38th (Welsh) Infantry Division

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Williams was alone they attempted to kill him and re-man their positions. After a brief clash, in which five Germans were bayoneted, the survivors again surrendered to Williams. In silencing the position, he alleviated the danger to his unit and allowed the battalion to resume the advance. The entire 115th Brigade soon rallied, and achieved their initial objective while the 113th were able to gain a foothold near theirs. At 05:00, the 2nd RWF – following a friendly fire incident – assaulted Villers-Outréaux and cleared the village with tank support. At 08:00, the 114th Brigade was committed to the battle as orders to delay the advance arrived late. The troops were held up by undetected barbed wire and heavy German fire until 11:30, when they disengaged and pressed forward exploiting the success of the 115th Brigade. The divisional history commented that the attack "progressed rapidly and resulted in a complete rout of the enemy" and that the brigade was able to achieve its final objective on the

1236:. The gun jammed, and on his own initiative he rushed the German position killing the crew before charging another that resulted in the German crew fleeing. His actions, which earned him the VC, helped the brigade secure its position. The brigade then fought off numerous counter-attacks while the 115th Brigade surrounded and cleared High Wood (near Bazentin le Petit). Divisional casualties amounted to around 800, and at least 100 prisoners were taken along with the capture of 15 machine guns. The next day saw heavy fighting outside Longueval as the 113th and 114th Brigades attempted to advance, but they were halted by determined German resistance and repeated counter-attacks. The following days saw an exchange of artillery fire and further German counter-attacks repulsed. Longueval was seized late on 28 August after a partial German withdrawal. The division continued its advance, overcame German resistance and counter-attacks to capture 763:, commander of the BEF, noted this event in his diary. He wrote: "visited HQ XV Corps and saw General Horne. He was very disappointed with the work of the ... 38th Welsh Div". Haig further commented that Philipps was relieved of his command as the majority of the division had "never entered" the woods despite the "most adequate ... bombard", had suffered "under 150 casualties" during their attack and that: "a few bold men entered the Wood found little opposition". Historian Don Farr wrote that Haig's entries are at odds with the facts and that he relied heavily on what Horne had told him. Farr states that Horne's account to Haig was self-serving, did no justice "to the difficulties confronting the troops on the ground", and did not acknowledge the failure of the bombardment. He also suggests that the sacking of Philipps may have been political, by a distrusting 1046: 1025:

moved forward to reinforce the newly gained position. At 15:10, the German infantry launched a counter-attack. Fighting continued throughout the day, with the forward British battalions forced to pull back beyond the Steenbeck; German attempts to retake further territory were thwarted. During the afternoon, heavy rain began to fall and did so for three days, hindering future operations. The fighting broke the 3rd Guards Division, which the Welsh divisional history notes "had to be withdrawn immediately after the battle". During the day, the division took nearly 700 prisoners. Conan Doyle places the division's losses at 1,300 men. Other than an exchange of artillery fire, no further fighting took place and the division was withdrawn from the line on 6 August.

1209:, established a bridgehead, constructed a bridge and fought off German counter-attacks. The next day, further elements of the brigade crossed, securing a further bridgehead and repulsed more German attacks. The 113th Brigade crossed the river via bridges in Albert and assaulted Unsa Hill 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north-east, taking 194 prisoners, three artillery pieces and seven machine guns. The 115th Brigade crossed the river and cleared several German positions facing them, took at least 30 prisoners and captured 15 machine guns. The rest of the division crossed the following day, either wading or using the new bridges. During the early hours, the 114th Brigade launched an attack on Thiepval ridge while the other two brigades attacked 1861:. These five divisions had a combined total of 17,845 men. Of this number, around 13,000 were available as replacements for the 21st Army Group fighting in France. The remaining 4,800 men were considered ineligible for service abroad at that time for a variety of reasons, including a lack of training, or being medically unfit. Over the next six months, up to 75 per cent of these men would be deployed to reinforce 21st Army Group after the completion of their training and certification of fitness. Specifically, the vast majority of the 1st Brecknockshire Battalion, South Wales Borderers were deployed to Normandy at the end of June as replacements to reinforce 21st Army Group, and by mid-July so had the 2nd Battalion, 1670: 783: 812:

aid the 13th, German troops infiltrated the gap between the two battalions, got behind the 15th Welsh and almost wiped out a company. These troops had to fight their way out, and just seven returned . Despite the losses, the three battalions of the Welsh regiment were able to form a cohesive line defending the edge of the wood and repulsed strong German counter-attacks. The 16th RWF, which had fallen behind the creeping barrage, were met with determined German resistance which repulsed two assaults. The 15th RWF was sent to reinforce and both battalions were then able to push their way into the wood where German resistance, including a machine gun, prevented a further advance.

1012: 349:. The first wave, originally termed the New Expeditionary Force, became the First New Army. Historian Peter Simkins wrote that Kitchener held the Territorial Force in disdain, calling it an ill-trained "Town Clerk's Army", and this was partially why he set up a parallel recruitment system. Simkins noted that it would be a "gross oversimplification to ascribe Kitchener's decision merely to prejudice and ignorance". Had the Territorial Force been used as the basis for expansion it would have been "swamped" and "rendered temporarily incapable of carrying out any function at all", when a "viable home defence force" was needed due to the threat of a German invasion. 39: 1289:

gun. In a third action, White led a small group to overwhelm a German defensive position that was also holding up the advance. He proceeded to organise the defence of the position, and fought off a German counterattack with heavy losses using captured machine guns. Both brigades were able to reach their objectives despite flanking fire, and fought off numerous counter-attacks. Despite this, the Germans were able to cling on to Gouzeaucourt. The battle cleared the German outposts in front of the Hindenburg Line, preparing the way for future operations. On 20 September, the division was pulled off the line for a period of rest.

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113th and 114th Brigades crossed the river, each supported by a tank, while the 115th was held in reserve to deal with German counter-attacks. Despite heavy German resistance and the tanks becoming bogged down in mud, the troops were able to seize the rail line by 02:30. The divisional history commended the 14th Welsh for their efforts during this action, the first to secure a bridgehead and then rolling up the German line to secure the right flank of the attack. Major-General Cubitt described the attack: having "formed up in boggy ground, crossed a difficult river (for the fourth time since 21st August), attacked up a

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committed to the wood. At 16:00, another attack began and met with little resistance. The 10th SWB captured the eastern stretches of the wood and inflicted many casualties on the Germans. The 15th Welsh, along with the 15th and 17th RWF, fought north through the wood and made it to within 40 yards (37 m) of the northern edge when they were thrown back by German fire. A further attack during the evening was called off and the troops were pulled back up to 300 yards (270 m) and ordered to dig in for the night.

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faults of the entire command structure, not just of Philipps, as there was pressure from the top down to get results. Farr wrote that "there is evidence that ... Philipps ... balked at sending waves of men unprotected against machine guns" and Travers wrote that Philipps had shown moral courage in cancelling unprepared attacks and for giving his troops "instructions not to press the attack if machine-gun fire was met". Horne had intended to replace Philipps with Major-General

82: 71: 878:, made things worse by reporting panic among the men and refusals of orders. Price-Davies later wrote: "I may not have given my brigade full credit for what they did", but the damage had been done. The difficulty of wood fighting was not appreciated at the time, and Farr wrote that the reputation of the division suffered due to the repeated interference by Horne in matters best left to the divisional or brigade staff and his "inexperience of battlefield command at this level". 738:, the attack bogged down within 200 yards (180 m) of the wood. Unable to move further, the troops were ordered to dig in to await a renewed British bombardment. At 11:00 the troops tried again but were unable to push further forward. A proposed third attack in the afternoon was called off. The 16th Welsh Battalion historian wrote that "'ut to Ribbons' would be an apt description" as casualties amounted to 276 men. The 10th SWB suffered 180 casualties. 1164:. The German infantry, supported by a large number of machine guns and much artillery support, resisted the attack. Unable to drive the German infantry off all of the high ground, the division gained 250 yards (230 m) on a 1,000-yard (910 m) front, which achieved the objective. The 13th RWF managed to push further ahead and secured a section of high ground overlooking the German lines, fought off several German counter-attacks and took captive 1648:. The plan was for existing units to recruit over their establishments, aided by an increase in pay for Territorials, the removal of restrictions on promotion which had hindered recruiting, the construction of better-quality barracks, and an increase in supper rations. The units would then form second-line divisions from cadres which could be increased. The 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division was created as a Second-Line unit, a duplicate of the First-Line 847: 1089:

the Germans raided the British lines but managed to capture only two men. In addition, the division's snipers were able to gain the upper hand over their German rivals. The divisional history notes that its patrols had gained "control of No Man's Land". Using what had been learned "thorough previous reconnaissance", in addition to sniping, it was "possible to move about unmolested in exposed trenches or even in the open" in front of the German lines.

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great difficulty in getting out and advancing and keeping up with the barrage". As the infantry waded through mud, they lost the creeping barrage. Elements of the division reached the German line, in what the historian of the 16 Welsh called "a gallant but hopeless endeavour". The division remained on the line, subjected to German artillery bombardments, until it was withdrawn on 13 September to take up new positions at

3036:. They would then undertake six weeks training at a Primary Training Centre and take aptitude and intelligence tests. The recruit would then be posted to a Corps Training Centre that specialised in the arm of the service they were joining. For those who would be joining the infantry, Corps training involved a further sixteen week course. For more specialised roles, such as signallers, it could be up to thirty weeks. 380:, an officer within the 38th (Welsh) Division, commented that "the population of Wales was not sufficient to raise two full divisions and all the corps units required". By the end of 1914, it had been decided that only one division would be raised. The 10,000 men, who had since joined the Welsh Army Corps, were formed into the 43rd Division of Kitchener's Fifth New Army. The division comprised the 1081:

from twelve to nine. This had the effect of reducing the establishment of a division from 18,825 men to 16,035. In addition, to ease reinforcement, an attempt was made to consolidate as many battalions from the same regiment within the same brigade. These changes impacted the division, resulting in the 15th RWF, 11th SWB and 10th and 16th Welsh being disbanded and the 2nd RWF joining from the

475:, on the assumption that practical experience would be easier to gain in France. Following training, it took until November for the division to be fully equipped with rifles. To be declared fit for overseas service, the division's soldiers had to fire 24 rounds on a rifle range. On 29 November, the division was inspected for the last time before its deployment; 1313:. The German positions lay behind dense lines of barbed wire, supported by concrete pillboxes and machine gun positions hidden in small woods providing excellent fields of fire over otherwise open countryside. Faced with this level of defence, the division was halted and spent the following days reconnoitring the German positions preparing for an assault. 703:

Mametz Wood. These needed to be captured to allow XV Corps to advance further into German territory. More ground was gained in subsequent attacks, but German defences and rain hindered moves to clear Mametz Wood. Following casualties within the 7th Division, the 38th (Welsh) Division was attached to XV Corps to relieve the division and clear the wood.

1008:. Their charge had resulted in heavy losses, but yielded 78 prisoners and three machine guns. The 15th RWF had fallen behind the protective creeping barrage to their front and came under fire from a German position known as Battery Copse. Despite many losses, they pushed forward and were able to secure their portion of Iron Cross Ridge. 995:(VC). Davies, alone, attacked a German machine gun position after previously failed efforts had resulted in numerous British deaths. He killed one German and captured another as well as the gun. Although he was wounded, he then led an attack to kill a sniper who had been harassing his unit. Davies subsequently died of his wounds. 870:. On 12 July, Watts returned to the 7th Division and Blackader assumed command of the 38th. The division had suffered 3,993 casualties during the six days it had fought on the Somme, with over 600 men killed. Although it had captured 400 prisoners and Mametz Wood (the largest wood on the Somme), paving the way for the assault on 1389:. Here the division paused until 4 November and was subjected to artillery and aerial bombardments as well as minor skirmishes with German infantry. At 06:15 on 4 November, over a 2,000-yard (1,800 m) front, the 115th Brigade pushed forward subjected to a heavy German artillery bombardment. The brigade cleared fenced-off 1906:. As part of this restructure, the decision was made to retain division numbers familiar to the British public. On 1 September 1944, the 38th Division was recreated as the 38th Infantry (Reserve) Division to replace the 80th as Western Command's training formation. The new 38th Division was commanded by Major-General 1107:. This attack, which became the opening salvo of their Spring Offensive, aimed to deliver a single, decisive, war winning blow. The Germans intended to strike the southern British flank, to separate the British and French armies and then move north to engage the bulk of the British forces in France in a 1054:

a 300-strong raid on the German lines. Having penetrated 200 yards (180 m) into German territory, the battalion destroyed three concrete dugouts, inflicted at least 50 casualties and took 15 prisoners, for a loss of 50 casualties. In addition to raiding, the division helped train the newly arrived

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The practice of wearing battalion specific insignia (often called battle patches) in the B.E.F. began in mid 1915 with the arrival of units of Kitchener's Armies and was widespread after the Somme Battles of 1916. The patches shown were adopted by the division during late 1917, and were designed to a

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swept by machine gun fire, stormed a precipitous railway embankment 40 to 50 feet high and in pouring rain, very slippery and deep going, in the hours of darkness, established on the final objective". Elements of the division's pioneers joined in the assault on the heights beyond the river and aided

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earned his VC. Elements of the 10th SWB had come under heavy German machine gun fire and suffered numerous casualties. Williams directed a Lewis gunner to suppress the German position, while he assaulted it single-handedly. Rushing the position, he took the surrender of 15 Germans. When they realised

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and, in the words of the divisional history, "smothered the Canal valley with gas shells". On 3 September, having noticed a weakness in the German positions, elements of the 13th and 14th Welsh stormed across the canal and cleared the eastern bank allowing the rest of the 114th Brigade to cross. On 5

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being awarded the VC. Rees silenced one German machine gun position, before going on to clear a concrete bunker with grenades resulting in the death of five Germans and the surrender of 30 more and the capture of a machine gun. Due to the casualties taken, elements of the 16th Welsh and 10th SWB were

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began. The division was ordered to capture the German front line, the second line positions based on Pilckem Ridge, a low ridge that also contained the heavily shelled village of Pilckem, followed by Iron Cross Ridge which lay to the east, before storming down the other side and across a small stream

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of trained personnel and, if needed, a third division would be created. All TA recruits were required to take the general service obligation: if the British Government decided, territorial soldiers could be deployed overseas for combat. (This avoided the complications of the Territorial Force, whose

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on the Belgian border. From the start of the Hundred Day Offensive until the signing of the armistice on 11 November, the division had advanced 60 miles (97 km), taken 3,102 prisoners, seized 520 machine guns and captured 50 mortars and 43 artillery pieces. The division's own losses during this

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Until early 1918, the division manned various sections of the front line, at times occupying as much as ten miles of the front. During this period, the division worked to improve the trenches they inherited and conducted raids on the German lines. On the night of 7/8 November, the 10th SWB conducted

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The division returned to the front line on 20 August. On 27 August, elements of the division attacked. Throughout the day, heavy rain had fallen saturating the ground. The divisional history described the scene: "the men who had been lying in shell-holes which were gradually filling with water found

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which had not yet advanced as far, were able to fire into the flanks of the advancing troops. A platoon from 15th Welsh was diverted and assaulted the farm, capturing 15 men and killing or scattering the rest, securing the flank of the advance. The 14th Welsh then rushed Iron Cross Ridge and engaged

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During the night, the 113th and 114th Infantry Brigades were ordered out of the wood and the 115th Brigade assembled in their place. The next day, the 115th Brigade prepared an assault to clear out the Germans. The 115th Brigade's commanding officer, Brigadier-General H. J. Evans, wanted to launch a

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and rifle fire. In the face of determined German resistance and flanking machine gun fire, the 13th Welsh suffered many casualties and their attack stalled. The division reinforced the right flank by committing the 15th Welsh who were able to push through into the wood. Before they could link up and

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The war-time deployment of the Territorial Army envisioned it being deployed piecemeal, to reinforce the regular army already deployed to the European mainland, as equipment became available. The plan envisioned the deployment of the whole force in waves, as divisions completed their training, with

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before pushing 500 yards (460 m) into the forest against stiff resistance. They were followed by the 113th Brigade, who then leapfrogged ahead to achieve the division's second objective inside the forest. A lull in the fighting followed as the artillery was moved forward. Afterwards, the 114th

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support, while the 113th Brigade would clear the nearby Mortho Wood. The 114th Brigade would be held in reserve initially but brought up to exploit the success and push deeper into the German defensive belt. At 01:00 on 8 October, the attack began. The initial attack by the 115th Brigade failed, in

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earned the VC. Alone, he assaulted a machine gun post that was hindering the advance, killing the defenders and capturing the gun. He then launched a second attack, accompanied by two others who were killed, to seize another German machine gun position killing a further five and again capturing the

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After a short break to train and rest, the division returned to the front line in mid-February and recommenced raiding the German lines. On 15 March, the 16th RWF conducted a raid on a similar scale, and with similar success, to the one conducted by the 10th SWB in November. During the same period,

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had been laid down on either flank, which succeeded in drawing German fire away from the assault. The divisional history called this attack "one of the most magnificent sights of the war ... wave after wave of men were seen advancing without hesitation and without a break over a distance which

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and was re-designated Force 135. Ultimately such an operation did not take place and the brigade was deployed to mainland Europe. During August, the 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division began to disperse. On 15 August, the divisional headquarters ceased commanding any subordinate units and by the end of

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was introduced. This resulted in 34,500 20-year-old militiamen being conscripted into the regular army, initially to be trained for six months before deployment to the forming second-line units. It was envisioned that the duplicating process and recruiting the required numbers of men would take no

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On the night of 19/20 October, the division attacked. The footbridges were brought forward and the river crossed with ease but, the divisional history commented, the "railway embankment on the far side was a much greater natural obstacle" due to heavy rain and was "heavily wired" and defended. The

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By 1918, the number of front line infantry within the British Army in France had decreased, leading to a manpower crisis. In an attempt to consolidate manpower and to increase the number of machine guns and artillery support available to the infantry, the number of battalions in a division was cut

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Historian Toby Thacker wrote that "the attack on the Pilckem Ridge was considered a great success by Haig and has been similarly viewed by historians". He continues: "in Haig's eyes the Welsh Division had redeemed its reputation after what he had perceived as its poor showing at Mametz Wood". Haig

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The 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division became active on 18 September 1939; its constituent units had already formed and had been administered by the 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division. The 38th was again composed of the 113th, 114th and 115th Infantry Brigades, and was placed under the initial command of

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With Iron Cross Ridge in British hands, the 11th SWB and 17th RWF pushed forward for the Steenbeck. Despite German resistance, based in more concrete defences, these positions were cleared and the river reached, and the two battalions dug-in on the opposite side. Helping to clear German positions

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Where concrete bunkers were encountered, the troops worked their way around them, cutting the German troops off and forcing them to surrender. Despite their resistance, the German second line was captured without delay. Half of the 13th and 14th Welsh, along with the 15th RWF, then pushed towards

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gas bombardments, the German artillery had been largely silenced and played little part in the initial fighting. The 10th and 13th Welsh (advancing on the right) and half the 13th and 16th RWF (on the left), were able to take the German forward positions rapidly, capturing several Germans who had

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Hughes quoted a regular officer who was attached to the division who described Philipps as "an excellent administrator" who was "valued his service with the division". Historian Tim Travers wrote that "perhaps Philipps was a poor commander" but the opening attacks on Mametz Wood demonstrated the

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pushed into the German lines and flanked Fricourt to the north. Due to this move and the capture of Mametz, the Germans abandoned Fricourt; the two divisions advanced up to 2,500 yards (2,300 m) and suffered 7,500 casualties. Between these two villages were the entrenched German positions in

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The initial reaction by the regular army to the division was one of hostility. The division was seen as lacking experience and training; the latter was a criticism levelled at all New Army divisions. Questions were also raised about the divisional leadership and about securing officer commissions

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and six machine guns. The attack was costly, with the 13th RWF suffering over 400 wounded. The Germans made repeated attempts to push back the British and a big attack was repulsed on 9 May. The division attempted an abortive attack on another German-held ridge and conducted several raids on the

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and a limited number of other British formations. Sheffield credited Cubitt, "a hard-bitten, ruthless 'fire-eater'", for the improved performance of the division during this period, along with the various breaks the division had away from the line when they were able to train and assimilate new

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was assigned as the first divisional commander. By March, 20,000 men had been enlisted and over the coming months the first units reached full strength. Despite steady recruitment, by 30 June 1915, 20 per cent of recruits had been removed, having been discharged primarily for medical reasons or

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commented that, since the division was "employed on trench-holding duties from September 1917 to July 1918", it likely "was not regarded by GHQ as an elite 'storm' formation". He noted, "judged by the results of their attacks during the Hundred Days" the division "was in a select band of elite

1176:. The division received replacements for casualties, disbanded the sniper company and engaged in rifle training. Once back on the line, the division returned to its previous routine of static warfare: conducting patrols and raids, as well as being subjected to raids and artillery bombardments. 1485:

During the course of the war, 4,419 of the division's men were killed, 23,268 were wounded, and 1,693 reported missing. For acts of valour, five soldiers were (in some instances posthumously) awarded the Victoria Cross. In addition, the following awards (in several cases, multiple times) were

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road. Meanwhile, the 113th Brigade engaged in heavy fighting to clear the German trenches around Mortho Wood. During this action, the division suffered 1,290 casualties and took 380 prisoners. The divisional history noted that 8 October was "perhaps ... the stiffest fighting of the whole

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The 10th Welsh moved up to cover the gap between the five battalions already engaged and the 13th RWF were deployed to clear the German position in front of their sister battalions; divisional engineers arrived to dig trenches and lay wire. During the afternoon, the 10th SWB and 17th RWF were

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and although it was behind the lines in reserve, the division suffered its first casualty of the battle due to German artillery fire. The 1 July attack was a disaster on the Fourth Army front, and total British losses amounted to 57,470 largely north of the Albert–Bapaume road. In particular,

843:. Despite this, the brigade was able to clear Mametz Wood by the end of the day. The German second line position was on higher ground which dominated the edge of the wood and, coupled with artillery fire, resulted in the brigade pulling back to its start line to avoid further casualties. 431:(1 March 1915), the new division was inspected by Lloyd George. During April, the Fourth New Army was broken up to provide reinforcements for deployed combat units. The Fifth New Army, in turn, was renamed the Fourth New Army. As part of this re-organisation, the 38th Division became the 969:

remained behind. The 13th and 14th Welsh then pushed beyond their sister battalions up the ridge, along with the remaining half of the 13th and 16th RWF. Based in the village and Marsouin and Stray Farms, the German resistance was more determined, resulting in increasing British losses.

722:. These units were entrenched within the wood; the German second line was only 300 yards (270 m) behind, allowing the position to be reinforced easily. From 6–9 July, the 38th Division conducted reconnaissance and probing attacks, to determine the strength of the German position. 874:, the reputation of the division had been further hindered by inaccuracies. The failure of the first attack harmed the division's reputation, as the comparably few casualties were seen as evidence of a lack of determination by the men. The 113th Brigade's commander, Brigadier-General 359:

stated publicly that he "should like to see a Welsh Army in the field". This thought quickly picked up support from politicians and from Kitchener; a Welsh Army Corps of two divisions totalling 50,000 men was approved on 10 October. The recruits were to be drawn from Wales as well as

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brigade scheme of a simple shape for each brigade and a colour for the battalion (the colours and design changed for the 115th brigade). Originally worn at the top of both sleeves, the battle patch was retained on the left when the division sign began to be worn on the right.

619:. Owen followed the Germans back to their trench and ambushed them. The divisional history comments that "the greater portion were killed" and the raid was considered by the Army to be "the third best ... carried out so far" in the war. For his actions, Owen was 542:. Hughes commented that Philipps's political appointment "can hardly have improved his standing" and that he was viewed as a "jumped-up ex-Indian Army major who had no right to a divisional command", who had received his position via his association with Lloyd George. 1524:

From left to right, top row: 13th, 14th and 15th and 16th (Service) Battalions Royal Welsh Fusiliers. Bottom row: 113th machine gun company and 113th trench mortar battery. The title 'LONDON WELSH' was written in one line for other ranks and two lines for officers.

1085:. These changes to the division also saw the machine gun companies consolidated into a single battalion, one medium mortar battery broken up and absorbed by the remaining two batteries and the heavy mortar battery leaving the division to become a Corps asset. 924:

In June, the division was withdrawn into reserve to conduct training exercises for the Ypres offensive. Replicas of the German positions on Pilckem Ridge were built and attacks rehearsed. On 20 July, the division returned to the front taking over from the

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the Sudetenland. Although Chamberlain had intended the agreement to lead to further peaceful resolution of issues, relations between both countries soon deteriorated. On 15 March 1939, Germany breached the terms of the agreement by invading and occupying

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From left to right, top row: 17th (Service) Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers, 10th, 11th (Service) Battalions South Wales Borderers and 16th (Service) Battalion Welsh Regiment. Bottom row: 115th machine gun company and 115th trench mortar battery.

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September, the division was relieved and placed in reserve. During August and the beginning of September, the artillery had fired over 300,000 rounds in support of the fighting, 3,614 casualties had been suffered and 1,915 German prisoners taken.

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went on to write that the division had "achieved the highest level of soldierly achievement". Historian Steven John wrote that the division "regained the honour which it had unjustly lost after their supposed tardiness in the capture of Mametz".

1198:, the culminating offensive of the war. In the 38th Division sector, the Fourth Army pushed the Germans back from their gains and onto the eastern bank of the Ancre. The 38th Division was assigned to cross the river and clear the German-held 896:

where it remained for the next ten months seeing no major action. The division spent its time rebuilding and consolidating washed out trenches and raiding German positions. For the former, the division was commended by their Corps commander

1117:). The aim was to inflict such a defeat upon the British armies that the country would abandon the war, which in turn would force the French to sue for peace. After the first ten days of the German offensive, the casualties suffered by the 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 2999:

By 1939, the TA's intended role was to be the sole method of expanding the size of the Army (compared to the creation of Kitchener's Army during the prior war). First-line territorial formations would create a second-line division using a

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Eight days later, the division returned in preparation for assaulting the Hindenburg Line. The division advanced, along with the Fourth Army, pressing the retreating Germans before halting at the Hindenburg support line, also known as the

604:. Units of the division took turns on the front line, maintained positions, conducted trench raids and were subjected to German bombardments, all of which allowed the men to gain experience of active service conditions. During this period 1360:. Over the next six days, the division prepared itself: conducting reconnaissance, constructing bridges and moving up heavy artillery. During these preparations, the Germans bombarded elements of the division's artillery with gas shells. 794:

lasted for 45 minutes, striking the German front line positions; the shelling was also temporarily halted to attempt to lure the German defenders back into the front line. At 04:15, the division launched its attack. Advancing behind a

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in the capture of the position. Despite several counter-attacks, the division held the high ground. The attack inflicted at least 225 casualties and resulted in the capture of 212 prisoners, a battery of artillery pieces and mortars.

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During the evening, the 14th RWF launched a minor trench raid. On 8 July, this was supposed to develop into an attack on the southern tip of the wood. While the division prepared to launch a battalion-sized attack, XV Corps commander

650:. New trenches were dug and the division made practice attacks on them using novel tactics: attacking in waves in conjunction with artillery and machine gun fire. Towards the end of the month, the division moved further south to the 1475:. Instead, it was demobilised over a period of months. The first 3,000 soldiers were sent home during December, and the division ceased to exist by March 1919. Prior to the division's disbandment, the remaining men were visited by 195:

The 43rd was renamed the 38th (Welsh) Division on 29 April 1915, and shipped to France later that year. It arrived in France with a poor reputation, seen as a political formation that was ill-trained and poorly led. The division's

1410:. During this 24-hour period, the division had advanced 11.5 miles (18.5 km), 4 miles (6.4 km) further than the flanking divisions, taken 522 prisoners, captured 23 artillery pieces and suffered at least 411 casualties. 1372:

With a bridgehead across the Selle secured, the 33rd Division (again supported by the 38th's artillery) continued the advance with the 38th close behind. During this time, elements of the division supply train were stricken by an

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transferred to other units leaving 27,836 men within the ostensible Welsh Army Corps. The division was made up predominately of Welshmen, but it included soldiers from the rest of the United Kingdom and several other nations.

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Pre-war regulars were held to the standard of the 1909 Musketry Regulations. This involved annual rifle training that included: firing 250 rounds at ranges of 100 yards (91 m)-600 yards (550 m), 15 rounds fired in

779:, commander of the 7th Division, was to take temporary command. During 9 July, the decision was made that the division would launch a full-scale attack the next day. At 03:30 on 10 July, the preliminary bombardment began. 1897:

During 1944, the British Army suffered a severe shortage of manpower. In an effort to downsize the army and consolidate as many men within as few formations as possible to maintain fighting strength and efficiency, the

1394:

Brigade attacked reaching the division's final objective, a road running through the forest, before nightfall. In heavy rain and complete darkness, the 13th Welsh carried on the advance. They surrounded the hamlets of

9003: 6649:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 6185:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 729:

upon the wood after a brief preliminary bombardment. At 08:00, the 16th Welsh and 10th SWB attacked. As soon as the advance began it became obvious that the preliminary bombardment had failed to silence the German

5806: 1213:. By the end of the day, in heavy fighting, the division had seized the ridge, pushed the Germans back around Ovillers and taken 634 prisoners. The division history also records the capture of "143 machine guns". 933:, inflicted serious losses. At the same time, aerial reconnaissance and infantry patrols by the division confirmed that the British preliminary barrage had forced the Germans back to their second line positions. 506:

through influence. Historian Clive Hughes wrote, "regulars professed disgust at the blatantly political character" of the division. The prime example of this concern was Philipps himself. He had retired from the

1343:

was liberated and the next day the divisional artillery was firing in support of the 33rd which had made contact with German forces. Over the next few days, the 33rd Division pursued the Germans to the River

1338:

After the assault, the 33rd Division pursued the retreating German forces, while the 38th stayed close behind ready to take over the advance or assault strongly-held German positions as needed. On 9 October,

1156:, overlooking the British lines. The division was ordered to retake this to deny the Germans the ability to observe the British positions and to gain observation positions overlooking the German lines in the 1932:

Undertaking this role, for example, the 5th Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry – between 1944 and 1945 – trained over 4,000 replacements for other battalions within the regiment as well as the

839:, the barrage also caught German troops in the open as they fled from the wood. The remaining Germans offered determined resistance and the 16th Welsh were held up by machine gun fire and the use of a 905:). In November, elements of the 14th Welsh launched a large raid on a German position known as High Command Redoubt, a fortified position on a slight rise that overlooked the British lines. From this 2640: 1771:

took command of the division. On 1 December 1941, the division was placed on the lower establishment, having been earmarked for a static home defence role. During 1942, the division was assigned to

1301:

Line, due to determined German resistance. On 5 October, the line was breached by the division after the Germans evacuated it for their main position (Siegfried II Stellung, otherwise known as the

734:

positions and German shells started to fall upon the attackers and the trenches they had left, resulting in a temporary communication breakdown. Caught between machine gun fire from their front

8978: 8865: 1661:

began; others were able to complete this work within a matter of weeks. Issues arose from the lack of central guidance, in addition to the lack of facilities, equipment, and instructors.

204:, where it captured Mametz Wood at the loss of nearly 4,000 men. This strongly held German position needed to be secured in order to facilitate the next phase of the Somme offensive, the 2634: 345:

laid out plans for Kitchener's proposed expansion: traditional recruitment would be used to expand the regular army, bypassing the county associations and thus avoiding expanding the

835:

surprise attack but was overruled. The subsequent bombardment to support the attack fell short in places, hitting British troops and provoking German artillery fire. As well as the

8855: 2848: 2698: 9080: 8850: 1062:) and the division spent the following months improving the front line positions, as well as constructing rear-line defences from the Armentières region to the northern bank of 277:. In this form, the division completed the training of recruits, who were then dispatched overseas as reinforcements. At the end of the war, the division was again stood down. 9075: 1352:. While a bridgehead was secured, it was abandoned due to losses and the 38th Division was moved forward. On the night of 13/14 October, the division took over the line near 9110: 9105: 9095: 2976:

By 30 September, 50,000 Welshmen had joined the Army and had formed 12 new Welsh battalions within Kitchener's New Army and had also been used to reinforce existing units.

756:

When Horne found out that the 14th RWF had not moved and that their attack had been pushed back to 8 July, he summoned Ivor Philipps to Corps Headquarters and sacked him.

5816: 1764:

in the east. Michael Glover and Jonathan Riley note that while in reserve, the Royal Welch Fusiliers battalions of the 115th Brigade took part in coastal defence duties.

2251: 9100: 9090: 8791: 273:. The 38th Division was recreated on 1 September 1944 as the 38th Infantry (Reserve) Division, a training formation that took over the role previously occupied by the 1443:

knowledge that resulted in "devolution of command" which allowed command flexibility among lower ranks. In addition, Sheffield cited improved staff work and tactical

9015: 8953: 8810: 8213: 7746: 753:. The day was spent in confusion; conflicting orders were issued and Horne travelled to the division to clarify his intentions. In the end, no attack was launched. 1537:

From left to right, top row: 10th, 13th, 14th and 15th (Service) Battalions Welsh Regiment. Bottom row: 114th machine gun company and 114th trench mortar battery.

977:

The Germans poured bullets upon the advancing infantry, who slipped from shell-hole to shell-hole, taking such cover as they could but resolutely pushing onwards.

262:. It was formed in September 1939, however it was never deployed overseas as a division, having been restricted to home defence duties around the United Kingdom. 1058:

by having a battalion assigned one at a time for tutoring. During the winter, the British realised that the Germans intended to begin an offensive in 1918 (the

2677: 1876:

Compounding the loss of men to reinforce 21st Army Group, on 3 July the 115th Infantry Brigade was withdrawn from the division. The brigade was earmarked for

1406:

and taking 60 more prisoners. The division had breached the forest, allowing the 33rd Division to continue again advancing eastwards – this time to cross the

8119: 1321:

turn impeding the 113th Brigade, which was unable to approach Mortho Wood due to concentrated German machine gun fire. It was during this first attack, that

8248: 1141:

and conducting a fighting withdrawal. Its actions with both divisions earned the men of the divisional artillery plaudits from both divisional commanders.

376:. The creation of the corps soon became a source of dispute between Lloyd George and Kitchener and was never realised due to a lack of potential recruits. 2628: 2603: 961:. To secure these various objectives, the division planned to attack in waves, with fresh troops constantly moving forward to tackle the next objective. 9115: 471:, England, where it assembled for the first time as a coherent single unit. Final training took place and limited instruction was given on tactics for 7931: 7599: 7117: 1903: 274: 1937:. Having fulfilled its purpose, the division was disbanded at the end of the war. When the TA was reformed in 1947, the division was not re-raised. 658:

and were placed in reserve. The division was allocated to the second wave, which was intended to exploit the expected success of both the Third and

8941: 7166: 6684: 909:, the Germans had been able to direct artillery fire and snipe the British positions. The 14th Welsh raided the position, killing 50 defenders in 1910:, who had previously commanded the 80th Division. At this point, the divisional insignia was worn only by the permanent members of the division. 1752:

having replaced them around Liverpool. In Sussex, the division was held in reserve and placed behind the 47th (London) Infantry Division and the

5669: 670:. The 38th (Welsh) Division would then move forward to relieve the cavalry and secure the town, to allow the cavalry to advance north towards 7361: 2901: 2853: 1839:). By March, the 115th Infantry Brigade had formed "'B' Marshalling Area" and was aiding the movement of troops in preparation for Overlord. 1316:

The division's plan of attack was for the 115th Brigade to envelop Villers-Outréaux during dark and assault the village during daylight with

480: 1819:. In February 1944, 38th Division provided part of the 'enemy' force in Exercise Eagle, a 12-day pre-invasion training exercise held on the 8083: 8066: 8061: 8056: 2928: 1869:

dry of draftable riflemen" after the losses suffered during the Battle of Normandy, leaving the army in Britain, with the exception of the

1403: 942: 435:. On 29 April, the 43rd was renamed the 38th (Welsh) Division. The division spent most of 1915 dispersed, with the majority located across 1917:, were used to complete the training of new army recruits. At the division, the soldiers were given five weeks of further training at the 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 7667: 7366: 1399: 239:, ended the war on the Belgian frontier, and was considered one of the Army's elite units. The division was not chosen to be part of the 1726: 1725:

the final divisions being deployed a year after the outbreak of war. As a result, the division did not leave the United Kingdom as the

1395: 7633: 315: 1190:

The division returned to the front, on 5 August, and took up position at Aveluy Wood. Shortly after, the Allied armies launched the

8502: 8189: 8165: 7886: 7821: 7553: 3058: 1877: 1753: 605: 7960: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7841: 7836: 7811: 7801: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7543: 7497: 7451: 3090:

In June 1942, the Reconnaissance Corps universally adopted cavalry nomenclature. As a result, all companies were redesignated as

2815: 1858: 1854: 1749: 1737:, who had commanded the 2nd Infantry Division during the latter stages of the fighting in France, was given command of the 38th. 950: 929:. Until the end of the month, the division was subjected to German artillery fire. These shells, a mixture of high explosive and 44: 9085: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9020: 8968: 8958: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8815: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8218: 7896: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7751: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7657: 7652: 7528: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7446: 7356: 2134: 2090: 1702: 1118: 695: 7126:, containing articles and regimental histories for the Royal Welch Fusiliers, the South Wales Borderers and the Welch Regiment 2405:(was raised for the division but left before June 1915; it later went to France in 1916 as part of XLII Heavy Artillery Group) 1865:, resulting in that battalion being disbanded. Historian Stephen Hart commented that, by September, 21st Army Group "had bled 258:

by duplicating existing units. On paper, the division was recreated as the 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division, a duplicate of the

208:. Despite securing its objective, the division's reputation was adversely affected by miscommunication among senior officers. 8973: 8881: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8557: 8145: 7881: 7861: 7568: 7032: 6980: 6961: 6939: 6920: 6901: 6875: 6856: 6837: 6818: 6799: 6780: 6761: 6742: 6723: 6673: 6654: 6635: 6613: 6594: 6568: 6549: 6530: 6508: 6489: 6470: 6451: 6420: 6374: 6355: 6333: 6314: 6288: 6269: 6247: 6228: 6209: 6190: 6171: 6152: 6133: 6041: 6022: 5997: 5978: 3070: 2689: 2644: 1796: 1129:

to relieve the two formations. The infantry moved south, and the divisional artillery remained at Armentières to support the

875: 719: 580:, to gain experience in trench warfare. It relieved the 19th (Western) Division and until the summer manned the front in the 8532: 7856: 7502: 7159: 3050: 2053: 1603: 1248:. Following a day-long barrage, Morval was captured on 1 September after heavy fighting and the division pushed on to take 1173: 946: 3023:

The war establishment – the paper strength – of a higher establishment infantry division in 1944 was 18,347 men.

630:

Map of the Somme battlefield (click to enlarge). The village of Mametz and the surrounding woodland are centrally located.

8633: 8588: 6439: 6257: 2598: 2261: 1800: 1674: 898: 827: 823: 743: 251: 318:

was dispatched but the country lacked the forces required for the protracted war envisioned by the military leadership.

7950: 7315: 6034:

Hull Pals: 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th Battalions East Yorkshire Regiment: A History of 92 Infantry Brigade 31st Division

2005: 531: 5429: 1172:

At this point, Major-General Charles Blackader left the division on medical grounds and was replaced by Major-General

8638: 8608: 8598: 7796: 6064: 2580:

1st Battalion, South Wales Borderers (until 30 November 1943, then from 21 January 1944 until division was disbanded)

1217: 1137:. During this battle, the artillery went on to aid French forces before being transferred temporarily to the British 635: 307: 219:. This action redeemed the division in the eyes of the upper hierarchy of the British military. In 1918, during the 8648: 8618: 8547: 8208: 7871: 7791: 7786: 7741: 7577: 3078: 1870: 1706: 573: 334: 8613: 8562: 8507: 7846: 7826: 7558: 7507: 7152: 6086: 3062: 3054: 2932: 1866: 799:

were the 13th Welsh (on the right flank), the 14th Welsh (in the centre) and the 16th RWF (on the left flank). A

490:

Prior to its deployment, the division was roughly 18,500 men strong. During November, the division departed from

2416:

X/38, Y/38 and Z/38 Medium Mortar Batteries (formed by April 1916; on 9 February 1918 Z was absorbed by X and Y)

8693: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8552: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8455: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8263: 8258: 8253: 7985: 7876: 7583: 7548: 2822: 2789: 2622: 2591: 2554: 2265: 1968: 1649: 1284:

was fought. The division attacked at 05:40 with the 113th and 114th Brigades. For his role during the assault,

1144:

Near Albert, the division had been kept in reserve until the night 11/12 April, when the division relieved the

1138: 1130: 1082: 926: 699: 432: 405: 389: 385: 381: 259: 9025: 8963: 8845: 8820: 8527: 8517: 8512: 8223: 7851: 7831: 7756: 7563: 7538: 7533: 7523: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7420: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7300: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7205: 6461:

Hughes, Clive (1985). "Chapter 4: The New Armies". In Beckett, Ian Frederick William; Simpson, Keith (eds.).

6183:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme

3381: 3066: 2782: 1914: 1637: 867: 663: 565: 255: 85: 2458:

176th Machine Gun Company (joined 28 March 1917, moved to 38th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps on 2 March 1918)

8623: 8603: 8593: 8537: 8522: 7975: 7806: 3764: 2802: 2609: 1934: 1862: 1626: 1122: 746: 659: 188:, and was originally intended to form part of a 50,000-strong Welsh Army Corps that had been championed by 2271:

116th Machine Gun Company (joined 19 May 1916, moved to 38th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps on 2 March 1918)

2230:

114th Machine Gun Company (joined 19 May 1916, moved to 38th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps on 2 March 1918)

1644:

of the regular army made up of part-time volunteers, from 130,000 to 340,000 men and double the number of

1066:, laying what the divisional history described as an: "inconceivable amount of concrete and barbed wire". 8668: 8628: 8160: 8129: 8124: 8114: 7990: 7051: 6078: 2492: 2486: 1824: 1495: 1487: 1472: 1045: 760: 643: 639: 589: 353: 240: 5568: 796: 8583: 7042:

Dilworth, Thomas (1980). "A Book to Remember By: David Jones's Glosses on a History of the Great War".

6885: 6698: 2302: 2111: 1946: 1853:

By 1944, there were five lower establishment divisions allocated to home defence duties: the 38th, the

1816: 1714: 1430: 1413:

On 7 November, the division relieved the 33rd in the pursuit of the Germans. Taking over the line near

1161: 1011: 902: 326: 7129: 2990:

at a target 300 yards (270 m) away, and a further exercise of firing 50 rounds at various ranges.

8763: 8643: 7995: 7970: 7604: 6932:

The Killing Ground: The British Army, the Western Front and the Emergence of Modern Warfare 1900–1918

5874: 2911: 2313: 1741: 1468: 863: 683: 655: 608: 561: 192:; the assignment of Welsh recruits to other formations meant that this concept was never realised. 8688: 8542: 8337: 8327: 8296: 7942: 7866: 7675: 7573: 7007: 5677: 4898: 4798: 4652: 3074: 2796: 2506: 2474: 2402: 2294: 1772: 1134: 1000: 871: 782: 757: 519: 361: 205: 6647:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916, 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme

4245: 4193: 8347: 8342: 8306: 8301: 8286: 8109: 7980: 6406: 2654: 2193:

15th (Service) Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers (1st London Welsh) (disbanded on 6 February 1918)

1922: 1918: 1345: 1191: 1145: 1098: 1059: 1055: 937: 887: 620: 577: 551: 311: 236: 220: 216: 212: 133: 6581:, Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1948/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-78331-085-2. 3014:

In comparison, higher establishment formations were intended for deployment overseas and combat.

1253: 8567: 8450: 8155: 8104: 8099: 7955: 7891: 3046: 2732: 2570: 1780: 1686: 1641: 1591: 1579: 1195: 1185: 1114: 988: 764: 715: 678: 511: 224: 137: 38: 920:

Aerial reconnaissance photo showing the cross west of Pilckem and the devastation of the ridge

8352: 8332: 8311: 8291: 7965: 6343: 3033: 2893: 2574: 2324: 2245: 2184: 1610: 1285: 1245: 1210: 735: 535: 420: 397: 393: 377: 1348:

and launched a bloody assault on the defended eastern bank during the opening stages of the

1160:. At 19:30 on 22 April, elements of the 113th and 115th Brigades attacked with support from 8758: 8752: 8747: 8742: 7609: 7098: 7003: 6388: 6384: 2923: 2754: 2738: 1788: 1599: 523: 428: 265:

In 1944, it was disbanded and its units were either deployed or broken up to reinforce the

5397: 2491:

77th Sanitary Section, Royal Army Medical Corps (joined the division in England; left for

1669: 1256:. In an effort to halt the British advance, the Germans had dug in on the far side of the 243:

after the war, and was demobilised over several months. It ceased to exist by March 1919.

8: 7425: 7305: 7215: 6482:

Carmarthen Pals: A History of the 15th (Service) Battalion, The Welsh Regiment, 1914–1919

6309:. History of the Second World War. Vol. I. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 5990:

Order of Battle of Divisions Part 3B. New Army Divisions (30–41) & 63rd (RN) Division

5608: 5402: 3005:

members were not required to leave Britain unless they volunteered for overseas service.)

2906: 2519: 2041: 1847: 1645: 1633: 1606: 1349: 910: 647: 507: 342: 201: 185: 177: 129: 74: 1310: 7410: 7290: 7079: 7071: 6973:

The Royal Corps of Signals: Unit Histories of the Corps (1920–2001) and its Antecedents

6868:

From the Somme to Victory: The British Army's Experience on the Western Front 1916–1918

6623: 6102: 4903: 4803: 4657: 4250: 4198: 2750:

38th Reconnaissance Regiment, Reconnaissance Corps (13 November until 31 December 1943)

2747:

161th Reconnaissance Regiment, Reconnaissance Corps (24 October until 12 November 1943)

2441: 2309: 2146: 1836: 1792: 1730: 1718: 1322: 970: 954: 626: 581: 527: 498:. The division's artillery initially remained behind to conduct live fire exercises at 356: 270: 189: 7000:

Evaluating the Learning Curve: The 38th (Welsh) Division on the Western Front, 1916–18

6106: 2500:(joined on 7 February 1917; absorbed in Divisional Supply Column on 2 to 9 April 1916) 2257:

16th (Service) Battalion, Welsh Regiment (Cardiff City) (disbanded on 6 February 1918)

1386: 1281: 7430: 7310: 7083: 7063: 7028: 7011: 6976: 6957: 6949: 6935: 6916: 6897: 6871: 6852: 6833: 6814: 6795: 6776: 6757: 6738: 6719: 6690: 6669: 6650: 6631: 6609: 6590: 6564: 6545: 6526: 6504: 6485: 6466: 6447: 6416: 6410: 6394: 6370: 6351: 6329: 6310: 6284: 6265: 6243: 6224: 6205: 6186: 6167: 6148: 6129: 6112: 6090: 6060: 6053: 6037: 6018: 6008: 5993: 5974: 5811: 2868: 2761: 2462: 2200: 2157: 1995: 1926: 1907: 1417:, the division pushed east. By 11:00 on 11 November, the leading brigade was east of 1374: 1104: 855: 772: 555: 515: 499: 346: 322: 295: 181: 2282: 1803:. The division spent 1943 and early 1944 moving around the country spending time in 999:

Iron Cross Ridge. German troops holding Rudolphe Farm, in the area allocated to the

8150: 7055: 3556: 3001: 2744:

38th Independent Squadron, Reconnaissance Corps (6 June 1942 until 18 October 1943)

2583:

113th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (from 1 January 1940 until 6 January 1942)

2008: 1846:

The 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division's Second World War shoulder badge, based on the

1784: 1617: 1464: 1435: 1249: 612: 460: 6303: 2413:

V/38 Heavy Trench Mortar Battery (formed by 28 July 1916; left on 9 February 1918)

1779:

coastline. On 27 and 28 February, the anti-aircraft platoon of the 4th Battalion,

819: 7405: 7285: 3091: 2808: 2706: 2669: 2660:

115th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (1 September 1940 until 12 January 1942)

2614:

114th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (from 10 July 1940 until 9 January 1942)

2422: 2290: 2079: 1828: 1820: 1695: 1657:

more than six months. Some TA divisions had made little progress by the time the

1479: 1280:. The Fourth Army was tasked with clearing these positions. On 18 September, the 1277: 1049:

Men of the 15th RWF, outside their dug-outs, in the trenches, late December 1917.

965: 538:, before being given command of the 38th ahead of regular army officers who held 464: 266: 232: 197: 7144: 6281:

Raising Churchill's Army: The British Army and the War Against Germany 1919–1945

1889: 9050: 8983: 7415: 7295: 7220: 7210: 7059: 2916: 2561: 2215: 2012: 1812: 1587: 1499: 1491: 1439: 1206: 1005: 992: 930: 601: 472: 401: 6913:

British Culture and the First World War: Experience, Representation and Memory

1125:

Divisions were such that the 38th was ordered south to take up positions near

1034: 941:

known as the Steenbeck. The division would be opposed primarily by the German

807:

The 14th Welsh rapidly entered the wood and cleared the German positions with

9069: 7067: 7015: 6694: 6589:. A History of British Infantry. Vol. 2. London: Pen & Sword Books. 6518: 6326:

That Astonishing Infantry: The History of The Royal Welch Fusiliers 1689–2006

6111:. The British campaign in France and Flanders. London: Hodder and Stoughton. 6074: 2650:

13th Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers (from 7 October 1942 until 4 July 1944)

2123: 1983: 1971: 1808: 1768: 1556: 1452: 1382: 1378: 1257: 1126: 1004:

in hand-to-hand combat to seize the position, before pushing on to capture a

893: 836: 776: 691: 408: 6890: 6398: 6116: 2726:

Divisional Field Stores Section (from 12 December 1941 until 14 August 1944)

1543: 1531: 1518: 1220:. On 25 August, the 113th Brigade cleared Mametz Wood, and the 115th seized 1216:

The division then advanced across the old Somme battlefield, as part of the

572:. The division was then temporarily split up and spent time attached to the 7176: 6463:

A Nation in Arms: A Social Study of the British Army in the First World War

6089:, United Kingdom Military Series. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 5966: 2550:

113th Infantry Brigade (until 18 January 1944, disbanded 5 September 1944)

1929:. Troops would then be ready to be sent overseas to join other formations. 1913:

The 38th, along with the 45th Holding, the 47th Infantry (Reserve) and the

1757: 1710: 1658: 1653: 1613: 1583: 1265: 1069: 840: 800: 615:, where he located a party of German soldiers who had just finished laying 569: 484: 476: 338: 247: 227:, the division attacked several fortified German positions. It crossed the 173: 165: 99: 81: 70: 48: 6737:. War, Armed Forces and Society. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 6367:

Colossal Cracks: Montgomery's 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944–45

6094: 2864:

80th Reconnaissance Regiment, Royal Armoured Corps (until 1 October 1944))

2641:

10th (Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers

1594:. In late 1937 and throughout 1938, German demands for the annexation of 1302: 1015:

Attack of the 38th (Welsh) Division, Battle of Pilckem Ridge, 31 July 1917

916: 862:

That evening, the 21st Division relieved the 38th Division who moved near

7123: 6954:

The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social and Military History

6202:

1918 Year of Victory: The End of the Great War and the Shaping of History

6014: 2451: 2286: 2190:

14th (Service) Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers (Caernarvon and Anglesey)

1761: 1595: 1476: 1377:. Following the 33rd, the division passed through the village of Forest, 1353: 1340: 1229: 1149: 791: 731: 651: 616: 568:. The first casualties were soon suffered due to training accidents with 491: 456: 436: 330: 303: 169: 7075: 5971:

Browned Off and Bloody-minded: The British Soldier Goes to War 1939–1945

2199:

113th Machine Gun Company (joined 19 May 1916, moved to 38th Battalion,

1241: 329:. This position allowed Kitchener a largely independent role within the 7025:

38th (Welsh) and 33rd Divisions in the Last Five Weeks of the Great War

6811:

British Generalship on the Western Front 1914–1918: Defeat Into Victory

6298: 6126:

The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century, 1815–1914

2987: 2298: 2101: 2061:

The division had the following commanders during the Second World War:

1899: 1734: 1713:

in England and Wales. By summer, the division was under the command of

1682: 1621: 1306: 1294: 534:

and given a command of a brigade. He was then posted to Lloyd George's

468: 444: 373: 6686:

A History of the 38th (Welsh) Division: by the GSO's.I of the Division

5748: 5746: 1951:

The division had the following commanders during the First World War:

1451:, which had led to the ability of the division to carry out effective 1327: 1205:

On 21/22 August, elements of the 114th Brigade crossed the Ancre near

1169:

German lines, before they were withdrawn for a short break on 20 May.

3557:"Phillips, Sir Ivor (1861–1940), soldier, politician and businessman" 2382:

A Battery (previously No 3 Battery, formed at Porthcawl January 1915)

2364:

A Battery (previously No 4 Battery, formed at Porthcawl January 1915)

2333: 1842: 1678: 1418: 1273: 1233: 1225: 1074: 1021: 726: 593: 585: 539: 448: 365: 6735:

The Commonwealth Armies: Manpower and Organisation in Two World Wars

1893:

An example of infantry training at Western Command's training school

584:

region. It was rotated along the XI Corps sector, and spent time in

467:, and trained for open warfare. On 19 August, the division moved to 314:. Britain faced a continental war it was not prepared to fight; the 5743: 5450: 3673: 2938: 2635:

9th (Caernarvonshire and Anglesey) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers

2376: 2032:

Major-General C. G. Blackader (Left position due to becoming sick)

1832: 1444: 1414: 1390: 1221: 1199: 851: 846: 808: 687: 597: 495: 440: 111: 2861:

38th Infantry (Reserve) Divisional Signals, Royal Corps of Signals

2465:(formed 2 March 1918 with 113th, 114th, 115th and 176th Companies) 1795:

was given command of the division. In July, the division lost the

1269: 6262:

And We Shall Shock Them: The British Army in the Second World War

3497: 3495: 2241:

17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers (2nd North Wales)

1422: 906: 750: 667: 4766: 4764: 4435: 2849:

70th (Royal Welch Fusiliers) Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery

2699:

70th (Royal Welch Fusiliers) Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery

2587:

114th Infantry Brigade (until 19 July 1944, disbanded 20 July)

1562:

19th (Service) Battalion Welsh Regiment, the division pioneers.

1463:

After the conclusion of fighting, the division was based around

1224:. The following day, the 113th Brigade reached the outskirts of 706: 254:, the British army increased the number of divisions within the 6830:

Understanding the Somme 1916: An Illuminating Battlefield Guide

5943: 5931: 5474: 3032:

Having entered military service, a recruit was assigned to the

1776: 1745: 1448: 1407: 1365: 1357: 1298: 1237: 1153: 958: 415: 369: 7054:

on behalf of the Bibliographical Society of America: 221–232.

7010:, School of Historical Studies, Department of Modern History. 6606:

The Day We Won the War: Turning Point at Amiens, 8 August 1918

5515: 5513: 3622: 3492: 3057:

Armoured Divisions, and the following infantry divisions: the

2350:

A Battery (previously No 1 Battery, formed at Cardiff in 1914)

1232:

was ordered to suppress German machine gun positions with his

545: 4761: 4159: 4157: 4155: 3978: 3976: 3709: 3470: 3468: 3455: 3453: 1331: 1157: 671: 228: 6465:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 99–126. 3561:

The National Library of Wales: Dictionary of Welsh Biography

3524: 3522: 3414: 3382:"16th (Service) Battalion (Cardiff City) The Welsh Regiment" 3236: 2533:

235th Divisional Employment Company (formed by 23 June 1917)

1402:, capturing a garrison of 65 men, before pushing on towards 1073:

Men of the 13th Welsh constructing rear-line positions near

892:

At the end of August 1916, the division was deployed to the

5510: 5260: 5258: 4665: 3539: 3537: 3107: 2573:(until 12 December 1942, when it became the 1st Battalion, 2252:

11th (Service) Battalion, South Wales Borderers (2nd Gwent)

1804: 1317: 1063: 452: 6754:

We Lead, Others Follow: First Canadian Division, 1914–1918

6444:

Tommy: the British soldier on the Western Front, 1914–1918

5895: 5758: 5733: 5731: 5638: 4881: 4879: 4781: 4779: 4635: 4633: 4270: 4152: 4116: 3973: 3685: 3661: 3465: 3450: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 2686:

183th Field Regiment (from 4 July 1942 until 4 April 1943)

2227:

15th (Service) Battalion, Welsh Regiment (Carmarthenshire)

211:

A year later the division made a successful attack in the

6849:

Kitchener s Army: The Raising of the New Armies 1914–1916

5843: 5831: 5704: 5486: 5231: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4413: 4411: 4398: 4396: 4176: 4174: 4172: 3932: 3930: 3850: 3848: 3519: 3355: 3353: 3328: 3326: 3296: 3284: 2941:– poet who was killed during the Battle of Passchendaele. 1467:

in France. The division was not chosen to be part of the

858:(centre-left) while visiting the division, 13 August 1916 634:

During 10–11 June 1916, the division was relieved by the

502:, but had re-joined the division by the end of December. 6579:

The History of the Fifteenth Scottish Division 1939–1945

5789: 5787: 5785: 5462: 5430:"Brecknockshire Battalion, The South Wales Borderers TA" 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5306: 5255: 5243: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5154: 5142: 4558: 4080: 3797: 3785: 3534: 3507: 3313: 3311: 3248: 2695:

193th Field Regiment (22 May 1943 until 21 October 1943)

1857:, the 47th (London), the 55th (West Lancashire) and the 1721:, around Liverpool, to conduct manoeuvres and training. 1705:

assumed command. The division was initially assigned to

1264:

On 11 September, the division returned to the line near

530:. Following the outbreak of the war, he was promoted to 5728: 5716: 5549: 5498: 5378: 5219: 5195: 5067: 5055: 5043: 5019: 5007: 4995: 4959: 4947: 4911: 4876: 4847: 4776: 4737: 4713: 4701: 4689: 4630: 4618: 4594: 4582: 4548: 4546: 4531: 4507: 4471: 4459: 4128: 4032: 4020: 3993: 3991: 3821: 3610: 3215: 3179: 3155: 3143: 3119: 1733:

during May and June 1940. On 28 October, Major-General

1421:

with advanced patrols in contact with German forces at

830:

depicting the division's assault to capture Mametz Wood

638:

and moved into reserve. It then moved south and joined

9081:

Infantry divisions of the British Army in World War II

6434:(1 ed.). Wokingham: The Military History Society. 5907: 5855: 5692: 5650: 5525: 5366: 4859: 4811: 4423: 4408: 4393: 4381: 4345: 4333: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4228: 4226: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4169: 4140: 4092: 4044: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3865: 3863: 3845: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3639: 3637: 3586: 3574: 3402: 3350: 3323: 3260: 2221:

13th (Service) Battalion, Welsh Regiment (2nd Rhondda)

9076:

Infantry divisions of the British Army in World War I

6145:

British Army Uniforms & Insignia of World War Two

5919: 5782: 5770: 5343: 5318: 5270: 5207: 5178: 4807:(Supplement). 12 November 1918. pp. 13472–13472. 4357: 3833: 3738: 3697: 3438: 3426: 3338: 3308: 3272: 2967:

when the Indian Expeditionary Force arrived in France

1620:. The agreement averted a war and allowed Germany to 710:

Mametz Wood, 7 July, prior to the fight to capture it

310:

and the United Kingdom entered the war to uphold the

9111:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

9106:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1944

9096:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1919

7044:

The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America

5537: 5282: 5166: 5130: 5091: 5079: 5031: 4983: 4971: 4935: 4923: 4835: 4823: 4749: 4725: 4677: 4606: 4570: 4543: 4519: 4495: 4483: 4447: 4254:(Supplement). 14 September 1917. pp. 9532–9533. 3988: 3765:"10th and 11th Battalions The South Wales Borderers" 3167: 3131: 2883: 2447:

19th (Service) Battalion, Welsh Regiment (Glamorgan)

7118:"The Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh (Brecon)" 6503:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. 5626: 5294: 4369: 4321: 4309: 4282: 4258: 4223: 4206: 4104: 4056: 4003: 3961: 3942: 3910: 3898: 3875: 3860: 3809: 3721: 3634: 3480: 2629:

8th (Denbighshire) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers

2604:

1st Brecknockshire Battalion, South Wales Borderers

2274:

116th Trench Mortar Battery (from 26 December 1915)

2233:

114th Trench Mortar Battery (from 26 December 1915)

2206:

113th Trench Mortar Battery (from 26 December 1915)

714:Mametz Wood was defended by elements of the German 6889: 6302: 6204:. Titirangi, Auckland: Exisle Publishing Limited. 6052: 5807:"The King's Shropshire Light Infantry 1939 – 1945" 5424: 5422: 5420: 4068: 3649: 3598: 3203: 2935:who was killed during the fighting at Mametz Wood. 2260:2nd Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers (joined from 2224:14th (Service) Battalion, Welsh Regiment (Swansea) 973:, in his history of the war, described the scene: 522:in 1908. Prior to the war, Philipps was elected a 9101:Military units and formations established in 1939 9091:Military units and formations established in 1914 7174: 5882:The Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh (Brecon) 5576:The Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh (Brecon) 5437:The Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh (Brecon) 3772:The Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh (Brecon) 3389:The Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh (Brecon) 3191: 2723:247th Field Park Company (until 12 December 1941) 1873:, with just "young lads, old men and the unfit". 1276:intending to delay the British from reaching the 1268:; the Germans had dug in along a ridge line from 9067: 6164:The British Reconnaissance Corps in World War II 5670:"History: The Herefordshire Light Infantry (TA)" 5398:"The British Army in the United Kingdom 1939–45" 2858:Divisional Field Stores Platoon, Royal Engineers 1632:On 29 March, British Secretary of State for War 6525:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 6432:Infantry Divisions, Identification Schemes 1917 5417: 2828:5th Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry 2482:131st Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps 2479:130th Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps 2196:16th (Service) Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers 767:corps towards a perceived political appointee. 611:of the 15th RWF carried out a trench raid into 6523:Appeasement and Rearmament: Britain, 1936–1939 5603: 5601: 4907:(Supplement). 13 December 1918. p. 14776. 4661:(Supplement). 12 November 1918. p. 13473. 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 2332:A Battery (previously No 2 Battery, formed at 1940: 987:It was during this stage of the fighting that 494:and by 5 December it had arrived in France at 333:. His first act, the next day, was to request 7362:Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia) 7160: 7099:"38th (Welsh) Division Memorial, Mametz Wood" 6948: 6501:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945 6123: 6010:The Origins of the Second World War in Europe 5569:"4th Battalion The Monmouthshire Regiment TA" 4770: 4441: 4202:(Supplement). 4 September 1917. p. 9260. 3113: 2902:British Army Order of Battle (September 1939) 2854:502nd (London) Field Company, Royal Engineers 2775:38th Infantry (Reserve) Division (1944–1945) 2674:102nd Field Regiment (until 23 November 1941) 2024:Brigadier-General W. A. M. Thompson (acting) 1709:, and by early 1940 was spread out along the 1673:Elements of the division, the 5th Battalion, 1664: 1244:but were held up by determined resistance at 1040: 953:, dug-in among trench lines and 280 concrete 341:by 500,000 men. Over the following days, the 8084:British deception formations in World War II 6827: 6429: 3691: 2717:561st Field Company (until 23 November 1941) 2618:115th Infantry Brigade (until 3 July 1944) 2218:(1st Rhondda) (disbanded on 7 February 1918) 1925:level, before undertaking a final three-day 1878:an operation to liberate the Channel Islands 1740:In April 1941, the division was assigned to 1148:. The Germans had captured high ground near 1108: 662:. After the breach of the German lines, the 246:In March 1939, following the reemergence of 7631: 7367:Multi-National Division (South-East) (Iraq) 6718:. Battleground Europe. London: Leo Cooper. 6622: 6323: 6221:The Silent General: Horne of the First Army 6101: 5992:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 5598: 5519: 4671: 4276: 4163: 3982: 3750: 3242: 2711:283rd Field Company (until 2 February 1944) 2544:38th (Welsh) Infantry Division (1939–1944) 775:but was overruled by Haig who ordered that 546:Initial actions and the Battle of the Somme 9001: 8789: 8187: 7167: 7153: 7023:Depree, Major-General H. D., ed. (2005) . 6970: 5849: 5609:"Badge, formation, 115th Infantry Brigade" 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 2963:The Expeditionary Force was prefaced with 2834:8th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment 2720:616th Field Company (until 14 August 1944) 2714:284th Field Company (until 6 October 1943) 2692:(from 2 January 1943 until 14 August 1944) 1902:began disbanding divisions, including the 1791:, France. On 23 April 1942, Major-General 1092: 37: 9116:1914 establishments in the United Kingdom 6884: 6603: 6584: 6324:Glover, Michael; Riley, Jonathan (2008). 5875:"1st Battalion The South Wales Borderers" 5837: 5710: 5264: 5249: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 4564: 3667: 3628: 2498:38th Divisional Motor Ambulance Workshop 854:(centre-right) speaks with Major-General 564:and was placed in reserve, relieving the 392:, and was made up of battalions from the 285: 7268: 7041: 7027:. Uckfield: Naval & Military Press. 6342: 6050: 4897: 4797: 4651: 4244: 4192: 4038: 3616: 3474: 3420: 3230: 2683:146th Field Regiment (until 13 May 1942) 2657:(from 24 October 1943 until 4 July 1944) 1888: 1841: 1754:55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division 1668: 1502:; 453 men were mentioned in dispatches. 1068: 1044: 1010: 915: 845: 818: 781: 705: 625: 459:. At these locations, the men undertook 455:; some units were based in the south at 414: 289: 6929: 6910: 6865: 6846: 6828:Scotland, Thomas; Heys, Steven (2014). 6808: 6789: 6558: 6412:Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign 6405: 6242:(ePub ed.). New York: Spellmount. 6240:Companion to the British Army 1939–1945 6180: 6161: 6073: 5965: 5925: 5737: 5722: 5674:The Herefordshire Light Infantry Museum 5555: 5504: 5384: 5372: 5237: 5201: 4303: 4146: 4122: 4086: 3854: 3803: 3791: 3744: 3679: 3543: 3513: 3459: 3365: 3359: 3278: 3254: 3185: 3173: 3161: 3149: 3137: 3125: 2385:B–D Batteries (formed March–April 1915) 2367:B–D Batteries (formed March–April 1915) 2353:B–D Batteries (formed March–April 1915) 2339:B–D Batteries (formed March–April 1915) 1756:which were defending the coast between 1681:. An infantry section shelter behind a 9068: 8939: 7022: 6934:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6870:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6851:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6794:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6775:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6770: 6751: 6713: 6663: 6563:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6544:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6498: 6484:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6460: 6438: 6383: 6350:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6328:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6278: 6256: 6036:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 6031: 5949: 5937: 5913: 5901: 5861: 5793: 5764: 5644: 5531: 5492: 5480: 5468: 5360: 5337: 5312: 5276: 5213: 5112: 4870: 4817: 4363: 3997: 3839: 3528: 3501: 3444: 3432: 3344: 3317: 3302: 3290: 3045:In 1947, the TA was reformed with the 2831:8th Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment 2437:38th (Welsh) Divisional Signal Company 1881:the month the division was disbanded. 1831:in the forthcoming Allied invasion of 804:in some places was nearly 500 yards". 9000: 8938: 8788: 8186: 7630: 7387: 7267: 7187: 7148: 7122:The regimental museum website of the 6732: 6682: 6644: 6608:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 6539: 6297: 6237: 6199: 6142: 6124:Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John (2005). 5987: 5776: 5752: 5543: 5456: 5288: 5225: 5189: 5097: 5085: 5073: 5061: 5049: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4965: 4953: 4941: 4929: 4917: 4885: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4785: 4755: 4743: 4731: 4719: 4707: 4695: 4683: 4639: 4624: 4612: 4600: 4588: 4576: 4552: 4537: 4525: 4513: 4501: 4489: 4477: 4465: 4453: 4429: 4417: 4402: 4387: 4375: 4351: 4339: 4327: 4315: 4291: 4264: 4232: 4180: 4134: 4110: 4098: 4074: 4062: 4050: 4014: 3955: 3936: 3892: 3732: 3715: 3643: 3592: 3580: 3486: 3408: 3332: 3266: 3209: 2845:195th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery 2814:114th Infantry Brigade (formerly the 2781:113th Infantry Brigade (formerly the 2645:6th (Royal Welch) Parachute Battalion 1471:, the British occupation force to be 725:On 7 July, the division launched two 6997: 6971:Lord, Cliff; Watson, Graham (2003). 6517: 6479: 6364: 6218: 6055:British Battle Insignia (1). 1914-18 6006: 5973:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 5698: 5656: 5632: 5300: 5172: 5160: 5148: 5136: 4977: 4217: 4026: 3967: 3921: 3904: 3869: 3827: 3815: 3703: 3655: 3604: 3197: 2837:9th Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers 2643:(until 25 July 1942, when it became 560:Once in France, the division joined 6430:Hibbard, Mike; Gibbs, Gary (2016). 6393:. Bahrain: Kevin and Kay Patience. 6283:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2518:332nd Company (Herbert Kitchener's 2165: 1775:and had shifted west to defend the 1767:On 15 November 1941, Major-General 1568: 698:assaulted and captured Mametz. The 180:was raised as the 43rd Division of 121:Infantry, home defence and training 13: 6991: 6832:. Solihill: Helion & Company. 6666:The Great War: An Imperial History 6369:. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books. 6223:. Solihull: Helion & Company. 2920:based on his war-time experiences. 2320:38th (Welsh) Divisional Artillery 2173:38th (Welsh) Division (1914–1918) 1505: 1133:and subsequently took part in the 280: 235:and German positions on the River 14: 9127: 7091: 6952:& Roberts, Priscilla (2005). 6733:Perry, Frederick William (1988). 6415:. Woodstock: Overlook Hardcover. 6147:. London: Arms and Armour Press. 6083:The Defence of the United Kingdom 3081:(Scottish), and the 53rd (Welsh). 2393:38th Divisional Ammunition Column 2316:Cyclist Battalion on 10 May 1916) 2312:(formed on 22 April 1915, joined 1385:, before halting in front of the 913:and taking 20 more as prisoners. 636:61st (2nd South Midland) Division 526:, and was part of Lloyd George's 6756:. St. Catharines, Ont: Vanwell. 5867: 5799: 5662: 5589: 5561: 5390: 5103: 4891: 4791: 4645: 3084: 3039: 3026: 3017: 3008: 2993: 2886: 2757:(1 January until 14 August 1944) 2599:King's Shropshire Light Infantry 1915:48th Infantry (Reserve) Division 1904:80th Infantry (Reserve) Division 1871:52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division 1675:King's Shropshire Light Infantry 1636:announced plans to increase the 1555: 1542: 1530: 1517: 1194:, which led to the start of the 1179: 1020:during the advance, resulted in 881: 666:cavalry divisions would capture 337:to increase the strength of the 275:80th Infantry (Reserve) Division 162:38th Infantry (Reserve) Division 92: 80: 69: 32:38th Infantry (Reserve) Division 6915:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 6390:Monuments to Courage: 1917–1982 6346:(2010). Riley, Jonathan (ed.). 6087:History of the Second World War 4238: 4186: 3549: 2979: 2970: 2566:2/5th Battalion, Welch Regiment 2485:49th Mobile Veterinary Section 2388:CXXII Brigade Ammunition Column 2305:Cavalry Regiment on 9 May 1916) 2254:(disbanded on 27 February 1918) 1627:the remnants of the Czech state 6956:. Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO. 6587:For Love of Regiment 1915–1994 6365:Hart, Stephen Ashley (2007) . 2957: 2753:38th Reconnaissance Regiment, 2370:CXXI Brigade Ammunition Column 2342:CXIX Brigade Ammunition Column 1815:, and were assigned to II and 1650:53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division 1616:in September and brokered the 1426:period amounted to 8,681 men. 1103:On 21 March, Germany launched 786:Mametz Wood, as seen in August 749:ordered a smaller attack by a 260:53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division 200:came in the first days of the 158:38th (Welsh) Infantry Division 30:38th (Welsh) Infantry Division 1: 7247:6th (United Kingdom) Division 7242:3rd (United Kingdom) Division 7237:1st (United Kingdom) Division 6166:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 6059:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 5958: 5459:, pp. 455, 507, 514–515. 2741:(2 January until 5 June 1942) 2356:CXX Brigade Ammunition Column 1689:moves past in the background. 1573: 945:, along with elements of the 868:48th (South Midland) Division 566:46th (North Midland) Division 404:(Welsh). On 19 January 1915, 7388: 6664:Morrow, John Howard (2005). 6264:. London: Cassell Military. 5812:Shropshire Regimental Museum 3682:, pp. 346–353, 368–370. 2803:Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers 2678:132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment 2610:Herefordshire Light Infantry 1935:North Staffordshire Regiment 1863:Herefordshire Light Infantry 1827:, which was to form part of 1602:. To avoid war, the British 1598:in Czechoslovakia led to an 1496:Distinguished Conduct Medals 1488:Distinguished Service Orders 943:3rd Guards Infantry Division 364:and from Welshmen living in 252:occupation of Czechoslovakia 16:Division of the British Army 7: 7052:University of Chicago Press 6604:Messenger, Charles (2008). 6585:Messenger, Charles (1994). 6200:Ekins, Ashley, ed. (2010). 6143:Davis, Brian Leigh (1983). 2879: 2705:38th Divisional engineers, 2668:38th Divisional artillery, 2070:General officer commanding 1960:General officer commanding 1941:General officers commanding 1884: 1727:British Expeditionary Force 1458: 423:, training on a rifle range 354:Chancellor of the Exchequer 241:Occupation of the Rhineland 168:was active during both the 10: 9132: 9086:Kitchener's Army divisions 8634:66th (2nd East Lancashire) 8589:57th (2nd West Lancashire) 7188: 7060:10.1086/pbsa.74.3.24302701 6790:Renshaw, Michael (2011) . 6683:Munby, J. E., ed. (1920). 5988:Becke, Major A.F. (1945). 2820: 2787: 2737:38th Independent Company, 2620: 2589: 2552: 2244:10th (Service) Battalion, 2214:10th (Service) Battalion, 2183:13th (Service) Battalion, 1947:General officer commanding 1944: 1797:10th Royal Welch Fusiliers 1665:Formation and home defence 1218:Second Battle of the Somme 1183: 1096: 1041:Raiding and reorganisation 885: 694:. Throughout the day, the 549: 327:Secretary of State for War 223:and the subsequent Allied 59:December 1914 – June 1919 9011: 8996: 8949: 8934: 8890: 8874: 8803: 8799: 8784: 8735: 8709: 8702: 8661: 8576: 8495: 8488: 8443: 8402: 8361: 8320: 8279: 8272: 8201: 8197: 8182: 8138: 8092: 8075: 8004: 7940: 7734: 7666: 7645: 7641: 7626: 7605:1st Commonwealth Division 7592: 7516: 7460: 7439: 7398: 7394: 7383: 7324: 7316:Scottish, Welsh and Irish 7278: 7274: 7263: 7229: 7198: 7194: 7183: 6975:. West Midlands: Helion. 6559:McGreal, Stephen (2010). 6446:. London: HarperCollins. 6162:Doherty, Richard (2007). 4771:Tucker & Roberts 2005 4442:Tucker & Roberts 2005 3114:Cook & Stevenson 2005 2779: 2731:38th Divisional Signals, 2548: 2177: 1469:British Army of the Rhine 936:At 03:50 on 31 July, the 686:attacked the villages of 231:River, broke through the 125: 117: 107: 65: 55: 36: 25: 8639:67th (2nd Home Counties) 8609:61st (2nd South Midland) 8599:59th (2nd North Midland) 7008:University of Birmingham 6847:Simkins, Peter (2007) . 6752:Radley, Kenneth (2006). 6630:. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. 6181:Edmonds, J. E. (1993) . 6013:(2nd ed.). London: 6007:Bell, P. M. H. (1997) . 5952:, pp. 66, 306, 374. 5940:, pp. 66, 290, 305. 3718:, pp. 15–16 and 21. 3692:Scotland & Heys 2014 3504:, pp. 117, 120–121. 2945: 2797:East Lancashire Regiment 2774: 2543: 2475:Royal Army Medical Corps 2403:Royal Garrison Artillery 2297:(joined the division at 2295:Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry 2172: 2114:A. E. Robinson (acting) 1001:51st (Highland) Division 824:The Welsh at Mametz Wood 518:becoming the regiment's 206:Battle of Bazentin Ridge 8649:69th (2nd East Anglian) 8619:63rd (2nd Northumbrian) 7961:Durham and North Riding 6866:Simkins, Peter (2014). 6809:Robbins, Simon (2005). 6771:Rawson, Andrew (2014). 6714:Oldham, Peter (2000) . 6668:. Abingdon: Routledge. 6540:Lewis, Bernard (2004). 6499:Joslen, H. F. (2003) . 6348:Up to Mametz And Beyond 6279:French, David (2001) . 6238:Forty, George (2013) . 6051:Chappell, Mike (1986). 5520:Glover & Riley 2008 5483:, p. 189, 192–193. 4672:Glover & Riley 2008 3983:Glover & Riley 2008 2871:(Machine gun battalion) 2764:(Machine gun battalion) 2655:Somerset Light Infantry 2637:(until 11 October 1943) 2473:129th Field Ambulance, 2469:Medical and Veterinary 1859:61st Infantry divisions 1787:, the commando raid on 1434:divisions" akin to the 1375:outbreak of Spanish flu 1228:. During the fighting, 1202:ridge north of Albert. 1146:12th (Eastern) Division 1099:German spring offensive 1093:German Spring Offensive 1056:1st Portuguese Division 938:Battle of Pilckem Ridge 888:Battle of Passchendaele 720:163rd Infantry Regiment 621:mentioned in dispatches 578:19th (Western) Division 552:Battle of Albert (1916) 483:reviewed the troops at 439:with units training at 312:Treaty of London (1839) 308:Germany invaded Belgium 221:German spring offensive 213:Battle of Pilckem Ridge 8614:62nd (2nd West Riding) 8563:55th (West Lancashire) 8503:42nd (East Lancashire) 7887:55th (West Lancashire) 7822:42nd (East Lancashire) 6998:Cook, Mark N. (2006). 6930:Travers, Tim (2009) . 6911:Thacker, Toby (2014). 6813:. London: Frank Cass. 6628:Your Country Needs You 6344:Griffith, Llewelyn Wyn 6032:Bilton, David (2014). 5850:Lord & Watson 2003 3047:16th Airborne Division 2933:Welsh rugby union team 2823:114th Infantry Brigade 2816:211th Infantry Brigade 2790:113th Infantry Brigade 2733:Royal Corps of Signals 2623:115th Infantry Brigade 2592:114th Infantry Brigade 2571:Monmouthshire Regiment 2555:113th Infantry Brigade 1974:(Fired from position) 1894: 1850: 1781:Monmouthshire Regiment 1750:18th Infantry Division 1701:In May, Major-General 1690: 1687:Vickers Medium Mark II 1473:based in the Rhineland 1196:Hundred Days Offensive 1186:Hundred Days Offensive 1115:battle of annihilation 1109: 1077: 1050: 1016: 989:James Llewellyn Davies 985: 921: 859: 831: 787: 716:Lehr Infantry Regiment 711: 679:first day on the Somme 631: 514:, and then joined the 424: 352:On 19 September 1914, 335:parliamentary approval 299: 294:Recruiting poster for 286:Formation and training 225:Hundred Days Offensive 138:Hundred Days Offensive 8166:British Army in India 7006:thesis). Birmingham: 6689:. London: Hugh Rees. 6480:John, Steven (2009). 5815:. n.d. Archived from 3631:, pp. 21, 64–65. 3034:General Service Corps 2914:– poet and author of 2894:United Kingdom portal 2783:45th Infantry Brigade 2575:South Wales Borderers 2487:Army Veterinary Corps 2325:Royal Field Artillery 2246:South Wales Borderers 2185:Royal Welsh Fusiliers 1892: 1845: 1731:evacuated from France 1672: 1482:(later Edward VIII). 1286:William Allison White 1211:Ovillers-la-Boisselle 1184:Further information: 1097:Further information: 1072: 1048: 1014: 975: 919: 849: 822: 785: 709: 629: 550:Further information: 536:Minister of Munitions 421:Royal Welsh Fusiliers 418: 398:South Wales Borderers 394:Royal Welsh Fusiliers 378:Llewelyn Wyn Griffith 302:On 28 July 1914, the 293: 217:Third Battle of Ypres 215:, the opening of the 150:38th (Welsh) Division 134:Third Battle of Ypres 28:38th (Welsh) Division 8528:48th (South Midland) 8518:46th (North Midland) 8513:44th (Home Counties) 7897:59th (Staffordshire) 7852:48th (South Midland) 7832:44th (Home Counties) 7610:17th Gurkha Division 7564:44th (Home Counties) 7399:Administrative units 7279:Administrative units 7269:Post-Cold War period 7206:Guards and Parachute 7199:Administrative units 6577:Lt-Gen H.G. Martin, 5755:, Reserve Divisions. 3423:, pp. xvi–xvii. 3067:44th (Home Counties) 2924:Mametz Wood Memorial 2755:Royal Armoured Corps 2739:Reconnaissance Corps 2690:182nd Field Regiment 2680:(until 15 July 1942) 1652:. In April, limited 1600:international crisis 1254:Étricourt-Manancourt 1162:Australian artillery 1110:vernichtungsschlacht 947:3rd Reserve Division 828:Christopher Williams 524:member of parliament 306:began; on 4 August, 43:The First World War 8624:64th (2nd Highland) 8604:60th (2/2nd London) 8594:58th (2/1st London) 8568:56th (1/1st London) 8558:54th (East Anglian) 8538:50th (Northumbrian) 8523:47th (1/2nd London) 7882:54th (East Anglian) 7862:50th (Northumbrian) 7807:23rd (Northumbrian) 7569:50th (Northumbrian) 7132:on 22 December 2015 6896:. London: Cassell. 6716:The Hindenburg Line 6701:on 22 December 2019 6645:Miles, W. (1992) . 6624:Middlebrook, Martin 6128:. Oxon: Routledge. 6103:Conan Doyle, Arthur 5904:, pp. 66, 306. 5767:, pp. 65, 103. 5680:on 30 November 2015 5647:, pp. 130–131. 5613:Imperial War Museum 5403:Imperial War Museum 5163:, pp. 277–278. 5151:, pp. 258–275. 4444:, pp. 716–718. 4125:, pp. 173–174. 4029:, pp. 106–107. 3830:, pp. 101–102. 3531:, pp. 120–121. 3462:, pp. 137–138. 3305:, pp. 116–117. 3293:, pp. 118–119. 3071:50th (Northumbrian) 2907:Independent Company 2631:(until 4 July 1944) 2434:151st Field Company 2431:124th Field Company 2428:123rd Field Company 2268:on 6 February 1918) 2042:H. E. ap Rhys Pryce 1848:flag of Saint David 1760:– in the west – to 1634:Leslie Hore-Belisha 1607:Neville Chamberlain 1350:Battle of the Selle 1240:, Deville Wood and 911:hand-to-hand combat 654:. They then joined 648:Battle of the Somme 316:Expeditionary Force 269:in Normandy during 202:Battle of the Somme 130:Battle of the Somme 8669:63rd (Royal Naval) 8629:65th (2nd Lowland) 8533:49th (West Riding) 8130:82nd (West Africa) 8125:81st (West Africa) 8115:11th (East Africa) 7951:Devon and Cornwall 7943:"County Divisions" 7857:49th (West Riding) 7632:Second World War ( 7600:Artillery Division 7503:49th (West Riding) 7103:www.greatwar.co.uk 6950:Tucker, Spencer C. 6773:The Somme Campaign 6219:Farr, Don (2007). 5495:, pp. 39, 65. 4904:The London Gazette 4804:The London Gazette 4658:The London Gazette 4251:The London Gazette 4199:The London Gazette 4137:, pp. 24, 28. 3477:, pp. xvi, 7. 3051:49th (West Riding) 2841:Divisional Troops 2664:Divisional Troops 2507:Army Service Corps 2505:Divisional Train, 2401:38 Heavy Battery, 2075:18 September 1939 2040:Brigadier-General 1895: 1851: 1837:Operation Overlord 1801:Parachute Regiment 1719:North West England 1691: 1580:tensions increased 1578:During the 1930s, 1078: 1051: 1017: 982:Arthur Conan Doyle 971:Arthur Conan Doyle 922: 860: 832: 788: 744:Lieutenant General 712: 632: 582:Nord-Pas-de-Calais 425: 357:David Lloyd George 300: 271:Operation Overlord 190:David Lloyd George 9063: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9002:Napoleonic Wars ( 8992: 8991: 8930: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8790:Second Boer War ( 8780: 8779: 8776: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8657: 8656: 8584:45th (2nd Wessex) 8489:Territorial Force 8484: 8483: 8188:First World War ( 8178: 8177: 8174: 8173: 7622: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7554:42nd (Lancashire) 7421:Prince of Wales's 7379: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7332:1st (UK) Armoured 7301:Prince of Wales's 7259: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7175:Divisions of the 7034:978-1-84574-219-5 6982:978-1-874622-07-9 6963:978-1-85109-420-2 6941:978-1-84415-889-8 6922:978-1-4411-2163-9 6903:978-0-304-36649-1 6877:978-1-78159-312-7 6858:978-1-84415-585-9 6839:978-1-909384-42-2 6820:978-0-415-35006-8 6801:978-0-85052-664-6 6782:978-1-78303-051-4 6763:978-1-55125-100-4 6744:978-0-7190-2595-2 6725:978-0-85052-568-7 6675:978-0-415-20440-8 6656:978-0-901627-76-6 6637:978-0-85052-711-7 6615:978-0-297-85281-0 6596:978-0-85052-422-2 6570:978-1-84884-046-1 6551:978-1-84415-056-4 6532:978-0-7425-4537-3 6510:978-1-84342-474-1 6491:978-1-84884-077-5 6472:978-0-7190-1737-7 6453:978-0-00-713751-0 6422:978-1-58567-075-8 6376:978-0-8117-3383-0 6357:978-1-84884-353-0 6335:978-1-84415-653-5 6316:978-0-11-630181-9 6290:978-0-19-924630-4 6271:978-0-304-35233-3 6249:978-0-7509-5139-5 6230:978-1-874622-99-4 6211:978-1-921497-42-1 6192:978-0-89839-185-5 6173:978-1-84603-122-9 6154:978-0-85368-609-5 6135:978-0-415-34582-8 6043:978-1-78346-185-1 6024:978-0-582-30470-3 5999:978-1-871167-08-5 5980:978-0-300-17075-7 5701:, pp. 49–50. 5659:, pp. 48–51. 5471:, pp. 72–77. 5315:, pp. 65–66. 5240:, pp. 43–46. 5228:, pp. 41–42. 5127:Hibbard pp. 43-44 5076:, pp. 83–85. 5064:, pp. 61–64. 5052:, pp. 81–82. 5028:, pp. 78–79. 5016:, pp. 77–78. 5004:, pp. 76–77. 4968:, pp. 72–74. 4956:, pp. 71–73. 4920:, pp. 67–68. 4888:, pp. 66–70. 4788:, pp. 63–64. 4746:, pp. 60–61. 4722:, pp. 56–58. 4710:, pp. 55–56. 4698:, pp. 54–55. 4642:, pp. 52–53. 4627:, pp. 51–52. 4603:, pp. 50–51. 4591:, pp. 49–50. 4540:, pp. 46–47. 4516:, pp. 44–45. 4480:, pp. 40–41. 4468:, pp. 34–39. 4432:, pp. 32–33. 4420:, pp. 83–86. 4405:, pp. 31–32. 4390:, pp. 28–29. 4354:, pp. 26–28. 4342:, pp. 30–31. 4183:, pp. 24–25. 4101:, pp. 22–23. 4089:, pp. 71–72. 4053:, pp. 20–21. 3939:, pp. 18–19. 3806:, pp. 75–76. 3794:, pp. 60–67. 3706:, pp. 70–71. 3670:, pp. 41–69. 3595:, pp. 15–16. 3583:, pp. 14–15. 3546:, pp. 58–59. 3516:, pp. 61–62. 3411:, pp. 13–15. 3335:, pp. 7, 13. 3269:, pp. 81–86. 3257:, pp. 97–99. 3245:, pp. 80–81. 3188:, pp. 96–99. 3164:, pp. 41–42. 3152:, pp. 39–40. 3128:, pp. 38–39. 3059:42nd (Lancashire) 2931:– captain of the 2877: 2876: 2869:Cheshire Regiment 2770: 2769: 2762:Cheshire Regiment 2539: 2538: 2463:Machine Gun Corps 2201:Machine Gun Corps 2187:(1st North Wales) 2163: 2162: 2153:1 September 1944 2147:D. C. Butterworth 2119:15 November 1941 2059: 2058: 2029:22 November 1917 2021:17 November 1917 2006:Brigadier-General 1908:Lionel Howard Cox 1793:D. C. Butterworth 1744:and had moved to 1717:and was based in 1566: 1565: 1222:Bazentin le Petit 1135:Battle of the Lys 1105:Operation Michael 866:and relieved the 856:Charles Blackader 773:Charles Blackader 646:to train for the 556:Capture of Mametz 532:Brigadier-General 516:Pembroke Yeomanry 429:Saint David's Day 347:Territorial Force 323:Herbert Kitchener 296:Herbert Kitchener 182:Herbert Kitchener 174:Second World Wars 143: 142: 9123: 8998: 8997: 8936: 8935: 8801: 8800: 8786: 8785: 8707: 8706: 8644:68th (2nd Welsh) 8493: 8492: 8277: 8276: 8199: 8198: 8184: 8183: 8151:Beauman Division 7643: 7642: 7628: 7627: 7396: 7395: 7385: 7384: 7276: 7275: 7265: 7264: 7196: 7195: 7185: 7184: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7128:. Archived from 7113: 7111: 7109: 7087: 7038: 7019: 6986: 6967: 6945: 6926: 6907: 6895: 6881: 6862: 6843: 6824: 6805: 6786: 6767: 6748: 6729: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6697:. Archived from 6679: 6660: 6641: 6619: 6600: 6574: 6555: 6536: 6514: 6495: 6476: 6457: 6435: 6426: 6402: 6380: 6361: 6339: 6320: 6308: 6294: 6275: 6253: 6234: 6215: 6196: 6177: 6158: 6139: 6120: 6098: 6079:Butler, J. R. M. 6070: 6058: 6047: 6028: 6003: 5984: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5879: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5741: 5735: 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5676:. Archived from 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5605: 5596: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5573: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5508: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5466: 5460: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5434: 5426: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5341: 5335: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5125: 5110: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4874: 4868: 4857: 4856:, p. 65–66. 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4808: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4774: 4768: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4406: 4400: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4280: 4277:Conan Doyle 1919 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4221: 4215: 4204: 4203: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4167: 4164:Conan Doyle 1919 4161: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4001: 3995: 3986: 3980: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3940: 3934: 3925: 3919: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3873: 3867: 3858: 3852: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3769: 3761: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3532: 3526: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3463: 3457: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3386: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3321: 3315: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3243:Middlebrook 2000 3240: 3234: 3228: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3095: 3088: 3082: 3043: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 2997: 2991: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2968: 2961: 2929:Johnnie Williams 2896: 2891: 2890: 2889: 2772: 2771: 2560:15th Battalion, 2541: 2540: 2495:on 9 April 1917) 2461:38th Battalion, 2398:Heavy Artillery 2308:38th Divisional 2203:on 2 March 1918) 2170: 2169: 2166:Orders of battle 2108:7 November 1941 2097:28 October 1940 2064: 2063: 2015: 2002:22 October 1917 1965:19 January 1915 1954: 1953: 1785:Operation Biting 1677:, training near 1659:Second World War 1638:Territorial Army 1618:Munich Agreement 1609:met with German 1569:Second World War 1559: 1546: 1534: 1521: 1514: 1513: 1492:Military Crosses 1465:Aulnoye-Aymeries 1311:Villers-Outréaux 1250:Sailly-Saillisel 1192:Battle of Amiens 1167: 1112: 1060:Spring Offensive 1006:dressing station 983: 797:creeping barrage 736:and their flanks 419:Elements of the 256:Territorial Army 98: 96: 95: 86:Territorial Army 84: 73: 41: 23: 22: 9131: 9130: 9126: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9121: 9120: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9055: 9007: 8988: 8945: 8922: 8886: 8870: 8795: 8768: 8731: 8698: 8689:74th (Yeomanry) 8653: 8572: 8543:51st (Highland) 8480: 8439: 8398: 8357: 8338:17th (Northern) 8328:15th (Scottish) 8316: 8297:11th (Northern) 8268: 8193: 8170: 8134: 8088: 8071: 8000: 7936: 7867:51st (Highland) 7797:15th (Scottish) 7730: 7662: 7637: 7614: 7588: 7512: 7456: 7435: 7390: 7371: 7320: 7270: 7251: 7225: 7190: 7179: 7173: 7135: 7133: 7116: 7107: 7105: 7097: 7094: 7035: 6994: 6992:Further reading 6989: 6983: 6964: 6942: 6923: 6904: 6886:Sheffield, Gary 6878: 6859: 6840: 6821: 6802: 6783: 6764: 6745: 6726: 6704: 6702: 6676: 6657: 6638: 6616: 6597: 6571: 6552: 6533: 6511: 6492: 6473: 6454: 6440:Holmes, Richard 6423: 6377: 6358: 6336: 6317: 6291: 6272: 6250: 6231: 6212: 6193: 6174: 6155: 6136: 6067: 6044: 6025: 6000: 5981: 5961: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5936: 5932: 5924: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5877: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5836: 5832: 5822: 5820: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5792: 5783: 5775: 5771: 5763: 5759: 5751: 5744: 5736: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5709: 5705: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5655: 5651: 5643: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5607: 5606: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5580: 5578: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5542: 5538: 5530: 5526: 5518: 5511: 5503: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5467: 5463: 5455: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5383: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5359: 5344: 5336: 5319: 5311: 5307: 5299: 5295: 5287: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5263: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5188: 5179: 5171: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5139:, pp. 3–4. 5135: 5131: 5126: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5084: 5080: 5072: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5048: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5024: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5000: 4996: 4988: 4984: 4976: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4952: 4948: 4940: 4936: 4928: 4924: 4916: 4912: 4896: 4892: 4884: 4877: 4869: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4796: 4792: 4784: 4777: 4769: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4742: 4738: 4730: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4650: 4646: 4638: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4551: 4544: 4536: 4532: 4524: 4520: 4512: 4508: 4500: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4476: 4472: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4440: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4416: 4409: 4401: 4394: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4338: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4314: 4310: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4243: 4239: 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3132: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3108: 3099: 3098: 3089: 3085: 3044: 3040: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3009: 2998: 2994: 2988:a single minute 2984: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2867:5th Battalion, 2825: 2809:Border Regiment 2807:5th Battalion, 2801:5th Battalion, 2795:4th Battalion, 2792: 2760:5th Battalion, 2707:Royal Engineers 2670:Royal Artillery 2653:9th Battalion, 2625: 2608:2nd Battalion, 2597:5th Battalion, 2594: 2569:4th Battalion, 2557: 2423:Royal Engineers 2410:Trench Mortars 2310:Cyclist Company 2278:Mounted Troops 2168: 2124:A. A. B. Dowler 2011: 2009:E. W. Alexander 1996:C. G. Blackader 1949: 1943: 1887: 1829:21st Army Group 1821:Yorkshire Wolds 1707:Western Command 1696:Geoffrey Raikes 1667: 1576: 1571: 1508: 1506:Battle Insignia 1500:Military Medals 1480:Prince of Wales 1461: 1387:Forêt de Mormal 1282:Battle of Épehy 1278:Hindenburg Line 1188: 1182: 1165: 1101: 1095: 1043: 984: 981: 966:Royal Artillery 899:Rudolph Lambart 890: 884: 677:1 July was the 574:Guards Division 558: 548: 304:First World War 288: 283: 281:First World War 267:21st Army Group 233:Hindenburg Line 198:baptism by fire 176:. In 1914, the 152:(initially the 146: 136: 132: 102: 93: 91: 90: 88: 79: 77: 60: 51: 31: 29: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9129: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9012: 9009: 9008: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8950: 8947: 8946: 8932: 8931: 8928: 8927: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8884: 8878: 8876: 8872: 8871: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8807: 8805: 8797: 8796: 8782: 8781: 8778: 8777: 8774: 8773: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8750: 8745: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8713: 8711: 8704: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8580: 8578: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8548:52nd (Lowland) 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8499: 8497: 8490: 8486: 8485: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8447: 8445: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8406: 8404: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8365: 8363: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8350: 8348:19th (Western) 8345: 8343:18th (Eastern) 8340: 8335: 8330: 8324: 8322: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8314: 8309: 8307:13th (Western) 8304: 8302:12th (Eastern) 8299: 8294: 8289: 8287:9th (Scottish) 8283: 8281: 8274: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8205: 8203: 8195: 8194: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8110:11th (African) 8107: 8102: 8096: 8094: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8079: 8077: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8008: 8006: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7986:Northumberland 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7947: 7945: 7941:Anti-Invasion 7938: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7872:52nd (Lowland) 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7792:12th (Eastern) 7789: 7787:9th (Highland) 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7738: 7736: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7672: 7670: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7660: 7655: 7649: 7647: 7639: 7638: 7624: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7596: 7594: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7586: 7581: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7454: 7449: 7443: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7402: 7400: 7392: 7391: 7381: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7282: 7280: 7272: 7271: 7261: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7202: 7200: 7192: 7191: 7181: 7180: 7172: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7114: 7093: 7092:External links 7090: 7089: 7088: 7050:(3). Chicago: 7039: 7033: 7020: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6981: 6968: 6962: 6946: 6940: 6927: 6921: 6908: 6902: 6882: 6876: 6863: 6857: 6844: 6838: 6825: 6819: 6806: 6800: 6787: 6781: 6768: 6762: 6749: 6743: 6730: 6724: 6711: 6680: 6674: 6661: 6655: 6642: 6636: 6620: 6614: 6601: 6595: 6582: 6575: 6569: 6556: 6550: 6537: 6531: 6519:Levy, James P. 6515: 6509: 6496: 6490: 6477: 6471: 6458: 6452: 6436: 6427: 6421: 6407:Hesketh, Roger 6403: 6381: 6375: 6362: 6356: 6340: 6334: 6321: 6315: 6305:Grand Strategy 6295: 6289: 6276: 6270: 6254: 6248: 6235: 6229: 6216: 6210: 6197: 6191: 6178: 6172: 6159: 6153: 6140: 6134: 6121: 6099: 6075:Collier, Basil 6071: 6065: 6048: 6042: 6029: 6023: 6004: 5998: 5985: 5979: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5942: 5930: 5918: 5916:, p. 307. 5906: 5894: 5866: 5864:, p. 305. 5854: 5842: 5840:, p. 157. 5838:Messenger 1994 5830: 5819:on 16 May 2015 5798: 5781: 5779:, p. 107. 5769: 5757: 5742: 5740:, p. 246. 5727: 5725:, p. 216. 5715: 5713:, p. 122. 5711:Messenger 1994 5703: 5691: 5661: 5649: 5637: 5625: 5597: 5595:Martin, p. 21. 5588: 5560: 5558:, p. 293. 5548: 5536: 5534:, p. 188. 5524: 5522:, p. 175. 5509: 5507:, p. 229. 5497: 5485: 5473: 5461: 5449: 5416: 5389: 5387:, p. 219. 5377: 5365: 5342: 5317: 5305: 5293: 5281: 5269: 5265:Messenger 1994 5254: 5250:Messenger 1994 5242: 5230: 5218: 5206: 5204:, p. 323. 5194: 5192:, p. 518. 5177: 5175:, p. 281. 5165: 5153: 5141: 5129: 5111: 5109:Chappel pp 5-6 5102: 5090: 5078: 5066: 5054: 5042: 5030: 5018: 5006: 4994: 4982: 4980:, p. 199. 4970: 4958: 4946: 4934: 4922: 4910: 4890: 4875: 4873:, p. 186. 4858: 4846: 4834: 4822: 4820:, p. 162. 4810: 4790: 4775: 4773:, p. 395. 4760: 4748: 4736: 4724: 4712: 4700: 4688: 4676: 4674:, p. 158. 4664: 4644: 4629: 4617: 4605: 4593: 4581: 4569: 4565:Messenger 2008 4557: 4542: 4530: 4518: 4506: 4494: 4482: 4470: 4458: 4446: 4434: 4422: 4407: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4366:, p. 239. 4356: 4344: 4332: 4320: 4308: 4306:, p. 175. 4296: 4281: 4279:, p. 144. 4269: 4257: 4237: 4222: 4220:, p. 126. 4205: 4185: 4168: 4166:, p. 142. 4151: 4149:, p. 173. 4139: 4127: 4115: 4103: 4091: 4079: 4067: 4055: 4043: 4041:, p. 124. 4031: 4019: 4002: 3987: 3985:, p. 131. 3972: 3970:, p. 106. 3960: 3941: 3926: 3924:, p. 104. 3909: 3907:, p. 103. 3897: 3874: 3872:, p. 102. 3859: 3857:, p. 167. 3844: 3842:, p. 121. 3832: 3820: 3818:, p. 101. 3808: 3796: 3784: 3749: 3737: 3720: 3708: 3696: 3684: 3672: 3668:Sheffield 2007 3660: 3648: 3633: 3629:Sheffield 2007 3621: 3619:, p. 118. 3609: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3548: 3533: 3518: 3506: 3491: 3479: 3464: 3449: 3447:, p. 315. 3437: 3435:, p. 377. 3425: 3413: 3401: 3364: 3362:, p. 104. 3349: 3347:, p. 442. 3337: 3322: 3320:, p. 120. 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3247: 3235: 3233:, p. xvi. 3214: 3202: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3142: 3130: 3118: 3116:, p. 121. 3105: 3097: 3096: 3083: 3038: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2992: 2978: 2969: 2955: 2954: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2942: 2936: 2926: 2921: 2917:In Parenthesis 2909: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2872: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2821:Main article: 2812: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2788:Main article: 2777: 2776: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2765: 2758: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2675: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2651: 2648: 2638: 2632: 2621:Main article: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2601: 2590:Main article: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2567: 2564: 2562:Welch Regiment 2553:Main article: 2546: 2545: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2503: 2502: 2496: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2467: 2466: 2459: 2449: 2448: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2396: 2395: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2318: 2317: 2306: 2289:Section and D 2276: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2258: 2255: 2249: 2242: 2237:115th Brigade 2235: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216:Welsh Regiment 2210:114th Brigade 2208: 2207: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2179:113th Brigade 2175: 2174: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2156:Major-General 2154: 2150: 2149: 2145:Major-General 2143: 2142:23 April 1942 2139: 2138: 2135:A. E. Robinson 2131: 2127: 2126: 2122:Major-General 2120: 2116: 2115: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2102:N. M. S. Irwin 2100:Major-General 2098: 2094: 2093: 2091:A. E. Williams 2089:Major-General 2087: 2083: 2082: 2078:Major-General 2076: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2057: 2056: 2052:Major-General 2050: 2046: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1994:Major-General 1992: 1988: 1987: 1982:Major-General 1980: 1976: 1975: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1942: 1939: 1921:, platoon and 1886: 1883: 1813:Northumberland 1703:A. E. Williams 1694:Major-General 1666: 1663: 1604:Prime Minister 1588:United Kingdom 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1507: 1504: 1460: 1457: 1431:Gary Sheffield 1207:Beaumont-Hamel 1181: 1178: 1094: 1091: 1042: 1039: 993:Victoria Cross 979: 951:111th Division 886:Main article: 883: 880: 872:Bazentin Ridge 602:Neuve Chapelle 547: 544: 473:trench warfare 461:basic training 402:Welsh Regiment 400:(SWB) and the 390:115th Brigades 325:was appointed 287: 284: 282: 279: 144: 141: 140: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 45:shoulder patch 42: 34: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9128: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9013: 9010: 9005: 8999: 8995: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8948: 8943: 8940:Crimean War ( 8937: 8933: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8873: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8793: 8787: 8783: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8734: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8660: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8508:43rd (Wessex) 8506: 8504: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8494: 8491: 8487: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8451:36th (Ulster) 8449: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8401: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8360: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8319: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8275: 8271: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8191: 8185: 8181: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8156:Royal Marines 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8137: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8105:2nd (African) 8103: 8101: 8100:1st (African) 8098: 8097: 8095: 8091: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005:Anti-Aircraft 8003: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7939: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7892:56th (London) 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7847:47th (London) 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7827:43rd (Wessex) 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7733: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7665: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7635: 7629: 7625: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7591: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7559:43rd (Wessex) 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7508:56th (London) 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7459: 7453: 7452:16th Airborne 7450: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7386: 7382: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7266: 7262: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7170: 7165: 7163: 7158: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7131: 7127: 7125: 7119: 7115: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7026: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6995: 6984: 6978: 6974: 6969: 6965: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6937: 6933: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6914: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6869: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6850: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6831: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6812: 6807: 6803: 6797: 6793: 6788: 6784: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6755: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6736: 6731: 6727: 6721: 6717: 6712: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6681: 6677: 6671: 6667: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6648: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6588: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6562: 6557: 6553: 6547: 6543: 6538: 6534: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6464: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6385:Harvey, David 6382: 6378: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6359: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6331: 6327: 6322: 6318: 6312: 6307: 6306: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6282: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6258:Fraser, David 6255: 6251: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6213: 6207: 6203: 6198: 6194: 6188: 6184: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6165: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6146: 6141: 6137: 6131: 6127: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6066:9780850457278 6062: 6057: 6056: 6049: 6045: 6039: 6035: 6030: 6026: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5967:Allport, Alan 5964: 5963: 5951: 5946: 5939: 5934: 5927: 5922: 5915: 5910: 5903: 5898: 5883: 5876: 5870: 5863: 5858: 5852:, p. 89. 5851: 5846: 5839: 5834: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5802: 5796:, p. 68. 5795: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5778: 5773: 5766: 5761: 5754: 5749: 5747: 5739: 5734: 5732: 5724: 5719: 5712: 5707: 5700: 5695: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5641: 5635:, p. 52. 5634: 5629: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5602: 5592: 5577: 5570: 5564: 5557: 5552: 5546:, p. 65. 5545: 5540: 5533: 5528: 5521: 5516: 5514: 5506: 5501: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5477: 5470: 5465: 5458: 5453: 5438: 5431: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5386: 5381: 5375:, p. 85. 5374: 5369: 5363:, p. 66. 5362: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5340:, p. 65. 5339: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5314: 5309: 5303:, p. 66. 5302: 5297: 5291:, p. 48. 5290: 5285: 5279:, p. 64. 5278: 5273: 5267:, p. 49. 5266: 5261: 5259: 5252:, p. 47. 5251: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5227: 5222: 5216:, p. 53. 5215: 5210: 5203: 5198: 5191: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5174: 5169: 5162: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5138: 5133: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5106: 5100:, p. 85. 5099: 5094: 5088:, p. 86. 5087: 5082: 5075: 5070: 5063: 5058: 5051: 5046: 5040:, p. 80. 5039: 5034: 5027: 5022: 5015: 5010: 5003: 4998: 4992:, p. 75. 4991: 4986: 4979: 4974: 4967: 4962: 4955: 4950: 4944:, p. 66. 4943: 4938: 4932:, p. 70. 4931: 4926: 4919: 4914: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4894: 4887: 4882: 4880: 4872: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4855: 4850: 4844:, p. 65. 4843: 4838: 4832:, p. 64. 4831: 4826: 4819: 4814: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4794: 4787: 4782: 4780: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4758:, p. 62. 4757: 4752: 4745: 4740: 4734:, p. 59. 4733: 4728: 4721: 4716: 4709: 4704: 4697: 4692: 4686:, p. 53. 4685: 4680: 4673: 4668: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4648: 4641: 4636: 4634: 4626: 4621: 4615:, p. 51. 4614: 4609: 4602: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4579:, p. 49. 4578: 4573: 4567:, p. xx. 4566: 4561: 4555:, p. 48. 4554: 4549: 4547: 4539: 4534: 4528:, p. 45. 4527: 4522: 4515: 4510: 4504:, p. 43. 4503: 4498: 4492:, p. 42. 4491: 4486: 4479: 4474: 4467: 4462: 4456:, p. 40. 4455: 4450: 4443: 4438: 4431: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4412: 4404: 4399: 4397: 4389: 4384: 4378:, p. 26. 4377: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4353: 4348: 4341: 4336: 4330:, p. 30. 4329: 4324: 4318:, p. 29. 4317: 4312: 4305: 4300: 4294:, p. 27. 4293: 4288: 4286: 4278: 4273: 4267:, p. 28. 4266: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4247: 4241: 4235:, p. 26. 4234: 4229: 4227: 4219: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4189: 4182: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4148: 4143: 4136: 4131: 4124: 4119: 4113:, p. 22. 4112: 4107: 4100: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4071: 4065:, p. 21. 4064: 4059: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4039:Griffith 2010 4035: 4028: 4023: 4017:, p. 81. 4016: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4000:, p. 75. 3999: 3994: 3992: 3984: 3979: 3977: 3969: 3964: 3958:, p. 19. 3957: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3923: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3906: 3901: 3895:, p. 18. 3894: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3871: 3866: 3864: 3856: 3851: 3849: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3788: 3773: 3766: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3747:, p. 61. 3746: 3741: 3735:, p. 17. 3734: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3717: 3712: 3705: 3700: 3694:, p. 46. 3693: 3688: 3681: 3676: 3669: 3664: 3658:, p. 68. 3657: 3652: 3646:, p. 16. 3645: 3640: 3638: 3630: 3625: 3618: 3617:Griffith 2010 3613: 3607:, p. 66. 3606: 3601: 3594: 3589: 3582: 3577: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3545: 3540: 3538: 3530: 3525: 3523: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3498: 3496: 3489:, p. 14. 3488: 3483: 3476: 3475:Griffith 2010 3471: 3469: 3461: 3456: 3454: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3421:Griffith 2010 3417: 3410: 3405: 3390: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3346: 3341: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3304: 3299: 3292: 3287: 3281:, p. 99. 3280: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3232: 3231:Griffith 2010 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3211: 3206: 3200:, p. 20. 3199: 3194: 3187: 3182: 3176:, p. 96. 3175: 3170: 3163: 3158: 3151: 3146: 3140:, p. 35. 3139: 3134: 3127: 3122: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3093: 3087: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3063:43rd (Wessex) 3060: 3056: 3055:56th (London) 3052: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3029: 3020: 3011: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2973: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2884: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2810: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2778: 2773: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2619: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2525:333rd Company 2524: 2521: 2517: 2515:331st Company 2514: 2512:330th Company 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2361:CXXI Brigade 2360: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2336:January 1915) 2335: 2331: 2330: 2329:CXIX Brigade 2328: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2266:33rd Division 2263: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2159: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2130:8 April 1942 2129: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1991:12 July 1916 1990: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1969:Major-General 1967: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1891: 1882: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1809:Hertfordshire 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769:Arthur Dowler 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1662: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1486:bestowed: 86 1483: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1456: 1454: 1453:combined arms 1450: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1383:Englefontaine 1380: 1379:Croix-Caluyau 1376: 1370: 1367: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1323:Jack Williams 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1259: 1258:Canal du Nord 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1180:Final battles 1177: 1175: 1174:Thomas Cubitt 1170: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1139:25th Division 1136: 1132: 1131:34th Division 1128: 1124: 1123:47th (London) 1120: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1083:33rd Division 1076: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1047: 1038: 1036: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1002: 996: 994: 990: 978: 974: 972: 967: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 939: 934: 932: 928: 927:29th Division 918: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 895: 894:Ypres Salient 889: 882:Ypres Salient 879: 877: 873: 869: 865: 857: 853: 848: 844: 842: 838: 837:friendly fire 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 810: 805: 802: 798: 793: 784: 780: 778: 777:Herbert Watts 774: 768: 766: 762: 759: 754: 752: 748: 745: 739: 737: 733: 728: 723: 721: 717: 708: 704: 701: 700:21st Division 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 660:Fourth Armies 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 628: 624: 622: 618: 614: 613:no man's land 610: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 557: 553: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 528:Liberal Party 525: 521: 517: 513: 510:in 1903 as a 509: 503: 501: 497: 493: 488: 486: 482: 481:Princess Mary 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 433:31st Division 430: 422: 417: 413: 410: 409:Ivor Philipps 407: 406:Major-General 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 362:Monmouthshire 358: 355: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 321:On 5 August, 319: 317: 313: 309: 305: 297: 292: 278: 276: 272: 268: 263: 261: 257: 253: 249: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 209: 207: 203: 199: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160:and then the 159: 155: 154:43rd Division 151: 145:Military unit 139: 135: 131: 128: 124: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 101: 87: 83: 76: 72: 68: 64: 58: 54: 50: 46: 40: 35: 26:43rd Division 24: 21: 19: 8553:53rd (Welsh) 8461:38th (Welsh) 8460: 8444:5th New Army 8403:4th New Army 8362:3rd New Army 8353:20th (Light) 8333:16th (Irish) 8321:2nd New Army 8312:14th (Light) 8292:10th (Irish) 8280:1st New Army 8202:Regular Army 7976:Lincolnshire 7877:53rd (Welsh) 7817:38th (Welsh) 7816: 7658:6th Airborne 7653:1st Airborne 7584:53rd (Welsh) 7447:6th Airborne 7325:Combat units 7230:Combat units 7177:British Army 7134:. Retrieved 7130:the original 7121: 7106:. Retrieved 7102: 7047: 7043: 7024: 6999: 6972: 6953: 6931: 6912: 6891: 6867: 6848: 6829: 6810: 6791: 6772: 6753: 6734: 6715: 6705:25 September 6703:. Retrieved 6699:the original 6685: 6665: 6646: 6627: 6605: 6586: 6578: 6560: 6542:Swansea Pals 6541: 6522: 6500: 6481: 6462: 6443: 6431: 6411: 6389: 6366: 6347: 6325: 6304: 6280: 6261: 6239: 6220: 6201: 6182: 6163: 6144: 6125: 6107: 6082: 6054: 6033: 6009: 5989: 5970: 5945: 5933: 5928:, p. 4. 5926:Doherty 2007 5921: 5909: 5897: 5885:. Retrieved 5881: 5869: 5857: 5845: 5833: 5821:. Retrieved 5817:the original 5810: 5801: 5772: 5760: 5738:Hesketh 2000 5723:Allport 2015 5718: 5706: 5694: 5682:. Retrieved 5678:the original 5673: 5664: 5652: 5640: 5628: 5616:. Retrieved 5612: 5591: 5579:. Retrieved 5575: 5563: 5556:Collier 1957 5551: 5539: 5527: 5505:Collier 1957 5500: 5488: 5476: 5464: 5452: 5440:. Retrieved 5436: 5407:. Retrieved 5401: 5392: 5385:Collier 1957 5380: 5373:Collier 1957 5368: 5308: 5296: 5284: 5272: 5245: 5238:Simkins 2007 5233: 5221: 5209: 5202:Allport 2015 5197: 5168: 5156: 5144: 5132: 5105: 5093: 5081: 5069: 5057: 5045: 5033: 5021: 5009: 4997: 4985: 4973: 4961: 4949: 4937: 4925: 4913: 4902: 4893: 4849: 4837: 4825: 4813: 4802: 4793: 4751: 4739: 4727: 4715: 4703: 4691: 4679: 4667: 4656: 4647: 4620: 4608: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4560: 4533: 4521: 4509: 4497: 4485: 4473: 4461: 4449: 4437: 4425: 4383: 4371: 4359: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4311: 4304:Thacker 2014 4299: 4272: 4260: 4249: 4240: 4197: 4188: 4147:Thacker 2014 4142: 4130: 4123:Thacker 2014 4118: 4106: 4094: 4087:McGreal 2010 4082: 4077:, p. 8. 4070: 4058: 4046: 4034: 4022: 3963: 3900: 3855:Travers 2009 3835: 3823: 3811: 3804:Renshaw 2011 3799: 3792:Renshaw 2011 3787: 3775:. Retrieved 3771: 3745:Renshaw 2011 3740: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3680:Edmonds 1993 3675: 3663: 3651: 3624: 3612: 3600: 3588: 3576: 3564:. Retrieved 3560: 3551: 3544:Robbins 2005 3514:Simkins 2014 3509: 3482: 3460:Thacker 2014 3440: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3392:. Retrieved 3388: 3360:Thacker 2014 3340: 3298: 3286: 3279:Simkins 2007 3274: 3262: 3255:Simkins 2007 3250: 3238: 3212:, p. 1. 3205: 3193: 3186:Simkins 2007 3181: 3174:Simkins 2007 3169: 3162:Simkins 2007 3157: 3150:Simkins 2007 3145: 3138:Simkins 2007 3133: 3126:Simkins 2007 3121: 3109: 3101: 3100: 3086: 3041: 3028: 3019: 3010: 2995: 2981: 2972: 2964: 2959: 2950: 2949: 2915: 2840: 2813: 2780: 2663: 2617: 2586: 2549: 2528: 2504: 2499: 2468: 2450: 2440: 2421: 2347:CXX Brigade 2319: 2277: 2262:19th Brigade 2236: 2209: 2178: 2086:11 May 1940 2080:G. T. Raikes 2060: 2054:T. A. Cubitt 2049:23 May 1918 2037:20 May 1918 2016:(temporary) 1986:(temporary) 1979:9 July 1916 1950: 1931: 1912: 1896: 1875: 1852: 1783:, supported 1766: 1758:Bognor Regis 1739: 1723: 1711:River Severn 1700: 1692: 1654:conscription 1646:TA divisions 1631: 1614:Adolf Hitler 1577: 1509: 1498:, and 1,150 1484: 1462: 1455:operations. 1428: 1412: 1371: 1362: 1337: 1315: 1291: 1266:Gouzeaucourt 1263: 1215: 1204: 1189: 1171: 1158:Ancre valley 1143: 1102: 1087: 1079: 1052: 1031: 1027: 1018: 997: 986: 976: 963: 935: 923: 891: 876:Price-Davies 861: 841:flamethrower 833: 814: 806: 801:smoke screen 790:The initial 789: 769: 761:Douglas Haig 755: 740: 724: 713: 696:7th Division 676: 664:Reserve Army 652:Somme valley 633: 609:Goronwy Owen 559: 504: 489: 485:Crawley Down 426: 351: 343:Army Council 339:British Army 320: 301: 264: 245: 210: 194: 166:British Army 161: 157: 156:, later the 153: 149: 147: 100:British Army 20: 18: 8755:(later 3rd) 8146:1st Cavalry 7991:West Sussex 7124:Royal Welsh 6792:Mametz Wood 6299:Gibbs, N.H. 5950:Joslen 2003 5938:Joslen 2003 5914:Joslen 2003 5902:Joslen 2003 5862:Joslen 2003 5794:French 2001 5765:Joslen 2003 5645:Joslen 2003 5532:French 2001 5493:Joslen 2003 5481:French 2001 5469:Fraser 1999 5361:Joslen 2003 5338:Joslen 2003 5313:Joslen 2003 5277:French 2001 5214:French 2001 4899:"No. 31067" 4871:Oldham 2000 4818:Harvey 1999 4799:"No. 31012" 4653:"No. 31012" 4364:Morrow 2005 4246:"No. 30284" 4194:"No. 30272" 3998:Rawson 2014 3840:Hughes 1985 3777:12 December 3529:Hughes 1985 3502:Hughes 1985 3445:Radley 2006 3433:Holmes 2004 3394:12 December 3345:Bilton 2014 3318:Hughes 1985 3303:Hughes 1985 3291:Hughes 1985 2912:David Jones 2452:Machine Gun 2248:(1st Gwent) 1984:H. E. Watts 1972:I. Philipps 1867:Home Forces 1762:Beachy Head 1596:Sudetenland 1354:Troisvilles 1309:line) near 1230:Henry Weale 1150:Bouzincourt 1035:Armentières 991:earned the 964:Due to the 931:mustard gas 792:bombardment 747:Henry Horne 732:machine gun 617:barbed wire 508:Indian Army 492:Southampton 457:Abergavenny 437:North Wales 396:(RWF), the 331:war cabinet 298:'s New Army 126:Engagements 103:(1944–1945) 89:(1939–1944) 78:(1914–1919) 9070:Categories 8161:Y Division 8120:12th (SDF) 7580:(Scottish) 7136:6 December 5959:References 5887:6 December 5777:Davis 1983 5753:Forty 2013 5684:6 December 5618:6 December 5581:6 December 5544:Perry 1988 5457:Gibbs 1976 5442:6 December 5409:6 December 5289:Perry 1988 5226:Perry 1988 5190:Gibbs 1976 5098:Munby 1920 5086:Munby 1920 5074:Munby 1920 5062:Ekins 2010 5050:Munby 1920 5038:Munby 1920 5026:Munby 1920 5014:Munby 1920 5002:Munby 1920 4990:Munby 1920 4966:Munby 1920 4954:Munby 1920 4942:Munby 1920 4930:Munby 1920 4918:Munby 1920 4886:Munby 1920 4854:Munby 1920 4842:Munby 1920 4830:Munby 1920 4786:Munby 1920 4756:Munby 1920 4744:Munby 1920 4732:Munby 1920 4720:Munby 1920 4708:Munby 1920 4696:Munby 1920 4684:Munby 1920 4640:Munby 1920 4625:Munby 1920 4613:Munby 1920 4601:Munby 1920 4589:Munby 1920 4577:Munby 1920 4553:Munby 1920 4538:Munby 1920 4526:Munby 1920 4514:Munby 1920 4502:Munby 1920 4490:Munby 1920 4478:Munby 1920 4466:Munby 1920 4454:Munby 1920 4430:Munby 1920 4418:Becke 1945 4403:Munby 1920 4388:Perry 1988 4376:Perry 1988 4352:Perry 1988 4340:Munby 1920 4328:Munby 1920 4316:Munby 1920 4292:Munby 1920 4265:Munby 1920 4233:Munby 1920 4181:Munby 1920 4135:Munby 1920 4111:Munby 1920 4099:Munby 1920 4075:Lewis 2004 4063:Munby 1920 4051:Munby 1920 4015:Becke 1945 3956:Munby 1920 3937:Munby 1920 3893:Munby 1920 3733:Munby 1920 3716:Miles 1992 3644:Munby 1920 3593:Munby 1920 3581:Munby 1920 3487:Munby 1920 3409:Munby 1920 3333:Munby 1920 3267:Becke 1945 3210:Munby 1920 2493:VIII Corps 2379:) Brigade 2299:Winchester 2133:Brigadier 2067:Appointed 1957:Appointed 1945:See also: 1900:War Office 1825:VIII Corps 1735:Noel Irwin 1729:(BEF) was 1683:Matilda II 1640:(TA), the 1611:Chancellor 1574:Background 1436:Australian 1429:Historian 1404:Berliamont 1335:advance". 1307:Beaurevoir 1295:Le Catelet 1166:85 Germans 864:Gommecourt 727:battalions 644:Third Army 640:XVII Corps 477:Queen Mary 469:Winchester 445:Colwyn Bay 374:Manchester 49:red dragon 8076:Deception 7996:Yorkshire 7971:Hampshire 7108:1 January 7084:163973500 7068:0006-128X 7016:911157002 6892:The Somme 6695:495191912 6561:Boesinghe 6260:(1999) . 5699:Hart 2007 5657:Hart 2007 5633:Hart 2007 5301:Levy 2006 5173:Bell 1997 5161:Bell 1997 5149:Bell 1997 5137:Bell 1997 4978:John 2009 4218:John 2009 4027:Farr 2007 3968:Farr 2007 3922:Farr 2007 3905:Farr 2007 3870:Farr 2007 3828:Farr 2007 3816:Farr 2007 3704:John 2009 3656:John 2009 3605:John 2009 3566:24 August 3198:John 2009 3102:Citations 3092:squadrons 2951:Footnotes 2334:Porthcawl 2303:III Corps 2301:, joined 2158:L. H. Cox 2137:(acting) 2112:Brigadier 2044:(acting) 1817:XII Corps 1715:III Corps 1679:Liverpool 1447:and high 1419:Dimechaux 1400:Tete Noir 1303:Masnières 1274:Trescault 1234:Lewis Gun 1226:Longueval 1075:Houplines 1064:River Lys 1022:Ivor Rees 955:pillboxes 903:XIV Corps 594:La Gorgue 586:Festubert 540:seniority 449:Llandudno 366:Liverpool 164:) of the 61:1939–1945 8979:Highland 8866:Colonial 8804:Infantry 8764:Yeomanry 8577:2nd Line 8496:1st Line 8273:New Army 7735:Infantry 7668:Armoured 7646:Airborne 7517:Infantry 7461:Armoured 7440:Airborne 7431:Scottish 7389:Cold War 7311:Scottish 7076:24302701 6888:(2007). 6626:(2000). 6521:(2006). 6442:(2004). 6409:(2000). 6399:59437300 6387:(1999). 6301:(1976). 6117:35117509 6105:(1919). 6077:(1957). 5969:(2015). 5823:13 April 3053:and the 2939:Hedd Wyn 2880:See also 2520:New Army 2442:Pioneers 2377:Howitzer 2314:XI Corps 2291:Squadron 1927:exercise 1885:Training 1833:Normandy 1789:Bruneval 1742:IV Corps 1590:and its 1586:and the 1582:between 1459:Epilogue 1445:doctrine 1440:Canadian 1415:Dourlers 1396:Sarbaras 1391:orchards 1242:Lesbœufs 1200:Thiepval 1121:and the 980:— 852:George V 809:bayonets 688:Fricourt 684:XV Corps 656:II Corps 598:Laventie 590:Givenchy 570:grenades 562:XI Corps 500:Larkhill 496:Le Havre 441:Pwllheli 250:and its 186:New Army 178:division 112:Infantry 75:New Army 8974:Cavalry 8891:Mounted 8882:Cavalry 8875:Cavalry 8736:Mounted 8710:Cavalry 8703:Cavalry 8093:African 7981:Norfolk 7426:Queen's 7306:Queen's 7216:Queen's 7004:M.Phil. 6081:(ed.). 6015:Pearson 2965:British 2529:Others 2375:CXXII ( 1923:company 1919:section 1799:to the 1773:V Corps 1642:reserve 1584:Germany 1423:Hestrud 1328:Prémont 959:bunkers 907:redoubt 765:officer 758:General 751:platoon 668:Bapaume 642:of the 606:Captain 520:Colonel 465:drilled 463:, were 248:Germany 8209:Guards 7956:Dorset 7742:Guards 7676:Guards 7411:King's 7406:Guards 7291:King's 7286:Guards 7189:Active 7082: 7074: 7066: 7031: 7014: 6979: 6960: 6938: 6919: 6900: 6874: 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38th (Welsh) Infantry Division

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