1681:
179:
57:
1889:, clashing with security forces at Lasqurun village. After some fighting, this attack was also repulsed by Somali Region security forces; the latter claimed to had killed 85 rebels during this clash. Meanwhile, the ENDF deployed reinforcements to the Somali Region. At this point, Ethiopian officials argued that all invaders had been eliminated, though security analysts cautioned that some rebels might had slipped through the pro-government defensive lines. The Ethiopian government later admitted that operations against al-Shabaab invaders were continuing. According to
1717:
1944:
4336:
2062:. By late 2023, Barnett pointed out that the al-Shabaab unit in the Bale Mountains had not yet engaged in significant operations. However, he pointed out that the Somali rebel group had made attempts to further reinforce its troops inside Ethiopia. For instance, the Bale Mountains-based battalion had attacked the Liyu police in August 2023 to divert attention from the border in order to enable fresh troops from Somalia to launch another incursion. In December 2023, the Ethiopian
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4350:
207:
4309:
4290:
4278:
4251:
165:
195:
4227:
1804:
1820:
1974:
claims appeared to mirror previous statements of the
Ethiopian government which has repeatedly alleged links between various local insurgent groups and al-Shabaab in order to frame any local rebels as terrorist organizations. Al-Shabaab has also previously rejected accusations of cooperating with Ethiopian rebels, stating that the latter were "un-Islamic" and "therefore unworthy of its support".
1724:
1788:
1740:
1756:
1772:
1657:
more territory in
Somalia. In 2021, it seemed as if the Ethiopian government might collapse due to the Tigray war; security analyst Matt Bryden argued that al-Shabaab began to plan an invasion in this period. A similar analysis was provided by Barnett who argued that al-Shabaab hoped to exploit the unrest generated by the war.
2035:, though Ethiopian officials claimed that they were too few in number to establish a viable presence. On 5 August 2022 it was reported that, "Hundreds of al-Shabab fighters were able to slip into Ethiopia last week alone", with their presence detected in numerous local communities in the Somali Region. According to a 2023
1882:, but were encircled there by Somali Region paramilitary forces on 22 July. In the following, three-days-long battle for Hulhul, the rebel force was destroyed or at least forced to retreat. The Ethiopian government claimed that its troops had killed over 100 al-Shabaab rebels at Hulhul, and destroyed 13 vehicles.
1985:
speculated that al-Shabaab was intending to exploit the local tensions and fighting between various groups at Bale
Mountains, including by OLA, to set up their own bases there. Former al-Shabaab official Omar Mohamed Abu Ayan argued that the invasion had been probably conducted for propaganda reasons
1973:
and other researchers argued that a cooperation between OLA and al-Shabaab is unlikely, as no independent proof of links between the two factions was surfaced so far. In addition, OLA is a secular nationalist group in stark contrast to al-Shabaab's strongly religious alignment. Instead, the official
1920:
The ENDF and Somali Region military began to plan a counter-offensive against the Somali insurgents, and subsequently launched a series of ground and air attacks along the border that inflicted several losses on the rebels. The Somali Region government also announced its plan to create a buffer zone
1656:
erupted and greatly weakened the ENDF, resulting in a partial withdrawal of
Ethiopian forces from Somalia. Despite this, 4,000 Ethiopian troops remained stationed in Somalia as of mid-2022. Meanwhile, al-Shabaab experienced another period of growth, increasing the number of its attacks and capturing
1856:
as well as the village of
Washaaqo. These settlements were garrisoned by units of the Ethiopian Liyu police. The rebels defeated the garrisons of Aato and Yeed and proceeded to burn down the Ethiopian bases at both towns. Around this time, al-Shabaab top leader Fu'ad Mohamed Khalaf visited Aato and
1445:
towns in order to allow a force of 500 to 800 fighters to penetrate the
Ethiopian security zone and advance into the region. During the initial days of fighting, Al-Shabaab primarily fought against the Somali Region's security forces. Further cross-border attacks continued in the following days,
1925:
was initially reportedly among the dead, as was al-Shabaab's chief border commander, Ubeda Nur Isse, and a spokesman. However, none were killed. Al
Shabaab released a voice recording of Qalaf, who denied Ethiopian forces killed him on July 29. He further stated that al Shabaab would continue to
1870:
analysts Liam Karr and Emily
Estelle, as well as Somali regional and intelligence officials, this first attack was a diversionary operation designed to facilitate an invasion into Ethiopian territory by another al-Shabaab force. Local officials and civilians stated that pro-government forces
1878:. The invading force reportedly mostly consisted of militants recruited from Ethiopia itself. Al-Shabaab's "Ethiopian Front", led by Ali Diyaar, was known to have taken part in the operation. The rebels advanced 150 kilometres (93 mi) into Ethiopian territory. They captured the town of
1612:" activity the invasion led to its rise in Somalia. By the time of the ENDF withdrawal in early 2009, Al-Shabaab's forces had grown significantly in numbers, swelling from just six hundred to several thousand fighters strong since the invasion began. Al-Shabaab later pledged allegiance to
1648:
Ethiopian officials often arrested suspected Al-Shabaab infiltrators. Researcher James
Barnett argued that the Liyu police in particular had organized "effective—if controversial—counterterrorism operations" which had prevented insurgents from establishing a lasting presence in Ethiopia.
1921:
along the border to prevent more rebel incursions. By 29 July, Aato was back under pro-government control, though was again attacked by a large al-Shabaab force. On 31 July, Ethiopia announced that it had killed three rebel commanders at the border, though al-Shabaab denied this.
2007:
A number of Somali Region officials informed VOA that the al-Shabaab had inflicted heavy losses on the
Ethiopians, and captured several local administrators before their main force was defeated. Al-Shabaab claimed it killed hundreds of Somali region forces. The groups
1930:
self-defense groups to hunt for rebel stragglers. The clashes in Ethiopia lasted into early August, and one small al-Shabaab contingent (initially suspected to number 50 to 100 fighters, later reported to number up to 500) actually reached its target, the
1691:
In May 2022, the insurgents launched a series of attacks to weaken the Ethiopian and Somali pro-government presence at the border, possibly to prepare for the following invasion. In early July, Osman Abu Abdi Rahman, al-Shabaab governor of the Somali
1568:
that was a registered political party; in a bid to crush the movement. This sparked a jihad between the Ethiopians and AIAI. Al-Itihaad began to launch raids into Ethiopia. In doing so, it possibly forged links with local rebels such as the
1627:
set up the "Ethiopian Front" to organize terrorist attacks, but this force failed to make an impact. Further attack plans by al-Shabaab's intelligence wing Amniyaat were also foiled. In 2014, Ethiopia was formerly integrated into the
2074:
released a report asserting al-Shabaab forces were operating in Bale and had killed several police officers. The reported was disputed by Ethiopian authorities in Bale who claimed there were no Shabaab insurgents in the region.
1704:
In late July 2022 Al-Shabaab assembled 1,500–2,000 insurgents for the attack. The scale of mobilization for the incursion surprised many observers, with vehicles and supplies mobilized in large numbers by the militants.
1905:
by 27 July. A third invading force, counting several hundred al-Shabaab militants, reportedly also entered Ethiopia around this time. Rebels belonging to this force were subsequently sighted near El Kari, Jaraati, and
1680:
388:
1977:
Independent journalists argued that al-Shabaab was probably not trying to coordinate with other insurgents, but instead trying to open a new frontline in Ethiopia. As fighting was still underway,
1472:
Al-Shabaab was able to successfully establish a presence in Bale following the incursion and created several training camps. It is the largest attack by al-Shabaab in Ethiopian territory to date.
2024:
of Somali Region stated that he had visited the troops who had retaken Hulhul, and thanked them for their service. Deeply concerned by the invasion, the ENDF increased troop deployments in the
1701:, declared war on the Liyu police. Five days before the invasion, Ethiopian security forces conducted a raid in El Kari, killing a local cleric who was identified as an "al-Shabab commander".
1592:, a youth militia within the wider military wing of the ICU, which became an independent faction in early 2007 and began governing territory in 2008. In early 2007, an al-Shabaab force led by
3234:
2753:
In July a force of 500-800 al-Shabab fighters penetrated a security zone maintained by Ethiopia, then crossed 150km into that country with the aim of setting up a base in the Bale mountains.
4401:
1981:
analyst Matt Bryden argued that the rebels had probably aimed to advance into the Bale Mountains. This was later confirmed by local officials and the movement of one al-Shabaab group. The
1596:
launched an incursion into Ethiopia in retaliation for the invasion, but was quickly repelled. Al-Shabaab has also had hostile relations with insurgents fighting for independence in the
3262:
1339:
2246:
2359:
1104:
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381:
1524:(both nationalist and Islamist). In addition, eastern Ethiopia has been affected by a number of ethno-nationalist rebellions, some of which were motivated by separatism in
4931:
4881:
3487:
1665:
Al-Shabaab spent more than a year before the attack considering the operation. It trained thousands of fighters for the operation, recruiting large numbers of ethnic
4921:
4394:
374:
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1967:(OLA). OLA wages an independent insurgency against the Ethiopian government, and had become part of a major, cross-regional rebel alliance in 2021. However, the
1332:
4916:
3083:
2136:
3526:
2331:
4862:
4387:
1325:
3322:
3142:
2727:
3531:
3016:
4127:
3472:
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pursue a discreet policy of putting down roots. Their primary objective is not to carry out attacks, but to gain acceptance and to forge links,"
1363:
1716:
3541:
2630:
2510:
3772:
1637:
829:
3711:
3315:
703:
2699:
2279:
4708:
4410:
1948:
1852:. One al-Shabaab unit then launched a surprise attack on four settlements on the Somali side of the border, including the towns Aato and
1499:
40:
1623:
Overall, al-Shabaab has only been able to organize a few attacks inside Ethiopia. After Ayro's early 2007 incursion, the group's leader
4936:
2946:
relations between ONLF and al-shabaab have reached the worst stage since they first got into conflict in Degahbur Zone in December 2007
2063:
1570:
994:
4693:
3171:
1584:(ICU). In the following two years most of the country fell to an Islamist insurgency and Ethiopia withdrew in 2009. The invasion and
1289:
3197:
3852:
2926:
1879:
934:
4911:
3907:
1004:
4487:
3235:"Ethiopia says security forces 'completely foil planned Al-Shabaab terrorist attack' in Jigjiga, various cities in Somali state"
2595:
2560:
3596:
2210:
548:
4906:
3812:
3716:
3536:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
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3386:
3381:
3376:
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2792:
2478:
2084:
1461:. After two weeks of intense clashes and airstrikes, the ENDF and Somali Region security forces began to reassert control. A
884:
708:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
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442:
437:
432:
427:
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417:
2247:"News: Ethiopian army generals jet-off to Baidoa, Jubaland, Somaliland; cross border security, Al-Shabaab threat top agenda"
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1390:
1380:
4731:
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3601:
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1099:
999:
553:
398:
36:
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1963:
Somali Region officials claimed that the al-Shabaab invaders had planned to advance up to Oromia to coordinate with the
4107:
3952:
3927:
3462:
2360:"News: Somali region says Al-Shabaab militants entered through Afdheer zone, "completely destroyed" by regional forces"
1835:
1264:
1064:
1029:
1874:
On 20 or 21 July 2022, about 500 al-Shabaab fighters crossed the border at Yeed from Somalia's Bakool into Ethiopia's
4785:
4424:
4140:
3977:
3932:
3912:
3847:
3646:
3571:
2909:
2071:
1094:
1034:
1014:
929:
613:
518:
4723:
4713:
4328:
4077:
4072:
4052:
4017:
3492:
3482:
1684:
1633:
1629:
1605:
1447:
1254:
1224:
1219:
1199:
1149:
275:
3049:
2421:
4087:
4042:
4007:
3962:
3937:
3922:
3706:
2809:
1304:
1234:
1184:
1129:
1074:
1044:
1024:
693:
4886:
4801:
4368:
4241:
4092:
3997:
3992:
3967:
3882:
3842:
3591:
1577:
1495:
1395:
1239:
1119:
1114:
1084:
969:
924:
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4166:
3872:
3817:
3516:
1521:
1481:
1350:
1284:
1169:
959:
889:
733:
32:
1573:(IFLO). In 1996, Ethiopia responded to these raids by launching its first armed intervention into Somalia.
4846:
4641:
4502:
4439:
4429:
4342:
4067:
4062:
4032:
3947:
3942:
3862:
3263:"Ethopia: Local authorities deny presence of al-Shabab in Oromia's Bale zone, dismissing security concerns"
3113:
1994:
Head of the ENDF claimed that more than 800 Shabaab fighters along with 24 top commanders had been killed.
1465:
of around 500 al-Shabaab fighters succeeded in evading the Ethiopian army and reached its main target, the
1294:
1214:
1209:
1174:
1054:
1049:
944:
803:
4806:
4748:
4636:
4202:
4102:
4037:
4022:
3892:
3787:
3631:
3586:
2959:
1952:
1849:
1589:
1517:
1442:
1419:
1259:
1179:
1154:
979:
849:
588:
538:
210:
206:
142:
44:
4542:
4181:
4117:
4057:
3877:
3807:
3566:
3509:
3147:
1673:
from Ethiopia. Preparations were made for an invasion by trying to set up a small supporter network at
1553:
1274:
1204:
964:
879:
513:
4901:
4585:
4512:
4171:
4082:
3972:
3827:
3561:
2848:
1848:
The rebel offensive began on 20 July 2022, as al-Shabaab shut down the telephone networks across the
1229:
1089:
904:
508:
4896:
4891:
4608:
4534:
4497:
4354:
3782:
3641:
3581:
2020:
The Ethiopian government framed the invasion as a major victory over the invading force. President
839:
603:
528:
2058:
Since mid-2022, al-Shabaab forces in Bale have not claimed any attacks in order to maintain their
1441:
The incursion began with over a thousand Al-Shabaab fighters staging diversionary attacks on four
4758:
4464:
4434:
4282:
4112:
4002:
3832:
3822:
3777:
3671:
3636:
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2901:
1529:
1269:
1124:
909:
894:
834:
648:
598:
563:
111:
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eventually retook Aato and Yeed. Both sides claimed to had inflicted heavy losses on the other.
1469:. Several weeks after the operation was over, clashes continued to break out in border regions.
4670:
4603:
3887:
3802:
3756:
3666:
3651:
3497:
2039:
report, an entire al-Shabaab battalion, about 500 militants, were able to set up a camp in the
1561:
1299:
974:
869:
793:
643:
623:
4753:
4736:
4718:
4522:
4270:
4260:
3897:
3792:
3736:
3726:
2021:
2001:
1964:
1593:
1374:
989:
854:
753:
738:
1917:
Ethiopia struck Al-Shabaab positions in Somalia from the air in late July and early August.
4027:
4012:
3957:
3867:
3837:
3621:
3521:
2784:
A History of the Ogaden (Western Somali) Struggle for Self-Determination Part I (1300-2007)
1885:
On 24 or 25 July, an al-Shabaab contingent of about 200 fighters made another incursion at
1581:
1159:
1139:
1069:
1059:
949:
919:
578:
4379:
8:
4836:
4646:
4145:
4047:
3987:
3746:
3731:
3701:
2059:
1585:
1194:
1109:
808:
783:
768:
748:
723:
688:
56:
2031:
Initially it was reported about 100 Al-Shabaab fighters had reached their target of the
4492:
4236:
4150:
3917:
3751:
3691:
3686:
2876:
1144:
1019:
788:
773:
678:
673:
1943:
1434:, the goal of the operation was to establish a presence for the group within southern
4469:
4186:
4135:
3797:
3721:
3696:
3676:
3626:
3024:
2905:
2880:
2868:
2819:
2788:
2737:
1624:
984:
859:
718:
683:
658:
583:
4299:
3681:
3656:
3477:
3350:
3300:
3294:
Faltering Lion: Analyzing Progress and Setbacks in Somalia's War against al-Shabaab
2860:
2568:
2036:
1996:
1969:
1862:
1557:
1549:
1485:
663:
628:
543:
3307:
2864:
1910:. According to "credible reports", some al-Shabaab troops were also moving toward
4517:
3661:
3616:
3576:
3467:
2895:
2782:
2103:
The Liyu police is a paramilitary force mainly recruited from Ethiopian Somalis.
1843:
showing the locations of the invasion (red), and the targets of the rebels (blue)
1643:
1617:
743:
638:
573:
523:
366:
2988:
2765:
1632:. Since then, the Ethiopia has maintained an armed presence, deploying both the
4701:
4565:
4560:
4265:
4097:
3611:
3239:
2048:
2040:
2032:
1978:
1932:
1810:
1545:
1466:
1249:
568:
132:
1959:
zone, and the redeployment of federal troops from the southeast to the north.
4875:
4662:
4623:
4577:
4507:
4479:
4319:
4207:
3857:
3355:
3028:
2872:
2823:
2741:
2732:
2043:
due to the invasion. This battalion was reportedly mostly recruited from the
1907:
1778:
1597:
1513:
1505:
1451:
1427:
939:
184:
138:
98:
1317:
4231:
3198:"At Least 10 Killed in Al-Shabab Attack of Town on Somalia-Ethiopia Border"
3143:"Sustaining Gains in Somalia's Offensive against Al-Shabaab | Crisis Group"
2984:
2814:
2044:
1670:
1533:
338:
187 ENDF and several hundred Somali Region forces killed (al-Shabaab claim)
282:
2000:
reported that these claims could not be verified. Somali Region president
4456:
2332:"Puzzles deepen in the context of Shabaab's attempted Ethiopian invasion"
2025:
1537:
1369:
4631:
4217:
2960:"Inside Look at the Fighting Between Al-Shabab and Ahlu-Sunna wal-Jama"
2849:"The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"
2028:
it maintains between the border and areas where Al-Shabaab is active.
1956:
1922:
1875:
1730:
1653:
1601:
1489:
1431:
1385:
245:
48:
2631:"Ethiopia's Military: 800 Al-Shabab Fighters Killed in Recent Clashes"
4811:
4212:
1462:
128:
3017:"Al-Shabaab: from al-Qaida rejects to a fighting force of thousands"
4314:
4294:
3088:
2993:
2511:"Somalia's al Shabaab group makes rare attack near Ethiopia border"
2141:
2066:
claimed it had foiled a series of attacks planned by Al-Shabaab in
1894:
1840:
1613:
1609:
1435:
1415:
199:
170:
115:
61:
Al-Shabaab fighters inside a Liyu Police base on the 21st July 2022
2070:
and several other cities in Somali Region. During March 2024, the
1926:
attack the Somali Regional Liyu police Local civilians organized
1600:. During December 2007, an al-Shabaab force in the Somali Regions
4289:
4277:
4250:
2767:
American Affairs, Vol-82, Issue no.-January, April, July, October
1794:
1674:
1666:
1423:
4816:
4552:
3054:
2067:
1911:
1902:
1886:
1826:
1746:
1698:
1565:
1525:
1509:
1458:
2561:"In a first, Somalia-based al-Shabab is attacking in Ethiopia"
1644:
Outbreak of Tigray war and instability in Ethiopia (2020–2021)
4744:
United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces
2697:
2329:
1694:
1541:
3172:"Ethiopian Authorities to Create Buffer Zone Inside Somalia"
2280:"Ethiopian forces face new front from Al-Shabaab in Somalia"
4409:
1898:
1853:
1762:
1620:, describing the Ethiopian-Somali border as "artificial".
2012:
claimed that it had killed 187 ENDF troops in the attack.
1564:(AIAI), a rising Islamist political-military group in the
3114:"Al-Shabaab Fighters 'Destroyed' in Ethiopian Incursion"
2728:"How al-Qaeda and Islamic State are digging into Africa"
2004:
claimed more than 600 Shabaab fighters had been killed.
1660:
2700:"Analysis: Shabaab's multi-day incursion into Ethiopia"
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2476:
2211:"Al-Shabab Faces Pushback in Ethiopia's Somali Region"
1548:
and Somalis when the insurgency broke out against the
3215:
1430:. Taking advantage of the instability created by the
2596:"Al-Shabaab: the latest addition to Ethiopia's woes"
2156:
3337:
1457:Al-Shabaab forces advanced 150 kilometers into the
4932:Battles of the Somali Civil War involving Ethiopia
3050:"Ethiopian Forces formally integrated into AMISOM"
1857:used the opportunity to denounce the Liyu police.
396:
3084:"Al-Shabab seeks to 'put down roots' in Ethiopia"
2137:"Al-Shabab seeks to 'put down roots' in Ethiopia"
1560:. During 1992, the Ethiopian government attacked
4873:
2628:
2842:
2840:
1616:in 2012. The group has also voiced support for
1544:faith provided a basis for cooperation between
4882:Battles of the Somali Civil War (2009–present)
1893:, one rebel unit had entered Ethiopia east of
291:Several units, including the "Ethiopian Front"
16:July-August 2022 incursion by Somali militants
4917:Battles involving al-Shabaab (militant group)
4395:
3773:2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu
3323:
2927:"The Role Of Religion In The Ogaden Conflict"
1347:
1333:
382:
358:Several administrators captured by al-Shabaab
131:sized force of al-Shabaab fighters reach the
3712:2018 African Union base attack in Bulo Marer
3081:
2837:
2698:Caleb Weiss; Ryan O'Farrell (25 July 2022).
2589:
2587:
2585:
2330:Caleb Weiss; Ryan O'Farrell (28 July 2022).
2134:
3473:Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
2951:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2422:"Why Did Al-Shabab Attack Inside Ethiopia?"
2419:
2208:
2051:observed that Al-Shabaab would likely, "...
1538:major revolt against Emperor Haile Selassie
347:800+ killed, 100 captured (Ethiopian claim)
4402:
4388:
3330:
3316:
2479:"Africa File: Al Shabaab Attacks Ethiopia"
2064:National Intelligence and Security Service
1571:Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia
1520:, has been disputed and been the place of
1340:
1326:
389:
375:
55:
4694:Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front
2894:Cook, Joana; Maher, Shiraz, eds. (2023).
2893:
2887:
2787:. Safis Publishing Limited. p. 192.
2582:
2477:Liam Karr; Emily Estelle (28 July 2022).
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
120:
4922:Ethiopian–Somali conflict (1948–present)
4709:Benishangul People's Liberation Movement
3853:2015 Ministry of Higher Education attack
3169:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2496:
1942:
1679:
1522:several interstate wars and insurgencies
4411:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
3908:December 2016 Mogadishu suicide bombing
3291:
3221:
3082:Hochet-Bodin, Noé (14 September 2022).
2846:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2177:
2135:Hochet-Bodin, Noé (14 September 2022).
2015:
1556:collapsed and Somalia was embroiled in
1500:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
97:Ethiopian-Somali border and Ethiopia's
41:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
4874:
3195:
2957:
2781:Abdi, Mohamed Mohamud (20 July 2021).
2593:
2554:
2552:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2117:
1935:, probably in the wider El Kari area.
1803:
4383:
3813:2013 Mogadishu Turkish embassy attack
3717:December 2018 airstrikes in Gandarshe
3311:
3196:Hassan, Mohamed Olad (29 July 2022).
3137:
3135:
3108:
3106:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3014:
2983:
2722:
2720:
2558:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2085:List of invasions in the 21st century
1661:Preparation for incursion (2021–2022)
1321:
370:
272: * Special forces
4842:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia
4177:Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim controversy
3742:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia
2989:"US fails to break Somali Islamists"
2847:Mueller, Jason C. (2 January 2018).
2807:
2780:
2648:
2613:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2354:
2352:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
1401:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia
355:3 civilians killed (Ethiopian claim)
26:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia
4614:Ethnic violence against Amaro Koore
3983:28 February 2019 Mogadishu bombings
3903:November 2016 Mogadishu car bombing
3505:2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive
3488:Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts
2758:
2594:Ismail, Muktar (9 September 2022).
2378:
2298:
2183:
13:
4108:Mogadishu military academy bombing
3953:2 September 2018 Mogadishu bombing
3928:14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings
3597:2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash
3170:Dhaysane, Mohamed (29 July 2022).
3132:
3103:
3070:
2977:
2810:"Ethiopia ends Somalia occupation"
2717:
2629:Mohamed Dhaysane (6 August 2022).
2529:
1723:
1516:in 1995), along with the adjacent
269: * Liyu police
14:
4948:
4937:Spillover of the Somali Civil War
4488:Amhara Region coup d'Ă©tat attempt
4141:Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt
3978:4 February 2019 Mogadishu bombing
3933:28 October 2017 Mogadishu attacks
3913:2 January 2017 Mogadishu bombings
3848:Garissa University College attack
3647:Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt
3572:Battle for Central Somalia (2009)
3527:Somali Reconciliation Conferences
3292:Barnett, James (September 2023).
2439:
2349:
2265:
2228:
2072:Ethiopian Human Rights Commission
266:Somali Region paramilitary forces
4858:
4857:
4732:Tigray People's Liberation Front
4724:Sidama National Liberation Front
4714:Ethiopian National Defense Force
4348:
4334:
4307:
4288:
4276:
4249:
4225:
4078:October 2022 Beledweyne bombings
4073:September 2022 Beledweyne attack
4053:February 2022 Beledweyne bombing
4018:2020 Mogadishu army base bombing
2924:
2853:Terrorism and Political Violence
1818:
1802:
1786:
1770:
1754:
1738:
1722:
1715:
1685:Ethiopian National Defense Force
1634:Ethiopian National Defense Force
1630:African Union Mission in Somalia
1606:Ogaden National Liberation Front
1540:lasting nearly a decade. Common
1448:Ethiopian National Defense Force
276:Ethiopian National Defense Force
205:
193:
177:
163:
4088:October 2022 Mogadishu bombings
4043:November 2021 Mogadishu bombing
4008:December 2019 Mogadishu bombing
3963:December 2018 Mogadishu bombing
3938:February 2018 Mogadishu attacks
3923:February 2017 Mogadishu bombing
3707:November 2017 Somalia airstrike
3602:Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011)
3339:Somali civil war (2009–present)
3255:
3227:
3189:
3163:
3042:
3008:
2958:Hassan, Abdulahi (March 2008).
2918:
2801:
2774:
2097:
1897:, and was still active between
1787:
37:Somali Civil War (2009–present)
4912:August 2022 events in Ethiopia
4242:Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki
4093:Siege of the Villa Rossa Hotel
3998:24 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing
3993:22 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing
3968:Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack
3883:February 2016 Mogadishu attack
3843:Makka al-Mukarama hotel attack
3463:History of Somalia (1991–2006)
3285:
2897:The Rule Is For None But Allah
1819:
1739:
1205:Beledweyne and Mogadishu (Mar)
1:
4256:Federal Government of Somalia
4167:Death of Noramfaizul Mohd Nor
3873:January 2016 Mogadishu attack
3818:Westgate shopping mall attack
3015:Smith, David (2 April 2015).
2865:10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213
2808:Rice, Xan (26 January 2009).
2559:Faruk, Omar (5 August 2022).
2209:Harun Maruf (9 August 2022).
2110:
1989:
1475:
313:
77:
4907:July 2022 events in Ethiopia
4847:Internment camps in Ethiopia
4503:Persecution of Amhara people
4430:2014 Addis Ababa Master Plan
4068:August 2022 Mogadishu attack
4063:April 2022 Mogadishu bombing
4033:March 2021 Mogadishu bombing
3948:July 2018 Mogadishu bombings
3943:March 2018 Mogadishu bombing
3863:Jazeera Palace Hotel bombing
2420:Harun Maruf (26 July 2022).
1755:
7:
4927:Spillover of the Tigray War
4103:2023 Mogadishu hotel attack
4038:June 2021 Mogadishu bombing
4023:2020 Mogadishu hotel attack
3893:June 2016 Mogadishu attacks
3788:May 2010 Mogadishu bombings
3632:Battle of Beledweyne (2011)
3587:Battle of Beledweyne (2010)
2078:
1938:
1850:South West State of Somalia
1771:
1708:
335:14 killed (Ethiopian claim)
121:§ Result and aftermath
10:
4953:
4543:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict
4369:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
4182:Daallo Airlines Flight 159
4118:Mogadishu tea shop bombing
4058:March 2022 Somalia attacks
3878:Daallo Airlines Flight 159
3808:June 2013 Mogadishu attack
3567:Battle of Mogadishu (2009)
3510:Battle of Mogadishu (2006)
3299:(Report). Washington, DC:
3148:International Crisis Group
1986:by the Somali insurgents.
1687:soldiers in Somalia, 2021.
1608:. Instead of eliminating "
1496:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
1493:
1479:
1422:launched an invasion from
1396:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
1295:Dhanaane Busley base (Mar)
965:Daallo Airlines Flight 159
4855:
4829:
4794:
4778:
4769:
4686:
4661:
4622:
4594:
4576:
4551:
4533:
4513:Finote Selam drone strike
4478:
4455:
4448:
4417:
4363:
4195:
4172:London Somalia Conference
4159:
4126:
4083:2022 Kismayo hotel attack
3973:Nairobi Latema Road blast
3828:2014 Villa Somalia attack
3765:
3562:Battle of South Mogadishu
3552:
3517:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
3455:
3364:
3345:
1951:as of 2022; included are
1536:and Somali people, saw a
1482:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
1361:
1352:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
408:
351:
326:
295:
257:
218:
155:
141:officials claim to crush
65:
54:
33:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
30:
25:
4609:Ethnic violence in Konso
4498:2022 North Shewa clashes
4440:2014–2016 Oromo protests
4355:Islamic State in Somalia
3783:2009 Hotel Shamo bombing
3642:Battle of Kismayo (2012)
3582:Battle of Kismayo (2009)
2090:
1949:Ethiopian civil conflict
1866:journalist Harun Maruf,
1578:Ethiopia invaded Somalia
1305:Mogadishu tea shop (Aug)
81: early August 2022
4759:Eritrean Defence Forces
4435:2015 Ethiopian uprising
4113:2023 Beledweyne bombing
4003:2019 Kenya bus shooting
3833:2014 Hotel Amalo attack
3823:2013 Beledweyne attacks
3778:2009 Beledweyne bombing
3672:Battle of Janale (2015)
3637:Battle of Yurkud (2012)
3607:Battle of Jubbada Hoose
2925:Seid, Mohammed Mealin.
2902:Oxford University Press
1677:, deep inside Ethiopia.
1518:Ethiopian-Somali border
1443:Ethiopia–Somalia border
1255:Buloburde and Jalalaqsi
341:Heavy (local officials)
110:Al Shabaab infiltrates
3888:Baidoa suicide bombing
3803:2011 Mogadishu bombing
3757:Battle of Buulo Mareer
3667:Battle of Leego (2015)
3652:Operation Indian Ocean
1960:
1688:
1636:(ENDF) as well as the
1562:Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
1558:a full-scale civil war
1552:in 1963. In 1991, the
1285:Mogadishu market (Mar)
624:Operation Indian Ocean
500:Operations and battles
219:Commanders and leaders
135:and establish presence
4887:Invasions of Ethiopia
4754:Sudanese Armed Forces
4737:Tigray Defence Forces
4719:Oromo Liberation Army
4586:Oromia–Somali clashes
4523:2024 Amhara offensive
4425:Ethnic discrimination
4271:Mohamed Sheikh Hassan
4261:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
3898:2016 Galkayo bombings
3793:2010 Kampala bombings
3737:2021 Galmudug clashes
3727:2021 Mogadishu mutiny
2002:Mustafa Mohammed Omar
1965:Oromo Liberation Army
1947:Map illustrating the
1946:
1683:
1528:. During the 1960's,
1494:Further information:
1414:On 20 July 2022, the
1375:1963 Ogaden Rebellion
1290:Mogadishu hotel (Mar)
935:Ministry of Education
734:Awdheegle and Bariire
327:Casualties and losses
250:Osman Abu Abdi Rahman
4283:Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a
4028:2020 Galkayo bombing
4013:2020 Afgooye bombing
3958:Sahafi Hotel attacks
3868:Sahafi Hotel attacks
3838:Central Hotel attack
3622:Operation Linda Nchi
3522:Insurgency in Ogaden
2060:operational security
2016:Result and aftermath
1923:Fu'ad Mohamed Khalaf
1836:class=notpageimage|
1582:Islamic Courts Union
1512:(organized into the
1386:Ogaden War (1977–78)
945:Jazeera Palace Hotel
804:Dhanaane Busley base
4837:Al-Fashaga conflict
4465:Afar–Somali clashes
4449:Conflicts by region
4146:2013 raid on Barawe
4048:2022 Mandera attack
3988:Asasey Hotel attack
3732:2021 Golweyn ambush
3702:2017 Golweyn ambush
2985:Plaut, Martin Plaut
1588:led to the rise of
1586:military occupation
1532:, inhabited by the
1450:(ENDF) carried out
230:Mohamed Ahmed Gurey
4604:Gedeo–Guji clashes
4493:2021 Ataye clashes
4237:Hassan Dahir Aweys
4151:2017 raid on Barii
3918:Dayah Hotel attack
3752:Battle of Runirgod
3692:2017 raid on Barii
3687:Battle of Kulbiyow
3243:. 19 December 2023
2987:(1 January 2009).
2736:. 11 August 2022.
1961:
1689:
1504:Historically, the
1452:counter-offensives
1170:Bal'ad and Dinsoor
1155:Mogadishu (16 Aug)
1120:Mogadishu (24 Jul)
1115:Mogadishu (22 Jul)
1100:Mogadishu (28 Feb)
1035:Mogadishu (28 Oct)
1030:Mogadishu (14 Oct)
4869:
4868:
4825:
4824:
4657:
4656:
4535:Benishangul-Gumuz
4470:Galikoma massacre
4377:
4376:
4187:Awdiinle massacre
4136:2009 Baraawe raid
3798:Muna Hotel attack
3722:Camp Simba attack
3697:Battle of Af Urur
3677:Battle of El Adde
3627:Battle of Deynile
3058:. 22 January 2014
2794:978-1-906342-39-5
1554:Somali government
1409:
1408:
1315:
1314:
1150:Mogadishu (8 Aug)
1095:Mogadishu (4 Feb)
1090:Nairobi Latema Rd
1065:Mogadishu (2 Sep)
1015:Mogadishu (2 Jan)
925:Makka al-Mukarama
885:Mogadishu embassy
365:
364:
151:
150:
4944:
4902:2022 in Ethiopia
4861:
4860:
4776:
4775:
4453:
4452:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4367:Previous phase:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4300:Abdi Hasan Awale
4293:
4292:
4281:
4280:
4254:
4253:
4230:
4229:
4228:
3747:Battle of Bal'ad
3682:Qandala campaign
3657:Galgala campaign
3592:2010 Ayn clashes
3478:Somali Civil War
3351:Somali Civil War
3332:
3325:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3301:Hudson Institute
3298:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3079:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2704:Long War Journal
2695:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2626:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2600:Ethiopia Insight
2591:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2569:Associated Press
2556:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2483:Critical Threats
2474:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2417:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2336:Long War Journal
2327:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2206:
2181:
2175:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2132:
2104:
2101:
2054:
2037:Hudson Institute
1997:Voice of America
1983:Long War Journal
1970:Long War Journal
1891:Critical Threats
1868:Critical Threats
1863:Voice of America
1822:
1821:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1789:
1774:
1773:
1758:
1757:
1742:
1741:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1618:pan-Somali ideas
1604:fought with the
1550:Ethiopian Empire
1486:Somali Civil War
1426:into Ethiopia's
1356:
1355:
1353:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1300:Lido Beach (Aug)
1225:Beledweyne (Oct)
1220:Beledweyne (Sep)
1200:Beledweyne (Feb)
403:
399:Somali civil war
391:
384:
377:
368:
367:
315:
308:Critical Threats
306:At least 1,500 (
209:
198:
197:
196:
183:
181:
180:
169:
167:
166:
82:
79:
67:
66:
59:
23:
22:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4897:2022 in Somalia
4892:Battles in 2022
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4851:
4821:
4790:
4771:
4765:
4682:
4676:peace agreement
4663:Peace processes
4653:
4618:
4590:
4572:
4547:
4529:
4518:Merawi massacre
4474:
4444:
4413:
4408:
4378:
4373:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4335:
4333:
4308:
4306:
4287:
4275:
4248:
4226:
4224:
4191:
4155:
4122:
3761:
3662:Battle of Baure
3617:Battle of Elwaq
3577:Battle of Wabho
3554:
3548:
3468:Greater Somalia
3451:
3360:
3341:
3336:
3296:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3267:Africa Links 24
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3151:. 21 March 2023
3141:
3140:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3080:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2982:
2978:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2943:
2935:
2933:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2904:. p. 111.
2892:
2888:
2845:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2779:
2775:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2746:
2744:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2696:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2627:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2592:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2557:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2475:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2418:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2253:. 4 August 2022
2245:
2244:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2207:
2184:
2176:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2133:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2081:
2052:
2018:
1992:
1941:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1711:
1663:
1646:
1502:
1492:
1480:Main articles:
1478:
1418:militant group
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1391:1982 border war
1381:1964 border war
1379:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1316:
1311:
1275:Mogadishu (Sep)
1265:Mogadishu (Jul)
1260:Mogadishu (Jun)
1240:Mogadishu (Nov)
1235:Mogadishu (Oct)
1215:Mogadishu (Aug)
1210:Mogadishu (Apr)
1185:Mogadishu (Nov)
1180:Mogadishu (Jun)
1175:Mogadishu (Mar)
1130:Mogadishu (Dec)
1105:Mogadishu (Mar)
1085:Nairobi DusitD2
1075:Mogadishu (Dec)
1055:Mogadishu (Jul)
1050:Mogadishu (Mar)
1045:Mogadishu (Feb)
1025:Mogadishu (Feb)
1005:Mogadishu (Dec)
1000:Mogadishu (Nov)
995:Mogadishu (Aug)
980:Mogadishu (Jun)
970:Mogadishu (Feb)
960:Mogadishu (Jan)
818:
816:
497:
404:
400:
397:
395:
361:
344:
288:
253:
233:
194:
192:
178:
176:
164:
162:
101:
88:
80:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4950:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4867:
4866:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4782:
4780:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4749:Foreign forces
4746:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4566:OLA insurgency
4561:Oromo conflict
4557:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4345:
4341:United States
4331:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4285:
4273:
4268:
4266:Omar Sharmarke
4263:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4098:Mahas bombings
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Battle of Gedo
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3269:. 1 April 2024
3254:
3240:Addis Standard
3226:
3214:
3188:
3162:
3131:
3120:. 25 July 2022
3102:
3069:
3041:
3007:
2976:
2950:
2917:
2910:
2886:
2859:(1): 116–141.
2836:
2800:
2793:
2773:
2770:. p. 516.
2757:
2716:
2647:
2612:
2581:
2528:
2517:. 22 July 2022
2495:
2438:
2377:
2366:. 25 July 2022
2364:Addis Standard
2348:
2297:
2286:. 31 July 2022
2264:
2251:Addis Standard
2227:
2182:
2155:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2077:
2049:Roland Marchal
2047:ethnic group.
2041:Bale Mountains
2033:Bale Mountains
2017:
2014:
1991:
1988:
1979:Horn of Africa
1940:
1937:
1933:Bale Mountains
1834:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1811:Bale Mountains
1809:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1662:
1659:
1645:
1642:
1580:to depose the
1477:
1474:
1467:Bale Mountains
1454:in response.
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
954:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
914:
913:
912:
907:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
874:
873:
872:
864:
863:
862:
857:
852:
844:
843:
842:
837:
832:
823:
822:
814:
813:
812:
811:
806:
798:
797:
796:
791:
786:
778:
777:
776:
771:
766:
758:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
728:
727:
726:
721:
713:
712:
711:
706:
698:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
668:
667:
666:
661:
653:
652:
651:
646:
641:
633:
632:
631:
626:
618:
617:
616:
608:
607:
606:
601:
593:
592:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
558:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
502:
501:
496:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
414:
413:
409:
406:
405:
401:(2009–present)
394:
393:
386:
379:
371:
363:
362:
360:
359:
356:
352:
349:
348:
345:
343:
342:
339:
336:
332:
329:
328:
324:
323:
322:
321:
311:
302:
298:
297:
293:
292:
289:
287:
286:
279:
273:
270:
267:
263:
260:
259:
258:Units involved
255:
254:
252:
251:
248:
243:
242:Ubeda Nur Isse
240:
236:
234:
232:
231:
228:
227:Tesfaye Ayalew
224:
221:
220:
216:
215:
214:
213:
189:
188:
187:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
136:
133:Bale Mountains
107:
103:
102:
96:
94:
90:
89:
87:
86:
83:
73:
71:
63:
62:
52:
51:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4949:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4864:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4772:organisations
4768:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4578:Somali Region
4575:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4508:War in Amhara
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4321:
4320:Abdiweli Gaas
4318:
4317:
4316:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:Mukhtar Robow
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:Garowe attack
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3356:War on terror
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3224:, p. 20.
3223:
3218:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2911:9780197690390
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2733:The Economist
2729:
2723:
2721:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2285:
2284:Garowe Online
2281:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2180:, p. 18.
2179:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2010:Radio Andalus
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1955:attacks, the
1954:
1950:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1860:According to
1858:
1855:
1851:
1842:
1837:
1828:
1812:
1796:
1780:
1764:
1748:
1732:
1718:
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1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1655:
1652:In 2020, the
1650:
1641:
1640:in Somalia.
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:Degahbur Zone
1599:
1598:Somali Region
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:Bale Province
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Somali Region
1511:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:Somali Region
1425:
1421:
1417:
1402:
1399:
1397:
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1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1378:
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1343:
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1128:
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1123:
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986:
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928:
926:
923:
921:
920:Central Hotel
918:
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911:
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905:Villa Somalia
903:
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821:Major attacks
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549:Kenyan border
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185:Somali Region
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144:
140:
139:Somali Region
137:
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127:
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117:
113:
112:Bale Province
108:
105:
104:
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99:Somali Region
95:
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84:
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72:
69:
68:
64:
58:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
4841:
4770:Human rights
4687:Armed groups
4232:Hizbul Islam
4160:Other events
3741:
3349:Part of the
3271:. Retrieved
3266:
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3238:
3229:
3222:Barnett 2023
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3201:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3146:
3122:. Retrieved
3118:Defense Post
3117:
3093:. Retrieved
3087:
3060:. Retrieved
3053:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3021:The Guardian
3020:
3010:
2998:. Retrieved
2992:
2979:
2970:
2967:CTC Sentinel
2966:
2953:
2941:
2934:. Retrieved
2930:
2920:
2896:
2889:
2856:
2852:
2827:. Retrieved
2815:The Guardian
2813:
2803:
2783:
2776:
2766:
2760:
2752:
2745:. Retrieved
2731:
2707:. Retrieved
2703:
2638:. Retrieved
2634:
2603:. Retrieved
2599:
2572:. Retrieved
2564:
2519:. Retrieved
2514:
2486:. Retrieved
2482:
2429:. Retrieved
2425:
2368:. Retrieved
2363:
2339:. Retrieved
2335:
2288:. Retrieved
2283:
2255:. Retrieved
2250:
2218:. Retrieved
2214:
2178:Barnett 2023
2146:. Retrieved
2140:
2099:
2057:
2030:
2019:
2009:
2006:
1995:
1993:
1982:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1927:
1919:
1916:
1890:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1847:
1703:
1693:
1690:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1625:Ahmed Godane
1622:
1575:
1503:
1471:
1456:
1440:
1413:
1400:
1070:Sahafi Hotel
950:Sahafi Hotel
880:Mogadishu UN
815:
784:Hilowle Gaab
763:
317:
307:
283:self-defense
191:
161:
156:Belligerents
119:
114:of southern
109:
31:Part of the
18:
4196:Key players
3555:and battles
3498:Disarmament
3286:Works cited
3034:28 December
2026:buffer zone
1638:Liyu police
1370:Bale revolt
1020:Dayah Hotel
910:Hotel Amalo
840:Hotel Shamo
509:S Mogadishu
4876:Categories
4795:Grassroots
4779:Government
4642:War crimes
4632:Tigray war
4418:Background
4218:Fuad Qalaf
4203:Al-Shabaab
3553:Operations
3493:Propaganda
3456:Background
2111:References
1990:Casualties
1957:Tigray war
1953:al-Shabaab
1876:Afder Zone
1731:Afder Zone
1654:Tigray war
1590:Al-Shabaab
1508:inhabited
1490:Tigray war
1476:Background
1432:Tigray war
1420:al-Shabaab
1270:Beledweyne
1145:Baidoa Eid
895:Beledweyne
860:Muna Hotel
835:Beledweyne
794:Bulo Marer
719:Camp Simba
704:Bulo Marer
614:Bulo Marer
589:Beledweyne
579:Linda Nchi
564:Lower Juba
539:Beledweyne
246:Fuad Qalaf
239:Ali Diyaar
211:Al-Shabaab
143:al-Shabaab
76:20 July –
49:Tigray war
4812:Seb Hidri
4637:Spillover
4213:Ali Dhere
3029:0261-3077
2881:148494845
2873:0954-6553
2824:0261-3077
2742:0013-0613
2220:10 August
1594:Aden Ayro
1576:In 2006,
1463:battalion
1125:Kenya bus
870:Mogadishu
850:Mogadishu
739:Mogadishu
724:Shabeelow
709:Gandarshe
554:Mogadishu
519:C Somalia
514:Mogadishu
320:estimate)
310:estimate)
281:Civilian
129:Battalion
85:(2 weeks)
45:spillover
4863:Category
4647:template
4315:Puntland
4295:Galmudug
3483:Factions
3365:Timeline
3089:Le Monde
2994:BBC News
2640:8 August
2290:6 August
2257:6 August
2142:Le Monde
2079:See also
1939:Analysis
1895:El Barde
1841:Ethiopia
1709:Invasion
1614:Al-Qaeda
1610:Jihadist
1436:Ethiopia
1416:Islamist
1364:Timeline
985:Awdiinle
890:Westgate
789:Hawadley
774:Runirgod
764:Ethiopia
754:Galmudug
674:Kulbiyow
412:Timeline
318:Le Monde
296:Strength
200:Al-Qaeda
171:Ethiopia
116:Ethiopia
93:Location
43:and the
4830:Related
4728:Tigray
4698:Amhara
4343:AFRICOM
4128:OEF–HOA
3766:Attacks
3273:13 July
3247:14 July
3207:30 July
3181:30 July
3155:14 July
3124:31 July
3095:14 July
3000:9 March
2936:20 July
2829:14 July
2747:13 July
2709:30 July
2605:12 July
2574:12 July
2565:AP News
2521:31 July
2515:Reuters
2488:31 July
2431:30 July
2370:31 July
2341:30 July
2148:12 July
2068:Jigjiga
1839:Map of
1795:El Kari
1675:El Kari
1667:Somalis
1542:Islamic
1424:Somalia
1230:Kismayo
1195:Mandera
1160:Galkayo
1140:Afgooye
1110:Kismayo
990:Galkayo
930:Garissa
855:Kampala
830:AU base
809:El Dher
749:Golweyn
689:Golweyn
684:Af Urur
664:Qandala
659:El Adde
629:Galgala
604:Kismayo
584:Deynile
529:Kismayo
316:2,000 (
301:Unclear
47:of the
4817:Yikono
4671:Tigray
4624:Tigray
4553:Oromia
4480:Amhara
4339:
4329:AMISOM
4312:
3062:16 May
3055:AMISOM
3027:
2944:
2908:
2879:
2871:
2822:
2791:
2740:
2053:
1928:ad hoc
1912:Moyale
1903:Kelafo
1887:Ferfer
1880:Hulhul
1827:Moyale
1747:Ferfer
1699:Bakool
1566:Ogaden
1526:Oromia
1510:Ogaden
1506:Somali
1488:, and
1459:Ogaden
1446:while
1060:Baidoa
975:Baidoa
940:Garowe
769:Bal'ad
649:Janale
599:Yurkud
285:groups
278:(ENDF)
182:
168:
106:Result
35:, the
4802:EHRCO
4596:SNNPR
3297:(PDF)
2963:(PDF)
2931:Items
2877:S2CID
2091:Notes
2045:Oromo
1695:gobol
1671:Oromo
1546:Oromo
1534:Oromo
1281:2024
1250:Mahas
1246:2023
1191:2022
1166:2021
1136:2020
1081:2019
1041:2018
1011:2017
956:2016
916:2015
901:2014
876:2013
866:2011
846:2010
826:2009
800:2024
780:2023
760:2022
744:Wisil
730:2021
715:2020
700:2018
679:Barii
670:2017
655:2016
644:Leego
639:Baure
635:2015
620:2014
610:2013
595:2012
574:Elwaq
560:2011
535:2010
524:Wabho
505:2009
145:force
118:(see
4807:ERCS
4786:EHRC
4702:Fano
4457:Afar
3542:2007
3537:2002
3532:1993
3447:2024
3442:2023
3437:2022
3432:2021
3427:2020
3422:2019
3417:2018
3412:2017
3407:2016
3402:2015
3397:2014
3392:2013
3387:2012
3382:2011
3377:2010
3372:2009
3275:2024
3249:2024
3209:2022
3183:2022
3157:2024
3126:2022
3097:2024
3064:2024
3036:2023
3025:ISSN
3002:2024
2973:(3).
2938:2024
2906:ISBN
2869:ISSN
2831:2024
2820:ISSN
2789:ISBN
2749:2024
2738:ISSN
2711:2022
2642:2022
2607:2024
2576:2024
2523:2022
2490:2022
2433:2022
2372:2022
2343:2022
2292:2022
2259:2022
2222:2022
2150:2024
2022:Omar
1901:and
1899:Gode
1854:Yeed
1763:Yeed
1669:and
1498:and
569:Gedo
493:2024
488:2023
483:2022
478:2021
473:2020
468:2019
463:2018
458:2017
453:2016
448:2015
443:2014
438:2013
433:2012
428:2011
423:2010
418:2009
70:Date
3202:VOA
3176:VOA
2942:...
2861:doi
2635:VOA
2426:VOA
2215:VOA
1908:Imi
1779:Imi
1438:.
544:Ayn
4878::
3265:.
3237:.
3200:.
3174:.
3145:.
3134:^
3116:.
3105:^
3086:.
3072:^
3052:.
3023:.
3019:.
2991:.
2969:.
2965:.
2940:.
2929:.
2900:.
2875:.
2867:.
2857:30
2855:.
2851:.
2839:^
2818:.
2812:.
2751:.
2730:.
2719:^
2702:.
2650:^
2633:.
2615:^
2598:.
2584:^
2567:.
2563:.
2531:^
2513:.
2498:^
2481:.
2441:^
2424:.
2380:^
2362:.
2351:^
2334:.
2300:^
2282:.
2267:^
2249:.
2230:^
2213:.
2185:^
2158:^
2139:.
2119:^
1914:.
1484:,
314:c.
124:)
78:c.
39:,
4403:e
4396:t
4389:v
3331:e
3324:t
3317:v
3303:.
3277:.
3251:.
3211:.
3185:.
3159:.
3128:.
3099:.
3066:.
3038:.
3004:.
2971:2
2914:.
2883:.
2863::
2833:.
2797:.
2713:.
2644:.
2609:.
2578:.
2525:.
2492:.
2435:.
2374:.
2345:.
2294:.
2261:.
2224:.
2152:.
1341:e
1334:t
1327:v
390:e
383:t
376:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
