565:, the 36th Battalion took part in the Australian campaign of containment against the much larger Japanese forces that were in existence on the island at the time. In doing so, the battalion made a name for itself carrying out numerous long-range patrols and amphibious landings, becoming known as "Ike's Marines". In June 1945, after seven months on New Britain, the 36th Battalion was relieved and brought back to Australia in June 1945. It was disbanded in August 1945. Throughout its service during the war, the battalion lost 77 killed in action or died on active service, and 126 wounded. Members of the 36th Battalion received the following decorations: one Distinguished Service Order and 14 Mentions in Despatches. Four battle honours were awarded to the 36th Battalion for its involvement in the war in 1961.
31:
57:
172:
505:. The 16th Brigade had been unable to capture Sanananda initially and so between 19 December and 26 December 1942, the 30th Brigade launched further attacks against the Japanese defences at Sanananda. These too failed, however, and the 36th was transferred from action after being reduced in strength to just 16 officers and 272 men in a fortnight. After only a brief respite, in January 1943 the battalion moved up to the
477:, however, as the Japanese moved further towards Port Moresby, the 36th Battalion was sent to Koitaki in September 1942 in anticipation of going into action. When the Japanese reached Nauro the battalion was sent in as a blocking force, and they patrolled the area along the track that ran south to Subitana for about week before they were moved north to Uberi where they relieved the
323:
the war dragged on and casualties mounted. The refusal of the
Australian public to institute conscription had made this situation even worse, and in late 1918 it became clear that the AIF could not maintain the number of units it had deployed in France and it was decided to disband three battalions—the 36th,
214:, attached to the 3rd Division. Due to heavy casualties amongst the AIF and a decrease in the number of replacements arriving from Australia in 1918, the battalion was disbanded before the war ended in order to reinforce other units in France. The 36th Battalion was re-raised in 1921 as part of the
322:
This was to be the 36th
Battalion's last contribution to the war, as it was disbanded on 30 April 1918 in order to reinforce other 9th Brigade units. The earlier campaigns had severely depleted the AIF in France and since 1916 the flow of reinforcements from Australia had slowly been decreasing as
302:
on 12 October 1917. During this battle, the battalion managed to secure its objective, however, as other units had not been able to do so, the battalion had had to withdraw as its flanks were exposed to German counter-attacks and there was a lack of effective artillery support. For the next five
412:
meant that the manpower of many
Militia units dropped considerably and as a result the decision was made to amalgamate a number of units, The 36th Battalion, however, was relatively lucky in that it was not affected by this decision, even though it too suffered from manpower shortages. Notable
395:
in 1925, and two years later, when territorial titles were adopted in the
Militia, the battalion assumed the title "36th Battalion (St George's English Rifle Regiment)". At the same time, the battalion adopted the motto of "St George for Merrie England". In 1929, following the election of the
407:
was abolished and in its place a new system was introduced whereby the
Citizens Forces would be maintained on a part-time, voluntary basis only. It was also renamed the "Militia" at this time. The decision to suspend compulsory training, coupled with the economic downturn of the
303:
months the 36th
Battalion alternated between periods of duty manning the line and training or labouring in the rear areas in Belgium, before it was moved south to the Somme to help blunt the German advance during their last-ditch effort to win the war as part of the
375:
along AIF lines, with previously existing part-time units adopting the designations of the AIF units that had been recruited in their locations. As a part of this reorganisation the 36th
Battalion was re-raised as a part-time Citizens Force unit based at
513:
and to carry out patrols along the Amboga River. In March, the 36th
Battalion was withdrawn from the line and returned to Australia for rest and training. At this time, they received a large batch of reinforcements from the
485:
Battalions, before returning to Port
Moresby on 9 October 1942. Around this time, the battalion's machine gun company was detached and in conjunction with several other Militia machine gun companies, it was used to form the
437:, the battalion was called up for a month of continuous service and recruitment was stepped up as national servicemen were used to fill the ranks. During 1940–41, training camps were conducted around New South Wales at
384:. As a result, the new battalion received battle honours from both of these previously existing units. Upon re-establishment, the battalion was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Stevens, who had commanded the
291:. Arriving in early July 1916, the battalion spent the next four months in training, before taking up a position on the Western Front on 4 December 1916, in time to sit out an uncomfortable winter in the trenches.
518:
which had fought alongside them around
Sanananda, and in July 1943 they had returned to New Guinea, where for the next fifteen months they would be moved around the island, stationed in Port Moresby,
294:
Over the course of the next six months the 36th Battalion was mainly involved in only minor defensive actions and it was not until 7 June 1917 the battalion fought in its first major battle, at
747:
The battalion inherited the battle honour of "South Africa 1901–02" from the 7th Volunteer Infantry Regiment (St George's Rifles), which sent a contingent of 75 men to South Africa during the
1828:
1868:
1838:
331:—in order to reinforce others. During its service, the battalion suffered 452 killed and 1,253 wounded. Members of the battalion received the following decorations: one
1863:
1833:
1858:
371:
In 1921, the decision was made to perpetuate the battle honours and traditions of the AIF battalions that had served during World War I by reorganising the
234:
where they undertook operations against the Japanese. In June 1945 they were returned to Australia and shortly afterwards the battalion was disbanded.
714:
709:
738:
During World War I the standard size of an Australian infantry battalion was 1,023 men. Later, during World War II it was between 800 and 900 men.
1848:
1823:
1818:
684:
352:
380:, on 31 March 1921, based upon the 7th Infantry Regiment (St George's English Rifle Regiment), which had previously served during the
1853:
1172:
610:
493:
Despite being withdrawn back to Port Moresby the campaign continued and late in December, the 36th Battalion, now part of the
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1133:
1111:
487:
794:
1092:
316:
35:
Members of the 36th Battalion are addressed by their commanding officer on a troopship en route to New Ireland in 1944
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1216:
1197:
1073:
1797:
510:
473:. In Port Moresby, the battalion was initially employed in a garrison role, conducting long-range patrols in the
256:
199:
1843:
388:
during the war at Gallipoli and on the Western Front. He would remain in command of the battalion until 1926.
1239:
482:
478:
248:
674:
461:
in order to defend against a possible invasion of the area. In May 1942, as the Japanese began to threat
392:
340:
332:
207:
113:
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1704:
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1605:
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1573:
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1546:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1494:
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1479:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1163:
Morgan, Joseph (2019). "They Also Served: The 6th and 7th Machine Gun Battalions During World War II".
554:
550:
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454:
328:
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272:
268:
264:
252:
1318:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1279:
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646:
592:
446:
421:, who would both go on to hold positions of higher command during World War II. An alliance with the
404:
385:
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1627:
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1533:
1501:
1474:
1439:
1345:
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458:
280:
223:
30:
1635:
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1313:
1286:
1259:
688:
666:
546:
422:
372:
356:
304:
299:
276:
215:
211:
263:. The bulk of the battalion's recruits came from New South Wales rifle clubs and along with the
226:
and was initially used in a defensive role as a garrison unit in Australia before being sent to
662:
654:
523:
506:
400:
315:, taking part in a counter-attack at Hangard Wood in late March before beating off a concerted
1227:
1049:
Anzac to Amiens: A Shorter History of the Australian Fighting Services in the First World War
658:
650:
535:
1143:
130:
8:
696:
692:
502:
418:
153:
125:
230:
in 1942. The 36th Battalion spent most of the 1942–45 period overseas in New Guinea and
579:
474:
308:
260:
1212:
1193:
1176:
1151:
1129:
1107:
1088:
1069:
1052:
670:
562:
450:
319:
on 4 April, where the battalion suffered greatly when the Germans attacked with gas.
165:
409:
377:
1051:(5th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
748:
636:
438:
414:
381:
195:
149:
72:
1234:. Vol. 12. Melbourne, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. pp. 73–74.
344:
336:
288:
171:
1244:
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942:
802:
397:
360:
1155:
1121:
470:
434:
219:
119:
558:
311:
in order to defend the approaches to the strategically important town of
231:
203:
108:
545:
In October 1944, the 36th Battalion was placed under the command of the
466:
462:
442:
227:
1068:. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military History Publications.
498:
348:
191:
62:
1085:
Always Faithful: A History of the 49th Infantry Battalion, 1916–1982
188:
82:
1128:(3rd ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
527:
1066:
Ike's Marines: The 36th Australian Infantry Battalion, 1939–1945
539:
519:
312:
284:
465:, they returned to Greta Camp in preparation for transfer to
1209:
The Australian Army: A History of its Organisation 1901–2001
1829:
Military units and formations of Australia in World War II
1245:
Infantry formations of the First Australian Imperial Force
363:
for its involvement in the fighting on the Western Front.
531:
298:. After this the battalion participated in the attack on
16:
Australian Army infantry battalion Known as Ike's Marines
1211:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
628:
The 36th Battalion held the following battle honours:
1190:
The Great War Generals on the Western Front 1914–1918
943:"36th Battalion (St George's English Rifle Regiment)"
206:. Throughout World War I the battalion served on the
1869:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
1839:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1918
307:
of 1918. During this time they were deployed around
1012:
557:Battalions they moved by sea to the north coast of
255:, in February 1916 as part of an expansion of the
198:. It was originally raised in 1916 as part of the
1864:Military units and formations established in 1921
1834:Military units and formations established in 1916
715:Military history of Australia during World War II
542:, carrying out various garrison tasks once more.
449:Camps. In March 1942, following the entry of the
1810:
1150:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
1087:. Brisbane, Queensland: Boolarong Publications.
710:Military history of Australia during World War I
585:Lieutenant Colonel James William Albert Simpson.
453:into the war, the 36th Battalion was moved to
413:commanding officers during this time included
391:The battalion's headquarters was relocated to
359:. In 1927, the 36th Battalion received eight
1859:Military establishments in the Hunter Region
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
1106:. Melbourne, Victoria: Allara Publishing.
1063:
1006:
880:
616:Lieutenant Colonel Oscar Cedric Isaachsen.
1187:
1002:
1000:
841:
823:
801:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
1225:
1173:Military Historical Society of Australia
1101:
1082:
1030:
892:
856:
588:Lieutenant Colonel John Alexander Milne.
1206:
979:
961:
947:Second World War, 1939–1945 units
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
874:
789:
787:
1811:
1162:
1018:
997:
919:
917:
915:
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911:
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905:
903:
901:
799:First World War, 1914–1918 units
785:
783:
781:
779:
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773:
771:
769:
767:
568:
287:shortly on 13 May 1916, bound for the
1849:History of Newcastle, New South Wales
1243:
1228:"Stevens, Arthur Borlase (1880–1965)"
1142:
991:
1120:
1046:
967:
868:
835:
898:
764:
697:Liberation of Australian New Guinea
469:, from where they would embark for
317:German attack on Villers-Bretonneux
13:
1824:Australian World War II battalions
1232:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1104:The Lineage of the Australian Army
366:
222:the battalion was attached to the
14:
1880:
1819:Australian World War I battalions
1064:Brigg, Stan; Brigg, Les (2003) .
623:
247:The 36th Battalion was raised at
1854:1916 establishments in Australia
606:Lieutenant Colonel Arnold Brown.
170:
55:
29:
1798:1st Anzac Entrenching Battalion
1126:A Military History of Australia
1024:
985:
973:
741:
619:Lieutenant Colonel Muir Purser.
428:
257:First Australian Imperial Force
200:First Australian Imperial Force
886:
862:
829:
817:
732:
242:
1:
1039:
457:, along with the rest of the
341:Distinguished Conduct Medals
7:
703:
675:France and Flanders 1916–18
611:Frederick Alexander Burrows
333:Distinguished Service Order
259:, which occurred after the
10:
1885:
1148:South West Pacific 1941–45
685:South-West Pacific 1941–45
405:compulsory training scheme
353:Meritorious Service Medals
253:Newcastle, New South Wales
237:
1792:
1756:
1720:
1626:
1532:
1438:
1344:
1250:
1188:Neillands, Robin (2004).
1102:Festberg, Alfred (1972).
949:. Australian War Memorial
488:7th Machine Gun Battalion
164:
159:
143:
138:
104:
96:
88:
78:
68:
50:
40:
28:
23:
1207:Palazzo, Albert (2001).
1192:. London: Magpie Books.
720:
218:based in Sydney. During
1083:Cranston, Fred (1983).
423:Worcestershire Regiment
1721:Machine Gun Battalions
1226:Sweeting, A.J (1990).
1047:Bean, Charles (1968).
1007:Brigg & Brigg 2003
881:Brigg & Brigg 2003
357:Mentions in Despatches
1844:Port Stephens Council
593:Harold Fletcher White
433:With the outbreak of
283:. The battalion left
637:South Africa 1901–02
509:area to relieve the
501:to take part in the
425:was formed in 1930.
131:New Britain campaign
609:Lieutenant Colonel
591:Lieutenant Colonel
569:Commanding officers
561:. Operating on the
549:and along with the
511:55th/53rd Battalion
503:Battle of Buna-Gona
154:Arthur Samuel Allen
126:New Guinea campaign
1757:Pioneer Battalions
1748:5th Machine Gun Bn
1743:4th Machine Gun Bn
1738:3rd Machine Gun Bn
1733:2nd Machine Gun Bn
1728:1st Machine Gun Bn
580:Lieutenant Colonel
475:Owen Stanley Range
309:Villers-Bretonneux
279:, attached to the
261:Gallipoli Campaign
1804:
1803:
1135:978-0-521-69791-0
1113:978-0-85887-024-6
563:Gazelle Peninsula
451:Imperial Japanese
178:
177:
166:Unit colour patch
1876:
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1222:
1203:
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1159:
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1117:
1098:
1079:
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1034:
1028:
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1016:
1010:
1004:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
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939:
896:
895:, pp. 73–74
890:
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839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
795:"36th Battalion"
791:
752:
745:
739:
736:
410:Great Depression
403:government, the
378:Ashfield, Sydney
337:Military Crosses
305:Spring Offensive
275:, it formed the
174:
100:White over green
61:
59:
58:
33:
21:
20:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
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1805:
1800:
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1752:
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1528:
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1219:
1200:
1136:
1114:
1095:
1076:
1042:
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1029:
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805:on 19 July 2009
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749:Second Boer War
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415:Leslie Morshead
382:Second Boer War
369:
367:Inter-war years
345:Military Medals
273:35th Battalions
245:
240:
210:as part of the
196:Australian Army
181:
152:
150:Leslie Morshead
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73:Australian Army
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1784:5th Pioneer Bn
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1779:4th Pioneer Bn
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1774:3rd Pioneer Bn
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1769:2nd Pioneer Bn
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1764:1st Pioneer Bn
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1094:978-0908175604
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883:, pp. 1–2
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824:Neillands 2004
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693:Sanananda Road
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516:49th Battalion
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373:Citizens Force
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361:battle honours
289:United Kingdom
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185:36th Battalion
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24:36th Battalion
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1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
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1411:
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1409:
1406:
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1399:
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1262:
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1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1218:0-19-551507-2
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1199:1-84119-863-3
1195:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:Grey, Jeffrey
1119:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1075:1-876439-81-5
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1033:, p. 192
1032:
1031:Cranston 1983
1027:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
1001:
993:
988:
982:, p. 110
981:
976:
970:, p. 138
969:
964:
948:
944:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
894:
893:Sweeting 1990
889:
882:
877:
871:, p. 125
870:
865:
858:
857:Festberg 1972
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
838:, p. 435
837:
832:
826:, p. 493
825:
820:
804:
800:
796:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
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778:
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763:
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735:
731:
725:
724:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:
676:
672:
668:
667:Passchendaele
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:Messines 1917
644:
641:
638:
634:
631:
630:
629:
618:
615:
612:
608:
605:
604:
603:
601:
594:
590:
587:
584:
582:Marcus Logan.
581:
578:
577:
576:
575:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
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512:
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500:
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491:
489:
484:
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476:
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468:
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448:
444:
440:
436:
426:
424:
420:
416:
411:
406:
402:
399:
394:
389:
387:
386:2nd Battalion
383:
379:
374:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
300:Passchendaele
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:Western Front
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
180:Military unit
173:
169:
167:
163:
158:
155:
151:
148:
142:
137:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
122:
121:
115:
114:Western Front
112:
111:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:800–1,000 men
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
53:
49:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1806:
1628:5th Division
1534:4th Division
1467:
1440:3rd Division
1346:2nd Division
1252:1st Division
1231:
1208:
1189:
1168:
1164:
1147:
1125:
1103:
1084:
1065:
1048:
1026:
1021:, p. 7.
1014:
994:, p. 44
987:
980:Palazzo 2001
975:
963:
951:. Retrieved
946:
888:
876:
864:
859:, p. 95
831:
819:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
798:
743:
734:
681:World War II
680:
663:Poelcappelle
655:Polygon Wood
642:
632:
627:
600:World War II
599:
598:
574:World War I:
573:
572:
544:
497:was sent to
495:30th Brigade
492:
471:Port Moresby
459:14th Brigade
435:World War II
432:
429:World War II
419:Arthur Allen
390:
370:
321:
293:
281:3rd Division
246:
224:14th Brigade
220:World War II
184:
182:
120:World War II
118:
18:
1793:Other units
1019:Morgan 2019
1009:, p. 2
659:Broodseinde
643:World War I
559:New Britain
547:6th Brigade
277:9th Brigade
249:Broadmeadow
243:World War I
232:New Britain
212:9th Brigade
204:World War I
109:World War I
105:Engagements
1813:Categories
1165:Sabretache
1040:References
992:Keogh 1965
671:Somme 1918
651:Ypres 1917
467:Townsville
463:New Guinea
439:Rutherford
393:Haberfield
347:with four
228:New Guinea
146:commanders
139:Commanders
1181:0048-8933
1057:315997515
968:Grey 2008
953:10 August
869:Grey 2008
836:Bean 1968
809:10 August
759:Citations
726:Footnotes
689:Buna–Gona
551:14th/32nd
499:Sanananda
455:Newcastle
355:, and 13
251:Camp, in
192:battalion
63:Australia
46:1921–1945
44:1916–1918
1690:15th Bde
1663:14th Bde
1596:13th Bde
1569:12th Bde
1502:11th Bde
1475:10th Bde
1175:: 4–10.
1146:(1965).
1124:(2008).
704:See also
633:Boer War
447:Bathurst
351:, three
339:, three
296:Messines
189:infantry
160:Insignia
83:Infantry
1710:60th Bn
1705:59th Bn
1700:58th Bn
1695:57th Bn
1683:56th Bn
1678:55th Bn
1673:54th Bn
1668:53rd Bn
1656:32nd Bn
1651:31st Bn
1646:30th Bn
1641:29th Bn
1636:8th Bde
1616:52nd Bn
1611:51st Bn
1606:50th Bn
1601:49th Bn
1589:48th Bn
1584:47th Bn
1579:46th Bn
1574:45th Bn
1562:16th Bn
1557:15th Bn
1552:14th Bn
1547:13th Bn
1542:4th Bde
1522:44th Bn
1517:43rd Bn
1512:42nd Bn
1507:41st Bn
1495:40th Bn
1490:39th Bn
1485:38th Bn
1480:37th Bn
1468:36th Bn
1463:35th Bn
1458:34th Bn
1453:33rd Bn
1448:9th Bde
1428:28th Bn
1423:27th Bn
1418:26th Bn
1413:25th Bn
1408:7th Bde
1401:24th Bn
1396:23rd Bn
1391:22nd Bn
1386:21st Bn
1381:6th Bde
1374:20th Bn
1369:19th Bn
1364:18th Bn
1359:17th Bn
1354:5th Bde
1334:12th Bn
1329:11th Bn
1324:10th Bn
1314:3rd Bde
1287:2nd Bde
1260:1st Bde
1156:7185705
528:Oro Bay
398:Scullin
238:History
216:Militia
202:during
194:of the
187:was an
144:Notable
97:Colours
51:Country
1319:9th Bn
1307:8th Bn
1302:7th Bn
1297:6th Bn
1292:5th Bn
1280:4th Bn
1275:3rd Bn
1270:2nd Bn
1265:1st Bn
1215:
1196:
1179:
1154:
1132:
1110:
1091:
1072:
1055:
540:Bulolo
538:, and
520:Soputa
483:2/16th
479:2/14th
445:, and
313:Amiens
285:Sydney
69:Branch
60:
41:Active
1171:(1).
721:Notes
443:Greta
401:Labor
343:, 34
335:, 11
1213:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1177:ISSN
1152:OCLC
1130:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1053:OCLC
955:2009
811:2009
555:19th
553:and
524:Buna
507:Gona
481:and
417:and
349:Bars
329:52nd
327:and
325:47th
271:and
269:34th
265:33rd
183:The
89:Size
79:Type
536:Wau
532:Lae
1815::
1230:.
1169:LX
1167:.
999:^
945:.
900:^
843:^
797:.
766:^
695:,
691:,
687:,
683::
673:,
669:,
665:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
649:,
645::
635::
602::
534:,
530:,
522:,
490:.
441:,
267:,
1221:.
1202:.
1183:.
1158:.
1138:.
1116:.
1097:.
1078:.
1059:.
957:.
813:.
751:.
699:.
677:;
639:;
613:.
595:.
526:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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