent Party commentators were instructed to post seven discussion points, such as (translated) "I really admire Party Secretary Shi, what a capable and effective Party Secretary! I hope he can be the father of Ganzhou for years to come."
560:
directives and rarely defend their government from criticism or engage in direct arguments because "... the goal of this massive secretive operation is instead to distract the public and change the subject." Around 80 percent of the analyzed posts involve pro-China inspirational slogans, and 13 percent involve general praise and suggestions on governmental policies. To maximize their influence, such pro-government comments are made largely during times of intense online debate, and when
1146:, Chinese cyberspace is also noted for its ideological contests between "rightists" – reformists who advocate Western-style democratic reforms, versus "leftists" – conservatives and neo-Confucianists who advocate Chinese nationalism and restructured socialism. In this backdrop, rightists sometimes refer to leftists derogatorily as "50 Centers", regardless of their actual employment background.
598:, was forced to close. As a new system was prepared to be launched, school officials hired students as part-time web commentators, paid from the university's work-study funds, to search the forum for undesirable information and actively counter it with Party-friendly viewpoints. In the following months, party leaders from
564:
have a possibility of transforming into real life actions. Despite the common allegation of the commentators getting paid for their posts, the paper suggested there was "no evidence" that they are paid anything for their posts, instead being required to do so as a part of their official party duties.
757:
now holds regular training sessions, where participants are required to pass an exam after which they are issued a job certification. As of 2008, the total number of 50-cent operatives was estimated to be in the tens of thousands, and possibly as high as 280,000–300,000. Every large
Chinese website
833:
In order to circumscribe the influence of
Taiwanese democracy, in order to progress further in the work of guiding public opinion, and in accordance with the requirements established by higher authorities to "be strategic, be skilled," we hope that internet commentators conscientiously study the
1189:, argued that the narrative where a large army of paid Internet commentators are behind China's poor public dialogue with its critics is "Orwellian, yet strangely comforting". Rather, many of the Chinese netizens spreading nationalist sentiment online are not paid, but often mean what they say.
655:
established a mechanism to analyze public opinion after criticism of the police handling of a traffic incident appeared on the
Internet. The Bureau responded with 120 staff calling for the truth to be revealed in line with the public opinion, which gradually shifted and eventually supported the
559:
estimate that the
Chinese government fabricates 488 million social media posts per year, representing about 0.6 percent of the 80 billion posts generated on Chinese social media. In contrast to common assumptions, the 50 Cent Party consists mostly of paid bureaucrats who respond to government
606:
employed undergraduates to monitor for signs of dissent and post on university forums. These commentators not only operate within political discussions, but also in general discussions. Afterwards, some schools and local governments also started to build similar teams.
778:) to respond to online emergencies under new forms of public opinion dissemination channels on various social media platforms, and state-owned entities regularly hold commemoration ceremonies for outstanding staff on the provincial and county-levels.
1179:
stated that some comments she received on one of her posts were from the 50 Cent Party; she also stated that the 50 Cent Party monitors popular US websites, news sites and blogs and posts comments that advance
Chinese governmental interests.
789:
or student cadres at the local CCP Publicity
Department of universities, Youth League, Office of Academic Affairs, Network Center, Admissions Employment Department, Political Theory Department, Teaching Department and other units.
2311:[Shandong University of Finance and Economics held a Public Opinion Response and Handling Presentation, an award ceremony for outstanding websites, and a Core Online Commentators Appointment Ceremony.].
2021:
2009年，市级机关网评员在市网宣办的业务指导下，先后参与了莲花河畔景苑倒楼事件、强制安装"绿坝"网络屏蔽软件、普陀区城管打人事件、甲型 H1N1 流感防控、"倒钩"执法事件、闵行区潘蓉自焚事件、地铁事故频发等以涉沪舆情为重点的网上舆论引导工作，在人民网、新华网、东方网及新浪、天涯社区等国内重点网站、主要商业网站、大型网络社区。发帖、跟帖、转帖200余篇，东方网评论频道录用各类网评文章20余篇，工作得到市网宣办的肯定。
498:
that serve the government's interests and insulting or spreading misinformation about political opponents of the
Chinese government, both domestic and abroad. Some of these commentators have labeled themselves
1396:"The new "civil service" trolls who aim to distract: The government in China is using its civil servants to act as internet trolls. It's a hard management task generating 450 million social media posts a year"
1677:
1644:
2609:
2727:
618:. Large Chinese websites and local governments have been requested to publish the sayings of Hu, and select "comrades with good political quality" to form "teams of Internet commentators" by the
2481:
2650:
1958:
834:
mindset of netizens, grasp international developments, and better perform the work of being an internet commentator. For this purpose, this notice is promulgated as set forth below:
3991:
3911:
2110:
2399:"为认真贯彻落实《中共中央、国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》（中发〔2004〕16号）和《教育部、共青团中央关于进一步加强高等学校校园网络管理工作的意见》(教社政〔2004〕17号)精神，牢牢把握网上舆论主导权，为我省高等教育改革发展稳定提供良好的舆论环境，努力构建社会主义和谐校园，现就加强高校网络评论员队伍建设提出以下意见。"
1216:
Facebook and
Twitter have been removing accounts and pages that are of "coordinated state-backed operation". In June 2020, Twitter has removed 170,000 accounts which targeted
1507:
807:
in April 2005. According to high-profile independent
Chinese blogger Li Ming, the pro-Chinese government web commentators must number "at least in the tens of thousands".
2004:
2860:
4016:
2044:
1667:
3852:
3847:
3842:
1634:
2763:
3535:
574:
3308:
2719:
1173:
as "a new pattern of public-opinion guidance"; they represent a shift from simply erasing dissenting opinions to guiding dialogue. In 2010, a contributor to
4297:
4177:
709:
580:
2184:
1530:
673:'s official website published a summary, saying that there were more than 200 topics by Shanghai Municipal Authorities' Internet commentators posted at
3859:
2686:
2562:
2491:
2077:
666:
later reported that "the major task of the propaganda group was to organize commentators to past posts on websites to guide online public opinions."
614:
demanded a "reinforcement of ideological and public opinion front construction and positive publicity" at the 38th collective learning session of the
3832:
3384:
2640:
3727:
619:
1740:
801:
hired 650 commentators, sorted by their writing abilities. Suqian
Municipal Publicity Department's first 26 commentators' team were reported by
2617:
1896:
1874:
2429:
2409:
1955:
4267:
4040:
3996:
3802:
3477:
2378:
4023:
1700:
1573:
4065:
4006:
2253:
786:
602:
began hiring their own teams. By mid-2007, web commentator teams recruited by schools, and party organizations were common across China.
3820:
3712:
3379:
2143:
3352:
2795:
2100:
1924:
841:(2) Do not directly confront democracy; rather, frame the argument in terms of "what kind of system can truly implement democracy.”
2933:
615:
2373:[Twenty key online commentators from across the country praised Xiaochang County's achievements over the past 30 years.].
865:(6) Increase the exposure that positive developments inside China receive; further accommodate the work of maintaining stability.
4033:
3864:
3827:
3425:
2220:
1497:
1606:
3782:
3435:
2589:
1983:
4262:
3716:
2008:
550:), claiming they are not paid by authorities and express their support for the Chinese government out of their own volition.
2459:
1818:
4292:
2850:
2523:
2887:
2828:
2209:[Strengthening the online commentary team, Boxiang County conducts training activities for online commentators.].
2034:
3986:
3389:
3196:
1701:"关于南昌、长沙、郑州宣传文化工作的考察报告 (An Investigative Report Regarding Cultural Propaganda Work in Nanchang, Changsha, and Zhengzhou)"
1285:
629:
464:
1846:
829:, a leaked propaganda directive, sent to 50 Cent Party Internet commentators, stated their objective was the following:
3892:
3457:
2348:
2285:
2216:
1316:
759:
737:
In December 2014, a Chinese blogger hacked into and published email archives for the Internet Propaganda Department of
594:
enacted a systematic censorship of Chinese college bulletin board systems (BBS). The popular "Little Lily" BBS, run by
2753:
3674:
3287:
2316:
1448:
555:
4227:
3572:
1217:
641:
Negative reporting of local authorities has increased on the Internet since then. In one instance described on the
4257:
4045:
3374:
3342:
1161:" ("50 Cent Party" in Chinese) on a search engine produces results, most were inaccessible and had been deleted.
670:
1712:
875:
There is an alternate official term for the Internet commentator, as well as several unofficial terms coined by
4287:
4277:
4055:
4028:
3965:
3484:
713:
652:
587:
started hiring Internet commentators, in one of the earliest known uses of professional Internet commentators.
491:
475:(CCP). The program was created during the early phases of the Internet's rollout to the wider public in China.
297:
177:
47:
4162:
3906:
3787:
3593:
2166:
1540:
591:
508:
283:
163:
33:
2696:
4282:
4060:
3815:
3722:
3094:
2926:
2552:
2067:
1265:
862:(5) Use the bloody and tear-stained history of a weak people to stir up pro-Party and patriotic emotions.
1748:
1444:"How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts for Strategic Distraction, Not Engaged Argument"
4172:
4167:
3617:
3404:
3399:
3104:
3009:
1744:
794:
754:
4272:
4182:
3612:
3055:
2968:
2790:
2005:"市级机关团工委2009年度工作总结 (2009 summary of works of the Municipal Authorities Youth League Working Committee)"
603:
4099:
4075:
3139:
1531:"Chinese trolls write 488 million fake social media posts a year and don't even earn 50 cents for it"
848:
of violence and unreasonable circumstances to explain how democracy is not well-suited to capitalism.
1902:
1868:
4187:
4001:
3869:
2998:
2433:
2415:
838:(1) To the extent possible make America the target of criticism. Play down the existence of Taiwan.
706:
2370:
4113:
4070:
3952:
3942:
3430:
3294:
3233:
3035:
2919:
2720:"Propaganda leaders scurry off to carry out the "spirit" of Hu Jintao's "important" media speech"
852:
719:
472:
2341:[Zadoi County held a training session for key online commentators and correspondents.].
2278:["Protecting Yangzhou Through Wind and Rain" Anti-Epidemic Special Publicity Campaign].
1777:
3810:
3772:
3737:
3462:
3203:
3119:
1704:
1563:
1205:
758:
is instructed by the Information Office to create a trained team of Internet commentators. The
702:
2243:
4155:
3960:
3749:
3545:
3467:
3452:
3347:
3279:
3271:
3208:
3164:
3134:
3099:
3025:
2486:
2343:
2211:
1169:
The 50 Cent Party's activities were described by CCP general secretary and Chinese president
2133:
2007:(in Chinese). Shanghai Communist Youth League official site. 20 January 2010. Archived from
3874:
3442:
2280:
2105:
803:
657:
2785:
2586:
1930:
513:
8:
4202:
3937:
3767:
3555:
3472:
3409:
3159:
2905:
2557:
2072:
2039:
1400:
1270:
1175:
643:
1564:"China Banned The Term '50 Cents' To Stop Discussion Of An Orwellian Propaganda Program"
783:
Chinese Communists' opinions of the recruitment of university Work Committee (tentative)
3643:
3633:
3447:
3301:
3174:
3149:
2988:
2900:
1782:
1475:
1122:
811:
738:
680:
595:
2671:"China hires, trains 'online commentators' to influence public opinion – daily".
2206:
4080:
3762:
3243:
3223:
3191:
3072:
3050:
3005:
2973:
2338:
2248:
2176:
1787:
1596:
1467:
1419:
1376:
1335:
856:
845:
675:
561:
2911:
1479:
1245:
859:
is actually an invasion of other countries and is forcibly pushing Western values.
3362:
3337:
3186:
3154:
3079:
2246:[Implementing Real-Name Registration Starting with Internet Commentators].
1980:
1773:
1568:
1457:
1409:
1366:
1325:
1197:
771:
763:
483:
446:
422:
320:
200:
78:
3970:
3757:
3521:
3357:
3169:
2758:
2691:
2593:
2513:
2455:
2138:
1987:
1962:
1812:
1716:
1251:
725:
698:
660:, Internet forums were filled with posts critical of the local authorities; the
4050:
3932:
3560:
3213:
2993:
2983:
2946:
2942:
2892:
2818:
2632:
2101:"Hacked emails reveal China's elaborate and absurd internet propaganda machine"
1639:
1330:
1311:
1259:
1185:
662:
355:
235:
113:
1462:
1443:
1273:, private astroturfing from paid Chinese writers paralleling the 50 Cent Party
770:) directly recruit and provide continuous training for internet commentators (
4251:
4192:
4150:
3144:
3084:
2180:
1840:
1791:
1668:"Red astroturf: Chinese government makes millions of fake social media posts"
1502:
1471:
1423:
1414:
1395:
1380:
1371:
1354:
1339:
1193:
2275:
3792:
3686:
3578:
3238:
2171:
1672:
1237:
815:
487:
327:
207:
85:
2851:"Disclosing networks of state-linked information operations we've removed"
2308:
4085:
3565:
3550:
3394:
3109:
3060:
3030:
1635:"Meet the Chinese Trolls Pumping Out 488 Million Fake Social Media Posts"
1535:
1276:
1151:
694:
656:
police position, denouncing the original poster. In the aftermath of the
1359:
Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media
1355:"Penny for Your Thoughts: Searching for the 50 Cent Party on Sina Weibo"
4212:
3662:
3638:
3369:
3228:
3218:
3181:
3114:
3089:
2548:
1991:
1956:
Chinese Bloggers on the History and Influence of the “Fifty Cent Party”
822:
478:
The name is derived from claims such commentators were reportedly paid
3698:
1080:
1066:
4207:
4197:
3916:
3607:
3129:
3045:
3020:
3015:
1709:
1493:
1170:
1044:
611:
495:
371:
251:
129:
4232:
4222:
4118:
3947:
2823:
2518:
1601:
690:
584:
479:
460:
378:
341:
258:
221:
136:
99:
734:), etc. It was praised by the Shanghai Internet Publicity Office.
3912:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
3777:
3648:
3067:
3040:
2978:
2855:
2645:
2414:(in Chinese). Huai'an Intermediate People's Court. Archived from
1280:
1127:
The Chinese translation for these English terms are rarely used.
876:
742:
648:
599:
1442:
King, Gary; Pan, Jennifer; Roberts, Margaret E. (27 July 2017).
1312:"Manufacturing Consent in Cyberspace: China's "Fifty-Cent Army""
785:, the university Internet commentators are mainly selected from
4217:
4011:
2514:"China 'flooding' social media with fake posts (20 May 2016)"
1698:
1597:"China: The patriotic 'ziganwu' bloggers who attack the West"
1353:
Yang, Xiaofeng; Yang, Qian; Wilson, Christo (3 August 2021).
798:
468:
437:
431:
2307:
Zhang, Mingming; Zheng, Xianghua; Su, Wenna (23 June 2024).
3124:
1778:"As Chinese Students Go Online, Little Sister Is Watching"
383:
263:
141:
2587:
http://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/2011/06/网评员《上级通知》/
851:(4) Use America's and other countries' interference in
844:(3) To the extent possible, choose various examples in
814:
study estimated that the group posts about 488 million
2665:
2035:"Thousands of Local Internet Propaganda Emails Leaked"
1873:(in Chinese). Sichuan Provincial People's Government.
1262:, a Chinese system to censor and regulate the Internet
1139:) was the most common and pejorative unofficial term.
575:
Chinese information operations and information warfare
3309:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
2941:
2582:
2580:
2543:
2541:
1072:
1058:
540:
524:
501:
428:
413:
360:
346:
332:
240:
226:
212:
118:
104:
90:
4178:
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
3506:
1227:
16:
Internet commentators paid by the Chinese government
2888:"How to Spot a State-Funded Chinese Internet Troll"
2482:"China's web spin doctors spread Beijing's message"
434:
425:
3281:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
2786:"What's a WUMAO anyway? (mentioned at 1:28, 2:57)"
2754:"China's Fifty Cent Party for Internet Propaganda"
2577:
2553:"Leaked Propaganda Directives and Banned "Future""
2538:
3833:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
3385:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
1692:
4249:
3728:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
2610:"How China's '50 Cent Army' Could Wreck Web 2.0"
1861:
797:, Huai'an organized a team of 12 commentators.
482:0.50 for every post. These commentators create
2819:"Twitter and Facebook block HK misinformation"
2393:
1441:
1352:
4041:Election denial movement in the United States
2927:
2641:"China's plan to use internet for propaganda"
1699:Publicity Department of Hefei (24 May 2006).
1498:"China's Paid Trolls: Meet the 50-Cent Party"
1156:
1134:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1078:
1064:
1025:
1019:
995:
989:
983:
960:
954:
941:
935:
921:
915:
729:
717:
684:
633:
623:
518:
302:
288:
182:
168:
52:
38:
2306:
2068:"Zhanggong Leaks: History is the Best Judge"
1845:(in Chinese). Government of Golog, Qinghai.
697:after many incidents in 2009, including the
553:Authors of a paper published in 2017 in the
4298:Organization of the Chinese Communist Party
3261:
2032:
1528:
1437:
1435:
1433:
892:
530:
454:
3713:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
2934:
2920:
1305:
1303:
1301:
888:
471:to spread the propaganda of the governing
2885:
2717:
1889:
1738:
1665:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1461:
1413:
1393:
1370:
1329:
1208:; she attributed some of this to racism.
1011:The most common name, used pejoratively.
494:which are critical of the CCP, promoting
4066:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
1975:
1973:
1971:
1561:
1430:
1005:Five-dime Party, or simply "five dimes"
616:Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
3865:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
2747:
2745:
2678:
2638:
2432:. Sina. 20 January 2010. Archived from
2131:
2065:
1981:China's Internet awash with state spies
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1632:
1562:Sterbenz, Christina (17 October 2014).
1394:Steinfeld, Jemimah (17 December 2018).
1298:
1164:
4250:
3992:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
3783:Soviet influence on the peace movement
3380:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
2684:
2402:
2164:
2098:
1950:
1948:
1917:
1833:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1621:
1492:
4139:
3717:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
3505:
3418:
3326:
3260:
2957:
2915:
2901:Articles related to the 50 Cent Party
2831:from the original on 26 November 2020
2798:from the original on 27 February 2020
2607:
2601:
2547:
2241:
2146:from the original on 15 February 2009
2132:Bristow, Michael (16 December 2008).
2033:Henochowicz, Anne (4 December 2014).
1968:
1680:from the original on 7 September 2017
1155:reported that although a search for "
821:According to an article published by
748:
701:incident, the forced installation of
4268:Internet manipulation and propaganda
2751:
2742:
2616:. JupiterOnlineMedia. Archived from
2462:from the original on 2 February 2016
2422:
2309:"山东财经大学举办舆情应对处置报告会暨优秀网站颁奖、核心网评员聘任仪式"
2187:from the original on 28 January 2017
2125:
1929:(in Chinese). dwnews. Archived from
1901:(in Chinese). xinhua. Archived from
1821:from the original on 2 February 2016
1805:
1721:
1594:
1133:Among those names, "50 Cent Party" (
716:, the Shanghai entrapment incident (
3987:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
3197:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
2816:
2711:
2685:Podger, Corrinne (21 August 2008).
2653:from the original on 18 August 2010
2165:Fareed, Malik (21 September 2008).
2099:Sonnad, Nikhil (18 December 2014).
2080:from the original on 2 January 2015
2047:from the original on 2 January 2015
1997:
1945:
1763:
1741:"China's Guerrilla War for the Web"
1309:
1286:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
1211:
1204:than other groups of people in the
630:General Office of the State Council
610:On 23 January 2007, Chinese leader
13:
3458:Misinformation related to abortion
2879:
2687:"China marshalls army of bloggers"
2448:
2381:from the original on 7 August 2024
2349:Cyberspace Administration of China
2288:from the original on 7 August 2024
2256:from the original on 6 August 2024
2223:from the original on 7 August 2024
2217:Cyberspace Administration of China
2158:
2066:Rudolph, Josh (10 December 2014).
1965:. China Digital Times. 15 May 2008
1877:from the original on 16 March 2016
1609:from the original on 7 August 2024
1317:Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
970:Internet examiner and commentator
760:Cyberspace Administration of China
14:
4309:
3675:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
3288:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
2863:from the original on 11 June 2020
2766:from the original on 7 April 2011
2730:from the original on 26 June 2024
2718:Bandurski, David (25 June 2008).
2565:from the original on 14 July 2011
2319:from the original on 24 June 2024
2134:"China's internet 'spin doctors'"
2113:from the original on 15 June 2024
1647:from the original on 7 March 2017
1633:Wertime, David (15 August 2024).
1510:from the original on 22 June 2024
1449:American Political Science Review
718:
685:
634:
624:
556:American Political Science Review
519:
4228:United States Information Agency
3507:Operations and events by country
2526:from the original on 22 May 2016
2351:, Zadoi County. 14 November 2019
2219:, Boxiang County. 27 July 2023.
1849:from the original on 7 July 2011
1666:Gallagher, Sean (13 June 2016).
1576:from the original on 20 May 2024
1244:
1230:
421:
3828:Information war against Ukraine
3375:International Jewish conspiracy
3343:Congo Free State propaganda war
2896:. Translated by Wertime, David.
2843:
2810:
2778:
2506:
2474:
2363:
2331:
2300:
2268:
2235:
2199:
2092:
2059:
2026:
1659:
1595:Wong, Tessa (20 October 2021).
545:who bring their own dry rations
486:or articles on popular Chinese
384:
264:
142:
4140:
4056:Information Operations Roadmap
3966:Psychological Warfare Division
3536:Chinese information operations
3485:Water fluoridation controversy
2752:Usha, Haley (4 October 2010).
2639:Garnaut, John (14 July 2010).
2608:Elgan, Mike (8 January 2009).
1739:Bandurski, David (July 2008).
1588:
1555:
1522:
1486:
1387:
1346:
1157:
1135:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1085:; "personnel, staff member").
1079:
1065:
1053:
1048:
1047:with the Chinese abbreviation
1035:ape that comments on the 'net
1026:
1020:
990:
984:
961:
955:
942:
936:
922:
916:
512:
490:networks that are intended to
361:
347:
333:
303:
289:
241:
227:
213:
183:
169:
119:
105:
91:
53:
39:
1:
4163:Active Measures Working Group
3821:during the Russo-Georgian War
3788:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
2490:. 12 May 2011. Archived from
1291:
1200:are more likely to be called
1008:50 Cent Party, 50 Cent Army.
4263:Internet censorship in China
4046:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
3723:Fake news in the Philippines
3327:
3095:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
2817:Lee, Dave (20 August 2019).
2242:Liang, Fafei (19 May 2010).
1703:(in Chinese). Archived from
1310:Han, Rongbin (1 June 2015).
1266:Internet censorship in China
1218:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
7:
4293:Public relations techniques
4173:Counter Misinformation Team
4168:Counter disinformation unit
3618:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
3105:Forgery as covert operation
1745:Far Eastern Economic Review
1529:Alex Linder (20 May 2016).
1223:
1073:
1059:
579:In October 2004, the local
541:
525:
502:
459:'five dimes'), are
414:
10:
4314:
4183:The Disinformation Project
3613:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
2969:Algorithmic radicalization
2886:Anonymous (17 June 2015).
2791:Public Radio International
1331:10.1177/186810261504400205
1183:David Wertime, writing in
951:Official name (secondary)
604:Shanghai Normal University
572:
568:
469:People's Republic of China
4146:
4135:
4106:
4100:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
4094:
4076:Tobacco industry playbook
4007:CIA Kennedy assassination
3979:
3925:
3899:
3887:
3801:
3748:
3736:
3705:
3693:
3681:
3669:
3657:
3626:
3600:
3588:
3528:
3516:
3512:
3501:
3333:
3322:
3267:
3256:
3140:Manipulation (psychology)
2964:
2958:
2953:
1463:10.1017/S0003055417000144
1120:
1118:hóng mǎjiǎ, hóng wèibīng
996:
934:Abbreviation in Chinese:
933:
930:
775:
767:
730:
712:incident, the control of
581:CCP Propaganda Department
450:
397:
377:
370:
354:
340:
326:
319:
314:
310:
296:
282:
277:
257:
250:
234:
220:
206:
199:
194:
190:
176:
162:
155:
135:
128:
112:
98:
84:
77:
72:
68:
60:
46:
32:
28:
23:
4188:East StratCom Task Force
4002:9/11 conspiracy theories
2999:List of cognitive biases
2410:
2167:"China joins a turf war"
1925:
1897:
1869:
1841:
1813:
1415:10.1177/0306422018819361
1372:10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14649
912:Official name (primary)
870:
526:zì dài gānliáng de wǔmáo
298:Traditional Chinese
178:Traditional Chinese
48:Traditional Chinese
4114:Public opinion brigades
4071:Niger uranium forgeries
4061:Litter boxes in schools
3431:COVID-19 misinformation
3353:Free energy suppression
3262:Books and documentaries
3036:Euphemistic misspeaking
2458:. Sohu. 29 April 2005.
2207:"加强网评队伍建设，柏乡县开展网评员培训活动"
473:Chinese Communist Party
465:paid by the authorities
284:Simplified Chinese
278:Internet commentator(s)
164:Simplified Chinese
34:Simplified Chinese
4258:Chinese Internet slang
3860:2016 Brexit referendum
3209:Scientific fabrication
3120:Historical negationism
2371:"全国20名骨干网评员，点赞孝昌30年成就"
1986:6 January 2010 at the
1279:, Chinese nationalist
1206:English-speaking world
1045:pronounced identically
967:wǎngluò yuè píng yuán
868:
703:Green Dam Youth Escort
671:Communist Youth League
669:In 2010, the Shanghai
653:Public Security Bureau
363:wang-luo ping-lun yüan
348:ㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄩㄢˊ
4288:Propaganda techniques
4278:Political pejoratives
4156:Fact-checking website
3961:Operation Mass Appeal
3943:Clockwork Orange plot
3453:Mental illness denial
3348:Climate change denial
3165:Psychological warfare
3135:Internet manipulation
3100:Firehose of falsehood
3026:Disinformation attack
2592:7 August 2024 at the
2487:Sydney Morning Herald
2430:"甘肅將建650人網絡評論員隊伍引導輿論"
1898:胡锦涛：以创新的精神加强网络文化建设和管理
1071:; "ape; monkey") for
931:Internet commentator
928:wǎngluò pínglùn yuán
901:Literally in English
853:international affairs
831:
620:CCP Central Committee
592:Ministry of Education
463:commentators who are
386:monglok pingleon jyun
3295:Who's Who in the CIA
2494:on 19 September 2011
2284:. 25 November 2021.
2281:Yangtse Evening Post
1961:13 July 2011 at the
1870:巴中市人事局采取四大措施加强网络舆情监控
1817:(in Chinese). sohu.
1715:17 July 2011 at the
1165:Effects and opinions
1149:The Hong Kong-based
1090:Other English terms
1002:wǔmáo dǎng or wǔmáo
904:Commonly in English
804:Yangtse Evening Post
710:Urban Administrative
407:, also known as the
334:wǎngluò pínglùn yuán
4283:Propaganda in China
3997:Conspiracy theories
3938:Double-Cross System
3907:Conspiracy theories
3768:Operation INFEKTION
3556:Internet Water Army
3410:Strategy of tension
3275:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
3160:Post-truth politics
2906:China Digital Times
2724:China Media Project
2558:China Digital Times
2339:"杂多县举办骨干网评员、通讯员培训会"
2073:China Digital Times
2040:China Digital Times
2011:on 22 December 2015
1842:关于进一步加强互联网管理工作的实施意见
1496:(17 October 2012).
1401:Index on Censorship
1271:Internet water army
1176:The Huffington Post
827:China Digital Times
818:comments per year.
755:Ministry of Culture
644:China Digital Times
590:In March 2005, the
3893:HIV/AIDS denialism
3870:Trolls from Olgino
3644:Paid news in India
3634:Fake news in India
3448:HIV/AIDS denialism
3302:Merchants of Doubt
3175:Military deception
3150:Media manipulation
2989:Circular reporting
2699:on 1 December 2008
2620:on 16 January 2009
1783:The New York Times
1751:on 22 January 2009
1192:An analyst at the
749:Range of operation
739:Zhanggong District
681:Xinhua News Agency
596:Nanjing University
492:derail discussions
4273:Internet trolling
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4081:Operation Shocker
3883:
3882:
3763:K-1000 battleship
3594:Operation Neptune
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3318:
3317:
3252:
3251:
3244:Yellow journalism
3192:counterpropaganda
3073:List of fallacies
3006:Conspiracy theory
2974:Alternative facts
2418:on 14 April 2010.
2276:""风雨无阻护扬州"抗疫专题宣传"
2249:China Youth Daily
1905:on 30 August 2010
1774:French, Howard W.
1707:on 12 March 2021.
1131:
1130:
946:(wǎng píng yuán)
857:Western democracy
846:Western countries
781:According to the
658:2008 Weng'an riot
457:
401:
400:
393:
392:
321:Standard Mandarin
273:
272:
201:Standard Mandarin
151:
150:
79:Standard Mandarin
4305:
4137:
4136:
3956:MMR autism fraud
3839:On US elections
3773:Operation Toucan
3746:
3745:
3514:
3513:
3503:
3502:
3468:anti-vaccination
3416:
3415:
3363:Holocaust denial
3338:Bermuda Triangle
3324:
3323:
3258:
3257:
3187:black propaganda
3155:Potemkin village
3080:False accusation
3056:list of websites
2955:
2954:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2897:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2859:. 12 June 2020.
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2794:. January 2020.
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2695:. Archived from
2682:
2676:
2675:. 5 October 2007
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2551:(25 June 2011).
2545:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:. 14 August 2008
1977:
1966:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1747:. Archived from
1736:
1719:
1708:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1630:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1569:Business Insider
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1539:. Archived from
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1465:
1439:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1307:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1212:Counter measures
1160:
1159:
1138:
1137:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1016:Unofficial term
999:
998:
993:
992:
987:
986:
980:Unofficial term
964:
963:
958:
957:
945:
944:
939:
938:
925:
924:
919:
918:
894:
890:
882:
881:
777:
769:
733:
732:
723:
722:
688:
687:
637:
636:
627:
626:
549:
546:
544:
538:
535:
532:
528:
522:
521:
516:
505:
458:
455:
452:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
417:
389:
388:
387:
366:
365:
364:
350:
349:
336:
335:
312:
311:
306:
305:
292:
291:
269:
268:
267:
246:
245:
244:
230:
229:
216:
215:
192:
191:
186:
185:
172:
171:
147:
146:
145:
124:
123:
122:
108:
107:
94:
93:
70:
69:
56:
55:
42:
41:
21:
20:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4237:
4142:
4123:
4102:
4090:
3975:
3971:Zinoviev letter
3921:
3895:
3879:
3803:Post-Soviet era
3797:
3758:Active Measures
3741:
3732:
3701:
3689:
3677:
3665:
3653:
3622:
3596:
3584:
3524:
3522:Jihadunspun.com
3508:
3489:
3414:
3390:New World Order
3358:Genocide denial
3329:
3314:
3263:
3248:
3170:Memetic warfare
2960:
2949:
2940:
2882:
2880:Further reading
2877:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2759:Huffington Post
2750:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2692:Radio Australia
2683:
2679:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2594:Wayback Machine
2585:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2546:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2436:on 21 July 2011
2428:
2427:
2423:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2377:. 21 May 2023.
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2139:BBC News Online
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2031:
2027:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:Wayback Machine
1978:
1969:
1963:Wayback Machine
1953:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1933:on 10 July 2011
1927:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1771:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1722:
1717:Wayback Machine
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1631:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1491:
1487:
1440:
1431:
1392:
1388:
1351:
1347:
1308:
1299:
1294:
1252:Internet portal
1250:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1214:
1196:has noted that
1167:
1057:above, punning
1032:wǎng píng yuán
873:
855:to explain how
825:on his website
795:Qinghe District
751:
726:self-immolation
699:Lotus Riverside
577:
571:
562:online protests
547:
539:
536:
533:
424:
420:
385:
362:
265:
242:
143:
120:
64:five-dime party
61:Literal meaning
17:
12:
11:
5:
4311:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Habbush letter
4048:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:Bell Pottinger
3929:
3927:
3926:United Kingdom
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3590:
3589:Czechoslovakia
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:PLA Unit 61398
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3518:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3436:by governments
3428:
3422:
3420:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3273:Disinformation
3268:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2994:Cognitive bias
2991:
2986:
2984:Cherry picking
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2950:
2947:misinformation
2943:Disinformation
2939:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2898:
2893:Foreign Policy
2881:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2842:
2809:
2777:
2741:
2710:
2677:
2664:
2631:
2600:
2576:
2537:
2505:
2473:
2447:
2421:
2411:清河法院组建互联网网评工作队
2401:
2392:
2362:
2347:(in Chinese).
2330:
2299:
2267:
2252:(in Chinese).
2234:
2215:(in Chinese).
2198:
2157:
2124:
2091:
2058:
2025:
1996:
1967:
1944:
1916:
1888:
1860:
1832:
1804:
1776:(9 May 2006).
1762:
1720:
1691:
1658:
1640:Foreign Policy
1620:
1587:
1554:
1543:on 2 July 2016
1521:
1485:
1456:(3): 484–501.
1429:
1408:(4): 102–104.
1386:
1365:(1): 694–697.
1345:
1324:(2): 105–134.
1296:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1263:
1260:Great Firewall
1256:
1255:
1241:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1198:ethnic Chinese
1186:Foreign Policy
1166:
1163:
1144:Foreign Policy
1129:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1054:wǎng píng yuán
1041:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
981:
977:
976:
971:
968:
965:
952:
948:
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932:
929:
926:
913:
909:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
885:
872:
869:
867:
866:
863:
860:
849:
842:
839:
799:Gansu Province
762:(shortened as
750:
747:
705:software, the
676:People's Daily
663:China Newsweek
570:
567:
399:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
381:
375:
374:
372:Yue: Cantonese
368:
367:
358:
352:
351:
344:
338:
337:
330:
324:
323:
317:
316:
315:Transcriptions
308:
307:
300:
294:
293:
286:
280:
279:
275:
274:
271:
270:
261:
255:
254:
252:Yue: Cantonese
248:
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238:
232:
231:
224:
218:
217:
210:
204:
203:
197:
196:
195:Transcriptions
188:
187:
180:
174:
173:
166:
160:
159:
153:
152:
149:
148:
139:
133:
132:
130:Yue: Cantonese
126:
125:
116:
110:
109:
102:
96:
95:
88:
82:
81:
75:
74:
73:Transcriptions
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
50:
44:
43:
36:
30:
29:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4310:
4299:
4296:
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4274:
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4264:
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4224:
4221:
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4209:
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4193:FactCheck.org
4191:
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4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
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4164:
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4151:Fact-checking
4149:
4148:
4145:
4138:
4134:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
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4000:
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3993:
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3980:United States
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3547:
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3542:
3541:50 Cent Party
3539:
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3156:
3153:
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3146:
3145:Media culture
3143:
3141:
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3085:False dilemma
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2649:. Australia.
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2521:
2520:
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2457:
2456:"宿迁26名网评员今上岗"
2451:
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2431:
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2396:
2380:
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2314:
2313:Dazhong Daily
2310:
2303:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2277:
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2251:
2250:
2245:
2244:"网络实名制从网评员做起"
2238:
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2213:
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2010:
2006:
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1989:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1964:
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1932:
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1920:
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1900:
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1503:New Statesman
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1194:Wilson Center
1190:
1188:
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1142:According to
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1126:
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1046:
1043:A pejorative
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806:
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793:The court of
791:
788:
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765:
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746:
744:
740:
735:
728:of Pan Rong (
727:
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405:50 Cent Party
396:
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24:50 Cent Party
22:
19:
3953:
3888:South Africa
3875:Web brigades
3811:Cyberwarfare
3793:Useful idiot
3742:Soviet Union
3687:Fintas Group
3579:Global Times
3577:
3546:cyberwarfare
3540:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3280:
3272:
3239:Whataboutism
3234:Urban legend
3204:Quote mining
2904:
2891:
2865:. Retrieved
2854:
2845:
2833:. Retrieved
2822:
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2789:
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2757:
2732:. Retrieved
2723:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2697:the original
2690:
2680:
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2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2644:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2618:the original
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2603:
2597:(in Chinese)
2567:. Retrieved
2556:
2528:. Retrieved
2517:
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2496:. Retrieved
2492:the original
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2450:
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2434:the original
2424:
2416:the original
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2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2374:
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2342:
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2312:
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2279:
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2247:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2210:
2201:
2189:. Retrieved
2172:The Guardian
2170:
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2148:. Retrieved
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2094:
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2071:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2038:
2028:
2020:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:the original
1999:
1937:10 September
1935:. Retrieved
1931:the original
1926:特稿：党布阵网络人民战争
1919:
1909:10 September
1907:. Retrieved
1903:the original
1891:
1881:10 September
1879:. Retrieved
1863:
1853:10 September
1851:. Retrieved
1835:
1825:10 September
1823:. Retrieved
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1781:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:the original
1705:the original
1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1673:Ars Technica
1671:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1638:
1611:. Retrieved
1600:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1567:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1534:
1524:
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1488:
1453:
1447:
1405:
1399:
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1358:
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1238:China portal
1215:
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1150:
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816:social media
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668:
661:
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640:
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589:
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554:
552:
517:, short for
500:
488:social media
477:
412:
409:50 Cent Army
408:
404:
402:
328:Hanyu Pinyin
208:Hanyu Pinyin
156:
86:Hanyu Pinyin
18:
4086:Yellow rain
3706:Philippines
3566:Spamouflage
3551:Little Pink
3405:Rothschilds
3395:Red mercury
3110:Gaslighting
3061:Lying press
3031:Doublespeak
2802:14 November
2770:19 February
2673:Apple Daily
2569:28 November
2549:Qiang, Xiao
2498:28 November
2375:Hubei Daily
1979:Zhong, Wu.
1814:宿迁26名网评员今上岗
1613:26 November
1536:Shanghaiist
1277:Little Pink
1152:Apple Daily
683:, Eastday (
121:wu-mao tang
4252:Categories
4213:PolitiFact
4141:Opposition
4017:Sandy Hook
3816:on Estonia
3750:Soviet era
3663:Team Jorge
3639:Godi-media
3400:Reptilians
3370:Illuminati
3229:Truthiness
3219:Social bot
3182:Propaganda
3115:Half-truth
3090:False flag
2703:11 January
2657:17 October
2624:11 January
2614:Datamation
2015:20 January
1992:Asia Times
1755:11 January
1710:Screenshot
1494:Weiwei, Ai
1292:References
1121:red vest,
994:or simply
879:for them:
823:Xiao Qiang
573:See also:
496:narratives
356:Wade–Giles
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4203:Logically
4198:Full Fact
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4029:Fake news
3917:AK Trolls
3608:Funkspiel
3130:Infodemic
3046:Fake news
3021:Denialism
3016:Deception
2344:The Paper
2212:The Paper
2181:0261-3077
1954:Nan, Wu.
1792:0362-4331
1547:27 August
1472:0003-0554
1424:0306-4220
1381:2334-0770
1340:1868-1026
1171:Hu Jintao
1123:red guard
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612:Hu Jintao
266:zi gon ng
214:zì gān wǔ
4233:USAFacts
4223:StopFake
4119:Force 47
4024:COVID-19
3948:Euromyth
3699:Peñabots
3573:COVID-19
3478:COVID-19
3463:Vaccines
3328:Examples
3214:Smearing
2861:Archived
2829:Archived
2824:BBC News
2796:Archived
2764:Archived
2734:8 August
2728:Archived
2651:Archived
2590:Archived
2563:Archived
2524:Archived
2519:BBC News
2460:Archived
2385:7 August
2379:Archived
2355:7 August
2323:7 August
2317:Archived
2292:7 August
2286:Archived
2260:7 August
2254:Archived
2227:7 August
2221:Archived
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2185:Archived
2144:Archived
2117:8 August
2111:Archived
2084:8 August
2078:Archived
2051:8 August
2045:Archived
1984:Archived
1959:Archived
1875:Archived
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1819:Archived
1797:8 August
1713:Archived
1678:Archived
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1645:Archived
1607:Archived
1602:BBC News
1580:8 August
1574:Archived
1514:8 August
1508:Archived
1480:84837873
1281:netizens
1224:See also
877:netizens
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484:comments
461:Internet
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222:Bopomofo
137:Jyutping
100:Bopomofo
4107:Vietnam
3778:Seat 12
3649:OpIndia
3601:Germany
3068:Fallacy
3041:Factoid
2979:Big lie
2867:19 June
2856:Twitter
2835:19 June
2646:The Age
2466:4 March
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2150:30 June
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810:A 2016
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724:), the
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923:網絡評論員
917:网络评论员
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871:Terms
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304:網絡評論員
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3853:2020
3848:2018
3843:2016
3224:Spin
3125:Hoax
3010:list
2945:and
2869:2020
2837:2020
2804:2020
2772:2011
2736:2024
2705:2009
2659:2010
2626:2009
2571:2011
2532:2016
2500:2011
2468:2011
2442:2011
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2294:2024
2262:2024
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2177:ISSN
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1653:2024
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